Article(id=1322190318204732078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190316019499694, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504113, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745683200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-27, revisedDate=1747584000000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793164336968, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1756483200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793164336968, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793164336968, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793164336968, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322190316019499694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1825', pageEnd='1980', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756483200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793164336447, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793164553187, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322191225206198613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190316019499694, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322191225206198614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190316019499694, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1913, endPage=1922, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322190318422835887, articleId=1322190318204732078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Target prediction and preliminary validation of quercetin in treatment of endometriosis, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate the multi-target mechanisms of quercetin in treating endometriosis (EMT) through integrative network pharmacology analysis.

Methods‍

Active targets of quercetin were collected from the TCMSP database, while EMT-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. A comparative analysis was conducted to pinpoint potential therapeutic targets of quercetin for EMT treatment. Functional enrichment analyses were employed to investigate the biological functions associated with these targets, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was conducted to identify core targets. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed to validate the binding characteristics between quercetin and the core targets. The top 2 target protein pairs, HSP90AB1 and AR, exhibiting the lowest binding energy, were selected for subsequent cellular experimental validation. Human EMT-immortalized ectopic endometrial epithelial cell line 12Z (n=6, independent replicates) was subjected, and CCK-8 assay was used to determine ehe effects of quercetin on cell viability and proliferation, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated at 48 h after treatment. Then the 12Z cells were treated with quercetin at a concentration gradient of 0, 30, 60 and 90 μmol/L, the migration and invasion abilities were assessed with cell scratch and cell invasion assays. Western blotting was conducted to detect the changes in the expression of HSP90AB1 and AR proteins after different doses of treatment.

Results‍

There were 49 potential EMT-related therapeutic targets and 10 core targets identified. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that these targets were significant enriched in inflammation-related signaling pathways, including AGE-RAGE, ErbB and TNF; immune-related pathways, such as Th17 cell differentiation, T/B cell receptor signaling; angiogenesis-related pathways like VEGF; and hormonal regulatory pathways involving estrogen and GnRH. Molecular docking demonstrated that quercetin exhibited favorable binding activity (binding energy <-5 kcal/mol) with all core target proteins, with particularly strong binding energies (<-7 kcal/mol) observed for AR, EGFR, FOS, ERBB2, and HSP90AB1. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that quercetin forms sustained hydrogen bond interactions with AR and HSP90AB1, facilitating the formation of stable complexes. CCK-8 assay, cell scratch assay, and transwell invasion assay indicated that quercetin inhibited the proliferative activity, and migrative and invasive abilities of 12Z cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with more pronounced inhibitory effects observed at 60 and 90 μmol/L quercetin (P<0.001); Western blotting revealed that treatment of 12Z cells with varying quercetin concentrations for 48 h up-regulated the expression of HSP90AB1 and AR, with the most significant increase observed at 90 μmol/L quercetin (HSP90AB1, P<0.05; AR, P<0.001). The restored expression levels of HSP90AB1 and AR showed positive correlations with the proliferative activity, migrative and invasive abilities of ectopic endometrial cells.

Conclusion‍

Quercetin effectively addresses endometriosis through multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways, and stabilization of the HSP90AB1/AR complex and subsequent protein upregulation represents a key therapeutic mechanism.

, authors=Yi ZHANG1, Lulu WU2, Li TANG1, Jiao CUI1, Wanjing YUAN1, Wenying GONG1, Jiao ZHU1, Xiuwei LYU3, authorsList=Yi ZHANG, Lulu WU, Li TANG, Jiao CUI, Wanjing YUAN, Wenying GONG, Jiao ZHU, Xiuwei LYU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiuwei LYU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322190319572075192, articleId=1322190318204732078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=槲皮素治疗子宫内膜异位症的靶点预测及初步鉴定, columnId=1322185528879993170, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于网络药理学整合分析探讨槲皮素治疗子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMT)的多靶点作用机制。

方法

通过TCMSP数据库收集槲皮素活性靶点,GEO数据库筛选EMT差异基因,比对获得槲皮素治疗EMT的潜在作用靶点;采用功能富集分析探讨靶点的生物学功能,构建蛋白质互作网络识别核心靶点。通过分子对接及分子动力学模拟验证槲皮素-靶蛋白结合特性。选择结合能最小的前两对靶蛋白(HSP90AB1、AR)进行细胞实验验证:采用人源EMT永生化异位内膜上皮细胞系12Z(n=6),通过CCK-8法测定槲皮素对12Z细胞活力的影响,计算48 h的半数抑制浓度(half inhibitory concentration,IC50);设置槲皮素浓度梯度(0、30、60、90 μmol/L),通过划痕实验、细胞侵袭实验评估迁移、侵袭能力;Western blot检测HSP90AB1、AR蛋白表达变化。

