Article(id=1322191058335805828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322191025829953744, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504071, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744905600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-18, revisedDate=1751644800000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793164513428, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1753804800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793164513428, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793164513428, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793164513428, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322191025829953744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1557', pageEnd='1684', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753804800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793164505679, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793164547848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322191202804420934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322191025829953744, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322191202804420935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322191025829953744, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1632, endPage=1641, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322191058566492549, articleId=1322191058335805828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Expression of β-arrestin1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its effect on cell proliferation, migration and invasion, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate the effect of β-arrestin1 (ARRB1) on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods‍

Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the expression profiles of ARRB1 in OSCC were analyzed, and then Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to suggest the possible signaling pathways involved, and to explore its potential impact on the prognosis of OSCC patients. Immuinohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression of ARRB1 in OSCC tumor tissues and adjacent tissues, and the correlation between ARRB1 expression and clinicopathological features was statistically analyzed. The expression profiles of ARRB1 in SCC-15, CAL-27 and HOK cell lines were verified by qPCR and Western blotting. The ARRB1 overexpression plasmid model was constructed, and its effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells were analyzed by clone formation, EdU, scratch and Transwell assays.

Results‍

TCGA showed that the expression level of ARRB1 was significantly lower in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and OSCC tissues than the corresponding normal tissues (P<0.01). The expression of ARRB1 in OSCC tissues was correlated with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P <0.05). The OSCC patients with high expression of ARRB1 had a lower survival rate than those with low expression (P<0.01), which was consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. The expression level of ARRB1 in SCC-15 and CAL-27 cells was lower than that of HOK cells (P<0.01), and its overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.05), migration (P<0.01) and invasion (P<0.01).

Conclusion‍

ARRB1 is lowly expressed in OSCC, its overexpression inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells, and it is related to prognosis improvement.

, authors=Xiaohui HAO1, Min CHEN2, Nan WU2, Yunshan DING1, Lifan ZHU1, Haitao DAI2, authorsList=Xiaohui HAO, Min CHEN, Nan WU, Yunshan DING, Lifan ZHU, Haitao DAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haitao DAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322191062018404762, articleId=1322191058335805828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=β-arrestin1在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其对细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的作用, columnId=1322185528879993170, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨β-arrestin1(ARRB1)在口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)中对细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的作用。

方法

基于TCGA数据库分析ARRB1在OSCC中的表达特征,并利用GSEA富集分析表明其可能涉及的信号通路,同时探讨其对OSCC患者预后的潜在影响。进一步通过免疫组化染色评估ARRB1在癌及癌旁组织中的表达差异,结合统计分析ARRB1与临床病理特征的相关性。利用qPCR和Western blot验证ARRB1在SCC-15、CAL-27及HOK中的表达特征。构建ARRB1过表达质粒模型,结合克隆形成、EdU、划痕、Transwell实验分析其对OSCC细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。

结果

TCGA分析显示,ARRB1在HNSC和OSCC组织中的表达水平显著低于正常组织(P<0.01)。ARRB1在OSCC组织中的表达与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期相关(P<0.05)。高表达ARRB1的患者生存率较低表达组高(HR=0.50,P=0.041),这与生信分析结果一致。经实验验证,SCC-15、CAL-27中ARRB1表达水平低于HOK(P<0.01),且ARRB1过表达显著抑制细胞增殖(P<0.05)、迁移(P<0.01)和侵袭(P<0.01)。

结论

ARRB1在OSCC中低表达,过表达ARRB1抑制OSCC细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,并与患者预后改善相关。

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代海涛,E-mail:
DAI Haitao,E-mail:
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Crit Rev Oncol Hematol,2025,209:104672., articleTitle=Immunotherapy in OSCC:current trend and challenges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322191077268894208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191058335805828, doi=10.1038/s41368-023-00249-w, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=44, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=29, authorNames=TAN Y H, WANG Z H, XU M T, journalName=Int J Oral Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAN Y H,WANG Z H,XU M T,et al. Oral squamous cell carcinomas:state of the field and emerging directions[J]. 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A:基于TCGA数据库分析ARRB1 mRNA在OSCC组织和正常组织中的表达差异;B:生存分析;C:ROC曲线;a:P<0.01

