Article(id=1322185558663746097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743782400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-05, revisedDate=1747497600000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793163202205, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793163202205, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793163202205, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793163202205, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322185527667839311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1413', pageEnd='1555', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752508800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793163194815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793163440436, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1512, endPage=1521, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322185558881849906, articleId=1322185558663746097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy in third-line treatment of microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of immunotherapy and targeted therapy and chemotherapy in third-line treatment of patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Methods‍

A retrospective cohort trial was conducted on patients with MSS mCRC treated with third-line immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2023. The clinical data were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to analyze progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and other indicators were statistically analyzed to evaluate the clinical efficacy. The incidence and severity of adverse events during the treatment process were recorded to assess the safety.

Results‍

A total of 80 patients were included in the analysis, 55 in the group of immunotherapy plus targeted therapy and 25 in the group of immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy. The group of immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy had significantly longer median PFS (6.3 vs 4.4 months; HR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.35~0.96; P=0.031) and OS (15.5 vs 10.1 months; HR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.27~0.81; P=0.006), and obviously higher ORR (32.0% vs 10.9%; OR=0.26, 95%CI: 0.07~0.79; P=0.021) and DCR (92.0% vs 78.2%; OR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.07~1.52; P=0.132) when compared to the group of immunotherapy plus targeted therapy. The incidence of adverse events at all grade and at grade 3 and above was 96.4% and 32.7% in the group of immunotherapy plus targeted therapy, and 100.0% and 36.0% in the group of immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy, which mainly included bone marrow hematopoietic inhibition, hand-foot skin reaction, liver function impairment and thyroid function abnormality.

Conclusion‍

The triple therapy of immunotherapy plus targeted therapy and chemotherapy is a more effective and safer treatment than the double therapy of immunotherapy plus targeted therapy in treatment of MSS mCRC patients.

, authors=Wensi ZHAO1, Jian SONG2, authorsList=Wensi ZHAO, Jian SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wensi ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322185559729099321, articleId=1322185558663746097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=免疫治疗联合靶向治疗及化疗在微卫星稳定型转移性结直肠癌患者三线治疗中的疗效和安全性, columnId=1322185541475488183, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

评估免疫治疗联合靶向治疗及化疗在微卫星稳定(microsatellite stable,MSS)型转移性结直肠癌(metastatic colorectal cancer,mCRC)患者三线治疗中的疗效和安全性。

方法

本研究为回顾性队列研究,选取2020年1月至2023年12月在武汉大学人民医院肿瘤科接受三线免疫治疗联合靶向及化疗的MSS型mCRC患者为研究对象。收集患者的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制无进展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)和总生存(overall survival,OS)曲线,统计客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)和疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)等指标以评价临床疗效,记录治疗过程中出现的不良反应及严重程度以评估安全性。

结果

共80例患者纳入分析,其中免疫+靶向组55例,免疫+靶向+化疗组25例。与免疫+靶向组相比,免疫+靶向+化疗组的中位PFS(6.3 vs 4.4个月,HR=0.58,95%CI:0.35~0.96,P=0.031)和OS(15.5 vs 10.1个月,HR=0.47,95%CI:0.27~0.81;P=0.006)均更长,ORR(32.0% vs 10.9%,OR=0.26,95%CI:0.07~0.79;P=0.021)和DCR(92.0% vs 78.2%,OR=0.31,95%CI:0.07~1.52,P=0.132)也相对更高。所有级别和3级及以上不良事件发生率在免疫+靶向组为96.4%和32.7%,在免疫+靶向+化疗组为100.0%和36.0%,主要包括骨髓造血功能抑制、手足皮肤反应、肝功能损害和甲状腺功能异常。