结果

筛选获得49个槲皮素治疗EMT的潜在靶点及10个核心靶点。功能富集显示,靶点显著富集于AGE-RAGE、ErbB及TNF等炎症相关信号通路,Th17细胞分化、T细胞受体及B细胞受体等免疫相关信号通路,VEGF等血管生成相关通路,雌激素及GnRH等激素调控通路。分子对接表明,槲皮素与所有核心靶蛋白之间均呈现良好的结合活性(<-5 kcal/mol),其中AR、EGFR、FOS、ERBB2、HSP90AB1的结合能尤为显著(<-7 kcal/mol)。分子动力学模拟显示,槲皮素与AR、HSP90AB1之间形成持续的氢键相互作用,可形成稳定的复合物。CCK-8实验、划痕实验、细胞侵袭实验提示槲皮素呈浓度依赖性地抑制12Z细胞的-活力及迁移、侵袭能力,其中60、90 μmol/L槲皮素抑制效果更佳(P<0.001);Western blot实验显示不同浓度槲皮素处理12Z细胞48 h,HSP90AB1蛋白及AR蛋白表达升高,其中90 μmol/L槲皮素最为明显(HSP90AB1蛋白:P<0.05;AR蛋白:P<0.001),且HSP90AB1/AR表达水平恢复与异位内膜细胞的活力及迁移、侵袭能力呈正相关。

结论

槲皮素可通过多靶点、多途径治疗子宫内膜异位症,其中稳定HSP90AB1/AR复合物并增强其蛋白表达是重要机制之一。

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吕秀玮,Email:
LYU Xiuwei,E-mail:
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Reprod Sci,2017,24(10):1454-1461., articleTitle=Androgens upregulate endometrial epithelial progesterone receptor expression:potential implications for endometriosis, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322190319819539129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190319827927738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, companyId=1322190319819539129, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha,Hunan), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190319836316347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, companyId=1322190319819539129, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1湖南中医药大学第二附属医院,湖南 长沙)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322190319920202428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190319928591037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, companyId=1322190319920202428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2the Central Hospital of Wuhan,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190319936979646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, companyId=1322190319920202428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉中心医院,湖北 武汉)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322190320037642943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190320050225856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, companyId=1322190320037642943, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Rocket Force Medical Center of PLA,Beijing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190320058614465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, companyId=1322190320037642943, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3火箭军特色医学中心,北京)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322190324215169778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Effect of quercetin on the viability of 12Z cells, figureFileSmall=IuDs1jUG2qSIlxdltnDChw==, figureFileBig=+cv7xgZNLGarh1w23K//Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190324290667251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, language=CN, label=图1, caption=槲皮素对12Z细胞活力的影响

A:Effects of quercetin at different concentrations on cell survival rate of 12Z cells after 24 h treatment; B:Effect of different concentration and time on the survival rate of 12Z cells; C:IC50 of 12Z cells treated with quercetin for 48 h. a::P<0.001 vs 0 μmol/L group

, figureFileSmall=IuDs1jUG2qSIlxdltnDChw==, figureFileBig=+cv7xgZNLGarh1w23K//Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190324529742580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=The effect of quercetin on the migration ability of 12Z cells, figureFileSmall=IxnwuG6UEACUQHjU2X3Jlw==, figureFileBig=moGLz3EwmKWoaaCoxYlFjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190324605240053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, language=CN, label=图2, caption=槲皮素对12Z细胞迁移的影响

A:wound-healing plot of 12Z cells treated with quercetin at different concentrations for 0 and 48 h; B:migration area of 12Z cells after quercetin treatment. a:P<0.001 vs 0 μmol/L group

, figureFileSmall=IxnwuG6UEACUQHjU2X3Jlw==, figureFileBig=moGLz3EwmKWoaaCoxYlFjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190324689126134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effect of quercetin on the invasive ability of 12Z cells, figureFileSmall=RWgtnfqHYLDVUMgbf1wVJg==, figureFileBig=D/9w4zKeyf0rS0L47kVUaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190324756234999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, language=CN, label=图3, caption=槲皮素对12Z细胞侵袭能力的影响

A:invasive images of 12Z cells after 48 h of quercetin treatment; B:invasive ability of 12Z cells after quercetin treatment. a:P<0.001 vs 0 μmol/L group

, figureFileSmall=RWgtnfqHYLDVUMgbf1wVJg==, figureFileBig=D/9w4zKeyf0rS0L47kVUaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190324827538168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effect of quercetin on the expression of HSP90AB1 and AR in 12Z cells, figureFileSmall=CirkNIajbFW1zkktJfxzeA==, figureFileBig=hGEApWNAz7hiKf3wo7o6zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190324924007161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, language=CN, label=图4, caption=槲皮素对12细胞中HSP90AB1、AR蛋白表达的影响

A:Western blotting results of HSP90AB1 and AR in 12Z cells; B:expression of HSP90AB1 protein; C:expression of AR. a:P<0.05,b:P<0.001 vs 0 μmol/L group

, figureFileSmall=CirkNIajbFW1zkktJfxzeA==, figureFileBig=hGEApWNAz7hiKf3wo7o6zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190326677226234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Molecular docking energy of receptor and drug ligand

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Receptor gene targetPDB IDDrug ligandBinding energy
/(kcal/mol)
CDKN1A5E0UQuercetin-4.7
JUN1JNMQuercetin-5.5
EGF1NQLQuercetin-5.8
IL1A5UC6Quercetin-6.6
CCL21DOKQuercetin-7.6
ERBB23MZWQuercetin-8.0
FOS1A02Quercetin-8.1
EGFR2ITNQuercetin-8.3
AR1T65Quercetin-8.6
HSP90AB11UYMQuercetin-9.5
), ArticleFig(id=1322190326756918011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190318204732078, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

