Article(id=1322185529018400836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503064, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735574400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-31, revisedDate=1743609600000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793163195137, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793163195137, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793163195137, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793163195137, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322185527667839311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1413', pageEnd='1555', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752508800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793163194815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793163440436, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1420, endPage=1428, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322185530687733829, articleId=1322185529018400836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Olfactory mucosal mesenchymal stem cells inhibit ferroptosis and attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by up-regulating GPX4, columnId=1320435149808980440, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Neuroscience, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate whether olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) attenuate oxygen glucose deprivation and recovery (OGD/R)-induced ferroptosis in neurons through glutathione oxidase 4 (GPX4).

Methods‍

The middle nasal tissue were collected from a patient with nasal polyps admitted in our hospital, and then OM-MSCs were isolated from the tissue, which were confirmed by morphological observation under light microscopy and phenotypic characterization through flow cytometry for surface markers, including CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146. Mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 was randomly divided into control, Control, OGD/R, OGD/R+OM-MSCs, OGD/R+sh-NC, OGD/R+sh-GPX4 and OGD/R+sh-GPX4+OM-MSCs groups. After the cells were subjected to OGD/R modeling, the cells were subsequently co-cultured with OM-MSCs and/or knockdown of GPX4. Neuronal apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry, while cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay. Biochemical markers associated with ferroptosis, including MDA, ROS, GSH, and Fe²⁺ levels, were measured with corresponding reagent kits. The GPX4 expression at both mRNA and protein levels was determined through qPCR and Western blotting, respectively.

Results‍

The isolated and primarily cultured OM-MSCs showed typical characteristics of OM-MSCs in cell surface markers (negative expression of CD34 and CD45 but positive expression of CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146 on cell surface) and morphology (adherent cells in a spindle-like shape). Significant differences were observed among the control, OGD/R, and OGD/R+OM-MSCs groups in terms of cell viability, MDA, ROS, GSH, Fe2+ and GPX4 (P<0.05). The OGD/R group showed notable decreases in cell activity and GSH (P<0.05), increases in MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ (P<0.05), and down-regulation of GPX4 when compared with the control group (P<005). Co-culture with OM-MSCs enhanced cell activity and GSH (P<0.05), decreased MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ (P<0.05), and up-regulated GPX4 as compared to the conditions in the OGD/R group (P<0.05). While, OGD/R+sh-GPX4 treament developed the decreases in cell viability, GSH, and GPX4 and the increases in MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ as compared to the OGD/R+sh-NC group (P<0.05), however, all of these could be reversed by OM-MSCs.

Conclusion‍

OM-MSCs inhibit OGD/R-induced ferroptosis in HT22 cells by up-regulating GPX4.

, authors=Junhong ZHUANG1, Guoshuai YANG1, Jun PENG2, Zigui CHEN2, Hong TANG2, Ying XIA2, authorsList=Junhong ZHUANG, Guoshuai YANG, Jun PENG, Zigui CHEN, Hong TANG, Ying XIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying XIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322185531912470609, articleId=1322185529018400836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=嗅觉黏膜间充质干细胞通过上调GPX4抑制铁死亡减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤, columnId=1322185530771619910, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=神经科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究嗅觉黏膜间充质干细胞(olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells,OM-MSCs)通过谷胱甘肽氧化酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)改善氧糖剥夺/复氧(oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion,OGD/R)诱导的神经元细胞铁死亡。

方法

收集鼻息肉患者的中鼻道正常嗅觉黏膜组织,并提取OM-MSCs,采用流式细胞仪检测人嗅觉黏膜分离培养的原代细胞表面标志物CD34、CD45、CD73、CD90、CD105、CD146,显微镜下观察细胞形态学。将小鼠海马神经元细胞HT22细胞按随机数字表法分为:对照组、OGD/R组、OGD/R+OM-MSCs组、OGD/R+sh-NC组、OGD/R+sh-GPX4组、OGD/R+sh-GPX4+OM-MSCs组。对HT22细胞进行OGD/R处理,并给予OM-MSCs共培养和/或GPX4敲低处理。采用流式细胞仪检测HT22细胞凋亡,CCK-8法检测HT22细胞活力,试剂盒检测HT22细胞中铁死亡相关指标MDA、ROS、GSH、Fe2+,qPCR及Western blot检测GPX4表达。

