Article(id=1320442346488053858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320442289126752969, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512096, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765900800000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-17, revisedDate=1772640000000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792747588035, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1777478400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747588035, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747588035, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747588035, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320442289126752969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='8', pageStart='971', pageEnd='1128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777478400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747574359, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792749820502, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320451710187844159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320442289126752969, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320451710187844160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320442289126752969, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1100, endPage=1109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320442346890707044, articleId=1320442346488053858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Plasma metabolite levels before pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in couples of reproductive age: prospective evidence from the PREBIC cohort in Chongqing, China, columnId=1320434453051199700, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Think Tank for Public Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Infertility represents a major global reproductive health challenge. Metabolite levels in both partners are highly correlated and may serve as potential confounders for each other. However, how the overall preconception plasma metabolic profiles of both partners jointly influence natural conception outcomes remains unclear. Based on the Chongqing Preconception Reproductive Health and Birth Outcomes Cohort (PREBIC), this study aims to explore the association between preconception plasma metabolite levels in couples of reproductive age and conception outcomes.

Methods

The Chongqing PREBIC was launched in January 2019 at the Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, recruiting couples of reproductive age undergoing preconception health examinations to establish baseline cohorts and collect blood samples. Follow-up was then performed every 3 months for clinical pregnancy outcomes following 24 months of unprotected intercourse. The study ultimately included 1 292 couples of reproductive age for analysis. According to natural conception status, participants were assigned into a pregnant group (n=967) and a non-pregnant group (n=325). Baseline plasma samples were subjected to standardized metabolomic testing using the Bruker IVDR NMR platform, yielding 167 metabolic parameters. Elastic network regression was employed to screen key metabolites, and logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between metabolites and 2-year pregnancy outcomes, and confounding factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol consumption were adjusted.

Results

Among the 1 292 couples of reproductive age, the 2-year pregnancy rate was 74.85%. Eighty-two metabolites showed positive correlations between partners, with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.15. After controlling for inter-variable correlations using elastic network model, 14 male metabolites and 20 female metabolites were found to be associated with conception outcomes. Logistic regression revealed gender-specific associations between plasma metabolite levels in both partners and conception outcomes: in males, triglycerides in low-density lipoprotein were positively associated with conception outcomes (Q4 vs Q1: RR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.03 to 1.19, P adjust=0.047). In females, low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A in high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B in low-density lipoprotein, creatinine, and leucine were negatively associated with conception outcomes. Acetic acid in in both partners was positively correlated with conception outcomes (Q4 vs Q1: male RR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.21, P adjust=0.047; female RR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.05 to 1.28, P adjust=0.007).

Conclusion

Preconception metabolite levels in couples of reproductive age may act on future reproductive potential in a gender-specific manner, with common key metabolites identified. Countermeasures Based on these findings, it is recommended that the health policy-making departments accelerate the transition of preconception care services from focusing solely on women toward a dual-partner co-management model. Incorporate the pre-pregnancy metabolism of both males and females of reproductive age into routine preconception eugenics health services, with priority monitoring of metabolic indicators, including lipid homeostasis and energy metabolism; develop precision intervention measures according to metabolic differences between genders; improve the urban-rural integrated preconception health management system covering both partners; and enhance reproductive health at the public health source level, providing policy basis and technical support for optimizing birth population quality.

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目的

不孕不育是全球重大生殖健康挑战。夫妻双方代谢物水平高度相关且互为潜在混杂因素,但双方孕前血浆整体代谢谱如何共同影响自然受孕结局尚不明确。基于重庆市孕前生殖健康与出生结局队列(preconception reproductive health and birth outcomes cohort, PREBIC),旨在探究育龄夫妇双方孕前血浆代谢物水平与受孕结局的关联。

方法

重庆市PREBIC于2019年1月在重庆市妇幼保健院启动招募,纳入进行孕前健康检查的育龄夫妇建立基线,并采集血液样本。随后每3个月进行1次随访,随访24个月无保护性交后的临床妊娠结果。本研究最终纳入1 292对育龄夫妇进行分析,根据是否自然受孕将志愿者分为怀孕组(n=967)和非怀孕组(n=325)。采用布鲁克IVDr核磁共振平台对基线血浆样本进行标准化代谢组学检测,获得167个代谢指标。采用弹性网络回归筛选关键代谢物,构建Logistic回归模型评估代谢物与2年受孕结局的关联,并校正年龄、体质量指数、吸烟、饮酒等混杂因素。

