Article(id=1322185528410231120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502092, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740931200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-03, revisedDate=1746979200000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793163194991, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793163194991, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793163194991, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793163194991, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322185527667839311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1413', pageEnd='1555', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752508800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793163194815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793163440436, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1444, endPage=1453, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322185528741581137, articleId=1322185528410231120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Role and mechanism of a novel fusion gene RELCH-RET in driving malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells: a preliminary study, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the role and primary mechanism of a novel fusion gene RELCH-RET in driving the malignant transformation of normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells.

Methods‍

Based on retrospective clinical data from 456 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients admitted in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2019 to June 2022, a fusion gene, RELCH-RET,was identified as a research target. Three cell models were established: negative control (HBE VC, transfected with empty lentiviral vector), RET control (HBE RET, transfected withlentiviral overexpression vector of Flag-RET), and experimental group (HBE RELCH-RET, transfected with lentiviral overexpression vector of Flag-RELCH-RET). MTS assay and Transwell assay were used to detect cell proliferation and migratory and invasive abilities. In vivo tumorigenicity of the 3 cell models was assessed in 15 female non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice (SPF grade, 4 weeks old, weighing 15.1±0.4 g) via subcutaneous xenograft experiments, with 5 animals in each group. Western blotting was employed to detect the autophosphorylation of RET (Y905) and the phosphorylation of downstream signaling proteins ERK1/2, EGFR (Y845) and STAT3 (Y705). Dimerization and multimerization status of RELCH-RET were analyzed by chemical cross-linking (DTME treatment) in combination with Western blotting, with the reversibility being confirmed through de-cross-linking experiments.

Results‍

There were 3 cases carrying RELCH-RET fusion gene screened out from the 469 NSCLC patients. Compared with the HBE VC and HBE RET groups, the HBE RELCH-RET group exhibited significantly enhanced cell proliferation (P<0.01), and acquired migratory and invasive abilities (P<0.01), while the control groups did not demonstrate the abilities. In the mouse xenograft tumor model, HBE cells stably expressing RELCH-RET developed significant tumor nodules (P<0.001), whereas the control groups (empty vector and wild-type RET) failed to exhibit detectable tumor growth. Western blotting revealed that RELCH-RET could induce the autophosphorylation of the RET tyrosine residue (Y905) and significantly up-regulate the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, EGFR (Y845), and STAT3 (Y705) proteins. Chemical cross-linking combined with Western blot analysis demonstrated that RELCH-RET formed a dimer (~170 kDa) in HBE cells, which is reversibly dissociated into monomers upon decross-linking treatment.

Conclusion‍

The novel fusion gene RELCH-RET, promotes ligand-independent dimerization/oligomerization, thereby mediating RET autophosphorylation, subsequently activates the downstream typical RET signaling pathway and ultimately drives the malignant transformation of normal HBE cells.

, authors=Xiaogang ZHOU1, 2, Xianglin HAO1, Jiying XIA1, Zhimin HUANGFU1, Wanlei FU1, Yangfan LYU1, Qiaonan GUO1, authorsList=Xiaogang ZHOU, Xianglin HAO, Jiying XIA, Zhimin HUANGFU, Wanlei FU, Yangfan LYU, Qiaonan GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiaonan GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322185531614679389, articleId=1322185528410231120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=新融合基因RELCH-RET驱动人支气管上皮细胞恶性转化的作用及机制的初步探究, columnId=1322185528879993170, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨新融合基因RELCH-RET驱动正常人支气管上皮(human bronchial epithelial,HBE)细胞发生恶性转化的作用及初步机制。

方法

本研究基于2019年1月至2022年6月陆军军医大学第二附属医院非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者回顾性临床数据(n=469),筛选出RELCH-RET融合基因作为研究靶点。为进一步验证其功能及机制,构建3组细胞模型:阴性对照组(HBE VC,转染空载慢病毒)、RET对照组(HBE RET,转染Flag-RET过表达慢病毒)及实验组(HBE RELCH-RET,转染Flag-RELCH-RET过表达慢病毒);MTS检测细胞增殖情况,Transwell实验分析细胞迁移、侵袭能力;利用15只4周龄雌性肥胖型糖尿病/严重联合免疫缺陷(non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency,NOD/SCID)小鼠(SPF级),体质量(15.1±0.4)g,随机分为3组(n=5),通过皮下移植瘤实验评估体内成瘤能力;Western blot检测RET酪氨酸激酶(Y905)自磷酸化水平及其下游信号通路关键蛋白ERK1/2、EGFR(Y845)和STAT3(Y705)的磷酸化水平;采用化学交联法结合Western blot分析RELCH-RET的二聚化及多聚化状态,并通过解交联实验验证其可逆性。

结果

在NSCLC患者中筛选出3例阳性RELCH-RET融合基因患者;与HBE VC及HBE RET组相比,HBE RELCH-RET组细胞增殖能力显著增强(P<0.01),且获得迁移及侵袭能力(P<0.01),而对照组未表现出迁移及侵袭能力;小鼠异种移植瘤实验可见HBE RELCH-RET组形成明显肿瘤结节(P<0.001),而对照组无肿瘤生长;Western blot结果提示,RELCH-RET可诱导RET酪氨酸残基(Y905)发生磷酸化自激活,并显著上调ERK1/2、EGFR(Y845)及STAT3(Y705)蛋白的磷酸化水平;化学交联-Western blot分析证实RELCH-RET在HBE细胞中形成分子量约为170 kDa的二聚体,经解交联处理后可恢复至单体状态。