结果

人嗅觉黏膜分离培养的原代细胞表面CD34及CD45呈阴性,CD73、CD90、CD105、CD146呈阳性,细胞贴壁生长并呈梭状,细胞表面标志物及形态学符合OM-MSCs特征。在HT22细胞方面,对照组、OGD/R组、OGD/R+OM-MSCs组在细胞活力、MDA、ROS、GSH、Fe2+、GPX4方面具有统计学差异(P<0.05);OGD/R组与对照组相比,细胞活力和GSH降低(P<0.05),MDA、ROS、Fe2+升高(P<0.05),GPX4下调(P<0.05);OGD/R+OM-MSCs组与OGD/R组相比(P<0.05),细胞活力和GSH升高(P<0.05),MDA、ROS、Fe2+降低(P<0.05),GPX4上调。OGD/R+sh-GPX4组与OGD/R-sh-NC组相比,细胞活力和GSH降低(P<0.05),MDA、ROS、Fe2+升高(P<0.05),并伴随有GPX4下调(P<0.05),OM-MSCs可逆转以上变化。

结论

OM-MSCs通过上调GPX4在HT22细胞中的表达抑制OGD/R诱导的HT22细胞铁死亡。

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夏鹰,E-mail:
XIA Ying,E-mail:
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Aging,2021,13(8):11234-11256., articleTitle=Ischemic-hypoxic preconditioning enhances the mitochondrial function recovery of transplanted olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells via miR-181a signaling in ischemic stroke, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185532134768722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185532143157331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, companyId=1322185532134768722, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Neurology, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine,Haikou,Hainan,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185532151545940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, companyId=1322185532134768722, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院:神经内科,海南 海口)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322185532210266197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185532218654806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, companyId=1322185532210266197, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine,Haikou,Hainan,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185532231237719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, companyId=1322185532210266197, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院:神经外科,海南 海口)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322185536400375937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=kVZ6qCnO5JdPqVQ258c22g==, figureFileBig=toR3ToNFwfoyHuC6ric5rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536471679106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, language=CN, label=图1, caption=原代OM-MSCs分离及鉴定

A:OM-MSCs形态学;B:流式细胞术检测细胞表面分子CD34、CD73、CD45、CD90、CD105、CD146

, figureFileSmall=kVZ6qCnO5JdPqVQ258c22g==, figureFileBig=toR3ToNFwfoyHuC6ric5rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536647839875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6iTKUrGjCUH9Nz9SnP0kJA==, figureFileBig=qzuc1oXznPg9g3HBhJm9ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536719143044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, language=CN, label=图2, caption=OGD/R处理对神经元细胞铁死亡的影响

a:P<0.05,与对照组比较A:CCK-8法检测细胞活力;B:qPCR定量GPX4;C:Western blot检测GPX4蛋白表达水平;D:MDA相对含量检测;E:ROS相对量检测;F:GSH相对量检测;G:Fe2+相对量检测

, figureFileSmall=6iTKUrGjCUH9Nz9SnP0kJA==, figureFileBig=qzuc1oXznPg9g3HBhJm9ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536777863301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cUgX0Em41vwuyEryFFL8Mg==, figureFileBig=WdA5A+51zEJimHx3EPI5ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536849166470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, language=CN, label=图3, caption=OM-MSCs对神经元细胞铁死亡的影响

a:P<0.05,与对照组比较;b:P<0.05,与OGD/R组比较A:CCK-8法检测细胞活力;B:MDA相对含量检测;C:ROS相对量检测;D:GSH相对量检测;E:Fe2+相对量检测

, figureFileSmall=cUgX0Em41vwuyEryFFL8Mg==, figureFileBig=WdA5A+51zEJimHx3EPI5ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536916275335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jtWh9YVULkvKTTjdCDG6Ow==, figureFileBig=5EoaozKtPKcoCVdh8GLOPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185537004355720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, language=CN, label=图4, caption=OM-MSCs对GPX4表达的影响

a:P<0.05,与对照组比较;b:P<0.05,与OGD/R组比较A:qPCR定量检测GPX4相对表达量;B:Western blot检测GPX4蛋白相对表达水平

, figureFileSmall=jtWh9YVULkvKTTjdCDG6Ow==, figureFileBig=5EoaozKtPKcoCVdh8GLOPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185537105019017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Jsp4Kqj5XIr3VEic9pmkeQ==, figureFileBig=Xohjhu5S7Kq0cCa3uAaBcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185537172127882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185529018400836, language=CN, label=图5, caption=在OGD/R状况下OM-MSCs逆转GPX4敲低对神经元的影响

a:P<0.05,与sh-NC组比较;b:P<0.05,与对照组比较;c:P<0.05,与OGD/R+sh-NC组比较;d:P<0.05,与OGD/R+sh-GPX4组比较A:qPCR定量检测GPX4相对表达水平;B:Western blot检测GPX4蛋白相对表达水平;C:CCK-8法检测细胞活力;D:qPCR定量检测GPX4相对表达水平;E:Western blot检测GPX4蛋白相对表达水平;F:MDA相对含量检测;G:ROS相对量检测;H:GSH相对量检测;I:Fe2+相对量检测