结果

1 292对育龄夫妇两年后怀孕比例为74.85%。双方之间有82种代谢物存在正相关关系,平均相关系数为0.15。弹性网络模型控制变量间相关性后,共发现14个男性代谢物和20个女性代谢物与受孕结局相关。Logistic回归显示,夫妻双方血浆代谢物水平与受孕结局存在性别特异性关联:男方低密度脂蛋白的甘油三酯与受孕结局正相关(Q4 vs Q1: RR=1.12,95%CI: 1.03~1.19,P adjust=0.047)。女方低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白中载脂蛋白A、低密度脂蛋白中载脂蛋白B、肌酐、亮氨酸与受孕结局负相关。夫妻双方的乙酸均与受孕结局正相关(Q4 vs Q1: 男方RR=1.13,95%CI: 1.04~1.21,P adjust=0.047;女方RR=1.18,95%CI: 1.05~1.28,P adjust=0.007)。

结论

育龄夫妻双方孕前代谢物水平可能以性别特异性的方式共同作用于未来生育潜能,并存在共同的关键代谢物。对策 基于本研究结果,建议卫生政策制定部门加快推动孕前保健服务从单一关注女性,转向夫妻双主体共同管理模式;将育龄人群男女双方孕前代谢纳入常规孕前优生健康服务,重点监测脂质稳态、能量代谢等代谢指标,并根据男女代谢差异制定精准化干预方案,完善覆盖城乡的夫妻共同孕前健康管理体系,从公共卫生源头提升育龄人群生育健康水平,为优化出生人口素质提供政策依据与技术支撑。

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曹佳,E-mail:
包巍,E-mail:
CAO Jia, E-mail:
BAO Wei, E-mail:
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A: Male indicators; B: Female indicators; C: Male and female correlation analysis (top 50)

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A to C: Male metabolic parameters and conception outcome. Model 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3 (C); D to F: Female metabolic parameters and conception outcome. Model 1 (A), 2 (B), and 3(C)

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Distribution of general demographic characteristics of the participants [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableFemaleMale
No pregnant (n=325)Pregnant (n=967)P valueNo pregnant(n=325)Pregnant (n=967)P value
Age/years0.0050.231
<2535(10.8)171(17.7)16(4.9)74(7.7)
25 to 39287(88.3)793(82.0)297(91.4)854(88.3)
>393(0.9)3(0.3)12(3.7)39(4.0)
BMI/(kg/m2)0.7770.531
<18.539(12.0)129(13.3)10(3.1)28(2.9)
18.5 to <24230(70.8)666(68.9)158(48.6)437(45.2)
≥2456(17.2)172(17.8)157(48.3)502(51.9)
Hypertension0.7410.202
No323(99.4)957(99.0)275(84.6)788(81.5)
Yes2(0.6)10(1.0)50(15.4)179(18.5)
Hyperlipidaemia0.8130.422
No294(90.5)879(90.9)307(94.5)924(95.6)
Yes31(9.5)88(9.1)18(5.5)43(4.4)
Diabetes0.9860.645
No297(91.4)884(91.4)323(99.4)963(99.6)
Yes28(8.6)83(8.6)2(0.6)4(0.4)
Smoking0.2720.165
No298(91.7)904(93.5)162(49.9)525(54.3)
Yes27(8.3)63(6.5)163(50.1)442(45.7)
Drinking0.0270.214
No214(65.9)699(72.3)77(23.7)263(27.2)
Yes111(34.1)268(27.7)248(76.3)704(72.8)
Pregnancy history0.991
No136(41.9)405(41.9)
Yes189(58.1)562(58.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1320442359125491910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320442346488053858, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象一般人口学特征分布 [例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableFemaleMale
No pregnant (n=325)Pregnant (n=967)P valueNo pregnant(n=325)Pregnant (n=967)P value
Age/years0.0050.231
<2535(10.8)171(17.7)16(4.9)74(7.7)
25 to 39287(88.3)793(82.0)297(91.4)854(88.3)
>393(0.9)3(0.3)12(3.7)39(4.0)
BMI/(kg/m2)0.7770.531
<18.539(12.0)129(13.3)10(3.1)28(2.9)
18.5 to <24230(70.8)666(68.9)158(48.6)437(45.2)
≥2456(17.2)172(17.8)157(48.3)502(51.9)
Hypertension0.7410.202
No323(99.4)957(99.0)275(84.6)788(81.5)
Yes2(0.6)10(1.0)50(15.4)179(18.5)
Hyperlipidaemia0.8130.422
No294(90.5)879(90.9)307(94.5)924(95.6)
Yes31(9.5)88(9.1)18(5.5)43(4.4)
Diabetes0.9860.645
No297(91.4)884(91.4)323(99.4)963(99.6)
Yes28(8.6)83(8.6)2(0.6)4(0.4)
Smoking0.2720.165
No298(91.7)904(93.5)162(49.9)525(54.3)
Yes27(8.3)63(6.5)163(50.1)442(45.7)
Drinking0.0270.214
No214(65.9)699(72.3)77(23.7)263(27.2)
Yes111(34.1)268(27.7)248(76.3)704(72.8)
Pregnancy history0.991
No136(41.9)405(41.9)
Yes189(58.1)562(58.1)
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育龄夫妻孕前血浆代谢物水平与受孕结局:来自中国重庆PREBIC队列的前瞻性证据
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曹雅芸 1, 2 , 陈卿 2 , 陆永拉 2 , 王童 2 , 周妮娅 3, 4 , 代应忠 2 , 罗斯文 2 , 赵肖璐 2 , 刘步云 5 , 包巍 5 , 曹佳 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·公共卫生智库 2026,48(8): 1100-1109
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·公共卫生智库 2026 , 48 (8) : 1100 -1109
育龄夫妻孕前血浆代谢物水平与受孕结局:来自中国重庆PREBIC队列的前瞻性证据
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曹雅芸1, 2, 陈卿2, 陆永拉2, 王童2, 周妮娅3, 4, 代应忠2, 罗斯文2, 赵肖璐2, 刘步云5, 包巍5 , 曹佳2
作者信息
  • 1山西医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生教研室,山西 太原
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)军事预防医学系毒理学研究所,教育部电磁辐射医学防护重点实验室,重庆
  • 3重庆市妇幼保健院(重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院)生物样本库,重庆
  • 4重庆市妇幼疾病预防控制与公共卫生研究中心,重庆
  • 5中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部公共卫生研究生院,安徽 合肥
通讯作者:
曹佳,E-mail:
包巍,E-mail:
CAO Jia, E-mail:
BAO Wei, E-mail:
Plasma metabolite levels before pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in couples of reproductive age: prospective evidence from the PREBIC cohort in Chongqing, China
Yayun CAO1, 2, Qing CHEN2, Yongla LU2, Tong WANG2, Niya ZHOU3, 4, Yingzhong DAI2, Siwen LUO2, Xiaolu ZHAO2, Buyun LIU5, Wei BAO5 , Jia CAO2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi
  • 2Institute of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Medical Protection of Ministry of Education, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing
  • 3Biobank of Chongqing Hospital Center for Women and Children (Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing
  • 4Chongqing Center for Maternal and Child Disease Prevention and Control and Public Health Research, Chongqing
  • 5Graduate School of Public Health, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
出版时间: 2026-04-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512096
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目的