结论

免疫联合靶向及化疗的三联疗法相比于免疫联合靶向二联疗法是一种有效且安全的联合治疗方案。

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赵文思,Email:
ZHAO Wensi,E-mail:
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Cell Rep Med,2021,2(9):100383., articleTitle=Regorafenib plus toripalimab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer:a phase Ib/II clinical trial and gut microbiome analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185559943008826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185559951397435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, companyId=1322185559943008826, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185559959786044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, companyId=1322185559943008826, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1武汉大学人民医院:肿瘤科,湖北 武汉)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322185560026894909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185560043672126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, companyId=1322185560026894909, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185560052060735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, companyId=1322185560026894909, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2武汉大学人民医院:药学部,湖北 武汉)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322185564154090068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6E4bXB6mar4+tZMoGH5/rw==, figureFileBig=WxP99kxvMzv6Or7mJmQQfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185564288307797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=CN, label=图1, caption=纳入研究的患者筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=6E4bXB6mar4+tZMoGH5/rw==, figureFileBig=WxP99kxvMzv6Or7mJmQQfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185564628046422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3Z2mPS+ROrxEEltn6SImwg==, figureFileBig=WFvzIH9fObsCWoWSJWsCzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185566314156631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2组患者PFS(A)和OS(B)生存曲线比较, figureFileSmall=3Z2mPS+ROrxEEltn6SImwg==, figureFileBig=WFvzIH9fObsCWoWSJWsCzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185566444180056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lx5B1USo5YhJOpmiaSfQVA==, figureFileBig=ftYSdF/EYvTlDH7VyZEAtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185566624535129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2组患者PFS(A)和OS(B)的亚组分析及森林图, figureFileSmall=lx5B1USo5YhJOpmiaSfQVA==, figureFileBig=ftYSdF/EYvTlDH7VyZEAtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185566788112986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标例数(n=80)免疫+靶向组 (n=55)免疫+靶向+化疗组(n=25)P
年龄/岁57 (50,66)57 (51,67)57 (50,62)0.361
≤6051 (63.8)34 (61.8)17 (68.0)0.594
>6029 (36.2)21 (38.2)8 (32.0)
性别0.214
男性53 (66.2)34 (61.8)19 (76.0)
女性27 (33.8)21 (38.2)6 (24.0)
ECOG PS评分/分0.425
0~173 (91.2)49 (89.1)24 (96.0)
27 (8.8)6 (10.9)1 (4.0)
原发肿瘤部位0.096
左半61 (76.2)39 (70.9)22 (88.0)
右半19 (23.8)16 (29.1)3 (12.0)
转移器官数/个0.251
≥258 (72.5)42 (76.4)16 (64.0)
122 (27.5)13 (23.6)9 (36.0)
肝转移0.191
有53 (66.2)39 (70.9)14 (56.0)
无27 (33.8)16 (29.1)11 (44.0)
肺转移0.695
有41 (51.2)29 (52.7)12 (48.0)
无39 (48.8)26 (47.3)13 (52.0)
RAS/BRAF基因突变状态0.013
突变型32 (40.0)23 (41.8)9 (36.0)
野生型25 (31.2)12 (21.8)13 (52.0)
未知23 (28.8)20 (36.4)3 (12.0)
既往治疗史
手术64 (80.0)43 (78.2)21 (84.0)0.546
化疗80 (100.0)55 (100.0)25 (100.0)>0.999
放疗32 (40.0)22 (40.0)10 (40.0)>0.999
免疫治疗15 (18.8)9 (16.4)6 (24.0)0.538
抗EGFR/VEGF(R)治疗72 (90.0)51 (92.7)21 (84.0)0.249
), ArticleFig(id=1322185568792990299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

