Article(id=1322190399872024964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190358751069178, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504089, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745251200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-22, revisedDate=1749744000000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793164356438, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1757865600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793164356438, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793164356438, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793164356438, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322190358751069178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1981', pageEnd='2144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757865600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793164346635, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793164560388, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322191255602319722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190358751069178, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322191255602319723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190358751069178, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2134, endPage=2144, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322190400144654726, articleId=1322190399872024964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Preparation of doxorubicin-loaded polyphyllin H liposomes and synergistic anti-tumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer in vitro, columnId=1322190400052380037, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Biomedical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To prepare glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) -targeted doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded liposomes (doxorubicin/polyphyllin H-liposomes, DOX/ppH-LPs) using polyphyllin H (ppH) instead of cholesterol as the liposomal membrane material, and to investigate their in vitro synergistic anti-tumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods‍

DOX/ppH-LPs were prepared using thin-film hydration, and the formulation was optimized by single-factor investigation. The optimized DOX/ppH-LPs were characterized for morphology, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Drug loading DL% was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The storage stability was evaluated by observing in PBS at 4 ℃ for 7 d, and the serum stability was observed in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37 ℃ for 48 h. In vitro drug release was studied in PBS at pH 7.4 and pH 5.0 values, respectively. Human NSCLC A549 cells were subjected as the model, MTT assay was performed to detect the proliferation inhibition by DOX/ppH-LPs at different concentrations (0.5, 5.0, 15.0 μg/mL) and the control group (ppH + DOX/LPs, a physical mixture of free ppH and DOX-loaded liposomes). Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe cellular uptake of DOX/ppH-LPs and DOX/LPs (containing 5 μg/mL DOX) at 15 min and 2 h. Live/dead cell staining was applied to assess apoptosis/necrosis induced by formulations (15 μg/mL DOX) after 48 h incubation. Transwell assay was conducted to evaluate inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion, and the targeting property and in vitro synergistic anti-NSCLC activity of DOX/ppH-LPs were then comprehensively evaluated.

Results‍

The optimal formulation of DOX/ppH-LPs was determined as hydration temperature at 50 ℃, 6 mg DOX, 2 mg ppH, and 24 mg lecithin. The prepared DOX/ppH-LPs were in spherical shape, uniform distribution, and at an average particle size of 145.13±22.14 nm, a PDI of 0.15±0.05, a zeta potential of -23.92±1.73 mV, and a DL of 10.13±0.71 % for DOX and (1.22±0.21)% for ppH. DOX/ppH-LPs maintained stable particle size, PDI, and exhibited significantly unchanged zeta potential after storage in PBS at 4 ℃ for 7 d or incubation in DMEM containing 10% FBS at 37 ℃ for 48 h, demonstrating excellent physical and serum stability. Both liposomes showed slow release at pH 7.4 value, while drug release was significantly accelerated at pH 5.0 value (P<0.05), indicating pH-sensitive release characteristics. MTT assay revealed that DOX/ppH-LPs exerted significantly stronger cytotoxicity against A549 cells than the ppH+DOX/LPs control group (P<0.05). Compared with ppH+DOX/LPs, DOX/ppH-LPs showed remarkably enhanced cellular uptake in A549 cells (P<0.05), with more DOX localized in the nucleus. Live/dead cell staining showed that at the same DOX concentration (15 μg/mL), the proportion of apoptotic/necrotic cells induced by DOX/ppH-LPs was significantly higher than that of the DOX/LPs control group. Transwell assay demonstrated that there were significantly less cells migrating and invading through the membrane in the DOX/ppH-LPs group than the ppH+DOX/LPs group.

Conclusion‍

Glut1-targeted doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (DOX/ppH-LPs) constructed by substituting cholesterol with ppH can target NSCLC cells, significantly enhance the in vitro synergistic anti-NSCLC activity of DOX and ppH.

, authors=Yining LIU1, Dawei ZHOU2, Shouchang GAI3, Lu SUI4, Xue SUN4, Zhenhua TONG4, Yuhang WANG1, Jing ZHAO5, Xiaofeng YUAN5, Yong XIANG5, authorsList=Yining LIU, Dawei ZHOU, Shouchang GAI, Lu SUI, Xue SUN, Zhenhua TONG, Yuhang WANG, Jing ZHAO, Xiaofeng YUAN, Yong XIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaofeng YUAN, Yong XIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322190404821303718, articleId=1322190399872024964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=载阿霉素的重楼皂苷脂质体制备及其体外协同抗非小细胞肺癌的活性研究, columnId=1322190400245318023, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=生物医学工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

以重楼皂苷H(polyphyllin H,ppH)替代胆固醇作为脂质体膜材,制备具有葡萄糖转运蛋白1(glucose transporter 1,Glut1)靶向性的载阿霉素(doxorubicin,DOX)脂质体(doxorubicin/polyphyllin H-liposomes,DOX/ppH-LPs),并对其体外协同抗非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)活性进行研究。