分子对接能量表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Receptor gene targetPDB IDDrug ligandBinding energy
/(kcal/mol)
CDKN1A5E0UQuercetin-4.7
JUN1JNMQuercetin-5.5
EGF1NQLQuercetin-5.8
IL1A5UC6Quercetin-6.6
CCL21DOKQuercetin-7.6
ERBB23MZWQuercetin-8.0
FOS1A02Quercetin-8.1
EGFR2ITNQuercetin-8.3
AR1T65Quercetin-8.6
HSP90AB11UYMQuercetin-9.5
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槲皮素治疗子宫内膜异位症的靶点预测及初步鉴定
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张翼 1 , 吴璐璐 2 , 唐俐 1 , 崔姣 1 , 袁婉靖 1 , 龚文英 1 , 朱姣 1 , 吕秀玮 3
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学 2025,47(16): 1913-1922
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陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学 2025 , 47 (16) : 1913 -1922
槲皮素治疗子宫内膜异位症的靶点预测及初步鉴定
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张翼1, 吴璐璐2, 唐俐1, 崔姣1, 袁婉靖1, 龚文英1, 朱姣1, 吕秀玮3
作者信息
  • 1湖南中医药大学第二附属医院,湖南 长沙
  • 2华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉中心医院,湖北 武汉
  • 3火箭军特色医学中心,北京
通讯作者:
吕秀玮,Email:
LYU Xiuwei,E-mail:
Target prediction and preliminary validation of quercetin in treatment of endometriosis
Yi ZHANG1, Lulu WU2, Li TANG1, Jiao CUI1, Wanjing YUAN1, Wenying GONG1, Jiao ZHU1, Xiuwei LYU3
Affiliations
  • 1the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha,Hunan
  • 2the Central Hospital of Wuhan,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei
  • 3Rocket Force Medical Center of PLA,Beijing,China
出版时间: 2025-08-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504113
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目的

基于网络药理学整合分析探讨槲皮素治疗子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMT)的多靶点作用机制。

方法

通过TCMSP数据库收集槲皮素活性靶点,GEO数据库筛选EMT差异基因,比对获得槲皮素治疗EMT的潜在作用靶点;采用功能富集分析探讨靶点的生物学功能,构建蛋白质互作网络识别核心靶点。通过分子对接及分子动力学模拟验证槲皮素-靶蛋白结合特性。选择结合能最小的前两对靶蛋白(HSP90AB1、AR)进行细胞实验验证:采用人源EMT永生化异位内膜上皮细胞系12Z(n=6),通过CCK-8法测定槲皮素对12Z细胞活力的影响,计算48 h的半数抑制浓度(half inhibitory concentration,IC50);设置槲皮素浓度梯度(0、30、60、90 μmol/L),通过划痕实验、细胞侵袭实验评估迁移、侵袭能力;Western blot检测HSP90AB1、AR蛋白表达变化。

结果

筛选获得49个槲皮素治疗EMT的潜在靶点及10个核心靶点。功能富集显示,靶点显著富集于AGE-RAGE、ErbB及TNF等炎症相关信号通路,Th17细胞分化、T细胞受体及B细胞受体等免疫相关信号通路,VEGF等血管生成相关通路,雌激素及GnRH等激素调控通路。分子对接表明,槲皮素与所有核心靶蛋白之间均呈现良好的结合活性(<-5 kcal/mol),其中AR、EGFR、FOS、ERBB2、HSP90AB1的结合能尤为显著(<-7 kcal/mol)。分子动力学模拟显示,槲皮素与AR、HSP90AB1之间形成持续的氢键相互作用,可形成稳定的复合物。CCK-8实验、划痕实验、细胞侵袭实验提示槲皮素呈浓度依赖性地抑制12Z细胞的-活力及迁移、侵袭能力,其中60、90 μmol/L槲皮素抑制效果更佳(P<0.001);Western blot实验显示不同浓度槲皮素处理12Z细胞48 h,HSP90AB1蛋白及AR蛋白表达升高,其中90 μmol/L槲皮素最为明显(HSP90AB1蛋白:P<0.05;AR蛋白:P<0.001),且HSP90AB1/AR表达水平恢复与异位内膜细胞的活力及迁移、侵袭能力呈正相关。

结论

槲皮素可通过多靶点、多途径治疗子宫内膜异位症,其中稳定HSP90AB1/AR复合物并增强其蛋白表达是重要机制之一。

子宫内膜异位症  /  槲皮素  /  分子对接  /  雄激素受体
Objective‍

To investigate the multi-target mechanisms of quercetin in treating endometriosis (EMT) through integrative network pharmacology analysis.

Methods‍

Active targets of quercetin were collected from the TCMSP database, while EMT-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. A comparative analysis was conducted to pinpoint potential therapeutic targets of quercetin for EMT treatment. Functional enrichment analyses were employed to investigate the biological functions associated with these targets, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was conducted to identify core targets. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed to validate the binding characteristics between quercetin and the core targets. The top 2 target protein pairs, HSP90AB1 and AR, exhibiting the lowest binding energy, were selected for subsequent cellular experimental validation. Human EMT-immortalized ectopic endometrial epithelial cell line 12Z (n=6, independent replicates) was subjected, and CCK-8 assay was used to determine ehe effects of quercetin on cell viability and proliferation, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated at 48 h after treatment. Then the 12Z cells were treated with quercetin at a concentration gradient of 0, 30, 60 and 90 μmol/L, the migration and invasion abilities were assessed with cell scratch and cell invasion assays. Western blotting was conducted to detect the changes in the expression of HSP90AB1 and AR proteins after different doses of treatment.