不孕不育是全球重大生殖健康挑战。夫妻双方代谢物水平高度相关且互为潜在混杂因素,但双方孕前血浆整体代谢谱如何共同影响自然受孕结局尚不明确。基于重庆市孕前生殖健康与出生结局队列(preconception reproductive health and birth outcomes cohort, PREBIC),旨在探究育龄夫妇双方孕前血浆代谢物水平与受孕结局的关联。

方法

重庆市PREBIC于2019年1月在重庆市妇幼保健院启动招募,纳入进行孕前健康检查的育龄夫妇建立基线,并采集血液样本。随后每3个月进行1次随访,随访24个月无保护性交后的临床妊娠结果。本研究最终纳入1 292对育龄夫妇进行分析,根据是否自然受孕将志愿者分为怀孕组(n=967)和非怀孕组(n=325)。采用布鲁克IVDr核磁共振平台对基线血浆样本进行标准化代谢组学检测,获得167个代谢指标。采用弹性网络回归筛选关键代谢物,构建Logistic回归模型评估代谢物与2年受孕结局的关联,并校正年龄、体质量指数、吸烟、饮酒等混杂因素。

结果

1 292对育龄夫妇两年后怀孕比例为74.85%。双方之间有82种代谢物存在正相关关系,平均相关系数为0.15。弹性网络模型控制变量间相关性后,共发现14个男性代谢物和20个女性代谢物与受孕结局相关。Logistic回归显示,夫妻双方血浆代谢物水平与受孕结局存在性别特异性关联:男方低密度脂蛋白的甘油三酯与受孕结局正相关(Q4 vs Q1: RR=1.12,95%CI: 1.03~1.19,P adjust=0.047)。女方低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白中载脂蛋白A、低密度脂蛋白中载脂蛋白B、肌酐、亮氨酸与受孕结局负相关。夫妻双方的乙酸均与受孕结局正相关(Q4 vs Q1: 男方RR=1.13,95%CI: 1.04~1.21,P adjust=0.047;女方RR=1.18,95%CI: 1.05~1.28,P adjust=0.007)。

