Article(id=1320441053824529025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320441010094715145, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512162, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1767024000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-30, revisedDate=1769097600000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792747279840, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1774800000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747279840, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747279840, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747279840, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320441010094715145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='6', pageStart='663', pageEnd='830', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774800000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747269413, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792749761919, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320451464481321472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320441010094715145, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320451464481321473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320441010094715145, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=757, endPage=767, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320441054025855618, articleId=1320441053824529025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Nutrient-sensing mechanisms in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: identification of hub miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks via multi-omics sequencing of the dorsal root ganglia, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus, with complex clinical manifestations and pathogenesis. From the perspective of PDPN progression, how nutrient sensing alters gene transcription represents a scientifically significant question worthy of investigation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly the association between post-transcriptional regulatory processes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and PDPN, remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study employed an integrated multi-omics approach to comprehensively profile the miRNA and mRNA expression landscape and analyze their regulatory networks in the DRG of a well-established rat model of PDPN.

Methods

Eighteen male SD rats (aged 4 to 5 weeks, weighing 90 to 100 g) were randomly divided into a vehicle control group and a PDPN group. The rat model of PDPN was established by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The DRG tissues from L4 to L6 were harvested from both groups (n=3 per group) for high-throughput sequencing of miRNAs and mRNAs. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and mRNAs (DEGs), followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. An integrated miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed. Preliminary validation was performed using RT-qPCR, with subsequent comparative analysis with relevant human-derived data.

Results

A total of 11 significantly upregulated and 7 significantly downregulated DEmiRs (|log2FC|>1, P<0.05), along with 416 upregulated and 110 downregulated DEGs (|log2FC|>1, P<0.05), were identified. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways closely related to pain and diabetic metabolism (threshold P<0.05), such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and lipid metabolism. Through construction of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, the results indicated that Ms4a2, Itgax, Wnt3, Tnn, and their upstream miRNAs may serve as core hubs regulating PDPN progression.

Conclusion

This study provides an initial systematic depiction of the miRNA-mRNA interaction network in the DRG of a PDPN model, demonstrating that Ms4a2, Itgax, Wnt3, Tnn, and their upstream miRNAs may modulate nutrient-sensing mechanisms involved in PDPN progression. Multiple potential therapeutic targets for PDPN are identified, including let-7i-5p, miR-9a-5p, miR-543-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-324-5p, miR-702-3p, Ikzf3, Klhl6, Igsf6, Tmc8, Tmc1, Lmx1a, Cldn16, Vwc2, and Cyp2c23. Importantly, sphingolipid metabolism is regarded as a key pathway likely connecting metabolic alterations to the development of PDPN. Our work preliminarily explores the nutrient-sensing mechanisms underlying PDPN progression from a novel perspective.

, authors=Tangqing GAO1, 2, Jingya LUO2, Mengxue ZHAO1, 2, Wei WU2, Haihong YANG1, 2, authorsList=Tangqing GAO, Jingya LUO, Mengxue ZHAO, Wei WU, Haihong YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei WU, Haihong YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2026 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320441056336917135, articleId=1320441053824529025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=痛性糖尿病周围神经病变的营养感知机制:基于背根神经节多组学测序发现枢纽miRNA-mRNA调控网络, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

痛性糖尿病周围神经病变(painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, PDPN)是糖尿病常见的破坏性并发症,其临床表现及发病机制复杂。从PDPN进展来看,营养感知如何改变基因转录是非常值得探讨的科学问题。然而其潜在的分子机制,尤其是背根神经节(dorsal root ganglia, DRG)中的转录后调控机制与PDPN之间的关联仍然知之甚少。因此,本研究采用整合的多组学方法,在成熟的PDPN大鼠模型的DRG中全面描绘了miRNA和mRNA的表达图谱并分析其调控脉络。

方法

选取18只雄性SD大鼠(4~5周龄,体质量90~100 g),随机分为阴性对照组(vehicle control)和PDPN组,利用链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin, STZ)诱导大鼠发生糖尿病,构建PDPN大鼠模型。取2组(n=3)的L4-L6 DRG组织,进行miRNA和mRNA高通量测序。通过生物信息学分析筛选差异表达的miRNAs(DEmiRs)和mRNAs(DEGs),并进行GO和KEGG富集分析,整合数据构建了miRNA-mRNA调控网络,最后通过RT-qPCR进行初步验证,并与人源相关数据进行分析比对。