Results‍

There were 49 potential EMT-related therapeutic targets and 10 core targets identified. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that these targets were significant enriched in inflammation-related signaling pathways, including AGE-RAGE, ErbB and TNF; immune-related pathways, such as Th17 cell differentiation, T/B cell receptor signaling; angiogenesis-related pathways like VEGF; and hormonal regulatory pathways involving estrogen and GnRH. Molecular docking demonstrated that quercetin exhibited favorable binding activity (binding energy <-5 kcal/mol) with all core target proteins, with particularly strong binding energies (<-7 kcal/mol) observed for AR, EGFR, FOS, ERBB2, and HSP90AB1. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that quercetin forms sustained hydrogen bond interactions with AR and HSP90AB1, facilitating the formation of stable complexes. CCK-8 assay, cell scratch assay, and transwell invasion assay indicated that quercetin inhibited the proliferative activity, and migrative and invasive abilities of 12Z cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with more pronounced inhibitory effects observed at 60 and 90 μmol/L quercetin (P<0.001); Western blotting revealed that treatment of 12Z cells with varying quercetin concentrations for 48 h up-regulated the expression of HSP90AB1 and AR, with the most significant increase observed at 90 μmol/L quercetin (HSP90AB1, P<0.05; AR, P<0.001). The restored expression levels of HSP90AB1 and AR showed positive correlations with the proliferative activity, migrative and invasive abilities of ectopic endometrial cells.

Conclusion‍

Quercetin effectively addresses endometriosis through multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways, and stabilization of the HSP90AB1/AR complex and subsequent protein upregulation represents a key therapeutic mechanism.