结论

本研究初步揭示了RELCH-RET通过以不依赖配体方式二聚化或多聚化介导RET磷酸化自激活,进而激活下游典型RET信号通路,最终驱动正常HBE细胞恶性转化。

, authors=周小刚1, 2, 郝翔麟1, 夏吉影1, 皇甫志敏1, 付万垒1, 吕杨帆1, 郭乔楠1, authorsList=周小刚, 郝翔麟, 夏吉影, 皇甫志敏, 付万垒, 吕杨帆, 郭乔楠, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭乔楠, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
郭乔楠,E-mail:
GUO Qiaonan,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=2Kts3e6gqtQ4Njop0pdbPw==, magXml=odUSnnI9p+3RvRBLahOFiA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=XekpOLas7vTRMOMNxrGclw==, pdfFileSize=1824518, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=sWLFs8/xjQByQKJ71T+YpA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=yrVFWnovgE49vk/Gy60okg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322185532029915493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532117995880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532029915493, language=EN, stringName=Xiaogang ZHOU, firstName=Xiaogang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing
2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA,Wuhan,Hubei,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532176716137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532029915493, language=CN, stringName=周小刚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆
2中国人民解放军中部战区总医院呼吸与危重症医学科,湖北 武汉, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322185531950223713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531958612322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531950223713, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA,Wuhan,Hubei,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531967000931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531950223713, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国人民解放军中部战区总医院呼吸与危重症医学科,湖北 武汉)])]), Author(id=1322185532239630699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532310933869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532239630699, language=EN, stringName=Xianglin HAO, firstName=Xianglin, middleName=null, lastName=HAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532373848430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532239630699, language=CN, stringName=郝翔麟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])]), Author(id=1322185532428374384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532495483250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532428374384, language=EN, stringName=Jiying XIA, firstName=Jiying, middleName=null, lastName=XIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532566786419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532428374384, language=CN, stringName=夏吉影, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])]), Author(id=1322185532629700981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532713587063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532629700981, language=EN, stringName=Zhimin HUANGFU, firstName=Zhimin, middleName=null, lastName=HUANGFU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532784890232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532629700981, language=CN, stringName=皇甫志敏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])]), Author(id=1322185532847804794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532940079484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532847804794, language=EN, stringName=Wanlei FU, firstName=Wanlei, middleName=null, lastName=FU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185533032354173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532847804794, language=CN, stringName=付万垒, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])]), Author(id=1322185533116240255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185533183349121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185533116240255, language=EN, stringName=Yangfan LYU, firstName=Yangfan, middleName=null, lastName=LYU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185533263040898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185533116240255, language=CN, stringName=吕杨帆, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])]), Author(id=1322185534965928324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qiaonan85@263.net, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185535049814406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185534965928324, language=EN, stringName=Qiaonan GUO, firstName=Qiaonan, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185535112728967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185534965928324, language=CN, stringName=郭乔楠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1322185535200809352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=RELCH-RET), Keyword(id=1322185535267918217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=fusion gene), Keyword(id=1322185535339221386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=malignant transformation), Keyword(id=1322185535423107467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=human bronchial epithelial cells), Keyword(id=1322185535490216332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=RELCH-RET), Keyword(id=1322185535561519501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=融合基因), Keyword(id=1322185535632822670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=恶性转化), Keyword(id=1322185535704125839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=人支气管上皮细胞)], refs=[Reference(id=1322185536719147418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.3322/caac. 21834, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=74, issue=3, pageStart=229, pageEnd=263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=BRAY F, LAVERSANNE M, SUNG H, journalName=CA Cancer J Clin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BRAY F,LAVERSANNE M,SUNG H,et al. Global cancer statistics 2022:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2024,74(3):229-263., articleTitle=Global cancer statistics 2022:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185536782061979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.6004/jnccn.2017.0050, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=15, issue=4, pageStart=504, pageEnd=535, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=ETTINGER D S, WOOD D E, AISNER D L, journalName=J Natl Compr Canc Netw, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ETTINGER D S,WOOD D E,AISNER D L,et al. Non-small cell lung cancer,version 5.2017,NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology[J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw,2017,15(4):504-535., articleTitle=Non-small cell lung cancer,version 5.2017,NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185536874336668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1101/gr.133645.111, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=22, issue=3, pageStart=436, pageEnd=445, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=JU Y S, LEE W C, SHIN J Y, journalName=Genome Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JU Y S,LEE W C,SHIN J Y,et al. A transforming KIF5B and RET gene fusion in lung adenocarcinoma revealed from whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing[J]. Genome Res,2012,22(3):436-445., articleTitle=A transforming KIF5B and RET gene fusion in lung adenocarcinoma revealed from whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185536995971485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1016/j.jtho. 2018.07.004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=13, issue=10, pageStart=1595, pageEnd=1601, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=DRILON A, LIN J J, FILLERON T, journalName=J Thorac Oncol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DRILON A,LIN J J,FILLERON T,et al. Frequency of brain metastases and multikinase inhibitor outcomes in patients with RET-rearranged lung cancers[J]. J Thorac Oncol,2018,13(10):1595-1601., articleTitle=Frequency of brain metastases and multikinase inhibitor outcomes in patients with RET-rearranged lung cancers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185537079857566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1038/nm.2673, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=18, issue=3, pageStart=382, pageEnd=384, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=LIPSON D, CAPELLETTI M, YELENSKY R, journalName=Nat Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIPSON D,CAPELLETTI M,YELENSKY R,et al. Identification of new ALK and RET gene fusions from colorectal and lung cancer biopsies[J]. Nat Med,2012,18(3):382-384., articleTitle=Identification of new ALK and RET gene fusions from colorectal and lung cancer biopsies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185537151160735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.3390/cancers 13174415, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=13, issue=17, pageStart=4415, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=CASCETTA P, SFORZA V, MANZO A, journalName=Cancers (Basel), refType=null, unstructuredReference=CASCETTA P,SFORZA V,MANZO A,et al. RET inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. Cancers (Basel),2021,13(17):4415., articleTitle=RET inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185537226658208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1200/JCO.2012.44.1477, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=30, issue=35, pageStart=4352, pageEnd=4359, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=WANG R, HU H C, PAN Y J, journalName=J Clin Oncol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG R,HU H C,PAN Y J,et al. RET fusions define a unique molecular and clinicopathologic subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2012,30(35):4352-4359., articleTitle=RET fusions define a unique molecular and clinicopathologic subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185537306349985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1016/0092-8674(85)90115-1, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1985, volume=42, issue=2, pageStart=581, pageEnd=588, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=TAKAHASHI M, RITZ J, COOPER G M, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAKAHASHI M,RITZ J,COOPER G M. Activation of a novel human transforming gene,RET,by DNA rearrangement[J]. Cell. 1985;42(2):581-588., articleTitle=Activation of a novel human transforming gene,RET,by DNA rearrangement, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185537373458850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.3390/ijms21197108, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=21, issue=19, pageStart=7108, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=MAHATO A K, SIDOROVA Y A, journalName=Int J Mol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAHATO A K,SIDOROVA Y A. RET receptor tyrosine kinase:role in neurodegeneration,obesity,and cancer[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2020,21(19):7108., articleTitle=RET receptor tyrosine kinase:role in neurodegeneration,obesity,and cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185537440567715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.2183/pjab.98.008, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=98, issue=3, pageStart=112, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=TAKAHASHI M, journalName=Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAKAHASHI M. RET receptor signaling:Function in development,metabolic disease,and cancer[J]. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci,2022,98(3):112-125., articleTitle=RET receptor signaling:Function in development,metabolic disease,and cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185537532842404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.101911, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=81, issue=null, pageStart=101911, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=LI A Y, MCCUSKER M G, RUSSO A, journalName=Cancer Treat Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI A Y,MCCUSKER M G,RUSSO A,et al. RET fusions in solid tumors[J]. Cancer Treat Rev,2019,81:101911., articleTitle=RET fusions in solid tumors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185537599951269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2510, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=15, issue=2, pageStart=e27, pageEnd=e28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=JIANG H C, XIAO M Z, QI C, journalName=J Thorac Oncol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG H C,XIAO M Z,QI C,et al. A novel oncogenic RET fusion variant in non-small cell lung cancer:RELCH-RET[J]. J Thorac Oncol,2020,15(2):e27-e28., articleTitle=A novel oncogenic RET fusion variant in non-small cell lung cancer:RELCH-RET, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185537688031654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0107, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=20, issue=12, pageStart=3087, pageEnd=3093, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=NAKAOKU T, TSUTA K, ICHIKAWA H, journalName=Clin Cancer Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NAKAOKU T,TSUTA K,ICHIKAWA H,et al. Druggable oncogene fusions in invasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2014,20(12):3087-3093., articleTitle=Druggable oncogene fusions in invasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185537771917735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1111/1759-7714.12495, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=8, issue=6, pageStart=710, pageEnd=713, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=TIAN Y, ZHENG W Q, GE H J, journalName=Thorac Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN Y,ZHENG W Q,GE H J,et al. Molecular characteristics of multifocal invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung:Report of a rare case[J]. Thorac Cancer,2017,8(6):710-713., articleTitle=Molecular characteristics of multifocal invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung:Report of a rare case, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185539411890600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.11.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=230, issue=null, pageStart=13, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=STAUBITZ J I, SCHAD A, SPRINGER E, journalName=Cancer Genet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STAUBITZ J I,SCHAD A,SPRINGER E,et al. Novel rearrangements involving the RET gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Cancer Genet,2019,230:13-20., articleTitle=Novel rearrangements involving the RET gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185539491582377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.4161/cc.4.11.2151, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=4, issue=11, pageStart=1632, pageEnd=1640, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=GERLITZ G, DARHIN E, GIORGIO G, journalName=Cell Cycle, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GERLITZ G,DARHIN E,GIORGIO G,et al. Novel functional features of the lis-H domain:role in protein dimerization,half-life and cellular localization[J]. Cell Cycle,2005,4(11):1632-1640., articleTitle=Novel functional features of the lis-H domain:role in protein dimerization,half-life and cellular localization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185539600634282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1007/s43032-021-00595-2, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=28, issue=10, pageStart=2725, pageEnd=2734, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=PRIYANKA P P, YENUGU S, journalName=Reprod Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PRIYANKA P P,YENUGU S. Coiled-coil domain-containing (CCDC) proteins:functional roles in general and male reproductive physiology[J]. Reprod Sci,2021,28(10):2725-2734., articleTitle=Coiled-coil domain-containing (CCDC) proteins:functional roles in general and male reproductive physiology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185539688714667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1038/s41467-020-15955-w, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=2056, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=KRISHNAN A, BERTHELET J, RENAUD E, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KRISHNAN A,BERTHELET J,RENAUD E,et al. Proteogenomics analysis unveils a TFG-RET gene fusion and druggable targets in papillary thyroid carcinomas[J]. Nat Commun,2020,11(1):2056., articleTitle=Proteogenomics analysis unveils a TFG-RET gene fusion and druggable targets in papillary thyroid carcinomas, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185539768406444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1038/s41388-021-02072-1, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=72, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=LIU W L, LI H Z, AERBAJINAI W, journalName=Oncogene, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU W L,LI H Z,AERBAJINAI W,et al. OLFM4-RET fusion is an oncogenic driver in small intestine adenocarcinoma[J]. Oncogene,2022,41(1):72-82., articleTitle=OLFM4-RET fusion is an oncogenic driver in small intestine adenocarcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185539852292525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104973, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=111, issue=null, pageStart=104973, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=WEI D L, CHEN D S, LI L J, journalName=Oral Oncol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI D L,CHEN D S,LI L J,et al. ALG8-RET:a novel RET rearrangement in a patient with malignant melanoma of the palatal mucosal[J]. Oral Oncol,2020,111:104973., articleTitle=ALG8-RET:a novel RET rearrangement in a patient with malignant melanoma of the palatal mucosal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185539952955822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2022. 100686, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=3, issue=7, pageStart=100686, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=ESTRADA-ZUNIGA C M, CHENG Z M, ETHIRAJ P, journalName=Cell Rep Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ESTRADA-ZUNIGA C M,CHENG Z M,ETHIRAJ P,et al. A RET::GRB2 fusion in pheochromocytoma defies the classic paradigm of RET oncogenic fusions[J]. Cell Rep Med,2022,3(7):100686., articleTitle=A RET::GRB2 fusion in pheochromocytoma defies the classic paradigm of RET oncogenic fusions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185540036841903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1530/ERC-16-0393, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=53, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=LIAN E Y, MARITAN S M, COCKBURN J G, journalName=Endocr Relat Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIAN E Y,MARITAN S M,COCKBURN J G,et al. Differential roles of RET isoforms in medullary and papillary thyroid carcinomas[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer,2017,24(1):53-69., articleTitle=Differential roles of RET isoforms in medullary and papillary thyroid carcinomas, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185540103950768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1530/ERC-17-0303, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=25, issue=2, pageStart=T105, pageEnd=T119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=CASTELLONE M D, MELILLO R M, journalName=Endocr Relat Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CASTELLONE M D,MELILLO R M. RET-mediated modulation of tumor microenvironment and immune response in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2)[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer,2018,25(2):T105-T119., articleTitle=RET-mediated modulation of tumor microenvironment and immune response in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185540183642545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.3389/fphys.2018.01873, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=1873, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=MULLIGAN L M, journalName=Front Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MULLIGAN L M. GDNF and the RET receptor in cancer:new insights and therapeutic potential[J]. Front Physiol,2019,9:1873., articleTitle=GDNF and the RET receptor in cancer:new insights and therapeutic potential, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185540250751410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1093/oncolo/oyac264, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=402, pageEnd=413, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=NOVELLO S, CALIFANO R, REINMUTH N, journalName=Oncologist, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NOVELLO S,CALIFANO R,REINMUTH N,et al. RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer:the evolving treatment landscape[J]. Oncologist. 2023;28(5):402-413., articleTitle=RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer:the evolving treatment landscape, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185540338831795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2309457, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=389, issue=20, pageStart=1839, pageEnd=1850, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=ZHOU C C, SOLOMON B, LOONG H H, journalName=N Engl J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU C C,SOLOMON B,LOONG H H,et al. First-line selpercatinib or chemotherapy and pembrolizumab in RET fusion-positive NSCLC[J]. N Engl J Med,2023,389(20):1839-1850., articleTitle=First-line selpercatinib or chemotherapy and pembrolizumab in RET fusion-positive NSCLC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322185540410134964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, doi=10.1007/s40265-024-02040-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=84, issue=9, pageStart=1035, pageEnd=1053, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=CHEN M F, REPETTO M, WILHELM C, journalName=Drugs, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN M F,REPETTO M,WILHELM C,et al. RET inhibitors in RET fusion-positive lung cancers:past,present,and future[J]. Drugs,2024,84(9):1035-1053., articleTitle=RET inhibitors in RET fusion-positive lung cancers:past,present,and future, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322185531950223713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531958612322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531950223713, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA,Wuhan,Hubei,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531967000931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531950223713, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国人民解放军中部战区总医院呼吸与危重症医学科,湖北 武汉)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322185535884480912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=q51hFY2u3M6OA6m2W/puMw==, figureFileBig=sWLFs8/xjQByQKJ71T+YpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185535951589777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=CN, label=图1, caption=3例RELCH-RET融合阳性NSCLC患者的影像学、组织病理及分子检测结果