结果

鉴定出11个显著上调和7个显著下调的DemiRs(|log2FC|>1,P<0.05),以及416个上调和110个下调的DEGs(|log2FC|>1,P<0.05)。KEGG通路分析显示DEGs显著富集于神经活性配体—受体相互作用和脂质代谢等与疼痛和糖尿病代谢密切相关的通路(阈值P<0.05)。通过构建miRNA-mRNA调控网络,结果显示Ms4a2、Itgax、Wnt3、Tnn以及上游miRNA可能是调节PDPN进展的核心枢纽。

结论

本研究初步系统地描绘了PDPN模型中DRG的miRNA-mRNA互作图谱,显示Ms4a2、Itgax、Wnt3、Tnn以及上游miRNA可能调节PDPN进展的营养感知机制,揭示了let-7i-5p、miR-9a-5p、miR-543-5p、miR-199a-5p、miR-324-5p、miR-702-3p、Ikzf3、Klhl6、Igsf6、Tmc8、Tmc1、Lmx1a、Cldn16、Vwc2、Cyp2c23等多个PDPN的潜在靶点,发现了鞘脂代谢很可能是联系代谢改变与PDPN发生之间的重要通路。从新的角度,初步探讨了PDPN进展的营养感知机制。

, authors=高堂清1, 2, 罗静雅2, 赵梦雪1, 2, 吴畏2, 杨海红1, 2, authorsList=高堂清, 罗静雅, 赵梦雪, 吴畏, 杨海红, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吴畏, 杨海红, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
吴畏, E-mail:
杨海红, E-mail:
WU Wei, E-mail:
YANG Haihong, E-mail:
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Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2025, 45(1): 81., articleTitle=Multi-dimensional multi-omics integrative study to identify target genes for ischemic stroke and related chronic pain, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320441056655684240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441056664072849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, companyId=1320441056655684240, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441056676655762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, companyId=1320441056655684240, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南交通大学医学院,成都)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320441056773124755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441056781513364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, companyId=1320441056773124755, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441056789901973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, companyId=1320441056773124755, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国人民解放军西部战区总医院麻醉科,成都)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320441059428119226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Changes in diabetes-related parameters and pain behaviors in rats following STZ injection (n=9, x¯±s), figureFileSmall=B4yQRD4Mjd52HkF9TirqBQ==, figureFileBig=Rsjk5pYXBdMtx6XkA5OTDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441059503616699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=CN, label=图1, caption=STZ注射后大鼠糖尿病相关指标和疼痛行为学的变化 (n=9, x¯±s)

A: Body weight changes in rats following STZ injection; B: Changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in rats following STZ injection; C: Changes in paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) assessed by the von Frey test; D: Changes in paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) assessed by the hot plate test. a: P<0.05, b: P<0.01, c: P<0.001, compared with the control group

, figureFileSmall=B4yQRD4Mjd52HkF9TirqBQ==, figureFileBig=Rsjk5pYXBdMtx6XkA5OTDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441059834966716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Heatmap and volcano plot analyses of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in the DRG of PDPN rats, figureFileSmall=htQKwoNBsyh6LHek85EOUA==, figureFileBig=jdmBeLkPLifOcmTDu+ydqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441059910464189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PDPN大鼠DRG组织差异表达miRNA和mRNA热图和火山图分析

A: Heatmap of differentially expressed miRNAs; B: Heatmap of differentially expressed mRNAs; C: Volcano plot of differentially expressed miRNAs; D: Volcano plot of differentially expressed mRNAs. Group A represents the PDPN model group. Red indicates RNAs upregulated relative to the other group, while blue indicates RNAs downregulated relative to the other group. DRG: dorsal root ganglia; PDPN: painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy

, figureFileSmall=htQKwoNBsyh6LHek85EOUA==, figureFileBig=jdmBeLkPLifOcmTDu+ydqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441060136956606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs in the DRG of PDPN rats, figureFileSmall=/DQxTn6MGDyBbzZIOKk1WA==, figureFileBig=GPre9HhKAyvn4suKt+ICTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441060199871167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=CN, label=图3, caption=PDPN大鼠DRG组织差异表达基因GO功能和KEGG通路分析

A: Bubble chart for GO biological process (BP) enrichment analysis of the target genes; B: Bubble chart for GO cellular component (CC) enrichment analysis of the target genes; C: Bubble chart for GO molecular function (MF) enrichment analysis of the target genes. The larger the circle, the greater the count value. A redder color indicates a smaller P-value; D: Bubble chart for KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the target genes. DRG: dorsal root ganglia; PDPN: painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy

, figureFileSmall=/DQxTn6MGDyBbzZIOKk1WA==, figureFileBig=GPre9HhKAyvn4suKt+ICTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441060266980032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in the DRG of PDPN rats, figureFileSmall=sehnXFlfUN3dwpmVoN7C3A==, figureFileBig=GjmOQTMMO4NAEOGl5GZrvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441060346671809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PDPN大鼠DRG组织miRNA-mRNA调控网络