方法

采用薄膜分散法制备DOX/ppH-LPs,并采用单因素考察法优化处方。采用透射电镜、动态光散射仪等手段,对优化后的DOX/ppH-LPs脂质体的形态、粒径、粒度分布(polydispersity index,PDI)及Zeta电位进行表征。采用HPLC法测定载药量(drug loading,DL)。同时考察了脂质体在4 ℃ PBS中的7 d储存稳定性及在37 ℃含10%胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)DMEM中的48 h血清稳定性;并分别对其在pH 7.4和pH 5.0的PBS中的释药性进行了体外研究。以人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549为细胞模型,利用MTT比色法检测不同浓度(0.5、5.0、15.0 μg/mL)的DOX/ppH-LPs及对照组(ppH+DOX/LPs,即游离ppH与不含ppH的载DOX脂质体物理混合)对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用;通过荧光显微镜评价A549细胞对含等量DOX(5 μg/mL)的DOX/ppH-LPs和DOX/LPs在15 min和2 h的摄取情况,并通过活/死细胞染色评估含等量DOX(15 μg/mL)的制剂孵育48 h诱导细胞凋亡/死亡的效果;通过Transwell实验评估其抑制细胞迁移侵袭的能力,从而综合评价DOX/ppH-LPs的靶向性及体外协同抗NSCLC的活性。

结果

DOX/ppH-LPs的最优处方为水化温度50 ℃,DOX为6 mg,ppH为2 mg,卵磷脂为24 mg。制备得到的DOX/ppH-LPs外观呈圆球形,分布均匀,其平均粒径和PDI分别为(145.13±22.14) nm和0.15±0.05,电位为(-23.92±1.73)mV,DOX和ppH的载药量分别为(10.13±0.71)%和(1.22±0.21)%。DOX/ppH-LPs在4 ℃ PBS中储存7 d及在37 ℃含10%FBS DMEM中孵育48 h,其粒径、PDI和Zeta电位均未发生显著变化,表现出良好的物理稳定性和血清稳定性。两种脂质体在pH 7.4下释放缓慢,而在pH 5.0下释放显著加速(P<0.05),表现出pH敏感释放特性。MTT结果表明:DOX/ppH-LPs对A549细胞的毒性显著强于ppH+DOX/LPs组(P<0.05)。相较于DOX/LPs,DOX/ppH-LPs在A549细胞中的摄取作用显著增强(P<0.05),且更多DOX定位在细胞核内,活/死细胞染色结果显示,在相同DOX浓度(15 μg/mL)下,DOX/ppH-LPs处理组诱导的细胞凋亡/死亡比例显著高于ppH+DOX/LPs组。Transwell小室实验结果显示,DOX/ppH-LPs组穿过滤膜的细胞数(迁移和侵袭)均显著少于ppH+DOX/LPs组。

结论

ppH替代胆固醇构建的Glut1靶向载阿霉素脂质体可靶向NSCLC细胞,显著增强DOX与ppH的体外协同抗NSCLC活性。

, authors=刘轶宁1, 周大伟2, 盖守昌3, 睢璐4, 孙雪4, 佟振华4, 王宇航1, 赵晶5, 袁晓峰5, 项勇5, authorsList=刘轶宁, 周大伟, 盖守昌, 睢璐, 孙雪, 佟振华, 王宇航, 赵晶, 袁晓峰, 项勇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=袁晓峰, 项勇, authorNote=

同等贡献作者

LIU Yining and ZHOU Dawei contributed equally to the article.

, correspAuthorsNote=
项勇,E-mail:
袁晓峰,E-mail:
XIANG Yong,E-mail:
YUAN Xiaofeng,E-mail:
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J Tradit Chin Med,2024,44(2):251-259., articleTitle=Polyphyllin Ⅰenhances tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced inhibition of human osteosarcoma cell growth downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322190405022630311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190399872024964, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190405031018920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190399872024964, companyId=1322190405022630311, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Medical Service,No. 967 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Dalian Liaoning), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190405039407529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190399872024964, companyId=1322190405022630311, language=CN, country=null, province=null, 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a:P<0.05,in comparison with DOX/LPs+pH 7.4; b:P<0.05,in comparison with DOX/ppH-LPs+pH 7.4

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a:P<0.05,in comparison with DOX/LPs+ppH