结论

育龄夫妻双方孕前代谢物水平可能以性别特异性的方式共同作用于未来生育潜能,并存在共同的关键代谢物。对策 基于本研究结果,建议卫生政策制定部门加快推动孕前保健服务从单一关注女性,转向夫妻双主体共同管理模式;将育龄人群男女双方孕前代谢纳入常规孕前优生健康服务,重点监测脂质稳态、能量代谢等代谢指标,并根据男女代谢差异制定精准化干预方案,完善覆盖城乡的夫妻共同孕前健康管理体系,从公共卫生源头提升育龄人群生育健康水平,为优化出生人口素质提供政策依据与技术支撑。

队列研究  /  孕前暴露  /  脂质代谢  /  受孕结局  /  生育潜能
Objective

Infertility represents a major global reproductive health challenge. Metabolite levels in both partners are highly correlated and may serve as potential confounders for each other. However, how the overall preconception plasma metabolic profiles of both partners jointly influence natural conception outcomes remains unclear. Based on the Chongqing Preconception Reproductive Health and Birth Outcomes Cohort (PREBIC), this study aims to explore the association between preconception plasma metabolite levels in couples of reproductive age and conception outcomes.

Methods

The Chongqing PREBIC was launched in January 2019 at the Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, recruiting couples of reproductive age undergoing preconception health examinations to establish baseline cohorts and collect blood samples. Follow-up was then performed every 3 months for clinical pregnancy outcomes following 24 months of unprotected intercourse. The study ultimately included 1 292 couples of reproductive age for analysis. According to natural conception status, participants were assigned into a pregnant group (n=967) and a non-pregnant group (n=325). Baseline plasma samples were subjected to standardized metabolomic testing using the Bruker IVDR NMR platform, yielding 167 metabolic parameters. Elastic network regression was employed to screen key metabolites, and logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between metabolites and 2-year pregnancy outcomes, and confounding factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol consumption were adjusted.

Results

Among the 1 292 couples of reproductive age, the 2-year pregnancy rate was 74.85%. Eighty-two metabolites showed positive correlations between partners, with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.15. After controlling for inter-variable correlations using elastic network model, 14 male metabolites and 20 female metabolites were found to be associated with conception outcomes. Logistic regression revealed gender-specific associations between plasma metabolite levels in both partners and conception outcomes: in males, triglycerides in low-density lipoprotein were positively associated with conception outcomes (Q4 vs Q1: RR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.03 to 1.19, P adjust=0.047). In females, low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A in high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B in low-density lipoprotein, creatinine, and leucine were negatively associated with conception outcomes. Acetic acid in in both partners was positively correlated with conception outcomes (Q4 vs Q1: male RR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.21, P adjust=0.047; female RR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.05 to 1.28, P adjust=0.007).

Conclusion

Preconception metabolite levels in couples of reproductive age may act on future reproductive potential in a gender-specific manner, with common key metabolites identified. Countermeasures Based on these findings, it is recommended that the health policy-making departments accelerate the transition of preconception care services from focusing solely on women toward a dual-partner co-management model. Incorporate the pre-pregnancy metabolism of both males and females of reproductive age into routine preconception eugenics health services, with priority monitoring of metabolic indicators, including lipid homeostasis and energy metabolism; develop precision intervention measures according to metabolic differences between genders; improve the urban-rural integrated preconception health management system covering both partners; and enhance reproductive health at the public health source level, providing policy basis and technical support for optimizing birth population quality.