A: Regulatory network of downregulated miRNAs and their targeted upregulated mRNAs; B: Regulatory network of upregulated miRNAs and their targeted downregulated mRNAs. Red indicates upregulated RNAs; blue indicates downregulated RNAs, Core hubs are displayed in dark colors and represented by diamond shapes. DRG: dorsal root ganglia; PDPN: painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy

, figureFileSmall=sehnXFlfUN3dwpmVoN7C3A==, figureFileBig=GjmOQTMMO4NAEOGl5GZrvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441060539609794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Validation of selected gene expression within the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network by RT-qPCR (n=6, x¯±s), figureFileSmall=3ATAcpvo5wf8SciJod3y4g==, figureFileBig=26Khzko/JL9n+HPiVxcOoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441060589941443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=CN, label=图5, caption=qPCR检测miRNA-mRNA网络中部分基因表达变化 (n=6, x¯±s)

A and B: mRNA expression profiles in the DRG of PDPN rats; C: miRNA expression profiles in the DRG of PDPN rats. DRG: dorsal root ganglia; PDPN: painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. a: P<0.05, b: P<0.01, c: P<0.001, compared with the control group

, figureFileSmall=3ATAcpvo5wf8SciJod3y4g==, figureFileBig=26Khzko/JL9n+HPiVxcOoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441060644467396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in human PDPN, figureFileSmall=yUiWTZfpJhi+htdErvS50g==, figureFileBig=o7rYrRxdzCerpoSUOnMbfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441060724159173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=CN, label=图6, caption=人类PDPN差异基因KEGG通路富集分析

A: KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes from the blood transcriptome of PDPN patients; B: KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially methylated genes from the sural nerve of PDPN patients. PDPN: painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy

, figureFileSmall=yUiWTZfpJhi+htdErvS50g==, figureFileBig=o7rYrRxdzCerpoSUOnMbfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441060803850950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