80例接受三线免疫联合靶向和/或化疗的结直肠癌患者临床基线资料[M(P25,P75),例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标例数(n=80)免疫+靶向组 (n=55)免疫+靶向+化疗组(n=25)P
年龄/岁57 (50,66)57 (51,67)57 (50,62)0.361
≤6051 (63.8)34 (61.8)17 (68.0)0.594
>6029 (36.2)21 (38.2)8 (32.0)
性别0.214
男性53 (66.2)34 (61.8)19 (76.0)
女性27 (33.8)21 (38.2)6 (24.0)
ECOG PS评分/分0.425
0~173 (91.2)49 (89.1)24 (96.0)
27 (8.8)6 (10.9)1 (4.0)
原发肿瘤部位0.096
左半61 (76.2)39 (70.9)22 (88.0)
右半19 (23.8)16 (29.1)3 (12.0)
转移器官数/个0.251
≥258 (72.5)42 (76.4)16 (64.0)
122 (27.5)13 (23.6)9 (36.0)
肝转移0.191
有53 (66.2)39 (70.9)14 (56.0)
无27 (33.8)16 (29.1)11 (44.0)
肺转移0.695
有41 (51.2)29 (52.7)12 (48.0)
无39 (48.8)26 (47.3)13 (52.0)
RAS/BRAF基因突变状态0.013
突变型32 (40.0)23 (41.8)9 (36.0)
野生型25 (31.2)12 (21.8)13 (52.0)
未知23 (28.8)20 (36.4)3 (12.0)
既往治疗史
手术64 (80.0)43 (78.2)21 (84.0)0.546
化疗80 (100.0)55 (100.0)25 (100.0)>0.999
放疗32 (40.0)22 (40.0)10 (40.0)>0.999
免疫治疗15 (18.8)9 (16.4)6 (24.0)0.538
抗EGFR/VEGF(R)治疗72 (90.0)51 (92.7)21 (84.0)0.249
), ArticleFig(id=1322185568948179548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标免疫+靶向组
(n=55)
免疫+靶向+化疗组(n=25)P
最佳反应
CR00
PR6 (10.9)8 (32.0)
SD37 (67.3)15 (60.0)
PD12 (21.8)2 (8.0)
ORR10.9 (4.5~22.9)32.0 (15.7~53.6)0.021
DCR78.2 (64.6~87.7)92.0 (72.5~98.6)0.132
PFS率0.031
3个月60.0 (48.4~74.5)72.0 (56.4~91.9)
6个月30.9 (20.8~45.9)56.0 (39.6~79.3)
12个月9.1 (3.9~21.0)24.0 (11.9~48.2)
OS率0.006
12个月38.2 (27.3~53.4)67.8 (51.6~88.9)
24个月11.9 (5.7~24.8)37.5 (21.4~66.0)
36个月4.8 (1.3~17.5)31.3 (16.1~61.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1322185570739147357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2组患者临床疗效和生存率的比较[例(%),%(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标免疫+靶向组
(n=55)
免疫+靶向+化疗组(n=25)P
最佳反应
CR00
PR6 (10.9)8 (32.0)
SD37 (67.3)15 (60.0)
PD12 (21.8)2 (8.0)
ORR10.9 (4.5~22.9)32.0 (15.7~53.6)0.021
DCR78.2 (64.6~87.7)92.0 (72.5~98.6)0.132
PFS率0.031
3个月60.0 (48.4~74.5)72.0 (56.4~91.9)
6个月30.9 (20.8~45.9)56.0 (39.6~79.3)
12个月9.1 (3.9~21.0)24.0 (11.9~48.2)
OS率0.006
12个月38.2 (27.3~53.4)67.8 (51.6~88.9)
24个月11.9 (5.7~24.8)37.5 (21.4~66.0)
36个月4.8 (1.3~17.5)31.3 (16.1~61.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1322185570906919518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不良事件免疫+靶向组(n=55)免疫+靶向+化疗组(n=25)
任何级别3级及以上任何级别3级及以上
合计53 (96.4)18 (32.7)25 (100.0)9 (36.0)
免疫相关不良事件21 (38.2)7 (12.7)9 (36.0)4 (16.0)
白细胞减少11 (20.0)3 (5.5)17 (68.0)1 (4.0)
中性粒细胞减少9 (16.4)2 (3.6)8 (32.0)3 (12.0)
贫血6 (10.9)09 (36.0)1 (4.0)
血小板减少15 (27.3)4 (7.3)13 (52.0)2 (8.0)
恶心/呕吐4 (7.3)06 (24.0)0
肝功能损害18 (32.7)5 (9.1)8 (32.0)2 (8.0)
腹泻12 (21.8)2 (3.6)5 (20.0)2 (8.0)
肠梗阻6 (10.9)2 (3.6)1 (4.0)0
输液反应2 (3.6)02 (8.0)1 (4.0)
神经毒性4 (7.3)04 (16.0)0
蛋白尿11 (20.0)2 (3.6)5 (20.0)1 (4.0)
尿潜血6 (10.9)1 (1.8)3 (12.0)0
粪便隐血5 (9.1)03 (12.0)1 (4.0)
高血压6 (10.9)1 (1.8)2 (8.0)0
高血糖5 (9.1)1 (1.8)2 (8.0)1 (4.0)
口腔粘膜炎9 (16.4)1 (1.8)3 (12.0)0
声音嘶哑8 (14.5)03 (12.0)0
手足皮肤反应22 (40.0)2 (3.6)9 (36.0)1 (4.0)
皮疹/红斑8 (14.5)1 (1.8)5 (20.0)1 (4.0)
重症肌无力001 (4.0)1 (4.0)
心功能损害3 (5.5)1 (1.8)2 (8.0)0
甲状腺功能异常18 (32.7)07 (28.0)0
肺炎7 (12.7)2 (3.6)3 (12.0)1 (4.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1322185571053720159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185558663746097, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组患者治疗相关不良反应比较[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不良事件免疫+靶向组(n=55)免疫+靶向+化疗组(n=25)
任何级别3级及以上任何级别3级及以上
合计53 (96.4)18 (32.7)25 (100.0)9 (36.0)
免疫相关不良事件21 (38.2)7 (12.7)9 (36.0)4 (16.0)
白细胞减少11 (20.0)3 (5.5)17 (68.0)1 (4.0)
中性粒细胞减少9 (16.4)2 (3.6)8 (32.0)3 (12.0)
贫血6 (10.9)09 (36.0)1 (4.0)
血小板减少15 (27.3)4 (7.3)13 (52.0)2 (8.0)
恶心/呕吐4 (7.3)06 (24.0)0
肝功能损害18 (32.7)5 (9.1)8 (32.0)2 (8.0)
腹泻12 (21.8)2 (3.6)5 (20.0)2 (8.0)
肠梗阻6 (10.9)2 (3.6)1 (4.0)0
输液反应2 (3.6)02 (8.0)1 (4.0)
神经毒性4 (7.3)04 (16.0)0
蛋白尿11 (20.0)2 (3.6)5 (20.0)1 (4.0)
尿潜血6 (10.9)1 (1.8)3 (12.0)0
粪便隐血5 (9.1)03 (12.0)1 (4.0)
高血压6 (10.9)1 (1.8)2 (8.0)0
高血糖5 (9.1)1 (1.8)2 (8.0)1 (4.0)
口腔粘膜炎9 (16.4)1 (1.8)3 (12.0)0
声音嘶哑8 (14.5)03 (12.0)0
手足皮肤反应22 (40.0)2 (3.6)9 (36.0)1 (4.0)
皮疹/红斑8 (14.5)1 (1.8)5 (20.0)1 (4.0)
重症肌无力001 (4.0)1 (4.0)
心功能损害3 (5.5)1 (1.8)2 (8.0)0
甲状腺功能异常18 (32.7)07 (28.0)0
肺炎7 (12.7)2 (3.6)3 (12.0)1 (4.0)
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免疫治疗联合靶向治疗及化疗在微卫星稳定型转移性结直肠癌患者三线治疗中的疗效和安全性
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赵文思 1 , 宋健 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 临床医学 2025,47(13): 1512-1521
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陆军军医大学学报 |临床医学 2025 , 47 (13) : 1512 -1521
免疫治疗联合靶向治疗及化疗在微卫星稳定型转移性结直肠癌患者三线治疗中的疗效和安全性
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赵文思1 , 宋健2
作者信息
  • 1武汉大学人民医院:肿瘤科,湖北 武汉
  • 2武汉大学人民医院:药学部,湖北 武汉
通讯作者:
赵文思,Email:
ZHAO Wensi,E-mail:
Efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy in third-line treatment of microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer
Wensi ZHAO1 , Jian SONG2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei,China
  • 2Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei,China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504016
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目的