A:患者肺部CT影像学和肿瘤组织HE染色图;B:肿瘤组织FISH检测结果及RELCH基因和RET基因外显子重排示意图

, figureFileSmall=q51hFY2u3M6OA6m2W/puMw==, figureFileBig=sWLFs8/xjQByQKJ71T+YpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536131944850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=oG7+2qxr4AFBVIjcyGnROA==, figureFileBig=7uxAEN2vxsdtfpAMnj1oEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536203248019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=CN, label=图2, caption=RELCH-RET融合蛋白的表达及功能验证

a:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=oG7+2qxr4AFBVIjcyGnROA==, figureFileBig=7uxAEN2vxsdtfpAMnj1oEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536266162580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PbHlQOCNQjTOBM5MGwXYcA==, figureFileBig=p/y7ar9jHeJ/dfWbmhLmxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536350048661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=CN, label=图3, caption=HBE RELCH-RET细胞的体内成瘤能力及肿瘤组织病理学分析

A:HBE VC、HBE RET及HBE RELCH-RET细胞的皮下移植瘤情况;B:剥离后的肿瘤组织;C:肿瘤质量统计分析 a:P<0.001;D:肿瘤体积动态变化曲线图 a:P<0.001,与HBE VC组比较;b:P<0.001,与HBE RET组比较;E:HE染色显示肿瘤组织形态学特征;F:免疫组化检测TTF-1、CK-7表达;G:AB-PAS特殊染色检测黏液分泌

, figureFileSmall=PbHlQOCNQjTOBM5MGwXYcA==, figureFileBig=p/y7ar9jHeJ/dfWbmhLmxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536425546134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hkdDC2r/sUdCkAUxFRCp2w==, figureFileBig=DkNxASvzC4j+xvpePGzO4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536505237911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=CN, label=图4, caption=RELCH-RET导致的RET信号通路下游蛋白表达量及磷酸化的变化, figureFileSmall=hkdDC2r/sUdCkAUxFRCp2w==, figureFileBig=DkNxASvzC4j+xvpePGzO4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536563958168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pHREydapJOZTuCQR3aTLcg==, figureFileBig=05g30WMJEJXgFIxjMRtl7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536622678425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, language=CN, label=图5, caption=RELCH-RET融合蛋白的结构域特征及二聚化/多聚化分析