RT-qPCR primer sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
speciesprimer nameforward primer (5'-3')reverse primer (5'-3')
RatItgaxGAGTCCATCTCCCTCCAGGTTAGGACCACAAGCCAACAGC
RatTmc8ACGATAAGGACGGGCCAAGGGATTCAGATCTTCGTGGGGCT
RatIkzf3CGGCGACATGGAAGATATACAGCATTCAGAGCTTCCGGGCTT
RatKlhl6TCAGAATGGCTTGGAGACCCTGTTGCAGAACATGGCCCTGAAAT
RatIgsf6AGAAAAGTGGAAAAGGCGGCGCCCACCACACCAACTTGA
RatMs4a2AGTGCTGTTTGTTTTGTCTGGATTGCTGCCTCTCACCAGATACA
RatTnnGAACAGGGCGTCACCTATCCGAAATCGGGCGTCCACTGTA
RatWnt3TACCCAATTTGGTGGTCCCTGGTAATTGCGGCAGAAACGCA
RatCldn16ATGACTCTCTGGAGGTGAGCACGAGTCACCACCAGCTTCAA
RatTmc1AACAATGGTGGGGCAGGAATTGCAGAACCTCACGAAGCAT
RatLmx1aAACCAGCGAGCCAAGATGAACTCAGCCTCTGGGTGTTCTG
RatVwc2GAGCGCGCTGGTCGGCGGGAGTCGTTGTCCATGAG
Ratβ-actinCTGTGTGGATTGGTGGCTCTAGCTCAGTAACAGTCCGCCT
Ratlet-7i-5pTGAGGTAGTAGTTTGTGCTGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatmiR-9a-5pTCTTTGGTTATCTAGCTGTATGATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatmiR-543-5pAAGTTGCCCGCGTGTTTTTCGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatmiR-199a-5pCCCAGTGTTCAGACTACCTGTTCTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatmiR-324-5pCGCATCCCCTAGGGCATTGGTGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatmiR-702-3pTGCCCACCCTTTACCCCACTCCATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatU6CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACAAACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT
), ArticleFig(id=1320441060883542727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441053824529025, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RT-qPCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
speciesprimer nameforward primer (5'-3')reverse primer (5'-3')
RatItgaxGAGTCCATCTCCCTCCAGGTTAGGACCACAAGCCAACAGC
RatTmc8ACGATAAGGACGGGCCAAGGGATTCAGATCTTCGTGGGGCT
RatIkzf3CGGCGACATGGAAGATATACAGCATTCAGAGCTTCCGGGCTT
RatKlhl6TCAGAATGGCTTGGAGACCCTGTTGCAGAACATGGCCCTGAAAT
RatIgsf6AGAAAAGTGGAAAAGGCGGCGCCCACCACACCAACTTGA
RatMs4a2AGTGCTGTTTGTTTTGTCTGGATTGCTGCCTCTCACCAGATACA
RatTnnGAACAGGGCGTCACCTATCCGAAATCGGGCGTCCACTGTA
RatWnt3TACCCAATTTGGTGGTCCCTGGTAATTGCGGCAGAAACGCA
RatCldn16ATGACTCTCTGGAGGTGAGCACGAGTCACCACCAGCTTCAA
RatTmc1AACAATGGTGGGGCAGGAATTGCAGAACCTCACGAAGCAT
RatLmx1aAACCAGCGAGCCAAGATGAACTCAGCCTCTGGGTGTTCTG
RatVwc2GAGCGCGCTGGTCGGCGGGAGTCGTTGTCCATGAG
Ratβ-actinCTGTGTGGATTGGTGGCTCTAGCTCAGTAACAGTCCGCCT
Ratlet-7i-5pTGAGGTAGTAGTTTGTGCTGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatmiR-9a-5pTCTTTGGTTATCTAGCTGTATGATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatmiR-543-5pAAGTTGCCCGCGTGTTTTTCGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatmiR-199a-5pCCCAGTGTTCAGACTACCTGTTCTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatmiR-324-5pCGCATCCCCTAGGGCATTGGTGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatmiR-702-3pTGCCCACCCTTTACCCCACTCCATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
RatU6CTCGCTTCGGCAGCACAAACGCTTCACGAATTTGCGT
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高堂清 1, 2 , 罗静雅 2 , 赵梦雪 1, 2 , 吴畏 2 , 杨海红 1, 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·基础医学 2026,48(6): 757-767
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·基础医学 2026 , 48 (6) : 757 -767
痛性糖尿病周围神经病变的营养感知机制:基于背根神经节多组学测序发现枢纽miRNA-mRNA调控网络
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高堂清1, 2, 罗静雅2, 赵梦雪1, 2, 吴畏2 , 杨海红1, 2
作者信息
  • 1西南交通大学医学院,成都
  • 2中国人民解放军西部战区总医院麻醉科,成都
通讯作者:
吴畏, E-mail:
杨海红, E-mail:
WU Wei, E-mail:
YANG Haihong, E-mail:
Nutrient-sensing mechanisms in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: identification of hub miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks via multi-omics sequencing of the dorsal root ganglia
Tangqing GAO1, 2, Jingya LUO2, Mengxue ZHAO1, 2, Wei WU2 , Haihong YANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province
  • 2Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
出版时间: 2026-03-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512162
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目的

痛性糖尿病周围神经病变(painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, PDPN)是糖尿病常见的破坏性并发症,其临床表现及发病机制复杂。从PDPN进展来看,营养感知如何改变基因转录是非常值得探讨的科学问题。然而其潜在的分子机制,尤其是背根神经节(dorsal root ganglia, DRG)中的转录后调控机制与PDPN之间的关联仍然知之甚少。因此,本研究采用整合的多组学方法,在成熟的PDPN大鼠模型的DRG中全面描绘了miRNA和mRNA的表达图谱并分析其调控脉络。

方法

选取18只雄性SD大鼠(4~5周龄,体质量90~100 g),随机分为阴性对照组(vehicle control)和PDPN组,利用链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin, STZ)诱导大鼠发生糖尿病,构建PDPN大鼠模型。取2组(n=3)的L4-L6 DRG组织,进行miRNA和mRNA高通量测序。通过生物信息学分析筛选差异表达的miRNAs(DEmiRs)和mRNAs(DEGs),并进行GO和KEGG富集分析,整合数据构建了miRNA-mRNA调控网络,最后通过RT-qPCR进行初步验证,并与人源相关数据进行分析比对。

结果

鉴定出11个显著上调和7个显著下调的DemiRs(|log2FC|>1,P<0.05),以及416个上调和110个下调的DEGs(|log2FC|>1,P<0.05)。KEGG通路分析显示DEGs显著富集于神经活性配体—受体相互作用和脂质代谢等与疼痛和糖尿病代谢密切相关的通路(阈值P<0.05)。通过构建miRNA-mRNA调控网络,结果显示Ms4a2、Itgax、Wnt3、Tnn以及上游miRNA可能是调节PDPN进展的核心枢纽。