cohort study  /  preconception exposure  /  lipid metabolism  /  conception outcomes  /  reproductive potential
曹雅芸, 陈卿, 陆永拉, 王童, 周妮娅, 代应忠, 罗斯文, 赵肖璐, 刘步云, 包巍, 曹佳. 育龄夫妻孕前血浆代谢物水平与受孕结局:来自中国重庆PREBIC队列的前瞻性证据. 陆军军医大学学报, 2026 , 48 (8) : 1100 -1109 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512096
Yayun CAO, Qing CHEN, Yongla LU, Tong WANG, Niya ZHOU, Yingzhong DAI, Siwen LUO, Xiaolu ZHAO, Buyun LIU, Wei BAO, Jia CAO. Plasma metabolite levels before pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in couples of reproductive age: prospective evidence from the PREBIC cohort in Chongqing, China[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2026 , 48 (8) : 1100 -1109 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512096
不孕不育已成为人类生殖健康的重要挑战,全球有17.5%的育龄夫妇受不孕问题困扰。所有不孕症病例中有50%由女性因素引起,20%~30%由男性因素引起,其余20%~30%由男性和女性因素的共同作用[1-2]。现有研究认为夫妻的血脂水平可能直接影响配子质量与受精过程[3-4],男性血脂异常可能损伤精子DNA和增强脂质过氧化作用,导致永久性少精子症甚至无精子症[5-6];女性血脂异常可能通过影响子宫内环境重塑,对胚胎着床、胎儿生长发育产生程序化影响[7-8]。近年来有前瞻性研究提示,夫妻双方的血清游离胆固醇水平独立影响生育能力,但其他代谢产物与生育潜能的关系仍缺乏研究[9]。目前的研究证据主要基于对男性或女性单方面的代谢研究或者是仅仅局限于脂质方面,缺乏基于前瞻性队列开展的夫妻双方代谢物水平与受孕结局的研究,特别是在夫妻双方代谢物水平可能存在相关性的情况下,一方的代谢物水平可能对另一方的研究构成混杂偏倚。本研究基于重庆市育龄人群孕前生殖健康与出生结局队列(preconception reproductive health and birth outcomes cohort, PREBIC),采取代谢组学技术开展前瞻性队列研究,分析育龄夫妻孕前血浆代谢物水平与受孕结局的关联,为探究生殖损伤发病机制以及研发针对性防治措施提供新的科学证据。
本研究对象为参与重庆市PREBIC的有生殖意愿的夫妇[10]。重庆市PREBIC由陆军军医大学和重庆市妇幼保健院联合实施,在2019年1月重庆市妇幼保健院开始实施并持续至今。本次研究纳入标准为:①男性年龄22~49周岁,女性年龄20~49周岁;②在重庆市居住满2年;③未来2年无迁居外地的计划。排除标准:①经临床诊断为不孕不育夫妇;②有采取避孕措施;③有泌尿生殖系统疾病史;④有进行过避孕手术者;⑤采取辅助生殖者。符合标准的志愿者,通过问卷收集志愿者的年龄、身高、体质量、吸烟史、饮酒史、疾病史等基本信息。本研究通过重庆市妇幼保健院伦理委员会[2018伦审(科)020号]和陆军军医大学伦理学委员会(2019第003-02号)审批;并通过中国人类遗传资源采集审批(国科遗办审字〔2021〕CJ2417号)。
对招募的女性志愿者进行2年的电子问卷和人工电话随访,每3个月随访1次,在每一轮随访中记录女性是否成功实现临床诊断妊娠,成功妊娠时记录末次月经日期,通过末次月经计算志愿者的妊娠时间,妊娠时间在志愿者加入以后的2年内判定为成功怀孕。对于失访人群资料,通过重庆市妇幼保健院的出生登记记录和临床分娩记录补充志愿者的妊娠、分娩、子代出生体质量等资料。
本研究使用志愿者入组时采集的血浆样本,采用布鲁克IVDr核磁共振平台及其标准化解决方案,对血浆样本进行代谢组学分析。所有样本的制备和测量均严格遵循 B.I.-Methods 2.0模块为血浆/血清提供的标准操作程序,以确保流程的标准化和可重复性。NMR光谱采集在600 MHz AVANCE IVDr、AVANCETM Ⅲ HD 或 AVANCE NEO 谱仪上完成。采集的光谱通过Bruker数据中心进行全自动远程分析。血浆中小分子代谢物的绝对浓度使用 B.I.QUANT-PS 2.0模块进行定量,该模块通过单一的定量参考样品进行校准。所有代谢物的检测限遵循ISO 17025指南通过湿式加标进行验证。本研究一共检测到167种指标,删除缺失值大于30%的指标,最终纳入141种代谢物进行分析,主要包含氨基酸13种、脂类81种、蛋白类38种、能量代谢物9种。