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A:基于TCGA数据库进行的GSEA富集分析;B:GO/KEGG富集分析(BP:生物过程,CC:细胞组分,MF:分子功能);C:ARRB1可视化富集情况

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A:ARRB1的表达与24种免疫细胞浸润的差异性分析;a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01

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B:免疫浸润相关性分析;b:P<0.01

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A:ARRB1在OSCC患者的肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织中IHC表达的特征性图像;B:ARRB1蛋白表达与OSCC患者的生存曲线

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A、B:Western blot检测ARRB1蛋白表达水平及定量分析结果;C:qPCR定量分析结果;a:P<0.01

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A、B:Western blot转染条带及定量分析结果;C:qPCR定量分析结果;a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01

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A:SCC-15、CAL-27细胞克隆形成图;B:定量分析结果;C:SCC-15、CAL-27细胞EdU荧光图;D:定量分析结果;a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=sI2EL9IWlE7up7nt7jhy+Q==, figureFileBig=SXjuXaT7jR8ZqqH/VLvyFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191072739045849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191058335805828, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=7hpKxewlZ43yjg86qihjHw==, figureFileBig=gJeXAJSs+0myJtWwofpBeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191072852292058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191058335805828, language=CN, label=图8, caption=ARRB1过表达对OSCC细胞迁移的抑制作用

A、B:SCC-15细胞划痕愈合图像及定量分析结果;C、D:CAL-27细胞划痕愈合图像及定量分析结果;a:P<0.01

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A、B:Transwell侵袭实验评估OSCC细胞侵袭能力及定量分析结果;a:P<0.01

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染色范围染色强度最终结果分类
阳性率(%)得分染色得分分级总分
<50未着色0-0~1低表达
6~251黄色1+(×1)2~4
26~502黄褐色2+(×2)5~8高表达
51~753褐色3+(×3)9~12
76~1004
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免疫反应评分(IRS评分)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
染色范围染色强度最终结果分类
阳性率(%)得分染色得分分级总分
<50未着色0-0~1低表达
6~251黄色1+(×1)2~4
26~502黄褐色2+(×2)5~8高表达
51~753褐色3+(×3)9~12
76~1004
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基因名称正向反向
ARRB15′-TCCAGAGAACGAGACGCCAGTAG-3′5′-ACCATCCTCCTCTTCCTCCTTGTC-3′
GAPDH5′-GGAGCGAGATCCCTCCAAAAT-3′5′-GGCTGTTGTCATACTTCTCATGG-3′
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目的基因、内参基因对应引物序列

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基因名称正向反向
ARRB15′-TCCAGAGAACGAGACGCCAGTAG-3′5′-ACCATCCTCCTCTTCCTCCTTGTC-3′
GAPDH5′-GGAGCGAGATCCCTCCAAAAT-3′5′-GGCTGTTGTCATACTTCTCATGG-3′
), ArticleFig(id=1322191074970415585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191058335805828, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床病理特征数量ARRB1χ2P
低表达高表达
性别1.0730.300
男性56488
女性453510
年龄2.9890.084
≤6033249
>6068599
肿瘤分化程度6.4220.033
高分化41383
中分化554213
低分化532
T 分期3.0970.078
T1~T2544113
T3~T447425
淋巴结转移4.2920.038
N0827111
N1~N219127
TNM分期4.0580.044
Ⅰ~Ⅱ44404
Ⅲ~Ⅳ574314
), ArticleFig(id=1322191075066884578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191058335805828, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ARRB1的表达差异与OSCC患者临床病理特征相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床病理特征数量ARRB1χ2P
低表达高表达
性别1.0730.300
男性56488
女性453510
年龄2.9890.084
≤6033249
>6068599
肿瘤分化程度6.4220.033
高分化41383
中分化554213
低分化532
T 分期3.0970.078
T1~T2544113
T3~T447425
淋巴结转移4.2920.038
N0827111
N1~N219127
TNM分期4.0580.044
Ⅰ~Ⅱ44404
Ⅲ~Ⅳ574314
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β-arrestin1在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其对细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的作用
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郝小慧 1 , 陈敏 2 , 仵楠 2 , 丁云杉 1 , 朱丽凡 1 , 代海涛 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学 2025,47(14): 1632-1641
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陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学 2025 , 47 (14) : 1632 -1641
β-arrestin1在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其对细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的作用
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郝小慧1, 陈敏2, 仵楠2, 丁云杉1, 朱丽凡1, 代海涛2
作者信息
  • 1石河子大学医学院,新疆 石河子
  • 2石河子大学第一附属医院口腔科,新疆 石河子
通讯作者:
代海涛,E-mail:
DAI Haitao,E-mail:
Expression of β-arrestin1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its effect on cell proliferation, migration and invasion
Xiaohui HAO1, Min CHEN2, Nan WU2, Yunshan DING1, Lifan ZHU1, Haitao DAI2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Medicine,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang
  • 2Department of Stomatology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang,China
出版时间: 2025-07-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504071
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目的