endometriosis  /  quercetin  /  molecular docking  /  androgen receptor
张翼, 吴璐璐, 唐俐, 崔姣, 袁婉靖, 龚文英, 朱姣, 吕秀玮. 槲皮素治疗子宫内膜异位症的靶点预测及初步鉴定. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (16) : 1913 -1922 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504113
Yi ZHANG, Lulu WU, Li TANG, Jiao CUI, Wanjing YUAN, Wenying GONG, Jiao ZHU, Xiuwei LYU. Target prediction and preliminary validation of quercetin in treatment of endometriosis[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (16) : 1913 -1922 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504113
子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMT)作为具有恶性侵袭特性的良性雌激素依赖性炎性疾病,其特征是功能性子宫内膜腺体和间质在子宫体外异常生长。该病症临床主要表现为痛经、慢性盆腔疼痛、性交痛及不孕等,累及全球10%~15%的育龄期女性(约1.9亿人口),严重影响患者生活质量[1]。
目前针对EMT临床上尚缺乏根治方案,常规策略包括药物保守治疗缓解临床症状、延缓疾病进展及通过手术切除可见异位病灶等干预措施。然而,现有治疗手段存在复发率高的治疗瓶颈,这一临床痛点亟待突破性治疗策略的研发。在创新药物研发领域,天然产物始终是重要先导化合物来源。槲皮素作为广泛存在于药用植物的黄酮醇类化合物,其具有的抗炎、促肿瘤细胞增殖抑制及转移阻断[2]等多重药理活性,对EMT具有潜在的治疗价值。鉴于目前针对槲皮素治疗子宫内膜异位症的作用机制研究相对有限,本研究通过整合网络药理学预测关键靶点及信号通路,结合分子对接、分子动力学模拟及细胞实验验证体系,系统阐明槲皮素的治疗效应,旨在为EMT的靶点治疗提供新策略。
人源子宫内膜异位症永生化异位内膜上皮细胞12Z(#CTCC-001-0695)购自浙江美森细胞科技有限公司;CCK-8试剂盒(#BCCK0500)购自武汉贝茵莱生物科技有限公司;DMEM/F12培养基(#SH30023.01)购自美国Hyclone公司;胎牛血清(# 10270-106)购自美国Gibco公司;HSP90AB1抗体(#bsm-61128R)、GAPDH(#bs-13282R)购自北京博奥森生物技术有限公司;AR抗体(#PL0402135)购自深圳豪地华拓生物科技有限公司。
利用TCMSP数据库(https://old.tcmsp-e.com/index.php)获取槲皮素的药物靶点蛋白。
通过本团队既往的工作[3],从GEO数据库 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)中下载基因表达数据集GSE5108、GSE11691、GSE25628、GSE134056,其包含27例异位内膜及28例普通内膜的mRNA表达数据。设立|log2(foldchange)|>0.585及P. value<0.05为识别差异基因的标准,获取EMT相关的疾病靶基因。
比对上述的槲皮素药物靶标及EMT相关靶基因并取交集,获得槲皮素治疗EMT潜在作用靶点,并利用R 4.3.2绘制venn图。
将潜在作用靶点输入string数据库(https://cn.string-db.org/)中,其中种属中选择人属(Homo sapiens),最低交互分数选择high confidence(0.7),并隐藏无关系的靶点,其他参数保持默认设置,获得PPI网络,并导入Cytoscape 3.8.0中,使用CytoHubba插件获得核心基因网络图。
使用R 4.3.2中的“cluster Profile”包对潜在作用靶点进行基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析,以P<0.05筛选符合条件的条目,并使用R 4.3.2中的“ggplot”包进行可视化分析。
将槲皮素与核心靶点作为研究对象进行分子对接验证,从PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)中下载槲皮素的化合物结构文件,使用Chem3D 21.0.0.8软件基于MM2方法进行结构能量优化。蛋白质晶体文件从UniProt数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/)中获得,使用PyMOL删去各靶点蛋白原有配体与水分子,使用Autodock Tools 1.5.7添加氢键并计算Gasteiger电荷。预处理完成后使用AutoDock Vina 1.2.5进行分子对接。通过PyMOL 2.5.2、Autodock Tools 1.5.7等软件进行可视化分析。
取结合能最小的前两对基因靶点受体-药物配体进行分子动力学模拟。使用Gromacs 2022对复合物进行100 ns MD模拟。蛋白质采用CHARMM 36力场参数,配体拓扑结构由GAFF2力场参数构建。采用周期性边界条件,将蛋白质-配体复合物放置在立方盒中。采用TIP3P水模型将水分子填充到盒子中。使用粒子网格 Ewald(PME)和 Verlet 算法分别处理静电相互作用。随后进行100 000 步的等温等容系综平衡和等温等压系综平衡,耦合常数为 0.1 ps,持续时间为 100 ps 范德华和库仑相互作用均使用 1.0 nm 的截止值计算。最后,系统在恒定温度(300 K)和恒压(100 kPa)下利用Gromacs 2022进行分子动力学模拟,共计时长100 ns。
12Z细胞用含10%胎牛血清,1%青霉素-链霉素的DMEM/F12培养基,于含有5%CO2的37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养。每隔2 d更换1次培养液,当细胞融合度为80%时用胰酶消化传代。本研究共进行6次独立重复的细胞实验。