使用R 4.2.1或SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。对研究对象的人口学资料进行描述性分析,分类资料用频数(%)表示,χ2检验分析怀孕者和未怀孕者的组间差异。对代谢物进行对数转换和中心化标准转化,代谢物之间的相关性使用Spearman相关分析。采用弹性网络回归筛选与受孕结局相关代谢物,进而构建四分位数二元Logistic回归模型估计不同代谢物与受孕结局的关联。提前将代谢数据按照四分位数转换为有序分类变量(Q1~Q4),以Q1为参考组。在模型1中不做任何协变量的校正;随着年龄增长生育能力降低且代谢变差,吸烟、饮酒等不良行为习惯会影响配子质量,糖尿病患者存在糖脂代谢紊乱[11-12],因此在模型2中调整年龄、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病等混杂因素;模型3中进一步加入体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)进行校正,以分析不同BMI群体中代谢物水平差异对受孕结局的影响。在Logistic回归分析中采用FDR法进行多重校正,以控制假阳性结果的概率,即Ⅰ类错误。本研究的检验水准为双侧α=0.05,当错误发现率(false discovery rate, FDR)法校正后的P adjust<0.05时视为具有统计学意义。
本研究一共纳入2 584名志愿者,男女各占一半。女性的怀孕率在不同年龄组(P=0.005)、不同饮酒史组(P=0.027)中存在差异,年龄<25岁者怀孕率高于年龄≥40岁者,无饮酒史女性怀孕率高于有饮酒史者,其余基线变量在怀孕者和未怀孕者间差异无统计学意义,见表1。
Spearman相关性分析显示,男方或女方自身代谢物存在一定的内部相关关系。有82种代谢物在夫妻双方之间存在正相关关系,相关性最强的3个指标分别是甲酸(formic acid,FA)、乙酸(acetic acid,HAc)、乳酸(lactic acid,LA),相关系数分别为0.73、0.59、0.43,82种代谢物的平均相关系数为0.15(图1)。
采用弹性网络回归分析夫妻整体代谢物与受孕结局的关联显示,男方和女方一共存在34种代谢物与受孕结局存在关联,男方中有3种代谢物与受孕结局呈正相关,包括中密度脂蛋白中甘油三酯(triglycerides in Intermediate density lipoprotein-3,IDTG)、低密度脂蛋白-3中甘油三酯(triglycerides in low density lipoprotein-3,L3TG)、HAc;女方中有12种代谢物与受孕结局呈正相关,包括极低密度脂蛋白-1中胆固醇(cholesterol in very low density lipoprotein-1,V1CH)、极低密度脂蛋白-5中胆固醇(cholesterol in very low density lipoprotein-5,V5CH)、HAc等。男方有11种代谢物与受孕结局呈负相关,包括低密度脂蛋白-6中胆固醇(cholesterol in low density lipoprotein-6,L6CH)、低密度脂蛋白-6中游离胆固醇(free cholesterol in low density lipoprotein-6,L6FC)、谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)、组氨酸(histidine,His)等;女方有8种代谢物与受孕结局呈负相关,包括低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDPN)、高密度脂蛋白中载脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1 in high density lipoprotein,HDA1)、低密度脂蛋白中载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B in low density lipoprotein,LDAB)、肌酐(creatinine,CR)、亮氨酸(leucine,Leu)等,见图2。
使用弹性网络筛选的代谢物构建二元Logistic回归模型,模型1显示,男方中存在5种与受孕结局相关指标,包括L3TG、L6CH、HAc、Gln、L6FC等;女方中存在6种与受孕结局相关指标,包括HDA1、CR、HAc、LDPN、Leu等脂蛋白。模型2调整年龄、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病后,男方中仍有4种与受孕结局相关指标分别是L3TG、Gln、His、HAc;调整模型2女方中高密度脂蛋白-3中载脂蛋白A1(Apolipoprotein A1 in high density lipoprotein-3,H3A1)指标与受孕结局关联消失。模型3为探究代谢物水平与受孕结局的关联是否独立于BMI,在模型2的基础上额外对BMI进行校正。结果显示男方和女方中与受孕结局相关代谢物均仍有统计学意义。