A:RELCH-RET 蛋白结构示意图;B:对HBE RET、HBE RELCH-RET细胞进行化学交联及解交联处理后的Western blot检测

, figureFileSmall=pHREydapJOZTuCQR3aTLcg==, figureFileBig=05g30WMJEJXgFIxjMRtl7A==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1319372634082869396, delFlag=0, nameCn=陆军军医大学学报, nameEn=Journal of Army Medical University, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2097-0927, eissn=null, cn=50-1223/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=zdiTazv9TbsMJqLaCJ/k7A==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Army Medical University, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1792492548725, updatedTime=1792745216517, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=L, firstLetterEn=L, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=zdiTazv9TbsMJqLaCJ/k7A==, picEn=931BgeD2k9AIsc7QjHoQKg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1320432400862135101, language=CN, name=陆军军医大学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1792745216813, updatedTime=1792745216813, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ljjydx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn, submissionReviewUrl=https://ljjydx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1320432400933438270, language=EN, name=Journal of Army Medical University, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1792745216830, updatedTime=1792745216830, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ljjydx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn, submissionReviewUrl=https://ljjydx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1319373162502258839, websiteList=[Website(id=1319376331821925278, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1319373162502258839, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1792493430333, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1792493552921, updateBy=18614031015, name=陆军军医大学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=陆军军医大学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1319376971570729589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1792493582861, updateTime=1792493582861, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971549758066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1792493582856, updateTime=1792493582856, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971591701112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493582866, updateTime=1792493582866, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971541369457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=Mmvh7crXM7dcUwf9n9+ehg==, createTime=1792493582854, updateTime=1792493582854, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971608478330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493582870, updateTime=1792493582870, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971562340980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1792493582859, updateTime=1792493582859, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971600089721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493582868, updateTime=1792493582868, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971558146675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1792493582858, updateTime=1792493582858, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971574923894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1792493582862, updateTime=1792493582862, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971583312503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1792493582864, updateTime=1792493582864, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1319376331905811365, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1319373162502258839, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1792493430353, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1792493548158, updateBy=18614031015, name=陆军军医大学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Army Medical University, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1319376935873008230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1792493574350, updateTime=1792493574350, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935843648099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1792493574343, updateTime=1792493574343, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935902368361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493574357, updateTime=1792493574357, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935835259490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=Mmvh7crXM7dcUwf9n9+ehg==, createTime=1792493574341, updateTime=1792493574341, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935914951275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493574360, updateTime=1792493574360, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935864619621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1792493574348, updateTime=1792493574348, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935906562666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493574358, updateTime=1792493574358, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935856231012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1792493574346, updateTime=1792493574346, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935881396839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1792493574352, updateTime=1792493574352, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935889785448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1792493574354, updateTime=1792493574354, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://aammt.tmmu.edu.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Army Medical University, journalPhotoCn=zdiTazv9TbsMJqLaCJ/k7A==, journalPhotoEn=931BgeD2k9AIsc7QjHoQKg==, journalFirstLetter=L, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502092, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/EN/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502092, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/PDF/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502092, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/EN/PDF/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502092, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1752508800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
新融合基因RELCH-RET驱动人支气管上皮细胞恶性转化的作用及机制的初步探究
收藏切换
PDF下载
周小刚 1, 2 , 郝翔麟 1 , 夏吉影 1 , 皇甫志敏 1 , 付万垒 1 , 吕杨帆 1 , 郭乔楠 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学 2025,47(13): 1444-1453
收起
收藏切换
陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学 2025 , 47 (13) : 1444 -1453
新融合基因RELCH-RET驱动人支气管上皮细胞恶性转化的作用及机制的初步探究
全屏
[Author(id=1322185532029915493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532117995880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532029915493, language=EN, stringName=Xiaogang ZHOU, firstName=Xiaogang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing
2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA,Wuhan,Hubei,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532176716137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532029915493, language=CN, stringName=周小刚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆
2中国人民解放军中部战区总医院呼吸与危重症医学科,湖北 武汉, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322185531950223713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531958612322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531950223713, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA,Wuhan,Hubei,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531967000931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531950223713, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国人民解放军中部战区总医院呼吸与危重症医学科,湖北 武汉)])]), Author(id=1322185532239630699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532310933869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532239630699, language=EN, stringName=Xianglin HAO, firstName=Xianglin, middleName=null, lastName=HAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532373848430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532239630699, language=CN, stringName=郝翔麟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])]), Author(id=1322185532428374384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532495483250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532428374384, language=EN, stringName=Jiying XIA, firstName=Jiying, middleName=null, lastName=XIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532566786419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532428374384, language=CN, stringName=夏吉影, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])]), Author(id=1322185532629700981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532713587063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532629700981, language=EN, stringName=Zhimin HUANGFU, firstName=Zhimin, middleName=null, lastName=HUANGFU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532784890232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532629700981, language=CN, stringName=皇甫志敏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])]), Author(id=1322185532847804794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185532940079484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532847804794, language=EN, stringName=Wanlei FU, firstName=Wanlei, middleName=null, lastName=FU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185533032354173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185532847804794, language=CN, stringName=付万垒, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])]), Author(id=1322185533116240255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185533183349121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185533116240255, language=EN, stringName=Yangfan LYU, firstName=Yangfan, middleName=null, lastName=LYU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185533263040898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185533116240255, language=CN, stringName=吕杨帆, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])]), Author(id=1322185534965928324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qiaonan85@263.net, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322185535049814406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185534965928324, language=EN, stringName=Qiaonan GUO, firstName=Qiaonan, middleName=null, lastName=GUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322185535112728967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, authorId=1322185534965928324, language=CN, stringName=郭乔楠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185531849560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531862143327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185531874726240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528410231120, companyId=1322185531849560414, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆)])])]
周小刚1, 2, 郝翔麟1, 夏吉影1, 皇甫志敏1, 付万垒1, 吕杨帆1, 郭乔楠1
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆
  • 2中国人民解放军中部战区总医院呼吸与危重症医学科,湖北 武汉
通讯作者:
郭乔楠,E-mail:
GUO Qiaonan,E-mail:
Role and mechanism of a novel fusion gene RELCH-RET in driving malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells: a preliminary study
Xiaogang ZHOU1, 2, Xianglin HAO1, Jiying XIA1, Zhimin HUANGFU1, Wanlei FU1, Yangfan LYU1, Qiaonan GUO1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Pathology,Second Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing
  • 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA,Wuhan,Hubei,China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502092
文章导航
收藏切换
目的

探讨新融合基因RELCH-RET驱动正常人支气管上皮(human bronchial epithelial,HBE)细胞发生恶性转化的作用及初步机制。

方法

本研究基于2019年1月至2022年6月陆军军医大学第二附属医院非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者回顾性临床数据(n=469),筛选出RELCH-RET融合基因作为研究靶点。为进一步验证其功能及机制,构建3组细胞模型:阴性对照组(HBE VC,转染空载慢病毒)、RET对照组(HBE RET,转染Flag-RET过表达慢病毒)及实验组(HBE RELCH-RET,转染Flag-RELCH-RET过表达慢病毒);MTS检测细胞增殖情况,Transwell实验分析细胞迁移、侵袭能力;利用15只4周龄雌性肥胖型糖尿病/严重联合免疫缺陷(non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency,NOD/SCID)小鼠(SPF级),体质量(15.1±0.4)g,随机分为3组(n=5),通过皮下移植瘤实验评估体内成瘤能力;Western blot检测RET酪氨酸激酶(Y905)自磷酸化水平及其下游信号通路关键蛋白ERK1/2、EGFR(Y845)和STAT3(Y705)的磷酸化水平;采用化学交联法结合Western blot分析RELCH-RET的二聚化及多聚化状态,并通过解交联实验验证其可逆性。