结论

本研究初步系统地描绘了PDPN模型中DRG的miRNA-mRNA互作图谱,显示Ms4a2、Itgax、Wnt3、Tnn以及上游miRNA可能调节PDPN进展的营养感知机制,揭示了let-7i-5p、miR-9a-5p、miR-543-5p、miR-199a-5p、miR-324-5p、miR-702-3p、Ikzf3、Klhl6、Igsf6、Tmc8、Tmc1、Lmx1a、Cldn16、Vwc2、Cyp2c23等多个PDPN的潜在靶点,发现了鞘脂代谢很可能是联系代谢改变与PDPN发生之间的重要通路。从新的角度,初步探讨了PDPN进展的营养感知机制。

痛性糖尿病周围神经病变  /  鞘脂代谢  /  营养感知  /  miRNA-mRNA
Objective

Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus, with complex clinical manifestations and pathogenesis. From the perspective of PDPN progression, how nutrient sensing alters gene transcription represents a scientifically significant question worthy of investigation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly the association between post-transcriptional regulatory processes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and PDPN, remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study employed an integrated multi-omics approach to comprehensively profile the miRNA and mRNA expression landscape and analyze their regulatory networks in the DRG of a well-established rat model of PDPN.

Methods

Eighteen male SD rats (aged 4 to 5 weeks, weighing 90 to 100 g) were randomly divided into a vehicle control group and a PDPN group. The rat model of PDPN was established by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The DRG tissues from L4 to L6 were harvested from both groups (n=3 per group) for high-throughput sequencing of miRNAs and mRNAs. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and mRNAs (DEGs), followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. An integrated miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed. Preliminary validation was performed using RT-qPCR, with subsequent comparative analysis with relevant human-derived data.

Results

A total of 11 significantly upregulated and 7 significantly downregulated DEmiRs (|log2FC|>1, P<0.05), along with 416 upregulated and 110 downregulated DEGs (|log2FC|>1, P<0.05), were identified. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways closely related to pain and diabetic metabolism (threshold P<0.05), such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and lipid metabolism. Through construction of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, the results indicated that Ms4a2, Itgax, Wnt3, Tnn, and their upstream miRNAs may serve as core hubs regulating PDPN progression.

Conclusion

This study provides an initial systematic depiction of the miRNA-mRNA interaction network in the DRG of a PDPN model, demonstrating that Ms4a2, Itgax, Wnt3, Tnn, and their upstream miRNAs may modulate nutrient-sensing mechanisms involved in PDPN progression. Multiple potential therapeutic targets for PDPN are identified, including let-7i-5p, miR-9a-5p, miR-543-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-324-5p, miR-702-3p, Ikzf3, Klhl6, Igsf6, Tmc8, Tmc1, Lmx1a, Cldn16, Vwc2, and Cyp2c23. Importantly, sphingolipid metabolism is regarded as a key pathway likely connecting metabolic alterations to the development of PDPN. Our work preliminarily explores the nutrient-sensing mechanisms underlying PDPN progression from a novel perspective.

painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy  /  sphingolipid metabolism  /  nutrient-sensing  /  miRNA-mRNA
高堂清, 罗静雅, 赵梦雪, 吴畏, 杨海红. 痛性糖尿病周围神经病变的营养感知机制:基于背根神经节多组学测序发现枢纽miRNA-mRNA调控网络. 陆军军医大学学报, 2026 , 48 (6) : 757 -767 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512162
Tangqing GAO, Jingya LUO, Mengxue ZHAO, Wei WU, Haihong YANG. Nutrient-sensing mechanisms in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: identification of hub miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks via multi-omics sequencing of the dorsal root ganglia[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2026 , 48 (6) : 757 -767 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512162
痛性糖尿病周围神经病变(painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, PDPN)是糖尿病常见的破坏性并发症[1]。PDPN临床表现复杂,主要特点为痛觉过敏、痛觉超敏与自发性疼痛(枪击样、电击样和针刺样疼痛等),部分还伴随焦虑、抑郁等并发症,影响15%至37%的糖尿病患者[2]。PDPN与一般性神经病理性疼痛不同,其核心病理特征包括高血糖介导的细胞损伤以及氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、神经炎症和下游的离子通道失调,从而导致整个周围神经系统的损伤[3-4],因此它是一个由代谢紊乱触发的复杂神经炎症性疾病。现有的治疗手段包括控制血糖和使用镇痛药物[5],镇痛药物的患者满意度较差,而控制血糖后并不足以祛除特别是2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)所致的PDPN。因此,探索糖代谢紊乱是如何诱发PDPN的病理改变,能更深入对疾病的理解,从而找寻PDPN的有效治疗靶点。
糖类和脂类不仅是提供能量的营养物质,还能在不同的信号转导途径中充当信号分子[6],而营养感知(nutrient-sensing)正是通过识别内环境中营养物质(葡萄糖、氨基酸、脂质等)的浓度变化,利用信号通路传递信息,从而调控基因表达,许多疾病的发生都与这种感知机制失调有关[7-8]。背根神经节(dorsal root ganglia, DRG)作为疼痛信号传导的第一级中转站,其基因表达的改变是神经病理性疼痛发生发展的分子基础。它通过产生异位放电、介导外周敏化、改变神经化学表型以及维持局部神经炎症,在疼痛的启动、维持和慢性化中发挥核心作用[9-11]。而微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)是细胞内核心的基因表达调控分子之一,通过抑制靶mRNA的翻译或促使其降解来调节蛋白质的合成。在神经病理性疼痛中,miRNA可以通过调控敏化、炎症和离子通道来参与疾病的整个过程[12-14],构成了复杂的调控网络。在糖尿病的进展中,miR-802的过度表达会导致糖耐量受损和胰岛素抵抗[15]。因此,本研究旨在探讨高血糖等代谢失衡如何影响营养感知通路,进而通过miRNA调控网络来改变DRG神经元的基因转录,导致PDPN的发生。
本研究利用高通量测序技术,同步分析PDPN进展中DRG的miRNA和mRNA的表达谱,构建其调控图谱,并与临床相关数据进行交叉比对,初步再现了DRG在PDPN进展中的营养感知调控机制。本研究不满足于简单的差异列表,而是通过高级生物信息学整合,构建因果推定的调控网络,并聚焦于能连接代谢与疼痛的枢纽基因。本研究不仅提供测序数据资源,更重要的是旨在揭示PDPN进展的“上游调控器”,验证代谢与疼痛之间的关联,从而为PDPN的精准有效治疗提供理论依据。
本研究选取雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(4~5周龄,体重90~100 g)。SD大鼠购自斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司。大鼠饲养在温度湿度相对恒定的环境中,12 h光照/12 h黑暗循环,自由进食饮水,实验过程中严格遵循国际动物实验福利指南,实验结束对大鼠实施过量麻醉安乐死。本研究已获得西部战区总医院医学伦理学委员会审批(动物伦理编号:2023EC5-ky051)。
使用抽签法将大鼠随机分为2组,每组9只:阴性对照组(vehicle control)和实验组(PDPN)。实验组高脂高糖饮食喂养4~6周至体质量达240~280 g,禁食不禁水12 h后腹腔单次注射STZ(Solarbio,S8050)45 mg/kg。对照组常规喂养相同时间后注射等量柠檬酸钠缓冲液。3 d后测量空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)>11.1 mmol/L视为发生糖尿病。