如图3所示,在校正年龄、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病以及BMI后,男性中L3TG呈现与受孕结局的正相关,Q4组与Q1组相比,2年内怀孕概率为1.12倍(95%CI:1.03~1.19)。Gln、His均呈现与受孕结局的负相关(P trend分别为0.036和0.045),其Q4组RR分别为0.89(95%CI:0.79~0.98)、0.93(95%CI:0.84~1.02)。而在女性中LDPN(Q4 vs Q1:RR=0.88,95%CI:0.78~0.97)、HDA1(RR=0.88,95%CI:0.77~0.97)、LDAB(RR=0.88,95%CI:0.78~0.97)、CR(RR=0.88,95%CI:0.78~0.97)、Leu(RR=0.88,95%CI:0.76~0.98)均呈现与受孕结局的负相关(P trend<0.01)。HAc是唯一在男女双方均显示与受孕结局相关的代谢物指标,且均为正相关。在男性中孕前HAc的Q4组与Q1组相比,怀孕概率为1.13倍(95%CI:1.04~1.21);女性中Q4组怀孕概率为Q1组的1.18倍(95%CI:1.05~1.28)。在经过FDR校正后(P adjust<0.05),男性中Gln、His与受孕结局无统计学意义,而男性中L3TG、HAc和女性中LDPN、HDA1、LDAB、CR、Leu、HAc等指标与受孕结局的关联仍然具有统计学意义。
本领域的前期研究主要关注男性或女性一方的代谢状态对生殖健康的影响,且大部分研究聚焦于动物或辅助生殖研究[1,7,13-14]。但生育健康问题不只是某一方的问题,常常是因为夫妻双方共同原因导致的不孕不育。因此研究男女双方代谢物水平与受孕结局的关联十分必要。本研究通过Spearman分析发现夫妻之间有多个代谢物存在相关性,一方的代谢物水平可能会对另一方的研究构成混杂偏倚,为控制这种相关性的影响,本研究采用了弹性网络的方法筛选指标,加强结果的可靠性。
本研究通过弹性网络筛选出34个夫妻孕前代谢物与受孕结局相关,进一步经过Logistic四分位数回归分析,调整混杂因素后,发现男方的L3TG、Gln、His、HAc和女方的LDPN、LDAB、HDA1、CR、Leu、HAc与受孕结局存在显著关联,FDR校正后(P adjust<0.05)男方L3TG、HAc和女方的LDPN、LDAB、HDA1、CR、Leu、HAc仍具有统计学意义,且男女双方与受孕结局相关的代谢物存在显著的性别差异。
研究结果显示,在男性方面与受孕结局有关的代谢物主要是脂质、氨基酸类。男方L3TG的Q4组怀孕概率显著高于Q1组。此前SCHISTERMAN等[15]的研究发现,男性血清中适度的TG水平与更好的精子参数相关。精子发生、获能及运动是一个高度耗能的过程,需要脂肪酸作为重要的能量底物[16]。通常把LDL颗粒视为有害脂蛋白,但其携带的甘油三酯含量可能具有积极意义。适度升高的L3TG可能通过β-氧化为精子提供能量,KIM等[17]的饮食干预研究证实,通过中链甘油三酯替代饮食能改善脂代谢,促进精子发生和精子细胞在附睾的成熟过程。因此L3TG水平的升高可能反映了男性适度的能量储备和活跃的脂质代谢。
在女性方面与受孕结局有关的代谢物更为多元,涉及脂蛋白功能、能量代谢及肾脏清除率。女性HDA1和LDAB的Q4组怀孕概率均低于Q1组。载脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1,ApoA-I)是HDL的主要结构蛋白,其生理功能是将外周组织中多余的胆固醇运回肝脏进行代谢和清除,MIIETTINEN等[18]在动物实验中敲除ApoA-I基因后,虽然HDL总量下降了,但改变了异常HDL的结构和组成,部分恢复了生育能力,这证明了HDL颗粒的质量比单纯的数量更为重要,过高的HDA1可能暗示了异常的胆固醇逆向转运效率或炎症状态。载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B,ApoB)是血液中LDL和VLDL等脂蛋白颗粒的主要蛋白质成分之一,其浓度反映了LDL和VLDL颗粒数量,主要负责将肝脏合成的甘油三酯、胆固醇和其他脂类运输到身体各处的细胞。高水平LDAB可能通过促进全身性低度炎症或血管内皮功能障碍,间接损害卵巢微环境或子宫内膜容受性[9]。CAI等[19]研究发现,在接受辅助生殖治疗的女性中,较高的LDL水平与较低的优质胚胎率和较低的临床妊娠率独立相关,提示高LDL对卵母细胞或早期胚胎发育有毒性作用[19]。VLDL是肝脏分泌的富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白,其特定亚类的适度升高,可能反映了肝脏脂质输出的活跃状态,为卵泡发育、类固醇激素合成以及胚胎着床前的能量需求提供了必要的底物[20]。本研究显示女方CR水平升高与怀孕概率下降相关。埃及一项队列研究发现肾功能损害直接降低卵巢储备指标抗穆勒激素和窦卵泡计数,提示即使CR在正常范围内波动,也可能通过影响内分泌环境而损害生育力[21]。此外,HOOD等[22]通过代谢组学研究发现CR水平可能与脂肪酸代谢、维生素D3通路等关键生殖代谢途径紊乱相关,这些代谢异常可能改变卵泡微环境,间接影响卵母细胞质量。因此CR能同时作为肾功能与代谢状态的生物标志物,进而影响生育能力。