结果

在NSCLC患者中筛选出3例阳性RELCH-RET融合基因患者;与HBE VC及HBE RET组相比,HBE RELCH-RET组细胞增殖能力显著增强(P<0.01),且获得迁移及侵袭能力(P<0.01),而对照组未表现出迁移及侵袭能力;小鼠异种移植瘤实验可见HBE RELCH-RET组形成明显肿瘤结节(P<0.001),而对照组无肿瘤生长;Western blot结果提示,RELCH-RET可诱导RET酪氨酸残基(Y905)发生磷酸化自激活,并显著上调ERK1/2、EGFR(Y845)及STAT3(Y705)蛋白的磷酸化水平;化学交联-Western blot分析证实RELCH-RET在HBE细胞中形成分子量约为170 kDa的二聚体,经解交联处理后可恢复至单体状态。

结论

本研究初步揭示了RELCH-RET通过以不依赖配体方式二聚化或多聚化介导RET磷酸化自激活,进而激活下游典型RET信号通路,最终驱动正常HBE细胞恶性转化。

RELCH-RET  /  融合基因  /  恶性转化  /  人支气管上皮细胞
Objective

To investigate the role and primary mechanism of a novel fusion gene RELCH-RET in driving the malignant transformation of normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells.

Methods‍

Based on retrospective clinical data from 456 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients admitted in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2019 to June 2022, a fusion gene, RELCH-RET,was identified as a research target. Three cell models were established: negative control (HBE VC, transfected with empty lentiviral vector), RET control (HBE RET, transfected withlentiviral overexpression vector of Flag-RET), and experimental group (HBE RELCH-RET, transfected with lentiviral overexpression vector of Flag-RELCH-RET). MTS assay and Transwell assay were used to detect cell proliferation and migratory and invasive abilities. In vivo tumorigenicity of the 3 cell models was assessed in 15 female non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice (SPF grade, 4 weeks old, weighing 15.1±0.4 g) via subcutaneous xenograft experiments, with 5 animals in each group. Western blotting was employed to detect the autophosphorylation of RET (Y905) and the phosphorylation of downstream signaling proteins ERK1/2, EGFR (Y845) and STAT3 (Y705). Dimerization and multimerization status of RELCH-RET were analyzed by chemical cross-linking (DTME treatment) in combination with Western blotting, with the reversibility being confirmed through de-cross-linking experiments.

Results‍

There were 3 cases carrying RELCH-RET fusion gene screened out from the 469 NSCLC patients. Compared with the HBE VC and HBE RET groups, the HBE RELCH-RET group exhibited significantly enhanced cell proliferation (P<0.01), and acquired migratory and invasive abilities (P<0.01), while the control groups did not demonstrate the abilities. In the mouse xenograft tumor model, HBE cells stably expressing RELCH-RET developed significant tumor nodules (P<0.001), whereas the control groups (empty vector and wild-type RET) failed to exhibit detectable tumor growth. Western blotting revealed that RELCH-RET could induce the autophosphorylation of the RET tyrosine residue (Y905) and significantly up-regulate the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, EGFR (Y845), and STAT3 (Y705) proteins. Chemical cross-linking combined with Western blot analysis demonstrated that RELCH-RET formed a dimer (~170 kDa) in HBE cells, which is reversibly dissociated into monomers upon decross-linking treatment.

Conclusion‍

The novel fusion gene RELCH-RET, promotes ligand-independent dimerization/oligomerization, thereby mediating RET autophosphorylation, subsequently activates the downstream typical RET signaling pathway and ultimately drives the malignant transformation of normal HBE cells.