探讨β-arrestin1(ARRB1)在口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)中对细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的作用。

方法

基于TCGA数据库分析ARRB1在OSCC中的表达特征,并利用GSEA富集分析表明其可能涉及的信号通路,同时探讨其对OSCC患者预后的潜在影响。进一步通过免疫组化染色评估ARRB1在癌及癌旁组织中的表达差异,结合统计分析ARRB1与临床病理特征的相关性。利用qPCR和Western blot验证ARRB1在SCC-15、CAL-27及HOK中的表达特征。构建ARRB1过表达质粒模型,结合克隆形成、EdU、划痕、Transwell实验分析其对OSCC细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。

结果

TCGA分析显示,ARRB1在HNSC和OSCC组织中的表达水平显著低于正常组织(P<0.01)。ARRB1在OSCC组织中的表达与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期相关(P<0.05)。高表达ARRB1的患者生存率较低表达组高(HR=0.50,P=0.041),这与生信分析结果一致。经实验验证,SCC-15、CAL-27中ARRB1表达水平低于HOK(P<0.01),且ARRB1过表达显著抑制细胞增殖(P<0.05)、迁移(P<0.01)和侵袭(P<0.01)。

结论

ARRB1在OSCC中低表达,过表达ARRB1抑制OSCC细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,并与患者预后改善相关。

β-arrestin1  /  口腔鳞状细胞癌  /  增殖  /  迁移  /  侵袭
Objective‍

To investigate the effect of β-arrestin1 (ARRB1) on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods‍

Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the expression profiles of ARRB1 in OSCC were analyzed, and then Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to suggest the possible signaling pathways involved, and to explore its potential impact on the prognosis of OSCC patients. Immuinohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression of ARRB1 in OSCC tumor tissues and adjacent tissues, and the correlation between ARRB1 expression and clinicopathological features was statistically analyzed. The expression profiles of ARRB1 in SCC-15, CAL-27 and HOK cell lines were verified by qPCR and Western blotting. The ARRB1 overexpression plasmid model was constructed, and its effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells were analyzed by clone formation, EdU, scratch and Transwell assays.

Results‍

TCGA showed that the expression level of ARRB1 was significantly lower in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and OSCC tissues than the corresponding normal tissues (P<0.01). The expression of ARRB1 in OSCC tissues was correlated with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P <0.05). The OSCC patients with high expression of ARRB1 had a lower survival rate than those with low expression (P<0.01), which was consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. The expression level of ARRB1 in SCC-15 and CAL-27 cells was lower than that of HOK cells (P<0.01), and its overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.05), migration (P<0.01) and invasion (P<0.01).

Conclusion‍

ARRB1 is lowly expressed in OSCC, its overexpression inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells, and it is related to prognosis improvement.