评估免疫治疗联合靶向治疗及化疗在微卫星稳定(microsatellite stable,MSS)型转移性结直肠癌(metastatic colorectal cancer,mCRC)患者三线治疗中的疗效和安全性。

方法

本研究为回顾性队列研究,选取2020年1月至2023年12月在武汉大学人民医院肿瘤科接受三线免疫治疗联合靶向及化疗的MSS型mCRC患者为研究对象。收集患者的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制无进展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)和总生存(overall survival,OS)曲线,统计客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)和疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)等指标以评价临床疗效,记录治疗过程中出现的不良反应及严重程度以评估安全性。

结果

共80例患者纳入分析,其中免疫+靶向组55例,免疫+靶向+化疗组25例。与免疫+靶向组相比,免疫+靶向+化疗组的中位PFS(6.3 vs 4.4个月,HR=0.58,95%CI:0.35~0.96,P=0.031)和OS(15.5 vs 10.1个月,HR=0.47,95%CI:0.27~0.81;P=0.006)均更长,ORR(32.0% vs 10.9%,OR=0.26,95%CI:0.07~0.79;P=0.021)和DCR(92.0% vs 78.2%,OR=0.31,95%CI:0.07~1.52,P=0.132)也相对更高。所有级别和3级及以上不良事件发生率在免疫+靶向组为96.4%和32.7%,在免疫+靶向+化疗组为100.0%和36.0%,主要包括骨髓造血功能抑制、手足皮肤反应、肝功能损害和甲状腺功能异常。

结论

免疫联合靶向及化疗的三联疗法相比于免疫联合靶向二联疗法是一种有效且安全的联合治疗方案。

结直肠癌  /  微卫星稳定  /  免疫治疗  /  靶向治疗  /  化疗
Objective‍

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of immunotherapy and targeted therapy and chemotherapy in third-line treatment of patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Methods‍

A retrospective cohort trial was conducted on patients with MSS mCRC treated with third-line immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2023. The clinical data were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to analyze progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and other indicators were statistically analyzed to evaluate the clinical efficacy. The incidence and severity of adverse events during the treatment process were recorded to assess the safety.

Results‍

A total of 80 patients were included in the analysis, 55 in the group of immunotherapy plus targeted therapy and 25 in the group of immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy. The group of immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy had significantly longer median PFS (6.3 vs 4.4 months; HR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.35~0.96; P=0.031) and OS (15.5 vs 10.1 months; HR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.27~0.81; P=0.006), and obviously higher ORR (32.0% vs 10.9%; OR=0.26, 95%CI: 0.07~0.79; P=0.021) and DCR (92.0% vs 78.2%; OR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.07~1.52; P=0.132) when compared to the group of immunotherapy plus targeted therapy. The incidence of adverse events at all grade and at grade 3 and above was 96.4% and 32.7% in the group of immunotherapy plus targeted therapy, and 100.0% and 36.0% in the group of immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy, which mainly included bone marrow hematopoietic inhibition, hand-foot skin reaction, liver function impairment and thyroid function abnormality.