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载阿霉素的重楼皂苷脂质体制备及其体外协同抗非小细胞肺癌的活性研究
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刘轶宁 1 , 周大伟 2 , 盖守昌 3 , 睢璐 4 , 孙雪 4 , 佟振华 4 , 王宇航 1 , 赵晶 5 , 袁晓峰 5 , 项勇 5
陆军军医大学学报 | 生物医学工程 2025,47(17): 2134-2144
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陆军军医大学学报 |生物医学工程 2025 , 47 (17) : 2134 -2144
载阿霉素的重楼皂苷脂质体制备及其体外协同抗非小细胞肺癌的活性研究
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刘轶宁1, 周大伟2, 盖守昌3, 睢璐4, 孙雪4, 佟振华4, 王宇航1, 赵晶5, 袁晓峰5 , 项勇5
作者信息
  • 1联勤保障部队第九六七医院,卫勤处,辽宁 大连
  • 2联勤保障部队第九六七医院,急诊医学科,辽宁 大连
  • 3陆军第七十九集团军医院药剂科,辽宁 大连
  • 4北部战区总医院药剂科,辽宁 沈阳
  • 5联勤保障部队第九六七医院,药剂科,辽宁 大连
通讯作者:
项勇,E-mail:
袁晓峰,E-mail:
XIANG Yong,E-mail:
YUAN Xiaofeng,E-mail:
作者简介:

同等贡献作者

LIU Yining and ZHOU Dawei contributed equally to the article.

Preparation of doxorubicin-loaded polyphyllin H liposomes and synergistic anti-tumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer in vitro
Yining LIU1, Dawei ZHOU2, Shouchang GAI3, Lu SUI4, Xue SUN4, Zhenhua TONG4, Yuhang WANG1, Jing ZHAO5, Xiaofeng YUAN5 , Yong XIANG5
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Medical Service,No. 967 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Dalian Liaoning
  • 2Department of Emergency Medicine,No. 967 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Dalian Liaoning
  • 3Department of Pharmacy,Hospital of PLA 79th Group Army, Liaoyang,Liaoning
  • 4Department of Pharmacy,General Hospital of Northern Theater Command,Shenyang,Liaoning China
  • 5Department of Pharmacy,No. 967 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Dalian,Liaoning
出版时间: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504089
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目的

以重楼皂苷H(polyphyllin H,ppH)替代胆固醇作为脂质体膜材,制备具有葡萄糖转运蛋白1(glucose transporter 1,Glut1)靶向性的载阿霉素(doxorubicin,DOX)脂质体(doxorubicin/polyphyllin H-liposomes,DOX/ppH-LPs),并对其体外协同抗非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)活性进行研究。

方法

采用薄膜分散法制备DOX/ppH-LPs,并采用单因素考察法优化处方。采用透射电镜、动态光散射仪等手段,对优化后的DOX/ppH-LPs脂质体的形态、粒径、粒度分布(polydispersity index,PDI)及Zeta电位进行表征。采用HPLC法测定载药量(drug loading,DL)。同时考察了脂质体在4 ℃ PBS中的7 d储存稳定性及在37 ℃含10%胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)DMEM中的48 h血清稳定性;并分别对其在pH 7.4和pH 5.0的PBS中的释药性进行了体外研究。以人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549为细胞模型,利用MTT比色法检测不同浓度(0.5、5.0、15.0 μg/mL)的DOX/ppH-LPs及对照组(ppH+DOX/LPs,即游离ppH与不含ppH的载DOX脂质体物理混合)对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用;通过荧光显微镜评价A549细胞对含等量DOX(5 μg/mL)的DOX/ppH-LPs和DOX/LPs在15 min和2 h的摄取情况,并通过活/死细胞染色评估含等量DOX(15 μg/mL)的制剂孵育48 h诱导细胞凋亡/死亡的效果;通过Transwell实验评估其抑制细胞迁移侵袭的能力,从而综合评价DOX/ppH-LPs的靶向性及体外协同抗NSCLC的活性。

结果

DOX/ppH-LPs的最优处方为水化温度50 ℃,DOX为6 mg,ppH为2 mg,卵磷脂为24 mg。制备得到的DOX/ppH-LPs外观呈圆球形,分布均匀,其平均粒径和PDI分别为(145.13±22.14) nm和0.15±0.05,电位为(-23.92±1.73)mV,DOX和ppH的载药量分别为(10.13±0.71)%和(1.22±0.21)%。DOX/ppH-LPs在4 ℃ PBS中储存7 d及在37 ℃含10%FBS DMEM中孵育48 h,其粒径、PDI和Zeta电位均未发生显著变化,表现出良好的物理稳定性和血清稳定性。两种脂质体在pH 7.4下释放缓慢,而在pH 5.0下释放显著加速(P<0.05),表现出pH敏感释放特性。MTT结果表明:DOX/ppH-LPs对A549细胞的毒性显著强于ppH+DOX/LPs组(P<0.05)。相较于DOX/LPs,DOX/ppH-LPs在A549细胞中的摄取作用显著增强(P<0.05),且更多DOX定位在细胞核内,活/死细胞染色结果显示,在相同DOX浓度(15 μg/mL)下,DOX/ppH-LPs处理组诱导的细胞凋亡/死亡比例显著高于ppH+DOX/LPs组。Transwell小室实验结果显示,DOX/ppH-LPs组穿过滤膜的细胞数(迁移和侵袭)均显著少于ppH+DOX/LPs组。