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嗅觉黏膜间充质干细胞通过上调GPX4抑制铁死亡减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤
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庄俊鸿 1 , 杨国帅 1 , 彭俊 2 , 陈梓桂 2 , 汤宏 2 , 夏鹰 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 神经科学 2025,47(13): 1420-1428
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陆军军医大学学报 |神经科学 2025 , 47 (13) : 1420 -1428
嗅觉黏膜间充质干细胞通过上调GPX4抑制铁死亡减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤
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庄俊鸿1, 杨国帅1, 彭俊2, 陈梓桂2, 汤宏2, 夏鹰2
作者信息
  • 1中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院:神经内科,海南 海口
  • 2中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院:神经外科,海南 海口
通讯作者:
夏鹰,E-mail:
XIA Ying,E-mail:
Olfactory mucosal mesenchymal stem cells inhibit ferroptosis and attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by up-regulating GPX4
Junhong ZHUANG1, Guoshuai YANG1, Jun PENG2, Zigui CHEN2, Hong TANG2, Ying XIA2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurology, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine,Haikou,Hainan,China
  • 2Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine,Haikou,Hainan,China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503064
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目的

探究嗅觉黏膜间充质干细胞(olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells,OM-MSCs)通过谷胱甘肽氧化酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)改善氧糖剥夺/复氧(oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion,OGD/R)诱导的神经元细胞铁死亡。

方法

收集鼻息肉患者的中鼻道正常嗅觉黏膜组织,并提取OM-MSCs,采用流式细胞仪检测人嗅觉黏膜分离培养的原代细胞表面标志物CD34、CD45、CD73、CD90、CD105、CD146,显微镜下观察细胞形态学。将小鼠海马神经元细胞HT22细胞按随机数字表法分为:对照组、OGD/R组、OGD/R+OM-MSCs组、OGD/R+sh-NC组、OGD/R+sh-GPX4组、OGD/R+sh-GPX4+OM-MSCs组。对HT22细胞进行OGD/R处理,并给予OM-MSCs共培养和/或GPX4敲低处理。采用流式细胞仪检测HT22细胞凋亡,CCK-8法检测HT22细胞活力,试剂盒检测HT22细胞中铁死亡相关指标MDA、ROS、GSH、Fe2+,qPCR及Western blot检测GPX4表达。

结果

人嗅觉黏膜分离培养的原代细胞表面CD34及CD45呈阴性,CD73、CD90、CD105、CD146呈阳性,细胞贴壁生长并呈梭状,细胞表面标志物及形态学符合OM-MSCs特征。在HT22细胞方面,对照组、OGD/R组、OGD/R+OM-MSCs组在细胞活力、MDA、ROS、GSH、Fe2+、GPX4方面具有统计学差异(P<0.05);OGD/R组与对照组相比,细胞活力和GSH降低(P<0.05),MDA、ROS、Fe2+升高(P<0.05),GPX4下调(P<0.05);OGD/R+OM-MSCs组与OGD/R组相比(P<0.05),细胞活力和GSH升高(P<0.05),MDA、ROS、Fe2+降低(P<0.05),GPX4上调。OGD/R+sh-GPX4组与OGD/R-sh-NC组相比,细胞活力和GSH降低(P<0.05),MDA、ROS、Fe2+升高(P<0.05),并伴随有GPX4下调(P<0.05),OM-MSCs可逆转以上变化。

结论

OM-MSCs通过上调GPX4在HT22细胞中的表达抑制OGD/R诱导的HT22细胞铁死亡。

脑缺血再灌注损伤  /  铁死亡  /  谷胱甘肽氧化酶4  /  嗅觉黏膜间充质干细胞  /  神经元
Objective‍

To investigate whether olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) attenuate oxygen glucose deprivation and recovery (OGD/R)-induced ferroptosis in neurons through glutathione oxidase 4 (GPX4).