选择结合能最小的前两对槲皮素核心靶点进行细胞实验验证。采用CCK-8法测定不同浓度的相应药物成分对12Z细胞活力的影响:将12Z细胞(1×104 个/孔)接种到96孔板中,待细胞贴壁后,弃去培养基,分别加入不同浓度的槲皮素(0、30、60、90、120、150、180 μmol/L),于培养箱中培养24、48、72 h,各孔加入10 μL CCK-8 溶液,温育30 min后通过酶标仪测定450 nm处细胞吸收,计算细胞存活率及半数抑制浓度(half inhibitory concentration,IC50),根据IC50值设置后续实验相关低、中、高给药浓度。
采用Marker笔在6孔板背后均匀划横线,每隔0.5 cm间距划一道,横穿过孔,在孔中加入5×105 个12Z细胞,待细胞贴壁生长后,采用200 μL枪头垂直于6孔板背后的横线划痕,加入不同浓度槲皮素,加入37 ℃,5 %CO2培养箱中培养,观察0、48 h后划痕愈合程度。
在Transwell小室涂满基质胶,干燥后将12Z细胞接种于上室,下室加入完全培养基,48 h培养,甲醛固定,结晶紫染色。显微镜下观察,统计侵袭细胞数量。
将低、中、高给药浓度槲皮素分别处理12Z细胞48 h,取各细胞提取总蛋白,采用 BCA 试剂盒测定蛋白浓度。将30 μg总蛋白经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(恒定电压 80 V,35 min 后120 V 电泳 60 min)后,转移到 NC 膜上,用5 %脱脂奶粉室温封闭1 h,加入HSP90AB1抗体(1∶2 000)、AR抗体(1∶500)及GAPDH抗体(1∶2 000),4 ℃孵育过夜,TBST (含 0.1 % Tween-20 的 PBS 缓冲液) 缓冲液漂洗3次后,二抗室温孵育 1 h,TBST 缓冲液漂洗3次,用光学发光仪扫描显影后,使用 Image Pro Plus 6. 0软件分析。
研究中所得数据经过GraphPad Prism 8软件处理。若数据符合正态分布,采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA);若数据不符合正态分布,则采用非参数检验进行统计分析,P<0.05视为差异有统计学意义。
从TCMSP数据库中获得138个槲皮素靶标,与本团队既往工作获得的5 312 EMT差异基因进行比对,获得49个槲皮素治疗EMT的潜在作用靶点。
经GO富集分析获筛选出695个显著条目,按功能类别划分为生物学过程(biological process,BP)628条,细胞组分(cellular component,CC)17条及分子功能(molecular function,MF)50条。基于P.adjust值与显著性水平呈负相关的统计学特征,选取各维度显著性前10位条目进行可视化呈现。可视化结果显示,槲皮素干预EMT的关键生物学过程主要涉及上皮细胞增殖调控、酮代谢应答及氧稳态响应(包括对缺氧、氧化应激及氧浓度变化的级联反应)等重要生理反应。细胞组分层面显著富集于线粒体外膜、细胞器膜系统(外膜与内质网腔)及Bcl-2家族蛋白复合体等功能单位。分子功能维度则集中体现为核受体激活、配体依赖性转录调控(转录共调节因子结合与DNA结合转录因子互作)、生长因子结合及氧化还原酶活性等生化特性。
在KEGG富集分析中,112条显著通路主要涵盖AGE-RAGE、ErbB、IL-17、HIF-1及TNF等炎症相关信号通路,同时涉及Th17细胞分化、T细胞受体、B细胞受体等免疫调控相关信号通路,VEGF等血管生成相关通路,凋亡调控网络,雌激素信号级联,P13K-Akt信号通路以及p53依赖性细胞周期调控通路等关键病理生理机制。
基于STRING数据库构建槲皮素治疗EMT的49 个潜在作用靶点蛋白质相互作用网络(图3A)。采用Cytoscape平台CytoHubba插件进行拓扑分析,筛选出10个枢纽基因:雄激素受体(Androgen receptor,AR)、热休克蛋白90α家族B1类(Heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B1,HSP90AB1)、酪氨酸激酶受体2(v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2,ERBB2)、原癌基因蛋白JUN、表皮生长因子受体(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor,EGFR)、趋化因子配体2(chemokine ligands 2,CCL2)、白细胞介素1α(interleukin 1 alpha,IL1A)、原癌基因FOS、表皮生长因子(Epidermal Growth Factor,EGF)、周期蛋白依赖激酶抑制因子1A(cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1A,CDKN1A)。
通过分子对接技术评估10个核心靶点蛋白与槲皮素的结合特性,配体-受体复合物稳定性与结合能呈负相关,即结合能越低(<0 kcal/mol)表明自发结合可能性越大,结合能<-5 kcal/mol提示配体-受体显著结合活性,而<-7 cal/mol则表明配体-受体具有强效结合活性。分子对接结果表明,所有核心靶点与槲皮素的自由结合能均低于0 kcal/mol,其中,CCL2、ERBB2、FOS、EGFR、HSP90AB1及AR6个靶点的结合能更是达到强效结合阈值(表1)。选取结合能最优的前5组靶点-配体复合物进行三维可视化呈现,进一步从结构生物学层面揭示了槲皮素治疗子宫内膜异位症的潜在分子机制。
均方根偏差(root mean square deviation,RMSD)是衡量蛋白质和配体构象稳定性的良好指标,也是衡量原子位置与起始位置偏差程度的指标。偏差越小,构象稳定性越好。因此,利用RMSD对仿真系统的平衡性进行了评估。两组复合物体系的RMSD值在运动前期上下波动,并在60 ns后达到平衡,最终在1.9 Å上下波动。表明这两组复合物均发生了构象运动,并最终达到稳定。进一步分析发现,两组复合物回旋半径(radius of gyration,Rg)值及溶剂可及表面积(solvent accessible surface area,SASA)波动始终较为稳定,说明靶蛋白-小分子复合物在模拟过程中始终保持稳定紧凑。氢键在配体与蛋白质的结合中起着重要的作用。动力学过程中的小分子与靶蛋白之间的氢键数量如图5D所示,HSP90AB1复合物的氢键数量从0~6,而Quercetin-AR复合物的氢键数量从0~4。这进一步表明Quercetin与HSP90AB1和AR具有良好的氢键作用。均方根涨落(Root mean square fuctuation,RMSF)可以表示蛋白质中氨基酸残基的柔性大小。如图5E-F所示,这两种复合物的RMSF值相对较低 (大多在0.6~2 Å之间),因此其灵活性较低,稳定性较高。