RELCH-RET  /  fusion gene  /  malignant transformation  /  human bronchial epithelial cells
周小刚, 郝翔麟, 夏吉影, 皇甫志敏, 付万垒, 吕杨帆, 郭乔楠. 新融合基因RELCH-RET驱动人支气管上皮细胞恶性转化的作用及机制的初步探究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1444 -1453 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502092
Xiaogang ZHOU, Xianglin HAO, Jiying XIA, Zhimin HUANGFU, Wanlei FU, Yangfan LYU, Qiaonan GUO. Role and mechanism of a novel fusion gene RELCH-RET in driving malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells: a preliminary study[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1444 -1453 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502092
肺癌目前是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因,占癌症死亡总数的18.7%,5年生存率大约为25%[1],其中非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)占全部肺癌病例的80%~85%[2]。NSCLC的发病机制极为复杂,牵涉到多种驱动基因的变异,涵盖突变、融合/重排以及扩增等方面。2011年,研究人员首次在肺腺癌中发现转染期间重排(rearranged during transfection,RET)基因融合现象[3]。伴随基因测序技术的不断进步,在NSCLC中,迄今已鉴定出包括KIF5B、CCDC6和NCOA4在内的多种RET融合伴侣基因[4]。尽管RET融合在NSCLC中的总体发生率仅为1%~2%,但在驱动基因全阴性患者中可升高至6%[5],且这类患者初诊时脑转移率高达30%[6],淋巴结转移风险显著增加[7]。然而,现有的常见RET融合形式尚不能完全解释RET突变驱动的肿瘤发生机制,因此探寻新的RET融合形式并解析其分子机制具有重要科学意义。
RET基因最初由TAKAHASHI等[8]于1985年在转化培养的小鼠成纤维细胞NTH/3T3中被发现并予以命名。该基因全长约60 000 bp,定位于第10号染色体长臂上(10q11.2),编码一种分子量约150 kDa的受体型酪氨酸蛋白激酶,此激酶由胞外区、跨膜区以及胞内激酶功能区共同构成[9]。在正常生理状态下,胶质细胞系衍生神经营养因子(glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)家族配体(包括GDNF、NRTN、ARTN、PSPN)首先与细胞膜上的特异性GDNF家族受体(GFRα1~4)结合形成复合物;随后,该复合物通过构象变化诱导RET胞外结构域发生同源二聚化;进而引发胞内激酶结构域的自磷酸化;最终激活下游的RAS/MAPK、JNK、PI3K/AKT、JAK/STAT、PKA以及PKC等信号通路,从而精确调控细胞的增殖、分化等生理功能[10]。当RET基因发生融合突变时,其编码的蛋白能够摆脱配体的调控,通过不依赖配体的方式发生自磷酸化,从而持续激活下游信号通路,这种异常的激酶活化最终可能导致细胞恶性转化及肿瘤的发生[11]。
本课题组通过分析陆军军医大学第二附属医院NSCLC患者基因检测数据,结合国内外病例报道[12-15],发现 NSCLC中全新的融合基因:RELCH-RET,其融合位置呈现出高度的一致性,均由RELCH基因的第10号外显子与RET基因的第12号外显子发生融合(R10:R12)。该融合蛋白的N端包含2个卷曲螺旋(coiled-coil,CC)结构域(197-231和359-397位氨基酸)以及一个无脑回畸形1型特异性同源(lissencephaly type-specific homology,LisH)结构域(255-287位氨基酸);同时,其C端保留了完整的RET酪氨酸激酶结构域;值得注意的是,这些结构在蛋白二聚化或多聚化中发挥着关键作用[16-17]。由于目前所有相关报道及3名患者的基因检测数据中,均未发现除RELCH-RET融合以外的其他类型驱动基因突变或融合,推测RELCH-RET可能为NSCLC发生的潜在驱动基因,鉴于当前该融合基因的资料仅局限于病例报道,其功能及机制尚缺乏相关阐述,因此本研究围绕该基因的生物学功能展开了初步研究。
RPMI 1640培养基、PBS缓冲液、胰酶均购自美国Gibco公司,胎牛血清购自美国ZETA LIFE公司;1×PBST缓冲液、青-链霉素购自中国兰杰柯公司;Transwell小室、6孔板、Matrigel基质胶、96孔板购自美国康宁公司;二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol,DTT)、蛋白裂解液、SDS-PAGE凝胶快速配置试剂盒、蛋白酶抑制剂(phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride,PMSF)、结晶紫、二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)由上海碧云天公司生产;聚偏氯乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)膜购自瑞士罗氏公司;化学发光液(enhanced chemiluminescence,ECL)购自北京Solarbio公司;anti-RET、anti-pRET购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司,anti-β-ACTIN、anti-Flag、anti-ERK1/2、anti-pERK1/2、anti-STAT3、anti-pSTAT3(Y705)、anti-EGFR、anti-pEGFR(Y845)、HRP二抗均购自武汉Proteintech公司;二硫基-双马来酰亚胺乙烷(dithiobismaleimidoethane,DTME)购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;MTS细胞增殖检测试剂购自美国Sigma-Aldrich公司。
数据包括胸部CT影像、荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测图、基因检测报告、组织病理学图片,均由医院电子病历系统及影像归档系统导出,时间范围为2019年1月至2022年6月,共469例。患者个人信息均匿名化处理。纳入标准为完整且可溯源的检查报告,排除图像或数据缺失的报告。一名研究者筛选完后由另一名研究者复核,争议数据由第三位专家审核。数据匿名化存储,以确保患者隐私。本研究经陆军军医大学第二附属医院伦理委员会批准(EC2022-219-01)。
15只4周龄雌性肥胖型糖尿病/严重联合免疫缺陷(non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency,NOD/SCID)小鼠购自北京维通利华公司,体质量(15.1±0.4)g,饲养于陆军军医大学第二附属医院实验动物中心SPF级动物房,温度(22±1)℃,湿度50%~60%,12 h光照/黑暗循环,自由摄食饲料及灭菌水,实验前适应性饲养5~7 d。
人支气管上皮细胞(human bronchial epithelial,HBE)购自中国普赛诺公司,使用RPMI 1640培养基(含10%FBS及1%双抗)培养。
基于临床肺癌样本的高通量测序结果,确定RELCH基因1-10号外显子与RET基因12号外显子至3'端的融合断点后,将上述序列在RET终止密码子前插入FLAG标签(DYKDDDDK),并委托上海生工生物通过化学合成,测序正确后插入至慢病毒表达载体pLV[Exp]-EGFP:T2A:Puro-EF1A的多克隆位点,与载体自带的增强型绿色荧光蛋白报告基因及嘌呤霉素抗性基因(T2A分隔)共表达。病毒包装由上海生工生物公司完成,滴度分别为,VC:8×108 TU/mL,RET:2×108 TU/mL,RELCH-RET:5×108 TU/mL。
将HBE细胞以4×105个/孔的密度接入6孔板,设置3个复孔,放入5%CO2、37 ℃恒温细胞培养箱中培养。约24 h后,当细胞密度达到60%~70%,更换培养基,每孔分加入20 μL Flag-RET过表达慢病毒、20 μL Flag-RELCH-RET过表达慢病毒、20 μL空载慢病毒,培养24 h后用嘌呤霉素筛选,浓度为1 μg/mL,持续筛选48~72 h直至无细胞死亡。将构建成功的HBE VC、HBE RET、HBE RELCH-RET细胞培养于含10%FBS及1%双抗的RPMI 1640培养基中,置于5%CO2、37 ℃恒温细胞培养箱中,每天更换培养基。
细胞裂解液和PMSF按100∶1比例混合,取适当混合液提取细胞蛋白。根据试剂说明书配置好SDS-PAGE凝胶后,用提取的蛋白进行电泳。先恒压90 V 20 min,后将条件调为120 V 30 min。而后按恒流150 mA 2 h条件转膜,PDVF膜在室温下用3%BSA封闭1 h,完毕后置于摇床上用PBST洗2~3次,每次3~5 min,加入按抗体说明书配置好的一抗,4 ℃孵育过夜。用PBST洗膜2~3次,每次3~5 min,选择合适的1∶2 000 HRP标记的二抗放在摇床上,于室温条件孵育1 h,PBST洗膜2~3次,每次3~5 min,最后使用ECL发光液显影并拍照。
细胞按2 000个/孔接种于96孔板中,每组设置5个复孔,接种5板。待细胞贴壁后选1板弃掉培养基,将MTS溶液与含10%FBS的1640完全培养基按1∶9的体积比混合(10 µL MTS溶液+90 µL培养基),每孔加入100 µL混合液,静置于细胞培养箱中1 h,使用酶标仪对样本在490 nm波长处的光密度值进行测量。连续5 d同一时刻测定,统计并分析所得结果。
对数生长期细胞消化后,用无血清培养基对其进行重悬并计数。将孔径为8 μm的Transwell小室放置于6孔板中,细胞按3×105 个/孔,使用2 mL无血清培养基重悬后,接种至上室进行迁移实验;侵袭实验则需先在上室中铺稀释的基质胶,Matrigel基质胶与无血清培养基稀释比例为1∶8,细胞按3×105个/孔,使用2 mL无血清培养基重悬后,接种于上室;细胞种植完成后,所有下室补充含10%FBS的RPMI 1640培养基1 mL,将6孔板置于细胞培养箱中48 h后取出小室,弃培养基,PBS清洗2~3次后用4%多聚甲醛固定15 min,清洗后用结晶紫染色15 min,棉签擦掉小室内细胞后用PBS洗净结晶紫,烘干后置于光学显微镜下拍照。