STZ注射后每周测试行为学。使用von-Frey细丝检测大鼠的机械缩足反射阈值(paw withdrawal mechanical threshold, PWMT),将大鼠放在带有金属网格底座的玻璃笼中,保持环境安静适宜。大鼠适应30 min后用von-Frey细丝刺激后爪,当大鼠出现明显缩足、舔爪等行为后停止刺激并记录刺激作用力的值,重复6次每次间隔10 min以上,取每次出现阳性反应的作用力最小值的平均值为机械缩足反射阈值。使用热板测痛仪检测热缩足潜伏期(paw withdrawal thermal latency, PWTL),提前将大鼠放入测试环境适应30 min,热板加热至55 ℃并保持温度不变,将大鼠置于热板上至大鼠出现明显缩足、舔爪等行为后立即移除大鼠,记录放入大鼠到出现疼痛反应之间的时间为热刺激反射潜伏期,超过30 s无论有无反应都立即移除大鼠。
使用致死剂量异氟烷麻醉大鼠,以俯卧位将其固定,沿着背部正中线切开皮肤,分离肌肉,咬除目标节段周围的椎板,使呈透明圆形的DRG充分暴露出来,使用精细镊子和剪刀快速分离DRG并置于RNA保护液中保存。
miRNA测序:使用小RNA文库构建试剂盒将3’和5’接头依次加到RNA样品上,逆转录为cDNA,然后进行PCR扩增。扩增后的文库通过片段筛选富集miRNA长度范围内的产物,然后在测序仪上进行测序。mRNA测序:使用Trizol试剂提取DRG组织总RNA,然后通过试剂盒富集mRNA,将富集后的mRNA片段化为~300 nt长度,利用逆转录酶和随机引物合成第1链cDNA,同时在含dUTP中的混合液中合成第2链,进行链特异性标记。对双链cDNA片段进行末端修复、加接头,再进行PCR扩增和纯化,获得测序文库,最后在测序仪进行150 bp双端测序。
在GEO数据库中检索PDPN相关人源数据,得到PDPN患者血液转录组测序数据(GSE185011),以及PDPN患者腓肠神经全基因组甲基化和转录变化数据(GSE148059、GSE148060、GSE148061)。将平台测序数据文件转换为标准基因名称,构建基因表达矩阵并归一化整理。
原始数据用Q30进行质控,使用cutadapt软件去除低质量reads,保留长度≥15 nt的reads(trimmed reads)。使用Novoalign软件将trimmed reads比对到合并的pre-miRNA数据库上(miRBase pre-miRNA+新预测的pre-miRNA),使用miRDeep2软件预测新的miRNA。统计比对到每条成熟miRNA上的tag数作为该miRNA的原始表达量,并使用TPM(tag counts per million aligned miRNAs)方法进行标准化。计算两组标准化reads间的P-value和Fold Change,以P-value<0.05,FC>2.0(|log2FC|>1)作为筛选差异miRNAs的阈值。
使用fastp软件对数据进行Q30质控与去接头处理,得到高质量reads。使用HISAT2软件将高质量reads比对到参考基因组上。利用feature Count软件获得基因水平原始count数作为mRNA表达谱。使用R软件对原始count数进行标准化,并计算两组标准化样品间的P-value和Fold Change,以P-value<0.05,FC>2.0(|log2FC|>1)作为筛选差异mRNA的阈值。
使用R软件中的clsuterProfiler包enrichGO函数对差异基因进行GO功能分析,pathview包进行KEGG通路富集分析,阈值P<0.05。
使用miRNA靶基因预测软件miRanda和Target Scan预测差异miRNA靶基因,所得结果取交集作为最终结果。将所得结果与差异mRNA比对重叠部分,利用Cytoscape软件绘制miRNA-mRNA调控图。
使用Trizol试剂提取DRG总RNA。使用Takara反转录试剂盒(RR047A)逆转录mRNA,翌圣试剂盒(11148ES)末端加A法逆转录miRNA,使用SYBR Green嵌合荧光法进行定量PCR分析,β-actin和U6作为内参,使用2-ΔΔCt公式计算RNA相对表达水平。引物序列见表1。
采用GraphPad Prism 9软件进行统计学分析。定量资料以x¯±s表示,通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov进行正态检验。行为学数据采用重复测量方差分析,Tukey事后检验比较各组间差异。两组间比较采用t检验。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
在注射STZ后,大鼠出现了明显的糖尿病症状,与对照组相比体重显著下降(图1A),空腹血糖符合糖尿病诊断标准,且呈持续高血糖状态(图1B)。同时,在STZ注射后第4周开始,大鼠出现了持续的疼痛样行为,表现为机械缩足反射阈值(PWMT)下降(图1C),热缩足潜伏期(PWTL)缩短(图1D),证实PDPN模型构建成功。
取对照组和明显发生PDPN并发症的大鼠L4-L6 DRG组织进行miRNA和mRNA高通量测序。为评估样本质量和实验重复性,绘制了两组样本间相关性热图(图2A、B),结果显示,所有生物学重复在组内高度聚集,且组间分离明显。接下来通过生物信息学分析筛选差异表达的miRNAs(DEmiRs)和mRNAs(DEGs)。通过差异表达分析,比较了神经病理性疼痛组与对照组的基因表达谱,并使用火山图进行可视化(图2C、D)。以|log2FC|>1且P-value<0.05为阈值,共鉴定出DEmiRs 18个,其中11个miRNA表达上调,7个miRNA表达下调;DEGs 526个,其中416个基因表达上调,110个基因表达下调。这些基因可能在与处理代谢与疼痛相关的生物学通路中发挥关键作用。