综上所述,小分子Quercetin与HSP90AB1和AR靶蛋白的结合稳定,且两种复合物均具有良好的氢键作用。因此,小分子与两种靶蛋白结合作用良好。
自由能形貌图(free energy landscape,FEL)采用自由能变化的可视化表示来探索分子能量景观和蛋白质配体相互作用。能量最小值表示稳定状态,而最大值表示构象变化的障碍。这种方法能够预测配体结合亲和力和阐明分子识别机制。在 Quercetin-HSP90AB1复合物能量最低点处构象中,受体上ASN51、ASN51和LEU103与小分子形成了氢键。LEU107与小分子直接表现出π-烷基作用相互作用。在 Quercetin-AR复合物能量最低点处构象中,受体上LEU873和MET745与小分子形成了氢键作用。受体上THR877与小分子形成了碳氢键作用。受体上MET745与小分子表现出π-硫相互作用。
随后,利用配合物的结合构象,用MM/PBSA法计算了小分子与Quercetin-HSP90AB1和 Quercetin-AR靶蛋白的结合自由能。小分子与Quercetin-HSP90AB1和 Quercetin-AR靶蛋白的结合自由能分别为-123.747 kJ/mol和 -154.296 kJ/mol、负值表明该分子对目标蛋白具有结合亲和力,值越低表明结合越强。因此,配体与AR靶蛋白具有更高的亲和力。随后,本研究进一步计算分析了在 Quercetin-AR/小分子复合物体系中对小分子结合有重要贡献的氨基酸。结果表明,Quercetin-AR小分子复合物中,小分子可与残基LEU704、MET745和PHE764产生相互作用。这表明这些氨基酸残基可能在催化过程中起重要作用。
CCK-8法测定不同浓度的槲皮素对12Z细胞活力的影响:在12Z细胞中,30、60、90、120、150、180 μmol/L的槲皮素处理12Z细胞,24 h生存率明显下降,与阴性对照组相比,统计有明显差异(P<0.001),且处理时间越长,存活率越低(图1A、B)。根据生存率,计算出48 h IC50值为64.53 μmol/L(图1C),根据IC50值设置后续实验相关低、中、高给药浓度为30 μmol/L组(低剂量组)、60 μmol/L组(中剂量组)、90 μmol/L组(高剂量组)。
根据IC50结果,选取30、60、90 μmol/L的槲皮素处理12Z细胞48 h。处理后,槲皮素组的迁移面积较对照组均有所下降,且呈浓度依赖性。与对照组比较,高剂量槲皮素组对12Z细胞的迁移能力抑制最为明显(P<0.001,图2)。
经过细胞侵袭实验,我们可以发现槲皮素可抑制12Z细胞的侵袭能力,且作用效果呈浓度依赖性。与对照组比较,高剂量槲皮素组对12Z细胞的侵袭能力抑制最为明显,差异具有统计学意义(图3)。
与对照组比较,槲皮素高剂量组的HSP90AB1蛋白相对表达量升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,槲皮素组的AR蛋白相对表达量均上升,且中、高剂量的AR蛋白相对表达量显著升高(P<0.001),见图4。
子宫内膜异位症作为具有恶性生物学行为的良性妇科疾病,其发病机制尚未完全阐明,经血逆流学说是EMT最广为接受的发病机制,即经血通过输卵管逆流到盆腹腔,并在盆腹腔内种植,形成子宫内膜异位症[4]。其中异位内膜黏附侵袭、激素调节、炎症调控及免疫调节等多种因素均可促进EMT的发生发展。
根据该理论,子宫内膜黏附于细胞外基质是EMT发生的初始环节,该过程涉及多重信号通路调控:间隙链接与胞吞作用形成的细胞间通道可增强异位内膜细胞与免疫细胞间的病理交互[5];而鞘脂信号通路和PPAR信号通路[6]的传导失调则会促进纤维化进程并增强细胞侵袭能力。在异位内膜的缺氧微环境中,HIF-1α/β-catenin/T细胞因子信号轴的激活显著上调血管内皮生长因子及基质金属蛋白酶9的表达水平,从而强化细胞的侵袭特性[7]。
KEGG分析表明,槲皮素可能通过间隙连接、胞吞作用、黏附连接、黏着斑、HIF-1信号通路、鞘脂信号通路、PPAR信号通路等干预EMT的黏附侵袭过程。实验研究证实:槲皮素通过激活PPARγ调控小鼠EMT模型中MAT2A/PRMT5基因转录活性,显著抑制子宫内膜异位种植[8]。同时,分子机制研究表明,槲皮素可通过抑制MMP-2/-9信号通路遏制子宫腺肌症病灶的迁移侵袭[9]。
大多数女性都会出现经期功能性子宫内膜逆行,但只约10%女性进展为子宫内膜异位症,提示这些女性的免疫系统可能遭受无法完全恢复的破坏[4]。研究证实子宫内膜异位症与炎症密切相关:异位内膜组织中COX-2、IL-1β、IL-8等炎症介质显著升高,同时细胞因子受体信号通路及趋化因子通路明显活跃[10]。这些因子通过促进血管生成和炎症级联反应推动异位内膜的黏附和增殖[10]。异位微环境中的趋化因子、炎症因子通过多重机制重塑免疫应答:①特异性激活B细胞促进病灶纤维化[11];②削弱效应T细胞功能抑制免疫反应[12];③通过CCL20/CCR6趋化轴介导Th17细胞向异位组织迁移,其中IL1β、TNF-α和IL-17A协同促进CCL20的分泌[13],且IL-17A不仅可促进异位细胞有丝分裂,还能激活巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β,并诱导血管内皮生长因子的生成,从而增强异位细胞的增殖和侵袭能力。
本研究发现,槲皮素可通过IL-17信号通路、Th17细胞分化、TOLL样受体信号通路、TNF信号通路等炎症免疫相关通路,改善EMT免疫微环境。多项研究证据支持该结论:槲皮素具有的抗炎、抗氧化的特征,益于炎症和免疫的调节[14];其次,动物实验显示其可通过减少活性氧(ROS)生成、降低TNF-α等炎症因子[15]水平来抑制EMT进展;此外,研究证实槲皮素能增强T细胞功能,抑制巨噬细胞向M2型极化[16],从而改善改善免疫耐受状态。