Methods‍

The middle nasal tissue were collected from a patient with nasal polyps admitted in our hospital, and then OM-MSCs were isolated from the tissue, which were confirmed by morphological observation under light microscopy and phenotypic characterization through flow cytometry for surface markers, including CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146. Mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 was randomly divided into control, Control, OGD/R, OGD/R+OM-MSCs, OGD/R+sh-NC, OGD/R+sh-GPX4 and OGD/R+sh-GPX4+OM-MSCs groups. After the cells were subjected to OGD/R modeling, the cells were subsequently co-cultured with OM-MSCs and/or knockdown of GPX4. Neuronal apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry, while cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay. Biochemical markers associated with ferroptosis, including MDA, ROS, GSH, and Fe²⁺ levels, were measured with corresponding reagent kits. The GPX4 expression at both mRNA and protein levels was determined through qPCR and Western blotting, respectively.

Results‍

The isolated and primarily cultured OM-MSCs showed typical characteristics of OM-MSCs in cell surface markers (negative expression of CD34 and CD45 but positive expression of CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146 on cell surface) and morphology (adherent cells in a spindle-like shape). Significant differences were observed among the control, OGD/R, and OGD/R+OM-MSCs groups in terms of cell viability, MDA, ROS, GSH, Fe2+ and GPX4 (P<0.05). The OGD/R group showed notable decreases in cell activity and GSH (P<0.05), increases in MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ (P<0.05), and down-regulation of GPX4 when compared with the control group (P<005). Co-culture with OM-MSCs enhanced cell activity and GSH (P<0.05), decreased MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ (P<0.05), and up-regulated GPX4 as compared to the conditions in the OGD/R group (P<0.05). While, OGD/R+sh-GPX4 treament developed the decreases in cell viability, GSH, and GPX4 and the increases in MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ as compared to the OGD/R+sh-NC group (P<0.05), however, all of these could be reversed by OM-MSCs.

Conclusion‍

OM-MSCs inhibit OGD/R-induced ferroptosis in HT22 cells by up-regulating GPX4.

cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury  /  ferroptosis  /  glutathione peroxidase 4  /  olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells  /  neurons
庄俊鸿, 杨国帅, 彭俊, 陈梓桂, 汤宏, 夏鹰. 嗅觉黏膜间充质干细胞通过上调GPX4抑制铁死亡减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1420 -1428 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503064
Junhong ZHUANG, Guoshuai YANG, Jun PENG, Zigui CHEN, Hong TANG, Ying XIA. Olfactory mucosal mesenchymal stem cells inhibit ferroptosis and attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by up-regulating GPX4[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1420 -1428 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503064
脑缺血再灌注损伤是常见的脑血管内治疗并发症[1-3]。脑缺血再灌注损伤诱导神经元细胞大量死亡,进而导致不可逆的组织损伤,造成脑部功能严重受损。间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)移植在脑缺血再灌注损伤中发挥重要的治疗作用。在脑缺血再灌注损伤中,MSCs既可显著抑制受损脑组织处的氧化应激及炎症反应,又能通过分泌生长因子和营养因子促进神经发生及血管生成[4-7]。除此之外MSCs还直接分化为成熟的神经元细胞。嗅觉黏膜间充质干细胞(olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells,OM-MSCs)是一种源自鼻腔黏膜的MSCs类型,取材方便且利于自体移植,是干细胞移植的主要候选细胞。有研究表明,OM-MSCs移植可通过UbiA 异戊二烯基转移酶结构域蛋白1(UbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein 1,UBIAD1)介导的线粒体功能障碍抑制氧化应激和炎症反应,从而改善脑缺血再灌注损伤[8]。此外OM-MSCs也可抑制脑缺血再灌注损伤小鼠脑组织中的高尔基体肿胀及分解,从而减少神经元细胞死亡的发生[9]。尽管OM-MSCs在脑缺血再灌注损伤中展现出明确的神经保护作用,但其确切机制仍未完全阐明。
铁死亡是一种Fe2+依赖性细胞死亡形式,其机制涉及细胞代谢紊乱导致抗氧化系统受损,并诱导Fe2+积聚,从而引起ROS大量产生,ROS破坏细胞膜表面的多不饱和脂肪酸产生过氧化,继而形成脂质ROS,触发细胞铁死亡[10-13]。铁死亡是促进脑缺血再灌注损伤的重要原因[14-15]。小鼠实验表明,脑缺血再灌注损伤小鼠的脑组织伴随有铁死亡细胞形态学改变,抑制铁死亡可有效改善再灌注诱导的神经损伤[16]。在氧糖剥夺/复氧(oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion,OGD/R)诱导的脑缺血再灌注损伤细胞模型中,铁死亡抑制剂可有效提高细胞活力并抑制细胞死亡[17]。由此可见,铁死亡是促进脑缺血再灌注损伤的重要细胞内机制。
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(Glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)在铁死亡机制中至关重要。GPX4是一种抗氧化酶,可催化磷脂过氧化物还原为磷脂醇[18]。GPX4是维持细胞膜脂质稳态的关键蛋白,可有效预防多不饱和脂肪酸过氧化和铁死亡,然而在病理状况下GPX4失活或表达下调促进脂质过氧化物积累,并因此促进铁死亡发生。脑缺血再灌注损伤伴随有GPX4表达下调,而促进GPX4上调可有效抑制神经元细胞铁死亡,并有效改善再灌注诱导的脑损伤[19-21]。因此GPX4是抑制铁死亡并改善脑缺血再灌注损伤的重要靶点。
已有研究证实,OM-MSCs在伴随有铁死亡的神经元细胞中通过抑制铁死亡发挥抗氧化作用。HUANG等[22]研究采用血晶素诱导的神经元细胞模拟脑出血,并将其与OM-MSCs共培养,结果表明OM-MSC可显著抑制血晶素诱导的神经元细胞铁死亡,并提高神经元细胞活力。该研究同样证实OM-MSCs可上调GPX4在神经元细胞中的表达,提示在病理状况下OM-MSCs可能通过GPX4介导的铁死亡机制改善血晶素诱导的神经元损伤。然而,目前尚无证据证实GPX4介导OM-MSCs在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的神经保护机制。
本研究旨在初步探讨OM-MSCs对GPX4表达的调控作用,并证实OM-MSCs通过GPX4改善OGD/R诱导的神经元细胞铁死亡,以期为脑缺血再灌注神经元损伤提供潜在的治疗手段,为OM-MSCs临床应用提供科学依据。