结论

ppH替代胆固醇构建的Glut1靶向载阿霉素脂质体可靶向NSCLC细胞,显著增强DOX与ppH的体外协同抗NSCLC活性。

阿霉素  /  脂质体  /  非小细胞肺癌
Objective‍

To prepare glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) -targeted doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded liposomes (doxorubicin/polyphyllin H-liposomes, DOX/ppH-LPs) using polyphyllin H (ppH) instead of cholesterol as the liposomal membrane material, and to investigate their in vitro synergistic anti-tumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods‍

DOX/ppH-LPs were prepared using thin-film hydration, and the formulation was optimized by single-factor investigation. The optimized DOX/ppH-LPs were characterized for morphology, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Drug loading DL% was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The storage stability was evaluated by observing in PBS at 4 ℃ for 7 d, and the serum stability was observed in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37 ℃ for 48 h. In vitro drug release was studied in PBS at pH 7.4 and pH 5.0 values, respectively. Human NSCLC A549 cells were subjected as the model, MTT assay was performed to detect the proliferation inhibition by DOX/ppH-LPs at different concentrations (0.5, 5.0, 15.0 μg/mL) and the control group (ppH + DOX/LPs, a physical mixture of free ppH and DOX-loaded liposomes). Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe cellular uptake of DOX/ppH-LPs and DOX/LPs (containing 5 μg/mL DOX) at 15 min and 2 h. Live/dead cell staining was applied to assess apoptosis/necrosis induced by formulations (15 μg/mL DOX) after 48 h incubation. Transwell assay was conducted to evaluate inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion, and the targeting property and in vitro synergistic anti-NSCLC activity of DOX/ppH-LPs were then comprehensively evaluated.

Results‍

The optimal formulation of DOX/ppH-LPs was determined as hydration temperature at 50 ℃, 6 mg DOX, 2 mg ppH, and 24 mg lecithin. The prepared DOX/ppH-LPs were in spherical shape, uniform distribution, and at an average particle size of 145.13±22.14 nm, a PDI of 0.15±0.05, a zeta potential of -23.92±1.73 mV, and a DL of 10.13±0.71 % for DOX and (1.22±0.21)% for ppH. DOX/ppH-LPs maintained stable particle size, PDI, and exhibited significantly unchanged zeta potential after storage in PBS at 4 ℃ for 7 d or incubation in DMEM containing 10% FBS at 37 ℃ for 48 h, demonstrating excellent physical and serum stability. Both liposomes showed slow release at pH 7.4 value, while drug release was significantly accelerated at pH 5.0 value (P<0.05), indicating pH-sensitive release characteristics. MTT assay revealed that DOX/ppH-LPs exerted significantly stronger cytotoxicity against A549 cells than the ppH+DOX/LPs control group (P<0.05). Compared with ppH+DOX/LPs, DOX/ppH-LPs showed remarkably enhanced cellular uptake in A549 cells (P<0.05), with more DOX localized in the nucleus. Live/dead cell staining showed that at the same DOX concentration (15 μg/mL), the proportion of apoptotic/necrotic cells induced by DOX/ppH-LPs was significantly higher than that of the DOX/LPs control group. Transwell assay demonstrated that there were significantly less cells migrating and invading through the membrane in the DOX/ppH-LPs group than the ppH+DOX/LPs group.

Conclusion‍

Glut1-targeted doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (DOX/ppH-LPs) constructed by substituting cholesterol with ppH can target NSCLC cells, significantly enhance the in vitro synergistic anti-NSCLC activity of DOX and ppH.