β-arrestin1  /  oral squamous cell carcinoma  /  proliferation  /  migration  /  invasion
郝小慧, 陈敏, 仵楠, 丁云杉, 朱丽凡, 代海涛. β-arrestin1在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其对细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的作用. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (14) : 1632 -1641 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504071
Xiaohui HAO, Min CHEN, Nan WU, Yunshan DING, Lifan ZHU, Haitao DAI. Expression of β-arrestin1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its effect on cell proliferation, migration and invasion[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (14) : 1632 -1641 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504071
口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)占头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC)的50%以上[1-2],尽管通过化疗、放疗和手术等多种方式对口腔癌症进行了先进的治疗,但死亡率仍然很高[3]。因此,检测和识别实用的分子标志物来预测OSCC的预后和靶向治疗具有重要的临床价值[4]。
β-arrestin1(ARRB1)属于抑制蛋白家族,是一种普遍存在的支架蛋白,通过调控多条信号通路,对细胞生物学行为的调节起作用[5]。除此之外,ARRB1通过对T淋巴细胞的发育及调控免疫防御方面产生影响,表明其参与调节肿瘤免疫微环境[6],并且ARRB1在肿瘤细胞上皮-间充质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)中起重要作用[7],因此,ARRB1对多种疾病的发生发展都有不同的影响[8]。然而,ARRB1对OSCC的作用鲜有报道,本研究基于课题组前期相关研究,通过检测ARRB1在OSCC组织及细胞中的表达情况,进一步探讨ARRB1对肿瘤细胞增殖和侵袭的影响,以预测ARRB1作为OSCC诊断和治疗靶点的临床价值。
纳入2013年1月至2023年9月石河子大学第一附属医院经病理确诊的OSCC患者手术切除石蜡标本,共计OSCC组织101例,癌旁组织44例(距肿瘤边缘≥2 cm)。所有病例均依据AJCC第8版TNM分期标准分期,系统记录性别、年龄、肿瘤分化程度等多项临床资料,并随访至2023年9月或死亡日期。本研究经石河子大学第一附属医院伦理委员会审批(KJ2023-348-01),所有患者签署知情同意书。
HOK细胞购自河北北纳生物科技有限公司;SCC-15与CAL-27细胞系来源于ATCC。ARRB1抗体购自上海Abways生物,GAPDH抗体及HRP标记山羊抗兔二抗由北京中杉金桥提供。ARRB1及GAPDH引物由生工生物合成,GV657-ARRB1过表达质粒与空载对照质粒由上海吉凯基因提供,Lipofectamine™ 2000转染试剂购自赛默飞世尔科技公司。EdU试剂盒购自碧云天生物,免疫组织化学染色试剂由武汉三鹰生物供应。
基于TCGA数据库(https://www.cancer.gov/ccg/research/genome-sequencing/tcga)下载OSCC样本数据,采用R软件(v4.2.1)中DESeq2包分析ARRB1在肿瘤与正常组织中的表达差异。使用生存分析模型评估其对预后的影响。通过ClusterProfiler(v4.4.4)进行GO功能注释与GSEA富集分析,GSEA参考基因集为MSigDB中c2.cp.all.v2022.1.Hs.symbols.gmt。使用GSVA R包(4.2.1)的ssGSEA算法将ARRB1与24种免疫细胞进行免疫浸润相关分析。
采用免疫组化染色检测ARRB1在OSCC组织及其邻近正常组织中的表达水平。按照ElivisionTM Plus二步法进行染色。切片由2名具有高级职称的病理科医师在不知组别的情况下(双盲法)独立阅片,根据染色强度和阳性细胞百分比的乘积作为免疫反应评分(IRS)。见表1。
BCA定量后经10% SDS-PAGE电泳分离再转膜到PVDF膜上,封闭液室温封闭,滴加ARRB1抗体(1∶800)和GAPDH抗体(1∶10 000),4 ℃过夜。经TBST洗膜,滴加HRP标记的IgG 二抗(1∶10 000)室温2 h,经再次洗涤后,ECL化学发光仪显色拍照。分析条带灰度值,并以ARRB1/GAPDH灰度比值评估目的蛋白相对表达水平。