DMEM/F12培养基(#D6500,北京索莱宝);胎牛血清(#S9020,北京索莱宝);CD34-FITC(#ab131589,美国Abcam);CD73-FITC(#ab239246,美国Abcam);CD45-FITC(#11-0451-82,美国Invitrogen);CD90-FITC(#11-0909-42,美国Invitrogen);CD105-FITC(#ab11415,美国Abcam);CD146-FITC(#ab78451,美国Abcam);小鼠海马神经元细胞HT22购自武汉普诺赛公司;青链霉素混合液(#P1400)购自北京索莱宝公司;DMEM培养基(#11995)购自北京索莱宝公司;CCK-8试剂盒(#C0038,上海碧云天);DCFH-DA探针(#S0033S,上海碧云天);Western blot裂解液(#R0100,北京索莱宝);BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(#PC0020,北京索莱宝);MDA试剂盒(#S0131S,上海碧云天);GSH及GSSG检测试剂盒(#S0053,上海碧云天);细胞亚铁离子检测试剂盒(#BC5410,北京索莱宝);Trizol提取液(#R0016,上海碧云天生物);一步法逆转录-荧光定量PCR试剂盒(#T2210,北京索莱宝);0.22 μm PVDF膜(美国Millipore);Western blot封闭液(#P0023B,上海碧云天);GPX4抗体(#52455,美国Cell signaling techenology)β-actin(#ab8227,美国Abcam);山羊抗兔抗体(#ab6721,美国Abcam);ECL显色试剂盒(#P0018S,上海碧云天)。
人嗅觉黏膜组织采集中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院收治的1例鼻息肉患者。获得患者知情同意后,采集患者中鼻道正常嗅觉黏膜组织。排除标准:鼻腔恶性肿瘤、鼻黏膜损伤、鼻炎、有哮喘史、阿司匹林过敏史、皮肤过敏原试验阳性,及术前2周内使用抗生素及类固醇激素等。鼻内镜下收集人嗅觉黏膜组织,采用DMEM/F12培养基清洗。将组织剪成约1 mm3体积的碎块,加入含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基消化组织,低速离心后弃上清,加入含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基重悬沉淀,37 ℃孵育细胞,每隔2 d天更换1次培养基。取P5代细胞,消化后采用DMEM/F12培养基重悬,取7管离心管,每管加入0.1 mL细胞悬液,其中1管作为阴性对照,加入IgG-FITC,另外6管作为检测组,分别加入CD34-FITC(稀释度:1∶25)、CD73-FITC(稀释度:1∶20)、CD45-FITC(稀释度:1∶20)、CD90-FITC(稀释度:1∶20)、CD105-FITC(稀释度:1∶10)、CD146-FITC(稀释度:1∶40),采用流式细胞仪检测人嗅觉黏膜分离培养的原代细胞表面标志物CD34、CD73、CD45、CD90、CD105、CD146的表达。本研究已获中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院伦理委员会批准[2025-(伦审)-030]。
HT22细胞培养于含10%胎牛血清+1%青链霉素混合液的DMEM培养基,37 ℃孵育至生长状况良好。将HT22细胞分为对照组、OGD/R组、OGD/R+OM-MSCs组、OGD/R+sh-NC组、OGD/R+sh-GPX4组、OGD/R+sh-GPX4+OM-MSCs组,每组处理如下:对照组,细胞正常培养,不进行额外处理;OGD/R组,接受OGD/R处理;OGD/R+OM-MSCs组,HT22细胞先进行OGD/R处理,后与OM-MSCs共培养;OGD/R+sh-NC组,通过脂质体法转染shRNA阴性对照(sh-NC),48 h后进行OGD/R处理;OGD/R+sh-GPX4组,通过脂质体法转染GPX4特异性shRNA(sh-GPX4),48 h后进行OGD/R处理;OGD/R+sh-GPX4+OM-MSCs组,通过脂质体法转染sh-GPX4,48 h后依次进行OGD/R处理及OM-MSCs共培养。OGD/R处理[23]:脱氧无糖Hank’s平衡盐溶液培养,37 ℃、95%N2+5%CO2下孵育4 h,移除Hank’s溶液,加入含10%胎牛血清+1%青链霉素混合液的DMEM培养基,37 ℃、95%空气+5%CO2下复原24 h。OM-MSCs与HT22共培养方法:取HT22并接种于Transwell细胞池下室,进行OGD/R处理,糖氧复原24 h后在Transwell细胞池上室接种OM-MSCs细胞,37 ℃下共培养24 h。
取HT22细胞并接种于96孔板,分组后给予相应实验处理。处理24 h后,采用CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力。向每孔加入10 μL CCK-8工作液,37 ℃孵育1 h。使用酶标仪检测[D(490)],计算各样品孔的细胞活力(%)。
ROS检测:移除细胞培养基,加入DCFH-DA探针以标记细胞ROS,37 ℃孵育20 min,采用酶标仪检测。MDA检测:移除细胞培养基,加入裂解液,冰浴下裂解10 min,12 000×g离心5 min,取上清液,采用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定上清液中蛋白浓度,采用MDA试剂盒检测细胞MDA水平。GSH检测:收集细胞,加入蛋白去除试剂,4 ℃下放置5 min,10 000×g离心10 min后取上清液,采用GSH及GSSG检测试剂盒检测细胞GSH水平。Fe2+检测:收集细胞,冰浴超声破碎细胞5 min,4 ℃下10 000×g离心10 min,取上清液,采用细胞亚铁离子检测试剂盒检测细胞Fe2+含量。