Conclusion‍

The triple therapy of immunotherapy plus targeted therapy and chemotherapy is a more effective and safer treatment than the double therapy of immunotherapy plus targeted therapy in treatment of MSS mCRC patients.

colorectal cancer  /  microsatellite stability  /  immunotherapy  /  targeted therapy  /  chemotherapy
赵文思, 宋健. 免疫治疗联合靶向治疗及化疗在微卫星稳定型转移性结直肠癌患者三线治疗中的疗效和安全性. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1512 -1521 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504016
Wensi ZHAO, Jian SONG. Efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy and chemotherapy in third-line treatment of microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1512 -1521 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504016
结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全球发病率第三、死亡率第二的恶性肿瘤[1]。我国作为CRC高发国家,其发病率和死亡率自2000年以来,呈逐步攀升的趋势。最新的流行病学统计报告显示,我国2022年新增CRC病例51万例,死亡24万例[2]。对于转移性结直肠癌(metastatic colorectal cancer,mCRC),其生存预后总体较差,5年生存率仅为12%[3]。化疗仍是目前绝大部分mCRC患者抗肿瘤治疗的基石。以氟尿嘧啶为基础的两药或三药化疗联合靶向治疗已成为mCRC的标准一二线治疗方案。然而,对于mCRC患者的三线治疗,目前指南推荐的药物有限,仅有瑞戈非尼、呋喹替尼以及曲氟尿苷替匹嘧啶(TAS-102),其单药治疗的中位无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)分别仅2.0~3.7个月和7.8~9.3个月,现有疗法的生存获益仍亟待提升[4-6]。
目前,抗肿瘤治疗已全面进入免疫治疗时代,免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitor,ICI)的应用已经为包括错配修复缺失/微卫星高度不稳定(mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high,dMMR/MSI-H)表型的CRC在内的多种肿瘤患者带来了显著的生存获益[7]。然而,临床上超过90%的CRC患者为错配修复基因非缺失/微卫星稳定(mismatch repair-proficient/microsatellite-stable,pMMR/MSS)表型,这部分患者具有免疫抑制性的肿瘤微环境,表现出对免疫单药治疗的低应答。
近年来,国内外研究者积极探索靶向免疫联合治疗模式在MSS型mCRC患者三线及以上治疗中的疗效,部分取得了不错的临床结果[8-12]。MA等[13]的研究结果显示,特瑞普利单抗联合呋喹替尼三线治疗MSS型mCRC患者,PFS可达6.0个月,客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)可达16.7%。LIU等[14]最近发表的研究结果显示,信迪利单抗联合瑞戈非尼作为挽救治疗可为MSS型mCRC患者带来4.1个月的PFS和14.1个月的OS获益,尤其是大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源物(rat sarcoma,RAS)/V-raf鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源物B1(v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1,BRAF)野生型的患者,其OS可长达23.3个月。此外,临床实践中发现相当一部分mCRC患者进入三线治疗时仍然具有较好的体力状况和化疗耐受性。但免疫联合靶向及化疗三联疗法在mCRC患者三线治疗中的疗效和安全性仍不明确。因此,本研究拟通过回顾性观察性研究分析免疫联合靶向及化疗在pMMR/MSS型mCRC患者三线治疗中的疗效和安全性,以期为改善这部分患者群体的生存预后提供更多的临床证据。