用Trizol法从细胞中提取总RNA。分别使用PrimeScripTMRT试剂盒和cDNA合成试剂盒(TaKaRa)将RNA逆转录为cDNA。最后,使用SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix进行RT-qPCR实验。计算ARRB1在各组细胞中mRNA的相对表达水平,公式为2-ΔΔCt。见表2。
将转染24 h后的SCC-15与CAL-27细胞接种于6孔板中,常规培养10~14 d,待克隆形成后,甲醇固定30 min,结晶紫染色20 min,干燥后拍照记录,统计各孔克隆数。另将转染24 h后的细胞接种于6孔板中,待贴壁后加入EdU试剂,孵育2 h,依次进行固定、染色,拍照后计算EdU阳性率。
细胞单层覆盖孔底后,使用100 µL移液枪头于标记区域划痕,PBS清洗去除非贴壁细胞。每隔24 h拍照记录相同区域划痕变化,利用ImageJ计算划痕愈合率,划痕愈合率=[(0 h面积-任一时间测得面积)/0 h面积]×100%。
Transwell上室预铺80 µL基质胶(1∶8),37 ℃孵育3 h凝固。将转染24 h的SCC-15及CAL-27细胞(7.5×10⁴/mL)接种于上室(含200 µL无血清培养基),下室加入600 µL含20%FBS的完全培养基,培养48 h。固定、染色后随机取5视野拍照计数,评估细胞侵袭能力。
所有数据使用GraphPad Prism 9.0、ImageJ及SPSS 27.0软件进行统计与可视化。计量资料以x¯±s表示,组间比较采用t检验或单因素方差分析;计数资料使用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法。生存数据使用Kaplan-Meier方法分析,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
与TCGA数据库中330个OSCC组织样本相比,32个正常组织样本中显著表达了ARRB1 mRNA(P<0.01,图1A)。此外,结果表明ARRB1高表达组的预后情况显著优于低表达组(P<0.05,图1B),同时,ARRB1对于OSCC具有一定诊断价值(图1C)。
基于TCGA数据库的GSEA分析显示,ARRB1在OSCC中显著富集于多条关键信号通路(图2A)。其中,β-arrestin通路的富集程度最高,其次为趋化因子信号通路、MAPK信号通路及Hedgehog信号通路。进一步通过GO/KEGG分析验证,ARRB1主要调控Hedgehog信号通路与SMO激活通路(图2B)。可视化结果表明,ARRB1在β-arrestin通路中的富集峰值最为显著,而在趋化因子及MAPK通路中呈梯度偏移(图2C),表明其可能通过多条信号通路参与OSCC生物学过程的调控。
基于TCGA数据库进行免疫浸润分析,结果显示ARRB1的表达水平在多种免疫细胞的浸润水平方面呈现显著差异(P<0.05,图3A),同时其表达主要与嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、记忆T细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫细胞浸润呈正相关(R≈0.5,P<0.01,图3B)。
通过免疫组织化学实验证明ARRB1主要位于细胞质中,在OSCC组织中ARRB1的表达水平较低,其染色呈浅黄色,而在正常组织中呈现黄褐色(图4A)。此外ARRB1在该组织中的表达水平与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期相关(P<0.05,表3)。经统计发现,在相同时间点下ARRB1高表达组的OSCC患者生存率较高(HR=0.50,P=0.041,图4B),这与前期生信分析结果一致。
Western blot实验结果显示:相比于HOK细胞,ARRB1蛋白在SCC-15、CAL-27细胞中呈低表达(P<0.01,图5A、B),与qPCR实验验证ARRB1的mRNA表达水平一致(P<0.01,图5C)。表明ARRB1在OSCC细胞系中呈显著低表达,差异具有统计学意义。
转染GV657-ARRB1、GV657至SCC-15和CAL-27细胞,利用Western blot、qPCR检测发现ARRB1蛋白(PSCC-15<0.01,PCAL-27<0.01,图6A、B)和mRNA(PSCC-15<0.01,PCAL-27<0.05,图6C)表达水平显著升高,表明转染成功。
在SCC-15及CAL-27细胞中,GV657-ARRB1组细胞克隆数显著低于GV657组(PSCC-15<0.01,PCAL-27<0.01,图7A、B),同时该组EdU阳性率也显著低于对照组(PSCC-15<0.05,PCAL-27<0.01,图7C、D),差异均具有统计学意义。表明ARRB1过表达可抑制OSCC细胞的生长增殖能力。
在SCC-15、CAL-27细胞中,24 h及48 h的GV657-ARRB1组细胞迁移率显著低于GV657组(PSCC-15<0.01,PCAL-27<0.01,图8),差异具有统计学意义。结果表明,ARRB1过表达可抑制OSCC细胞迁移。
Transwell侵袭实验显示,在SCC-15、CAL-27细胞中,GV657-ARRB1组细胞侵袭数显著低于GV657组(PSCC-15<0.01,PCAL-27<0.01,图9),差异具有统计学意义。结果表明,ARRB1过表达可抑制OSCC细胞侵袭。