细胞接种于6孔板,并根据分组设计进行相应实验处理。小心吸去细胞培养基,加入Trizol提取液,待细胞全部裂解后吸取细胞裂解液至离心管中,4 ℃下12 000×g离心10 min,吸取裂解产物至新离心管。向离心管中加入氯仿试剂,混匀后放置2~3 min,4 ℃下12 000×g离心15 min,吸取上层无色水相至新离心管,加入异丙醇,室温沉淀10 min,4 ℃下12 000×g离心10 min,移除上清液,使用75%乙醇洗涤沉淀,收集沉淀加入DEPC水溶解,-70 ℃下保存。
取HT22细胞的总RNA样品,使用分光光度计检测[D(260)]和[D(280)],选择[D(260)]/[D(280)]>1.6的样品并用于qPCR定量。使用一步法逆转录-荧光定量PCR试剂盒进行RNA逆转录及荧光定量。采用GAPDH为内参基因,通过2-ΔΔCt法进行标准化处理。PCR反应程序如下:逆转录,50 ℃,20 min;预变性,95 ℃,3 min;变性,95 ℃,10~20 s,退火/延伸,60 ℃,20~60 s,持续40次循环。
取各组HT22细胞,移除细胞培养基,加入Western blot裂解液,冰浴下裂解10 min,12 000×g离心5 min,取上清液用于蛋白印迹法。采用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定上清液中蛋白浓度。采用伯乐电泳凝胶分离系统分离蛋白,冰浴下使用湿式转膜仪将蛋白转移至PVDF膜,加入Western blot封闭液,室温摇床封闭1 h。移除封闭液,洗涤3次后加入稀释的一抗(GPX4抗体:1∶1 000;β-actin抗体:1∶5 000),4 ℃孵育过夜。回收一抗,洗涤3次后加入HRP交联的山羊抗兔抗体(稀释度:1∶10 000),37 ℃孵育1 h。2抗孵育结束后洗涤PVDF膜3次,加入ECL显色试剂盒,避光孵育1~2 min。上机,采用X射线蛋白凝胶成像系统进行显像定影。本研究以β-actin为内参蛋白计算GPX4的蛋白相对水平。
采用GraphPad 9.0软件进行实验数据可视化处理,使用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计学分析。对两组间差异比较,采用独立样本t检验。对三组及三组以上组间差异分析,采用单因素方差分析,事后两两比较用LSD-t检验。所有统计学检验均为双尾检验,P<0.05表明差异具有统计学意义。
形态学结果表明,细胞贴壁生长,呈梭状,符合OM-MSCs形态学(图1A)。流式细胞仪结果显示,CD34及CD45呈阴性,CD73、CD90、CD105、CD146呈阳性,符合OM-MSCs表面标志物特征(图1B)。
CCK-8实验显示,OGD/R组细胞活力较对照组降低。qPCR检测结果显示,OGD/R组GPX4相对表达量较对照组降低(t=7.888,P<0.05)。Western blot检测结果表明,OGD/R组GPX4蛋白相对水平低于对照组(t=23.300,P<0.05)。OGD/R组MDA、ROS、Fe2+均高于对照组,而OGD/R组GSH低于对照组(P<0.05,图2)。上述结果表明,OGD/R处理可诱导HT22细胞铁死亡。
为明确OM-MSCs对OGD/R诱导的神经元铁死亡的影响,检测细胞活力、氧化应激指标及铁死亡标志物进行了系统分析,结果显示OGD/R+OM-MSCs组细胞活力较OGD/R组升高(P<0.05)。OGD/R+OM-MSCs组MDA、ROS、Fe2+较OGD/R组降低,而GSH升高(P<0.05,图3)。上述结果表明,OM-MSCs抑制OGD/R诱导的HT22细胞铁死亡。
qPCR定量结果显示,OGD/R组GPX4相对表达量较对照组下调(P<0.05),OM-MSCs+OGD/R组GPX4相对表达量较OGD/R组上调(P<0.05,图4A)。Western blot检测结果显示,OGD/R组GPX4蛋白相对水平较对照组降低,OGD/R+OM-MSCs组GPX4蛋白较OGD/R组升高(P<0.05,图4B)。上述结果表明,OGD/R处理导致GPX4在HT22细胞中表达下调,OM-MSCs可诱导GPX4表达上调。
为进一步验证OM-MSCs通过GPX4调控神经元铁死亡的调控机制,本研究基于RNA干扰技术构建了GPX4敲低的HT22细胞模型,并在此基础上进行OGD/R处理及OM-MSCs治疗。qPCR及Western blot检测结果显示,sh-GPX4组GPX4表达低于sh-NC组,表明GPX4特异性shRNA序列成功抑制GPX4表达(图5A、B)。CCK-8结果显示,OGD/R组与OGD/R+sh-NC组间的细胞活力无显著性差异(P>0.05),表明shRNA转染方式不造成客观误差,OGD/R+sh-GPX4组细胞活力低于OGD/R+sh-NC组(t=4.572,P<0.05),而OGD/R+sh-GPX4+OM-MSCs组细胞活力高于OGD/R+sh-GPX4组(t=2.124,P<0.05,图5C)。GPX4敲低进一步增强了OGD/R对细胞活力的抑制效应,而OM-MSCs可逆转GPX4敲低的影响。