将生长状态良好的细胞消化后计数,每只5×106个,用200 μL PBS重悬后注射至小鼠后背右侧皮下(n=5)。每隔3天观察小鼠生长状态,待皮下瘤成形后开始测量肿瘤长径(L)和短径(W),并按以下公式计算体积(V):V=L×W²/2。待肿瘤最大长径至15 mm后,腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠(10 μL/g)麻醉小鼠至翻正反射消失后,实施颈椎脱臼法安乐死。剥离皮下移植瘤,拍照完成后,将其放入含有10%福尔马林溶液中进行固定。将肿瘤组织制备成石蜡切片后进行免疫组化、苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin ,HE)染色及阿尔辛蓝-过碘酸雪夫(alcian blue-periodic acid-schiff,AB-PAS)染色。本研究经陆军军医大学实验动物伦理审查委员会批准(AMUWEC2020475)。
将石蜡切片用二甲苯脱蜡,后依次浸入100%、95%、70%乙醇中,各5 min,蒸馏水冲洗1~2 min。接着将切片浸入Alcian Blue染色液(pH=2.5)中30 min,蒸馏水冲洗切片。浸入1%过碘酸溶液中,氧化5~10 min。用蒸馏水冲洗切片1~2 min。将切片浸入Schiff试剂中,染色15~20 min,用流水冲洗多余染色液。依次将切片浸入70%、95%、100%乙醇中,各脱水5 min。将切片浸入二甲苯中透明化,每次5 min,重复2~3次。中性树胶封片后显微镜下观察。
石蜡切片脱蜡后,梯度乙醇(70%、80%、95%、100%)逐级水化各5 min,蒸馏水冲洗1 min。苏木精染色5 min,流水冲洗去除浮色,1%盐酸乙醇分化5 s,流水冲洗至切片返蓝。接着用0.5%伊红染液复染3 min,蒸馏水快速漂洗多余染液。依次经70%、80%、95%、100%梯度乙醇脱水各30 s,二甲苯透明后用中性树胶封片。
石蜡切片脱蜡后,梯度乙醇逐级水化。用0.01 mol/L柠檬酸钠缓冲液(pH=6.0),95 ℃水浴加热20 min,PBS漂洗2次。用3%H₂O₂室温孵育10 min,PBS冲洗后用5% BSA室温封闭30 min。用PBS漂洗后在切片上滴加一抗,4 ℃孵育过夜,PBS漂洗3次,滴加HRP标记二抗,室温孵育1 h。PBS彻底漂洗后,滴加DAB显色液(显微镜下动态监控显色进程),显色终止后蒸馏水冲洗。随后用苏木素复染1 min,盐酸乙醇分化,梯度乙醇脱水。切片经二甲苯透明后封片。
将HBE RELCH-RET细胞接种至6孔板(设3个复孔),待细胞汇合度达80%后弃培养基,用PBS清洗2次。其中1孔加入1 mL DMSO作为对照,另2孔各加入1 mL含2 mmol/L DTME的DMSO溶液,37 ℃孵育1 h。孵育结束后,弃DMSO及其中1孔DTME溶液,各加入1 mL PBS。而后弃剩余1孔DTME溶液,用PBS清洗后加入1 mL含10 mmol/L DTT的DMSO溶液继续孵育1 h。随后裂解细胞并提取蛋白,按Western blot实验步骤操作。同时,用HBE RET细胞重复上述相同实验步骤作为对照实验。
使用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件绘图。采用SPSS 27.0软件统计分析数据,计量资料用x¯±s表示,两组间比较使用独立样本t检验分析,多组间比较使用单因素方差分析,检验标准为α=0.05。
经筛查获得3例具有RELCH-RET新融合基因的NSCLC患者,其影像学检查显示,病灶均位于左肺;HE染色结果表明,3例肿瘤均为浸润性黏液腺癌,肿瘤组织分化程度不一,黏液含量也不同。其中患者2的组织切片镜下可见大量黏液腺体,并可见黏液湖(图1A)。肿瘤组织的FISH检测结果显示,红色荧光素标记的RET基因探针(5'端)与绿色荧光素标记的RELCH基因探针(3'端)在染色体上发生共定位,形成黄色融合点,红绿信号重叠(图1B),表明RET与RELCH基因间存在染色体内重排/融合。同时,基因检测报告提示,未发现其他驱动基因出现融合或突变情况。这些发现不仅证实了RELCH-RET融合基因在NSCLC中的真实存在,而且为后续研究该融合基因的致癌机制提供了重要的临床样本基础。
通过慢病毒介导的过表达技术,在HBE细胞中分别过表达野生型Flag-RET及Flag-RELCH-RET,Western blot分析显示,野生型RET蛋白的分子量约为150 kDa,而RELCH-RET融合蛋白则为85 kDa(图 2A)。进一步在患者肿瘤组织样本中验证发现,RELCH-RET融合蛋白同样为85 kDa(图2B),表明该融合蛋白在体内外分子量一致。MTS细胞增殖检测法结果显示,与对照组相比,过表达RELCH-RET的HBE细胞增殖能力显著增强(P<0.01);野生型RET过表达组的增殖能力也显著高于空载组(P<0.01,图2C),提示除致癌性激活突变外,RET蛋白在生理状态下,其酪氨酸激酶活性可能对细胞增殖具有正性调节作用。进一步通过Transwell迁移与侵袭实验发现,该融合基因可使HBE细胞获得迁移及侵袭能力,而RET过表达组和阴性对照组均未出现此类恶性表型(P<0.01,见图2D、E)。上述结果表明,RELCH-RET融合基因不仅促进细胞增殖,还可使正常HBE细胞获得迁移与侵袭能力,这一特征与肿瘤恶性进展密切相关。
为明确RELCH-RET融合基因在体内对HBE细胞恶性转化及肿瘤形成的驱动作用,本研究通过构建异种移植瘤模型进行验证。将稳定过表达RELCH-RET的HBE细胞、野生型RET过表达的HBE细胞及空载对照的HBE细胞分别接种于NOD/SCID小鼠右侧背侧皮下。结果显示,RELCH-RET过表达组最终成瘤率为100%,而野生型RET组及空载对照组均未见肿瘤生成(图3A)。肿瘤大体标本显示,HBE RELCH-RET组瘤体呈不规则结节(图3B),平均体质量(0.27±0.02)g,显著高于对照组(P<0.001,图 3C),肿瘤生长曲线进一步证实HBE RELCH-RET组瘤体可随时间快速增长(P<0.001,图3D)。组织病理学分析显示,HE染色可见肿瘤细胞呈弥漫性巢团状排列,伴纤维间隔,细胞形态呈“煎蛋样”平铺,胞质空亮,核异型性显著(核质比增高、核仁明显),并可见核分裂象(图3E)。免疫组化结果显示肿瘤细胞TTF-1阴性、CK-7阳性(图3F),AB-PAS染色显示黏液分泌阳性(图3G),符合肺黏液性腺癌的病理特征。上述体内实验证据表明,RELCH-RET融合基因可独立驱动HBE细胞发生恶性转化,并形成具有侵袭性特征的黏液腺癌,提示其作为致癌驱动因子的重要作用。
为阐明RELCH-RET融合蛋白的分子机制,采用Western blot检测了HBE VC、HBE RET、HBE RELCH-RET 3组细胞中RET酪氨酸激酶(Y905)及其下游信号分子的磷酸化水平。结果显示,过表达RELCH-RET的HBE细胞中RET(Y905)自磷酸化水平较空载对照组及野生型RET过表达组均显著增强(图 4),提示该融合基因能够促使RET发生磷酸化自激活。进一步分析显示,RELCH-RET可激活RET下游经典信号通路:包括MAPK/ERK通路关键分子ERK1/2(Thr202/Tyr204)的磷酸化水平升高、JAK/STAT通路中STAT3(Y705)的激活,以及EGFR(Y845)酪氨酸磷酸化增强(图4)。上述结果表明,RELCH-RET可通过诱导RET自磷酸化实现持续性激活,进而调控MAPK/ERK、STAT3和EGFR信号轴。
通过对RELCH-RET融合蛋白结构域特征的分析,发现其N端具有两个CC结构域及一个LisH结构域(图5A)。为探究该融合蛋白是否能够通过结构介导的自激活方式来激活RET信号通路,通过化学交联实验结合Western blot,发现RELCH-RET融合蛋白可形成分子量约为170 kDa的二聚体,而野生型RET因分子量超出凝胶分离范围未检测到多聚化条带;经DTT解交联处理后,RELCH-RET、RET二聚体或多聚体又解离为单体(图5B)。上述结果表明,RELCH-RET可发生不依赖配体的二聚体化或多聚体化,进而导致RET磷酸化自激活及下游信号通路的异常激活。这一结构性自激活机制为RELCH-RET驱动的HBE细胞恶性转化提供了直接分子证据。
本研究筛查出的3例RELCH-RET融合阳性病例均表现出典型的RET融合肿瘤临床病理特征。值得注意的是,现有临床证据一致表明该融合类型与高度侵袭性表型相关:在STAUBITZ等[15]报道中,具有该融合类型的甲状腺乳头状癌患者在接受手术和放射性碘治疗后迅速出现复发和淋巴结转移,且比另一位RUFY2-RET融合患者更早出现复发;在TIAN等[14]报道中,RELCH-RET融合的NSCLC患者在接受4个疗程的化疗后,肿瘤大小依然未见缩小。这些临床发现提示RELCH-RET可能赋予肿瘤更强的恶性生物学行为。同时,RET融合还与其他多种恶性肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,包括甲状腺乳头状癌、结直肠癌、嗜铬细胞瘤和黑色素瘤等[18-21],凸显了RET信号通路的异常在肿瘤发生中的广泛作用。有研究表明,RET激活后会致使转录因子(如SLUG、SNAIL、ZEB、TWIST)、黏附蛋白(如E-钙黏蛋白、N-钙黏蛋白、波形蛋白)以及基质重塑蛋白(如基质金属蛋白酶)的表达失衡,促使癌细胞呈现出更多的间质表型[22],经历RET介导的上皮间质转化的细胞会对其肌动蛋白细胞骨架进行重塑并丧失细胞极性,进而变得更为活跃,并且增强了降解细胞外基质以促进细胞侵袭的能力[23]。RET活化后诱导的促炎性蛋白,可促使更多的中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫细胞向肿瘤部位汇聚,且这些细胞可表达一定量RET,进而有可能在GDNF家族配体的激活作用下,最终促进肿瘤增殖和侵袭[24]。这些分子层面的发现为理解RELCH-RET融合肿瘤的高侵袭性提供了机制基础。
进一步研究发现,RELCH-RET蛋白通过其N端与C端特殊结构域介导的同源二聚化或多聚化,诱导RET Y905位点自磷酸化,进而激活下游信号通路。这种不依赖配体的结构性激活机制与甲状腺癌中TFG-RET及结肠癌中OLFM4-RET融合基因的致癌模式具有相似性[18-19],提示不同组织来源的RET融合基因可能存在相似的激酶活化机制,这种相似性不仅为研究RET融合基因的致癌本质提供了重要线索,还为开发针对不同RET融合亚型的通用靶向治疗策略提供了理论依据。
尽管以塞普替尼和普拉替尼为代表的RET抑制剂显著改善了患者预后,客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)达63%~84%,中位无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)达24.8个月[25-26]。然而,部分患者因继发性RET激酶域突变(如G810C/S/R)或旁路信号激活(如MET扩增)出现获得性耐药,需进一步探索联合治疗方案或开发新一代RET抑制剂以克服耐药挑战[27]。对此,本研究揭示的RELCH-RET自激活机制提示,早期联合使用RET抑制剂与MEK/STAT3等通路抑制剂可能延缓耐药发生,但需进一步验证。
综上所述,本研究不仅证实RELCH-RET是NSCLC的新型驱动基因,还初步阐明了其通过结构域介导的RET自激活进而激活其下游信号通路的机制,为临床精准治疗提供了潜在靶点。然而对于该融合基因的特异性功能及调控机制仍有待深入探讨。因此,后续拟围绕该融合基因作用的下游靶蛋白,以及如何调控下游靶蛋白的分子机制展开进一步研究。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