doxorubicin  /  liposomes  /  non-small cell lung cancer
刘轶宁, 周大伟, 盖守昌, 睢璐, 孙雪, 佟振华, 王宇航, 赵晶, 袁晓峰, 项勇. 载阿霉素的重楼皂苷脂质体制备及其体外协同抗非小细胞肺癌的活性研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (17) : 2134 -2144 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504089
Yining LIU, Dawei ZHOU, Shouchang GAI, Lu SUI, Xue SUN, Zhenhua TONG, Yuhang WANG, Jing ZHAO, Xiaofeng YUAN, Yong XIANG. Preparation of doxorubicin-loaded polyphyllin H liposomes and synergistic anti-tumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer in vitro[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (17) : 2134 -2144 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504089
非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)是全球发病率和病死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一。据统计,全球NSCLC新发病例数从2017年的173.1万增至2021年的192.6万,年复合增长率2.7%,预计2025年将达214.1万例,2030年进一步升至242.1万例[1-2]。我国NSCLC新发病例增长显著,2025年预计达92万例,2030年增至105.7万例,病死率亦呈逐年攀升趋势[3]。尽管当前治疗手段已从手术扩展至放疗、化疗、靶向及免疫治疗,但由于肿瘤异质性、耐药性及传统药物靶向性不足等问题,临床疗效仍受限[4]。开发新型高效低毒的抗肿瘤药物及其递送系统,成为NSCLC治疗领域的研究热点。
脂质体作为经典纳米药物载体,具有生物相容性好、药物包封率高、靶向性可调和释药行为可控等优势[5]。其膜材通常由磷脂、胆固醇等天然成分构成,可通过静电吸附、受体介导等方式实现肿瘤组织靶向[6]。然而,传统膜材胆固醇缺乏主动靶向功能,限制了脂质体对肿瘤细胞的精准识别。研究表明,以具有靶向功能的天然产物替代胆固醇可显著提升脂质体活性,如人参皂苷Rg3(ginsenoside Rg3,Rg3)因含葡萄糖基,能与肿瘤细胞表面高表达的葡萄糖转运蛋白1(glucose transporter 1,Glut1)结合,被成功用于构建主动靶向脂质体[7-8]。
NSCLC细胞中Glut1呈高表达状态,其作为葡萄糖跨膜运输的关键蛋白,是理想的靶向位点[9]。重楼皂苷H(polyphyllin H,ppH)是从重楼属植物中提取的活性单体,其分子结构与Rg3相似,亲水侧链含2个葡萄糖基,可与Glut1底物特异性结合[10-11];同时,ppH具有类似胆固醇的甾体骨架,具备嵌入脂质体膜发挥稳定作用的潜力[12]。此外,ppH自身可阻滞肿瘤细胞周期、增强化疗药物敏感性,但因其水溶性差、体内清除快等问题限制了其临床应用[13-14]。
基于上述背景,本研究以ppH替代胆固醇作为脂质体膜材,通过ppH的Glut1靶向性与膜稳定作用,构建兼具主动靶向与协同抗肿瘤效应的载阿霉素(doxorubicin,DOX)脂质体(doxorubicin/polyphyllin H-liposomes,DOX/ppH-LPs,DOX/ppH-LPs),以期为临床抗肿瘤治疗提供新的策略和选择。
本研究采用的主要仪器有:杭州大卫科教仪器有限公司M-1100-D型旋转蒸发仪;上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司DF-101S集热式磁力搅拌器;宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司JY92-ⅡN超声波细胞粉碎机;美国贝克曼库尔特有限公司J-15RIV高速冷冻离心机;英国马尔文仪器有限公司Malvern Panalytical激光粒度仪MASTERSIZER 2000;日本日立公司H-7650透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM);美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司 THZ-300C 恒温培养箱;德国Carl Zeiss公司LSM 880荧光显微镜。
DOX购自浙江海正制药科技股份有限公司;ppH购自湖北实顺生物科技公司;卵磷脂、胆固醇购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司;DMEM培养基购自苏州赛默飞世尔仪器有限公司;胰酶、胎牛血清购自武汉尚恩生物技术有限公司;多聚甲醛、四甲基偶氮唑蓝、DAPI染色液购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;磷酸盐缓冲液购自武汉赛维埃尔生物技术有限公司;甲醇、二氯甲烷、无水乙醇购自上海德诺化工有限公司。