本研究在夫妻双方中均发现了HAc,与受孕结局表现出显著关联。HAc作为肠道菌群发酵膳食纤维产生的主要短链脂肪酸之一,主要来源于食物,作为能量底物和信号分子远程调节生理功能。近年来肠道菌群-生殖轴理论认为,菌群代谢物能够远程调节宿主的生殖功能[23-25]。现有研究认为孕早期孕妇HAc水平较非孕期升高[26-27],母体HAc会通过胎盘转运进入胎儿体内,参与胎儿糖脂代谢重编程,与新生儿身长、体质量相关[28],HAc缺乏可能通过抑制HDAC3-H3K27ac-PPAR-γ轴激活脂质转运蛋白 CD36,导致胎儿脂肪酸转运异常和胰岛素抵抗[29]。在妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)研究中,HAc可改善GDM患者的糖耐量,通过与游离脂肪酸受体结合激活下游信号,调控胰岛素敏感性和能量代谢,降低肝脏甘油三酯沉积[30-31]。ZHAO等[32]在动物实验中发现HAc能够有效降低高胆固醇血症雄鼠的血浆总胆固醇并改善其血浆脂蛋白谱。因此HAc可能作为保护因素,调节生理活动为妊娠和胎儿生长发育提供重要机体环境。
研究分析显示,男性和女性中均存在与受孕结局有关的氨基酸类物质,但二者的氨基酸种类并不一致。男性与受孕相关物质更多地集中在脂质与能量供应上,而女性则更多地集中在脂蛋白和肾脏代谢方面。男性的精子生成过程与功能实现依赖于机体充足的能量供应,机体的脂质稳态与能量供应效率会直接影响精子质量与活力,因而在肥胖和高脂血症人群中常常伴随精子DNA碎片率升高以及线粒体功能损伤[14,16,33]。为支持胚胎着床、发育及长期妊娠,女性则需要提供稳定的内环境,而脂蛋白功能与肾脏代谢则共同反映了机体血管健康与代谢稳定[7,34]。因此这种关联代谢指标的性别差异可能是源于男女生殖系统稳态的需求不一致。
本研究尚存在以下不足之处:①本研究通过弹性网络回归分析筛选变量系数不为零的指标作为重要指标,尽管弹性网络回归适用于处理高维连续数据,但它主要假设变量与结局之间存在线性关联。为了进一步增强研究结果的稳健性,进一步采用了四分位数分组以更加全面地展示代谢物与受孕结局之间的暴露-反应关系。然而该方法可能导致连续变量所蕴含的生物学信息在一定程度上的损失。上述2种方法均有各自的优势和不足之处,相关结果可结合起来审慎解读。②本研究调整了年龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒和疾病史等关键混杂因素,但其他与代谢物水平密切相关的部分因素未被纳入模型,例如饮食信息和体力活动等。③本次代谢组学检测到的代谢物数量远远少于血浆中实际存在的代谢物,许多具有重要生物学意义的信号分子可能未被检测到。④本研究对象均来自重庆市,限制了研究结果向不同地区、种族和文化背景人群的外推。⑤本研究以临床诊断妊娠为结局,但未进一步区分早期流产与最终活产等不同结局,影响受孕的代谢因素与影响维持妊娠的因素可能不同,因此本研究无法进行区分。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,育龄夫妻双方孕前代谢物水平对生育能力有着共同作用,男性的贡献更多地体现在脂质稳态与能量供应上,而女性则表现在脂蛋白功能、肾脏代谢的综合影响。HAc作为在夫妻双方中都表现出与生育相关的关键分子,可能提示了夫妻双方生殖健康的共同代谢基础。未来有必要对我们的研究结果进一步加以验证。本研究从育龄夫妻双方代谢物水平评估生育力,揭示了夫妻双方代谢健康的共同基础,突破了传统的单一性别视角,为建立夫妻双主体的孕前健康管理模式提供依据。
本研究结果可为优化孕前保健策略提供循证依据。建议卫生健康行政部门及妇幼健康管理机构将孕前代谢健康纳入育龄人群生殖健康保障重点内容,推动孕前保健服务由传统单一女性主体向夫妻双主体共同管理模式转变,将夫妻双方孕前代谢水平评估纳入常规孕前优生健康服务。针对不同性别代谢通路的差异化特征,制定分性别的孕前代谢健康干预规范与健康指导方案。同时,以夫妻共有的关键代谢标志物为靶点,加强多中心队列验证与临床转化研究,构建基于代谢特征的受孕结局风险预警体系,完善覆盖城乡的夫妻共同孕前健康管理体系,从公共卫生源头提升育龄人群生育健康水平,为优化出生人口素质提供政策依据与技术支撑。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512096
  • 接收时间:2025-12-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-04-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-17
  • 修回日期:2026-03-05
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    1山西医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生教研室,山西 太原
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)军事预防医学系毒理学研究所,教育部电磁辐射医学防护重点实验室,重庆
    3重庆市妇幼保健院(重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院)生物样本库,重庆
    4重庆市妇幼疾病预防控制与公共卫生研究中心,重庆
    5中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部公共卫生研究生院,安徽 合肥

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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