口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)是口腔颌面部常见的恶性肿瘤,主要发生于舌部、口底部、牙龈及颊侧黏膜等部位,该疾病具有高复发性和转移性[9]的特点,并且在治疗过程中常产生耐药性[10]。虽然相关治疗方法取得了一定进展,但是其5年的生存率仍处于41%[11]。因此需通过发现新的分子靶点实现对OSCC的早期诊断与精准的靶向治疗,这对于优化诊治策略、提高患者生存率具有重要意义。
β-arrestin1(ARRB1)是调节各种G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptor,GPCR)的信号转导和运输的接头蛋白家族成员之一[12],与许多神经疾病、代谢疾病和肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。既往有研究表明其在多种恶性肿瘤中具有差异化的表达特征,并与患者的临床病理特征密切相关[3]。还有研究发现ARRB1在不同疾病中均可产生影响,例如,ARRB1低表达可促进髓母细胞瘤增殖,其过表达可抑制细胞增殖活性[13]。另有研究表明,ARRB1过表达可抑制乳腺癌细胞的生长和迁移,且其表达水平与患者的生存率呈正相关[14]。
本研究基于TCGA数据库分析发现,ARRB1在OSCC中低表达,并与患者不良预后相关,提示其在OSCC中可能发挥抑癌功能。免疫组织化学染色结果进一步明确了ARRB1在OSCC组织中表达水平显著低于正常组织,且与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期相关,这提示其在疾病进展过程中具有重要作用。
通过qPCR与Western blot实验验证,ARRB1在OSCC细胞系中低表达。因此本研究构建ARRB1过表达模型并进行表型实验,平板克隆及EdU实验结果表明ARRB1过表达可抑制OSCC细胞的增殖能力,而划痕愈合与Transwell实验亦显示其对细胞的迁移及侵袭能力发挥负调控作用。上述实验结果共同支持了ARRB1在OSCC中具有抑癌的潜能。
为探索ARRB1可能介导其抑癌功能的潜在机制,本研究利用GSEA富集分析进行了生物信息学预测。其结果显示,ARRB1的生物学功能可能涉及Hedgehog、MAPK等经典信号通路的调控。值得注意的是,Hedgehog通路的异常激活已被多项研究证实与调控细胞增殖及多种肿瘤的发生、发展有关[15-16],其激活依赖于SMO、GLI等关键因子的级联反应,并与OSCC的不良预后呈正相关[17-19]。未来需通过实验进一步解析其具体作用靶点。
目前,已有研究表明ARRB1过表达可使肺癌细胞对DNA损伤药物(如顺铂)的敏感性提高[20]。ARRB1作为放射耐药端粒基因之一,可能通过调节免疫相关通路或细胞周期、DNA修复对肺腺癌产生影响[21-22]。此外,ARRB1已被认为在肿瘤免疫调控及炎症相关信号转导中具有潜在生物学效应[8],在本研究的免疫浸润分析中,发现ARRB1与多种免疫细胞亚群的浸润存在一定关联。结合吸烟、槟榔咀嚼等高危因素可能导致的慢性炎症背景[23-24],长期的免疫失调和慢性炎症反应对肿瘤微环境的形成可能产生促进作用。这为ARRB1在OSCC中可能参与免疫微环境调控提供了初步线索,但其具体的分子机制仍有待进一步探究。
本研究也存在一些局限:ARRB1调控OSCC恶性表型的分子机制仍需深入探索,尤其是其与Hedgehog等信号通路的具体互作关系有待实验验证;同时,ARRB1对肿瘤免疫微环境的影响需结合具体实验进行深入解析。这些方向都将作为课题组后续研究的重点。
综上所述,本研究初步证实了ARRB1在OSCC中的低表达特征与其抑癌作用,并基于生信分析推测其可能涉及Hedgehog等信号通路的调控和免疫微环境的调节。现有结果为进一步探讨ARRB1的作用机制及其潜在应用价值提供了参考依据。未来可进一步结合机制与动物模型研究,明确其在肿瘤微环境中的作用,从而为OSCC的诊治提供更多实验依据和理论支持,以期逐步推动ARRB1的临床转化应用。

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2025年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504071
  • 接收时间:2025-04-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-07-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-18
  • 修回日期:2025-07-05
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    1石河子大学医学院,新疆 石河子
    2石河子大学第一附属医院口腔科,新疆 石河子

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代海涛,E-mail:
DAI Haitao,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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