本研究是一项真实世界的回顾性队列研究,筛选2020年1月至2023年12月期间就诊于武汉大学人民医院肿瘤科接受免疫联合靶向和/或化疗作为三线治疗的pMMR/MSS型mCRC患者的临床病例资料。患者纳入标准:①年龄≥18岁;②经组织学或细胞学检查确诊的进展或转移性pMMR/MSS型结直肠腺癌;③既往至少接受过二线系统治疗后不耐受或发生疾病进展;④美国东部肿瘤协作组体力状况(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status,ECOG PS)评分0~2分;⑤根据实体瘤疗效评价标准(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors,RECIST)v1.1,至少有1个可测量的靶病灶;⑥患者预期寿命≥3个月;⑦具有足够的肝、肾、心脏、骨髓等器官功能。排除标准:①合并有其他恶性肿瘤;②有自身免疫性疾病、器官移植等病史;③临床信息不完整。根据纳入和排除标准,最终筛选到80例患者,其中免疫+靶向组55例,免疫+靶向+化疗组25例。收集患者相关临床资料,包括性别、年龄、ECOG PS评分、原发肿瘤部位、转移灶情况、转移灶数目、RAS/BRAF基因突变、肿瘤MSI状态、原发灶手术切除史、既往放化疗及免疫治疗史、既往抗VEGF(R)或 EGFR类靶向药物治疗史等。研究方案已获武汉大学人民医院伦理委员会批准(WDRY2023-K067),并已豁免知情同意。
本研究联合治疗方案中的免疫治疗药物主要包括:①抗PD-1单抗如帕博利珠单抗、纳武利尤单抗、卡瑞利珠单抗、特瑞普利单抗、信迪利单抗、替雷利珠单抗、斯鲁利单抗、派安普利单抗;②抗PD-L1单抗如阿替利珠单抗、度伐利尤单抗、恩沃利单抗、阿得贝利单抗;③抗PD-1/CTLA4双特异性抗体如卡度尼利单抗。其给药方式包括静脉滴注或皮下注射。靶向治疗药物主要包括:①抗EGFR单抗如西妥昔单抗、尼妥珠单抗;②抗VEGF单抗如贝伐珠单抗;③小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors,TKIs)如瑞戈非尼、呋喹替尼、仑伐替尼、阿帕替尼、安罗替尼、达拉非尼、维罗非尼、曲美替尼。其给药方式主要包括静脉滴注和口服。化疗药物主要包括:①铂类如洛铂、奥沙利铂;②氟尿嘧啶类如卡培他滨、替吉奥、5-氟尿嘧啶、雷替曲塞、TAS-102;③伊立替康等。常见化疗方案包括单药卡培他滨、替吉奥、TAS-102、伊立替康、奥沙利铂或雷替曲塞等;双药联合方案如XELOX(卡培他滨+奥沙利铂)、SOX(替吉奥+奥沙利铂)、FOLFIRI(5-氟尿嘧啶+亚叶酸钙+伊立替康)等;三药联合方案如FOLFIRINOX(5-氟尿嘧啶/雷替曲塞+伊立替康+奥沙利铂)等。给药方式主要包括静脉滴注、静脉泵入或口服。临床实践中,主治医师会根据患者的体力状况、生化指标及不良反应决定药物减量、中止或永久停药。所有治疗持续直至疾病进展、失去临床获益或出现不可耐受的毒副反应。
所有接受过至少1次免疫联合靶向和/或化疗作为三线治疗的患者都被纳入疗效和安全性分析。疗效评估主要根据RECIST v1.1疗效评估标准,每2~3个治疗周期通过计算机断层扫描、核磁共振成像、正电子发射计算机断层显像或电子肠镜等多种影像学手段进行评估。本研究观察终点包括PFS、OS、ORR、疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)和安全性。PFS 定义为从三线开始应用免疫联合靶向和/或化疗方案到首次记录到疾病进展(progressive disease,PD)或任何原因导致死亡的时间,以先发生者为准。OS定义为从三线开始使用免疫治疗联合靶向治疗和/或化疗方案到因任何原因发生死亡的时间。ORR定义为最佳疗效达到完全缓解(complete response,CR)和部分缓解(partial response,PR)的患者占全部患者的比例。DCR定义为最佳疗效达到CR、PR和疾病稳定(stable disease,SD)持续6周的患者占全部患者的比例。随访时间截至2025年3月3日。此外,为进一步明确不同联合治疗方案的潜在生存获益人群,对2组患者进行了基于PFS和OS的探索性亚组分析。
不良事件根据监管活动医学词典(Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities,MedDRA)进行收集和记录。根据美国国家癌症研究所不良事件通用术语标准(National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events,NCI-CTCAE)5.0进行不良事件严重程度分级。免疫治疗相关不良反应持续追踪至药物治疗结束后3个月。
应用SPSS 26.0 软件和R 4.2.3进行统计学分析。计量资料和计数资料分别用中位数M(P25,P75)和例(%)进行描述性总结。计量资料组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,Log-rank法比较生存曲线,Cox比例风险模型确定风险比(hazard ratio,HR)及95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)和P值。采用Clopper-Pearson法计算ORR、DCR及其95%CI。采用Logistic 回归模型估计优势比(odds ratio,OR)和95%CI。采用多因素Cox回归模型进行亚组分析并绘制森林图。所有假设检验为双侧检验,P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。
共纳入2020年1月至2023年12月期间在我院肿瘤科接受三线免疫联合靶向和/或化疗的mCRC患者80例,筛选流程见图1,其中55例接受免疫联合靶向治疗,25例接受免疫联合靶向和化疗。2组患者基线特征见表1,中位年龄57(50,66)岁,91.2%的患者ECOG PS评分为0~1分,所有患者为pMMR/MSS型且既往均接受过化疗,90%的患者既往接受过抗EGFR/VEGF(R)治疗,66.2%合并有肝转移,40.0%伴有RAS/BRAF基因突变。