BRAY F,LAVERSANNE M,SUNG H,et al. Global cancer statistics 2022:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2024,74(3):229-263.
2
ETTINGER D S,WOOD D E,AISNER D L,et al. Non-small cell lung cancer,version 5.2017,NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology[J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw,2017,15(4):504-535.
3
JU Y S,LEE W C,SHIN J Y,et al. A transforming KIF5B and RET gene fusion in lung adenocarcinoma revealed from whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing[J]. Genome Res,2012,22(3):436-445.
4
DRILON A,LIN J J,FILLERON T,et al. Frequency of brain metastases and multikinase inhibitor outcomes in patients with RET-rearranged lung cancers[J]. J Thorac Oncol,2018,13(10):1595-1601.
5
LIPSON D,CAPELLETTI M,YELENSKY R,et al. Identification of new ALK and RET gene fusions from colorectal and lung cancer biopsies[J]. Nat Med,2012,18(3):382-384.
6
CASCETTA P,SFORZA V,MANZO A,et al. RET inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. Cancers (Basel),2021,13(17):4415.
7
WANG R,HU H C,PAN Y J,et al. RET fusions define a unique molecular and clinicopathologic subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol,2012,30(35):4352-4359.
8
TAKAHASHI M,RITZ J,COOPER G M. Activation of a novel human transforming gene,RET,by DNA rearrangement[J]. Cell. 1985;42(2):581-588.
9
MAHATO A K,SIDOROVA Y A. RET receptor tyrosine kinase:role in neurodegeneration,obesity,and cancer[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2020,21(19):7108.
10
TAKAHASHI M. RET receptor signaling:Function in development,metabolic disease,and cancer[J]. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci,2022,98(3):112-125.
11
LI A Y,MCCUSKER M G,RUSSO A,et al. RET fusions in solid tumors[J]. Cancer Treat Rev,2019,81:101911.
12
JIANG H C,XIAO M Z,QI C,et al. A novel oncogenic RET fusion variant in non-small cell lung cancer:RELCH-RET[J]. J Thorac Oncol,2020,15(2):e27-e28.
13
NAKAOKU T,TSUTA K,ICHIKAWA H,et al. Druggable oncogene fusions in invasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2014,20(12):3087-3093.
14
TIAN Y,ZHENG W Q,GE H J,et al. Molecular characteristics of multifocal invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung:Report of a rare case[J]. Thorac Cancer,2017,8(6):710-713.
15
STAUBITZ J I,SCHAD A,SPRINGER E,et al. Novel rearrangements involving the RET gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Cancer Genet,2019,230:13-20.
16
GERLITZ G,DARHIN E,GIORGIO G,et al. Novel functional features of the lis-H domain:role in protein dimerization,half-life and cellular localization[J]. Cell Cycle,2005,4(11):1632-1640.
17
PRIYANKA P P,YENUGU S. Coiled-coil domain-containing (CCDC) proteins:functional roles in general and male reproductive physiology[J]. Reprod Sci,2021,28(10):2725-2734.
18
KRISHNAN A,BERTHELET J,RENAUD E,et al. Proteogenomics analysis unveils a TFG-RET gene fusion and druggable targets in papillary thyroid carcinomas[J]. Nat Commun,2020,11(1):2056.
19
LIU W L,LI H Z,AERBAJINAI W,et al. OLFM4-RET fusion is an oncogenic driver in small intestine adenocarcinoma[J]. Oncogene,2022,41(1):72-82.
20
WEI D L,CHEN D S,LI L J,et al. ALG8-RET:a novel RET rearrangement in a patient with malignant melanoma of the palatal mucosal[J]. Oral Oncol,2020,111:104973.
21
ESTRADA-ZUNIGA C M,CHENG Z M,ETHIRAJ P,et al. A RET::GRB2 fusion in pheochromocytoma defies the classic paradigm of RET oncogenic fusions[J]. Cell Rep Med,2022,3(7):100686.
22
LIAN E Y,MARITAN S M,COCKBURN J G,et al. Differential roles of RET isoforms in medullary and papillary thyroid carcinomas[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer,2017,24(1):53-69.
23
CASTELLONE M D,MELILLO R M. RET-mediated modulation of tumor microenvironment and immune response in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2)[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer,2018,25(2):T105-T119.
24
MULLIGAN L M. GDNF and the RET receptor in cancer:new insights and therapeutic potential[J]. Front Physiol,2019,9:1873.
25
NOVELLO S,CALIFANO R,REINMUTH N,et al. RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer:the evolving treatment landscape[J]. Oncologist. 2023;28(5):402-413.
26
ZHOU C C,SOLOMON B,LOONG H H,et al. First-line selpercatinib or chemotherapy and pembrolizumab in RET fusion-positive NSCLC[J]. N Engl J Med,2023,389(20):1839-1850.
27
CHEN M F,REPETTO M,WILHELM C,et al. RET inhibitors in RET fusion-positive lung cancers:past,present,and future[J]. Drugs,2024,84(9):1035-1053.
2025年第47卷第13期
PDF下载
5
1
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502092
  • 接收时间:2025-03-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03
  • 修回日期:2025-05-12
基金
作者信息
    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院病理科,重庆
    2中国人民解放军中部战区总医院呼吸与危重症医学科,湖北 武汉

通讯作者:

郭乔楠,E-mail:
GUO Qiaonan,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502092
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