肺癌人类肺泡基底上皮细胞(human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells,A549)购自上海雅吉生物科技有限公司。
采用薄膜分散法制备脂质体,称取处方量的DOX、ppH、磷脂酰胆碱(phosphatidylcholine,PC)至圆底烧瓶,加入等体积无水乙醇及二氯甲烷(1∶1),超声至药物全部溶解,分别于不同温度(30、50、70 ℃)的恒温水浴条件下,以11 200×g减压旋转蒸发30 min,得到均匀的脂膜,再加入一定量的去离子水,水化1 h,使之充分溶化,为使其充分发挥作用,用细胞破碎仪超声(功率28%,超声5 s,间隔5 s,1 min),即为脂质溶液。以相同的方法制备不含胆固醇的载药脂质体DOX/LPs。
准确称取DOX/ppH-LPs脂质体5 mg,加入1 mL的甲醇,水浴超声30 min,对脂质体样品破乳。随后,以11 200×g离心10 min,取上清加甲醇调稀至适宜倍数。用HPLC对药物在乳后溶液中的浓度进行检测。通过以下公式对载药量进行计算:
DL=WeWm×100%
其中,We表示脂质体中被包封药物质量,Wm表示载药脂质体总质量。
以平均粒径、粒度分布(polydispersity index,PDI)及载药量为指标对水化温度、药脂比、苷脂比3个因素进行考察。水化温度的考察:将DOX固定为6 mg,ppH固定为2 mg,卵磷脂固定为24 mg,分别在30、50、70 ℃的水浴条件下,按“1.2.1”项所述实验方法,制备DOX/ppH-LPs。药脂比的考察:设定DOX和卵磷脂的药脂质比分别为1∶3、1∶4、1∶5,固定反应温度50 ℃,按“1.2.1”项下的实验方法,制备DOX/ppH-LPs。苷脂比考察:设定ppH与卵磷脂的苷脂质比分别为1∶24、1∶12、1∶6,将反应温度固定为50 ℃,药脂比1∶4,按“1.2.1”项下实验方法,制备DOX/ppH-LPs。
利用激光力度测定仪检测DOX/ppH-LPs的粒径及电位值,取1 mL的DOX/ppH-LPs样品,随后在25 ℃下进行测量。透射电子显微镜观察:将一定量的DOX/ppH-LPs样品滴加到铜网上,静置2 min,随后用滤纸吸去多余液体,使用透射电子显微镜对DOX/ppH-LPs形态进行观察。
对DOX/ppH-LPs在室温储存条件下的稳定性进行考察:将最佳处方制备所得DOX/ppH-LPs溶液于室温下储存,在第1、3、5、7天,分别使用马尔文粒度仪对DOX/ppH-LPs溶液的粒径和PDI进行测定。对DOX/ppH-LPs在37 ℃条件下的血清稳定性进行考察:将最佳处方制备所得DOX/ppH-LPs溶液与等体积的含有10% FBS的DMEM血清溶液混合,在37 ℃条件下进行孵育。之后分别在6、12、24、48 h时间点取样,测定DOX/ppH-LPs溶液的粒径和PDI。
在pH 5.0和pH 7.4的含0.2%聚山梨酯-80的PBS中研究DOX/ppH-LPs的药物释放。取一定量 DOX/ppH-LPs装入3000 D的透析袋中,将透析袋置于50 mL离心管中,内装释放介质20 mL,摇床37 ℃,100 r/min,在预定时间点0、4、8、16、24、36、48、60、70 h用移液枪吸取500 μL的释放液,并加入等量释放介质,利用HPLC检测释放药物,反复实验3次。
将A549细胞消化成单细胞悬液,以每孔5×10³个细胞的密度接种于96孔板,培养过夜。对照组加入等量培养液,给药组分别加入不同浓度的DOX/ppH-LPs和DOX/LPs,使DOX的终浓度分别为0.5、5.0、15.0 µg/mL,DOX/LPs组同时加入等量游离ppH,各组均孵育48 h。孵育结束后,每孔加入20 µL的四甲基偶氮唑盐溶液(5 mg/mL),继续孵育4 h。随后,小心吸去上清液,每孔加入150 µL二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO),轻轻震荡10 min,使结晶物充分溶解。最后,用酶标仪在490 nm波长处测定各孔的吸光度[A(490)]值,计算细胞存活率。细胞存活率=(A给药组/A对照组)×100%。
将A549细胞消化成悬液,接种于6孔板,培养24 h。弃培养液,加DOX/ppH-LPs或DOX/LPs,DOX终浓度为5 µg/mL,DOX/LPs组加等量游离ppH,孵育15 min或2 h。孵育结束后,用PBS轻轻清洗细胞3次,以去除未摄取的脂质体。随后,加入4%多聚甲醛溶液固定细胞15 min,再用PBS清洗3次。接着,加入DAPI染液(1 µg/mL)染核10 min,最后用PBS清洗3次后,加入适量PBS,用荧光显微镜观察并分析细胞摄取情况。
将A549细胞接种于6孔板,培养24 h后,加入DOX/ppH-LPs或DOX/LPs,DOX终浓度为15 µg/mL,DOX/LPs组中加入等量游离ppH。继续培养48 h后,用Assay Buffer洗涤细胞,加染色工作液孵育20 min,荧光显微镜观察细胞染色情况,计算死/活细胞比例。