本研究80例患者均纳入疗效评估。免疫+靶向组患者中最佳疗效达到PR的有6例(10.9%),达到SD的有37例(67.3%),达到PD的有12例(21.8%);该治疗组的ORR为10.9%(95%CI:4.5~22.9),DCR为78.2%(95%CI:64.6~87.7)。免疫+靶向+化疗组患者中最佳疗效达到PR的有8例(32.0%),达到SD的有15例(60.0%),达到PD的有2例(8.0%),该治疗组的ORR为32.0%(95%CI:15.7~53.6),DCR为92.0%(95%CI:72.5~98.6)。免疫+靶向+化疗组的ORR(OR=0.26,95%CI:0.07~0.79;P=0.021)优于免疫+靶向组,DCR(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.07~1.52;P=0.132)差异无统计意义,但免疫+靶向+化疗组DCR更高(表2)。
截至2025年3月3日,中位随访43.5个月,10例患者目前继续存活,其中8例患者疾病进展后接受了后线治疗;78例疾病进展的患者中7例在后线治疗中失访;70例患者死亡,主要原因包括疾病进展、心脑血管事件等。PFS方面,免疫+靶向组和免疫+靶向+化疗组的中位PFS分别为4.4个月(95%CI:2.8~5.5)和6.3个月(95%CI:4.6~11.4),2组间差异具有显著统计学意义(HR=0.58;95%CI:0.35~0.96;P=0.031)(图2A)。PFS率方面,免疫+靶向+化疗组患者也表现出更高的3个月(72.0% vs 60.0%)、6个月(56.0% vs 30.9%)和12个月(24.0% vs 9.1%)无病进展生存率,见表2。2组患者中位OS分别为10.1个月(95%CI:7.5~12.4)和15.5个月(95%CI:12.6~47.4)差异具有显著统计学意义(HR=0.47;95%CI:0.27~0.81;P=0.006,图2B)。OS率方面,免疫+靶向+化疗组患者也表现出更高的12个月(67.8% vs 38.2%)、24个月(37.5% vs 11.9%)和36个月(31.3% vs 4.8%)总生存率,见表2。
亚组分析结果显示,男性、原发肿瘤位于左半结肠和直肠、合并肺转移和既往接受过手术的患者,相比于三线免疫联合靶向治疗方案,三线免疫联合靶向和化疗更能获得PFS的改善(图3A)。OS亚组分析结果显示无论原发灶位于左半还是右半,男性、无肝转移、合并RAS/BRAF突变、既往未接受过放疗和免疫治疗的患者三线接受免疫联合靶向和化疗具有更显著的总生存获益(图3B)。
所有患者接受过至少一次三线免疫联合靶向和/或化疗,故全部纳入安全性分析。免疫+靶向组和免疫+靶向+化疗组任何级别不良反应总发生率分别为96.4%和100.0%,大部分不良事件为1级或2级(表3)。手足皮肤反应、肝功能损害和甲状腺功能异常为免疫+靶向组患者最常见的不良反应。血液学毒性如白细胞减少、血小板减少、贫血和手足皮肤反应为免疫+靶向+化疗组患者最常见的不良反应。3级及以上不良反应发生率在免疫+靶向组为32.7%,免疫+靶向+化疗组为36.0%。
所有级别免疫相关不良事件在免疫+靶向组和免疫+靶向+化疗组发生率分别为38.2%和36.0%(表3)。大多数免疫相关不良反应分级为1~2级,3级及以上不良反应发生率2组患者分别为12.7%和16.0%,主要包括皮疹、肝功能损害、甲状腺功能减退、高血压和高血糖等。所有级别不良反应经临床适当对症处理后均可控,无治疗相关死亡发生。
MSS型mCRC患者对免疫单药治疗应答率较低。以“REGONIVO”研究为代表的“免疫plus”模式打破了MSS型mCRC免疫治疗的困境[8]。免疫联合TKI组合因为免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的免疫重编程与TKI介导的肿瘤血管正常化之间的正反馈机制迅速成为了临床上小样本探索性研究的热点,中位PFS被报道在3.6~6.0个月,中位OS在10.8~14.3个月[9,13-15]。
相比于靶免双药联合策略,放疗、化疗、其他细胞毒性药物以及生物制剂的加入为MSS型mCRC“免疫plus”模式增添了更多的临床证据。CHEN等[16]开展的RIFLE研究结果显示替雷利珠单抗联合呋喹替尼和立体定向消融放疗后线治疗mCRC,患者的中位PFS达8.8个月,ORR达29%。YUAN等[10]发布的FRUIT研究结果显示替雷利珠单抗联合呋喹替尼和立体定向放疗后线治疗MSS型mCRC,患者的中位PFS达8.5个月,ORR为26%。XU等[17]探索了替雷利珠单抗联合西妥昔单抗和伊立替康化疗治疗难治性MSS型和RAS野生型mCRC,研究报道的中位PFS和OS分别为7.3个月和17.4个月。METTU等[18]通过双盲2期随机试验评估了阿替利珠单抗联合贝伐珠单抗和卡培他滨化疗治疗难治性mCRC,在MSS亚组中,患者的中位PFS为5.3个月。CAPability-01研究中信迪利单抗联合贝伐珠单抗和西达本胺(苯酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶选择性抑制剂)治疗化疗难治的pMMR/MSS mCRC,患者的中位PFS被报道为7.3个月[12]。本研究团队前期创新性探索了在靶免基础上联合肠道菌群移植治疗MSS型mCRC,ORR为20%,中位OS为13.7个月[11]。由此可见,有效治疗手段的科学组合可改善MSS型mCRC患者的临床结局。