雌、孕激素的动态平衡对子宫内膜稳态至关重要:雌激素促进内膜增殖,孕激素则拮抗雌激素并启动蜕膜过程。而子宫内膜异位症患者存在对孕激素的抵抗和雌激素的过载[17]。过量的雌激素通过以下机制参与病理进程:①免疫细胞局部浸润引发炎症,促进细胞增殖、血管生成及侵袭转移;②过度表达的ER会抑制TNF介导的细胞凋亡,并加剧炎症[18];③上调神经生长因子(NGF)诱导神经纤维的异常增生引发疼痛[18]。
KEGG分析表明,槲皮素可能通过GnRH、催乳素及雌激素等多条激素相关通路干预EMT。这一预测结果与实验数据吻合:槲皮素与雌激素受体(ERα和ERβ)具有高亲和力,可能通过竞争性结合调控雌激素信号传导[19],从而抑制内膜的异常增殖。动物实验证实其可缩小异位病灶并促进间质细胞蜕膜化,提示对孕酮抵抗有改善作用[20]。
此外,KEGG通路分析提示,槲皮素可能通过VEGF信号通路抑制EMT血管生成,并通过色氨酸代谢、神经营养素信号通路等影响EMT进程。研究显示异位病灶内神经营养因子及其受体的原位合成与疼痛发生密切相关[21]。近年研究指出,槲皮素对慢性疼痛(包括炎症性疼痛和神经病理性疼痛)具有干预作用:通过抑制神经炎症和氧化应激发挥镇痛效应,同时调节突触可塑性、GABA能系统和阿片系统功能。这些作用可能与神经营养因子(如BDNF)的调控相关[22]。
PPI网络分析获得了10个核心基因,分子对接技术研究表明,槲皮素与所有核心靶蛋白之间均呈现良好的结合活性(<-5 kcal/mol),其中AR、EGFR、FOS、ERBB2、HSP90AB1的结合能尤为显著(<-7 kcal/mol)。分子动力学进一步证实,槲皮素与AR、HSP90AB1之间形成持续的氢键相互作用,提示二者可能通过物理结合形成稳定的复合物。HSP90AB1作为热休克蛋白90(HSP90)家族中的组成型表达β亚型,与诱导型热休克蛋白90α (由HSP90AA1基因编码,HSP90α)共同构成分子伴侣复合体,协同参与雄激素受体的构象稳定性及功能调控[23]:在未结合配体状态下,HSP90AB1通过其ATP依赖的构象变化与AR形成复合物,维持其在胞质中的正确折叠和稳定性;当雄激素(如睾酮或DHT)结合后,HSP90AB1驱动AR活化构象,介导AR核转位及转录激活功能。
Western Blot实验显示,槲皮素处理显著上调12Z细胞中HSP90AB1及AR的蛋白表达水平。该发现与分子对接显示的强结合活性构成机制互补:槲皮素-HSP90AB1的结合可能通过增强分子伴侣功能稳定AR构象;而槲皮素-AR复合物形成的物理结合可能通过抵抗蛋白酶体降解途径减少蛋白分解[24]。
临床病理学证据显示,EMT患者内膜组织中的AR表达呈特征性下调,且雄激素水平与盆腔疼痛程度及经期疼痛持续时间呈强负相关[25]。本研究证实槲皮素可有效逆转这种异常表达模式,进一步整合蛋白表达与功能数据发现,HSP90AB1/AR表达水平回升与异位内膜细胞增殖(图2)、迁移(图3)及侵袭(图4)能力的浓度依赖性抑制呈现显著正关联。尽管未直接检测AR核转位效率,但其蛋白积累与功能恢复的同步性提示槲皮素可能通过恢复AR生理功能发挥拮抗EMT进展的功能。机制层面可能涉及:①HSP90AB1/AR复合物稳定雄激素信号传导;②AR介导的雄激素信号增强抑制异位病灶的恶性生物学行为。
动物模型证实雄激素/AR调控子宫内膜修复、基质-上皮细胞互作延缓疾病进程[26]而低雄激素状态可通过多途径加剧EMT进展:①激活IL-1β、IL-6[25]等促炎因子,增强中枢神经免疫环路活性,导致痛觉敏化;②通过病灶微环境中的炎症介质抑制卵巢雄激素合成,形成“炎症-低雄激素”病理级联反应[25];③干扰糖脂代谢相关分子[27](如FOXO1、PEPCK等)的异常表达,致使EMT患者出现类肥胖的代谢特征,其中异常浓度的脂代谢产物(甘油三酯、载脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇)水平与疾病风险呈显著因果关系[28]——此类代谢产物可能通过促炎反应、氧化应激及铁过载机制[29]协同加剧EMT病理进程,并通过干扰类固醇激素合成影响EMT的内膜增殖状态。④削弱雄激素/AR介导的孕激素受体(PR)调控通路,该通路在生理状况下可抑制EMT进展[30]。
本研究阐释了槲皮素治疗EMT的潜在机制:槲皮素通过物理结合稳定HSP90AB1-AR复合物,减少HSP90AB1-AR蛋白降解,恢复AR生理功能,打破了“低雄激素-慢性炎症-脂代谢紊乱”的病理循环,抑制了EMT的进程,这一机制与临床病理特征及实验结果高度吻合。但仍有局限性需进一步研究:首先槲皮素增强HSP90AB1/AR蛋白稳定性的具体机制需深入解析;其次,AR核转位效率及转录活性变化有待验证;此外,动物模型疗效验证及临床样本分析将有助于靶点转化价值确认。未来研究可深入解析HSP90AB1/AR轴与其他信号通路(如炎症、代谢)的交互网络,并基于结构设计优化槲皮素衍生物以提高靶向治疗效力。
综上所述,本研究通过多组学整合分析首次揭示,槲皮素可通过多靶点、多通路治疗子宫内膜异位症,涉及激素调节、免疫炎症、细胞黏附和血管生成等多重机制。结合分子对接、动力学模拟及细胞实验证实,槲皮素与HSP90AB1/AR的强结合活性及其对异位内膜细胞恶性表型的抑制作用,为EMT的治疗提供了新的理论依据。

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2025年第47卷第16期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504113
  • 接收时间:2025-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-08-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-27
  • 修回日期:2025-05-19
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    1湖南中医药大学第二附属医院,湖南 长沙
    2华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉中心医院,湖北 武汉
    3火箭军特色医学中心,北京

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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