将A549细胞接种于6孔板中,待细胞生长至完全铺满孔底后,使用200 µL移液枪头在细胞单层上划1条直线,制造出一个清晰的划痕。用PBS轻轻冲洗细胞2~3次,以去除划痕产生的细胞碎片。随后,加入含有不同浓度DOX/ppH-LPs和DOX/LPs的培养液,使DOX的终浓度为5 µg/mL,DOX/LPs组同时加入等量游离ppH。在0和24 h分别在显微镜下观察并拍照记录划痕的愈合情况,使用Image J软件测量划痕的宽度,计算细胞迁移率。细胞迁移率=(划痕宽度0 h-划痕宽度24 h)/划痕宽度0 h×100%。
将A549细胞接种于Transwell供池中,培养4 h后,加入DOX/ppH-LPs或DOX/LPs,DOX终浓度为5 µg/mL,DOX/LPs组中加入等量游离ppH。继续培养24 h后,固定细胞,用结晶紫染色,计算细胞相对迁移率。
将Matrigengel matrix稀释后加入Transwell供池中,使其凝固。将A549细胞接种于含Matrigengel matrix的Transwell供池中,培养4 h后,加入DOX/ppH-LPs或DOX/LPs,DOX终浓度为5 µg/mL,DOX/LPs组中加入等量游离ppH。继续培养24 h后,固定细胞,用结晶紫染色,计算细胞相对侵袭率。
所有实验采用 GraphPad Prism 9.0 软件进行统计学处理,计量资料以x¯±s表示,组内及组间差异分析采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用非配对t检验,P<0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。
在不同水化温度下制备DOX/ppH-LPs的DL、粒径及电位并没有显著差异(图1)。但水化温度为50 ℃时制备的脂质体粒径和PDI较小,且载药量最大,故选用50 ℃作为水化温度。
研究结果显示,药脂比为1∶5时虽然脂质体的粒径最小,但其载药量相对最低;药脂比为1∶3、1∶4时制备的脂质体载药量相近,比较二者的粒径时发现,药脂比为1∶4时粒径相对较小(图2)。本研究选择药脂比为1∶4时制备的脂质体,因其粒径较小,有助于增强稳定性,延长体内滞留时间。
苷脂比为1∶12时制备的脂质体粒径较苷脂比为1∶24、1∶6时的脂质体粒径小,载药量高。故后续制备中苷脂比选择1∶12(图3)。
采用激光粒度仪对DOX/ppH-LPs和DOX/LPs的粒径和电位进行测定。结果显示,DOX/ppH-LPs的平均粒径为(145.13±22.14)nm,DOX/LPs的平均粒径为(136.12±16.08)nm(图4、图5)。两种脂质体的PDI值均小于0.2,表明两种脂质体颗粒具有良好的均匀性。Zeta电位反映了粒子表面的电荷状态,是表征粒子稳定性的重要指标之一。结果显示,DOX/ppH-LPs的Zeta电位为(-23.92±1.73)mV,DOX/LPs的Zeta电位为(-21.21±2.13)mV。两种脂质体的Zeta电位均处于一个相对稳定的范围,预示着它们在溶液中具有良好的稳定性,能够有效减少颗粒间的团聚现象。
利用透射电子显微镜观察DOX/ppH-LPs和DOX/LPs的形态结构。结果显示,这两种脂质体均呈现出球形结构,表面光滑,没有发现明显的缺陷(图6)。通过测量,DOX/ppH-LPs的平均粒径约为120 nm,而DOX/LPs的平均粒径约为110 nm。电镜结果直观表明ppH同样可以作为脂质体膜材,且能形成稳定的脂质体结构。
将DOX/ppH-LPs和DOX/LPs分别放置在4 ℃的冰箱中储存,并在不同时间点取出进行粒径、Zeta电位等指标,进而评估其储存稳定性。这两种脂质体的粒径、Zeta电位在长达7 d的储存过程中未发生显著变化,均表现出良好的储存稳定性(图7)。
将DOX/ppH-LPs 和 DOX/LPs分别置于含有10%胎牛血清的PBS溶液中,评估其在生物环境中的稳定性。结果显示,这两种脂质体的粒径和Zeta电位未发生显著变化,说明它们具有良好的血清稳定性(图8)。
为了探讨不同pH条件下DOX/ppH-LPs和DOX/LPs的药物释放特点,将其分别放置在不同的pH值PBS中。结果显示,两种脂质体在pH值为7.4的PBS环境中,药物释放率均保持低位;但当孵育介质中PBS的pH值降至5.0时,药物释放量明显提高(P<0.05,图9)。提示这两种脂质体都具有很好的体外酸敏释放特性。
通过MTT试验评估DOX/ppH-LPs和ppH+DOX/LPs两种制剂对A549细胞的毒性影响。结果显示,DOX/ppH-LPs的IC50值为(4.49±0.06)μg/mL,这显著低于ppH+DOX/LPs的IC50值[(9.46±0.73)μg/mL,P<0.05,图10]。DOX/ppH-LPs对A549细胞的毒性显著强于ppH+DOX/LPs,显示出其在细胞毒性方面的优越性。此外,这一发现也提示DOX/ppH-LPs可能在治疗相关疾病时具有更高的效率和更低的剂量需求。
采用荧光显微镜观察A549细胞对DOX/ppH-LPs和DOX/LPs两种制剂的摄取情况。结果显示,DOX/ppH-LPs组细胞内的DOX蓄积量显著高于DOX/LPs组(P<0.05),且DOX/ppH-LPs组细胞核内的DOX含量也明显增多(图11)。说明DOX/ppH-LPs能够更有效地被A549细胞摄取,并且能够更有效地转运至细胞核内,从而发挥其抗肿瘤作用。以上结果进一步表明ppH作为脂质体膜材可以促进A549细胞对DOX/ppH-LPs的摄取,在治疗过程中具有更高的靶向性和治疗效率。