对于既往接受过化疗的mCRC患者的三线治疗,部分研究结果显示化疗再挑战策略的临床获益不佳,中位OS仅5.9~8.1个月,且化疗引起的不良反应或治疗不耐受可直接导致30%~47%的患者后续治疗中断[19-20]。然而,对于具有侵袭性特征(如伴有RAS/BRAF突变、肿瘤负荷较大)或既往化疗疗效较好(PFS较长)的mCRC患者,三线化疗再挑战相比于靶向治疗可为患者带来PFS(4.9 vs 2.7个月)和OS(12.0 vs 5.2个月)的显著改善[21]。另外,有研究显示接受积极三线治疗的mCRC患者,其OS(11.7 vs 5.5个月)明显优于以姑息为目的治疗的患者[22]。因此,对于特定的晚期mCRC患者,联合化疗仍不失为一种有效的备选方案。
化疗的免疫增效作用也在被不断探索。临床前研究结果显示,化疗药物可直接诱导肿瘤细胞的坏死和凋亡,也可以通过上调MHC-I类分子的表达,促进树突状细胞的成熟,抑制调节性T细胞和肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的活性来增强肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞的免疫应答效应[23]。目前,免疫联合化疗方案已经在肺癌、食管癌等多种肿瘤中给患者带来了明显的生存改善[24-25]。在MSS型mCRC患者中,免疫联合靶向及化疗的模式目前也已经在一线治疗中报道了具有统计学意义改善的生存结果,中位PFS达18.2个月,中位OS达30.8个月[26-27]。
本研究回顾分析了我院近4年来收治的三线免疫联合靶向和化疗的MSS型mCRC患者。中位随访43.5个月,免疫+靶向+化疗组的患者较免疫+靶向组的患者中位PFS提升了1.9个月(6.3 vs 4.4个月;HR=0.58;95%CI:0.35~0.96;P=0.031),疾病进展风险降低了42%。OS方面,化疗的加入将OS提升了5.4个月(15.5 vs 10.1个月),三联方案降低了患者53%的死亡风险(HR=0.47;95%CI:0.27~0.81;P=0.006)。本研究中“免疫plus”模式的生存数据与国内外研究报道的结果大致相似[9,17-18,28-29]。但各临床结果也存在一定的差异,这可能与不同研究入组患者的人口学特征、联合治疗方案不同等有关,这些均值得进一步研究。另外,需要注意的是,既往报道的部分临床试验中受试者未区分其MSI表型,即研究对象中也包含dMMR/MSI-H这类对免疫治疗相对敏感的群体,这可能也是临床试验结果与真实世界数据存在差异的另一个原因。此外,患者的合并用药、并发症、经济成本和依从性等也是解读研究结果时需要考虑的因素。
本研究亚组分析结果显示,相比于免疫联合靶向治疗,男性、原发灶位于左半结肠或直肠、合并肺转移和既往接受过手术的患者,更倾向于从免疫联合靶向和化疗的三联方案中获得PFS的改善;另外,男性、无肝转移、合并RAS/BRAF突变的患者更倾向于从三联方案中获得OS的改善,这对于筛选联合治疗方案的优势人群提供了有价值的临床依据。
安全性方面,本研究中免疫+靶向组所有级别和3级及以上不良反应发生率分别为96.4%和32.7%,与既往文献报告的结果大体相似。WANG等[30]研究结果显示特瑞普利单抗联合瑞戈非尼挽救性治疗MSS型mCRC所有级别和3级及以上不良反应发生率分别为94.9%和38.5%。LIU等[14]报道的信迪利单抗联合瑞戈非尼后线治疗MSS型mCRC患者所有级别和3级及以上不良反应发生率分别为96.1%和8.7%。FAKIH等[28]报道的纳武利尤单抗联合瑞戈非尼后线治疗MSS型mCRC,97%的患者经历了至少一次治疗相关不良反应,其中51%为1级或2级不良反应,3级占40%,4级和5级各占3%。MA等[13]报道的特瑞普利单抗联合呋喹替尼三线治疗MSS型mCRC患者3级及以上不良反应发生率为25%。LEAP-017研究的结果显示帕博利珠单抗联合仑伐替尼后线治疗非MSI-H型mCRC,58.4%的患者发生了3级及以上不良反应[29]。本研究中三联方案的不良反应也与已知药物的安全特征相符。相比于免疫联合靶向二联方案,三联方案给患者带来的生存改善并未以患者安全性为代价,患者所有级别和≥3级不良反应发生率略有升高,分别为100.0%和36.0%,主要体现在血液学不良事件方面,如白细胞减少、血小板减少、贫血等。
目前,MSS型mCRC患者的免疫联合治疗仍然存在诸多问题有待研究,如联合治疗药物的选择、优势患者群体的筛选、有效生物标志物的检测、同步或序贯给药方式的探索等。本研究通过对真实世界临床资料的回顾性分析,初步探讨了MSS型mCRC患者接受免疫联合治疗的临床疗效,结果显示免疫联合靶向和化疗的三联方案较免疫联合靶向二联方案具有更显著的PFS和OS改善,且安全性可控。本研究为晚期MSS型mCRC患者的三线治疗提供了一种新的联合治疗策略,但本研究也存在一定的局限性,如样本量较小、随访时间较短,因此,后期仍需要大样本、前瞻性的随机对照研究进一步验证当前的研究结果。

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2025年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504016
  • 接收时间:2025-04-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-05
  • 修回日期:2025-05-18
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    1武汉大学人民医院:肿瘤科,湖北 武汉
    2武汉大学人民医院:药学部,湖北 武汉

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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