GPX4基因定量分析结果显示,OGD/R+sh-GPX4组GPX4表达低于OGD/R+sh-NC组(t=9.384,P<0.05),而OGD/R+sh-GPX4+OM-MSCs组GPX4高于OGD/R+sh-GPX4组(t=2.522,P=0.008),因此在OGD/R状况下OM-MSCs可上调GPX4表达,GPX4蛋白丰度变化与之相似(P<0.05,图5D、E)。此外,OGD/R+sh-GPX4组MDA(t=3.346,P<0.05)、ROS(t=8.951,P<0.05)、Fe2+(t=8.435,P<0.05)高于OGD/R+sh-NC组,GSH(t=6.554,P<0.05)低于OGD/R+sh-NC组,而OGD/R+sh-GPX4+OM-MSCs组MDA(t=5.423,P<0.05)、ROS(t=1.997,P<0.05)、Fe2+(t=5.641,P<0.05)低于OGD/R+sh-GPX4组,GSH(t=1.058,P<0.05)高于OGD/R+sh-GPX4组(图5F~I)。以上结果表明,OM-MSCs通过上调GPX4抑制OGD/R诱导的HT22铁死亡。
OM-MSCs在脑缺血再灌注损伤中具有神经保护作用。本研究结果证实,OM-MSCs可抑制ODG/R诱导的氧化应激,并提高HT22细胞活力,表明OM-MSCs与神经元细胞共培养有助于恢复未彻底死亡神经元的细胞活力,改善再灌注引起的神经损伤。OM-MSCs对神经元细胞的保护作用可能与其自身的旁分泌能力紧密相关。OM-MSCs可通过外泌体运输功能调控因子至目的细胞内,从而调控目的细胞的相应功能或活动。HUANG等[24]研究表明,OM-MSC在外泌体介导下分泌缺氧诱导因-1α至OGD/R处理的小胶质细胞内,从而抑制小胶质细胞介导的神经炎症。XUN等[25]指出OM-MSCs源性外泌体含有胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白4/5、表皮生长因子受体、神经源性基因座缺口同源蛋白2等蛋白质,OM-MSCs源性外泌体进入细胞后释放内容物,进而参与调控目的细胞的增殖、生长、迁移等生物学功能,促进神经生成及血管再生。OM-MSCs对神经元细胞具有类似的调控机制[26]。因此在脑缺血再灌注损伤中OM-MSCs旁分泌是其调控神经元细胞死亡和生长的重要机制。
OM-MSCs也与受体细胞基因组学关系密切。本研究结果表明,OM-MSCs可上调GPX4在神经元细胞中的表达。这一现象可能与其外泌体介导的表观遗传调控密切相关。OM-MSCs源性外泌体中富含蛋白质和RNA,RNA中的非编码RNA在外泌体运输下进入受体细胞,进而在表观遗传学上调控靶基因转录表达。ZHUO等[27]研究指出,miR-18在OM-MSCs外泌体中高度富集,外泌体miR-181a进入神经元细胞后靶向抑制GRP78及Bcl-2,从而抑制OGD/R诱导的神经元细胞死亡。因此,OM-MSCs可通过旁分泌作用运输非编码RNA等转录调控因子至目的细胞,从而发挥表观遗传调控作用。为后续研究指明了方向:通过外泌体miRNA测序和靶基因预测,筛选可能调控GPX4表达的关键分子。
再灌注导致脑缺血组织处ROS大量生成,从而触发Fe2+依赖性神经元铁死亡。本研究证实,OM-MSCs移植可显著抑制OGD/R诱导的ROS生成和脂质过氧化,同时降低细胞内Fe2+水平。上述结果表明OM-MSCs可显著抑制OGD/R诱导的神经元细胞铁死亡。GPX4介导OM-MSCs对神经元细胞铁死亡的调控作用。GPX4是铁死亡的关键调控因子,在抑制脂质过氧化方面发挥显著作用。铁死亡往往伴随GPX4下调或失活。本研究结果表明,GPX4上调可有效升高HT22细胞活力,并逆转OGD/R诱导的铁死亡。进一步研究证实OM-MSCs通过上调GPX4表达抑制OGD/R诱导的HT22细胞铁死亡。基于此,OM-MSCs可能是通过上调GPX4抑制OGD/R状况下的神经炎症及组织损伤。
本研究仍存在以下局限性:①本研究未能深入挖掘OM-MSCs对GPX4表达的确切机制,后续研究拟从外泌体入手探究直接靶向GPX4转录表达的上游因子;②本研究未结合动物模型验证OM-MSCs通过GPX4介导的铁死亡改善脑缺血再灌注,后续将建立脑缺血再灌注小鼠模型,观察OM-MSCs移植对模型小鼠脑组织病理学、神经功能、神经元铁死亡的影响;③未对其他铁死亡相关因子进行进一步探索,后续可进一步研究诸如ACSL4及SLC7A11等铁死亡相关因子,以期更为全面地了解OM-MSCs对神经元细胞铁死亡的影响。
综上,本研究证实OM-MSCs显著上调GPX4表达,并有效抑制脑缺血再灌注诱导的神经元细胞铁死亡,GPX4上调是OM-MSCs抑制细胞铁死亡的主要原因。本研究首次揭示了OM-MSCs基于GPX4依赖性铁死亡的神经保护机制,为OM-MSCs治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤提供了有力的理论依据。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503064
  • 接收时间:2024-12-31
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31
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    1中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院:神经内科,海南 海口
    2中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院:神经外科,海南 海口

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