采用Annexinv-FITC/PI双染法,对经不同药物处理的A549细胞进行活/死细胞染色。实验结果显示,在相同DOX浓度(15 μg/mL)下,DOX/ppH-LPs诱导细胞凋亡的比例明显高于ppH+DOX/LPs(图12)。这一结果明确显示,Dox/ppH-LPs诱导A549细胞凋亡的能力更强,可能与其高效摄取细胞有关,也与细胞毒性有关。
探讨ppH+DOX/LPs和DOX/ppH-LPs对A549细胞水平迁移能力的影响。划痕愈合实验结果显示,ppH+DOX/LPs和DOX/ppH-LPs对A549细胞的迁移能力具有显著的抑制作用,且这种抑制作用呈现剂量依赖性(图13)。在相同浓度(15 μg/mL)条件下,DOX/ppH-LPs相较于ppH+DOX/LPs表现出更强的抑制效果,提示其在调控细胞水平迁移方面具有更强的作用机制。
本研究通过Transwell实验来检测DOX/ppH-LPs和ppH+DOX/LPs对A549细胞迁移能力的影响。实验结果显示,DOX/ppH-LPs处理组的细胞迁移数目明显减少(图14)。这一结果说明DOX/ppH-LPs能够显著抑制A549细胞的迁移能力,这可能与其较强的细胞毒性以及对细胞骨架的干扰有关。
采用Transwell实验来评估DOX/ppH-LPs和ppH+DOX/LPs对A549细胞侵袭能力的影响。实验结果显示,DOX/ppH-LPs处理组的细胞侵袭数目明显低于ppH+DOX/LPs处理组和对照组(图15)。这一结果表明DOX/ppH-LPs具有更强的抑制A549细胞侵袭能力的作用,这可能与其能够有效抑制细胞迁移和细胞外基质降解酶的活性有关。
NSCLC的高发病率和死亡率对临床治疗提出严峻挑战,传统化疗药物因缺乏靶向性导致的毒副作用限制了其应用[15]。药物递送系统(drug delivery system,DDS)的发展为解决这一问题提供了新思路[16]。脂质体作为经典纳米载体,凭借良好的生物相容性和药物保护作用,在抗癌药物递送上具有独特优势[6]。本研究创新性地以ppH作为脂质体膜材,利用其与NSCLC细胞表面高表达的Glut1的特异性结合能力,构建了载阿霉素脂质体(DOX/ppH-LPs),为NSCLC靶向治疗提供了新策略。
本研究采用薄膜分散法制备DOX/ppH-LPs,并通过单因素考察法优化处方,最终确定最佳制备条件为水化温度50 ℃、DOX 6 mg、ppH 2 mg、卵磷脂24 mg。优化后的DOX/ppH-LPs形态规整呈圆球形,粒径(145.13±22.14)nm,PDI为0.15±0.05,Zeta电位(-23.92±1.73)mV,载药量分别为DOX(10.13±0.71)%和ppH(1.22±0.21)%,显示出良好的分散性和稳定性。透射电镜结果进一步证实其无明显团聚现象,为后续体外活性研究奠定了基础。
细胞实验表明,DOX/ppH-LPs对A549细胞的增殖抑制作用显著强于游离药物组合(ppH+DOX/LPs),其IC50值为(4.49±0.06)μg/mL,较后者降低约59%。荧光显微镜观察显示,DOX/ppH-LPs在A549细胞中的摄取量显著增加,且能有效抑制细胞的克隆形成、迁移和侵袭能力。活/死细胞染色及Transwell实验进一步证实,DOX/ppH-LPs可诱导细胞凋亡并抑制其转移潜能,体现了ppH 靶向递送与DOX化疗的协同抗肿瘤效应。
DOX/ppH-LPs的协同抗肿瘤机制可能涉及三方面:首先,ppH作为Glut1的底物类似物,通过受体介导的内吞作用引导DOX进入细胞,提高胞内药物浓度[17-18];其次,ppH自身的抗肿瘤活性可与DOX产生协同,增强对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用[13,19];此外,ppH可能通过调节细胞代谢途径和信号传导通路,间接增强DOX的抗肿瘤效果,从而降低药物用量和副作用[20]。
与已报道的其他靶向脂质体相比,DOX/ppH-LPs在靶向性、药物载荷量及抗肿瘤活性等方面表现出显著优势。ppH作为天然产物,具有来源广泛、制备简单、生物相容性好等特点,其作为脂质体膜材不仅赋予载体主动靶向功能,还能与化疗药物产生协同效应,为临床抗肿瘤治疗提供了新的选择。此外,DOX/ppH-LPs的酸敏释药特性可实现肿瘤微环境的精准药物释放,有助于提高疗效并降低全身毒性,展现出良好的临床转化潜力。

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2025年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504089
  • 接收时间:2025-04-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-22
  • 修回日期:2025-06-13
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    1联勤保障部队第九六七医院,卫勤处,辽宁 大连
    2联勤保障部队第九六七医院,急诊医学科,辽宁 大连
    3陆军第七十九集团军医院药剂科,辽宁 大连
    4北部战区总医院药剂科,辽宁 沈阳
    5联勤保障部队第九六七医院,药剂科,辽宁 大连

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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