对DEGs进行GO功能分析发现(图3A~C),在生物过程(biological process,BP)方面,主要富集在多巴胺能神经元分化,中脑发育,神经肽信号通路,MAPK级联的调控等,其中Itgax还参与对蛋白质靶向线粒体的正向调控,Tmc1与钙离子跨膜转运有关,Wnt3参与神经元分化,Cldn16参与钙离子转运的正调控。在细胞组分(cell component,CC)方面,主要富集在非对称谷氨酸能兴奋性突触,离子型谷氨酸受体复合体,神经递质受体复合体,质膜信号受体复合体等。在分子功能(molecular function,MF)方面,主要富集在肽受体活性、电压门控单价离子通道活性、单价阳离子通道活性、单价离子通道活性等方面,其中Tmc1还参与调控电压门控钙通道活性。KEGG通路分析发现(图3D),DEGs主要富集在神经活性配体-受体相互作用、长期抑郁和脂质代谢等相关通路,其中Ms4a2还参与鞘脂信号通路,Tnn参与PI3K-Akt信号通路,Wnt3参与调节Wnt信号通路,Cyp2c23与花生四烯酸代谢和亚油酸代谢相关。
对所有差异表达miRNA的靶基因进行预测,使用miRNA靶基因预测软件miRanda和TargetScan的结果取交集作为miRNA靶基因预测的最终结果。并与反向相关的DEGs(即上调miRNA靶向下调mRNA,下调miRNA靶向上调mRNA)进行整合,构建miRNA-mRNA调控网络(图4)。分析发现,已有研究报道miR-34a-5p、miR-363-5p在神经病理性疼痛中发挥重要作用,miR-34a-5p是预测和早期检测PDPN的生物标志物,并参与PDPN引起的小胶质细胞炎症[16]。过表达miR-363-5p可以通过负向调节SERPING1减轻施万细胞损伤,从而提高大鼠神经病理性疼痛模型的痛阈[17]。这与本研究结果一致,侧面说明其他差异miRNA分子也可能参与PDPN的病理生理过程。同时,Itgax基因是let-7i-5p、miR-363-5p、miR-9a-5p三者的共同靶点,Itgax基因编码整合蛋白αX(integrin alpha X),亦称CD11c蛋白,是树突细胞(dendritic cell,DC)表达的特异蛋白。已有研究发现,表达CD11c蛋白的小胶质细胞亚型可以调节小鼠脑内神经元发育与促炎反应[18],脊髓中表达CD11c蛋白的小胶质细胞群参与神经病理性疼痛的发展和缓解[19],GO分析发现Itgax还参与对蛋白质靶向线粒体的正向调控,这进一步证实代谢紊乱与疼痛之间可能存在着密切联系。
由于成本限制,测序只用了3个生物学重复。在验证阶段增加至每组6个样本来对miRNA-mRNA网络中涉及的一部分基因进行qPCR验证(图5)。结果发现相关基因表达变化与测序结果基本一致,初步证实miRNA-mRNA调控网络在PDPN进展中的可靠性。
筛选人源PDPN测序数据的差异基因,并对差异表达基因进行KEGG通路分析。对PDPN患者的血液转录组差异表达基因进行通路分析发现(图6A),其主要富集在鞘脂代谢、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用等方面。对PDPN患者腓肠神经差异甲基化基因进行通路分析发现(图6B),主要富集在鞘脂代谢、Wnt信号通路、MAPK信号通路、肌醇磷酸代谢、轴突导向等方面,DNA甲基化可以调控基因表达,因而基因甲基化水平的改变对基因表达的变化具有一定参考意义。将人源数据分析结果与本研究比对发现,PDPN大鼠DRG差异表达基因同样参与鞘脂代谢、Wnt信号通路、MAPK信号通路等通路。
痛性糖尿病周围神经病变(painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, PDPN)是一个巨大的临床和社会难题,随着经济的发展和生活水平提高,发病率有上升的趋势。目前认为主要的病理生理机制囊括高血糖、氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、神经炎症和下游的离子通道失调等,但将糖尿病代谢特点与疼痛之间进行联系的相关研究较少,且尚无很好的治疗方案来解决疼痛对患者的困扰。营养感知是指细胞感知营养物质水平变化并做出相应适应性反应(如调节代谢、生长、自噬等)的一种分子机制,其信号异常不仅会导致营养物质代谢失衡,还与糖尿病、神经退行性疾病、癌症等疾病的发生密切相关[20]。为此,本研究基于生物信息学综合分析,构建miRNA-mRNA调控网络,找寻PDPN进展中涉及的与代谢相关的基因和通路,鉴定出Ms4a2、Itgax、Wnt3、Tnn以及上游miRNA等可能是联系糖尿病代谢与疼痛之间的核心枢纽,这些营养感知失衡后的代谢改变可能是导致PDPN发生的关键因素,为之后的进一步研究提供一个科学的思路。同时还发现了let-7i-5p、miR-9a-5p、miR-543-5p、miR-199a-5p、miR-324-5p、miR-702-3p、Ikzf3、Klhl6、Igsf6、Tmc8、Tmc1、Lmx1a、Cldn16、Vwc2、Cyp2c23等多个PDPN的潜在靶点,其具体功能还有待进一步证实。
基于本研究绘制的miRNA-mRNA调控网络,对网络中基因的功能进一步分析发现,miR-363-5p已被证实可以影响大鼠神经病理性疼痛模型的痛阈,其靶基因之一Ms4a2也被发现与疼痛敏感相关[21],Ms4a2还参与鞘脂信号通路,鞘脂的代谢产物影响神经发育、髓鞘形成和突触可塑性,其产物堆积甚至会造成神经损伤[22],因此miR-363-5p可能通过调控Ms4a2来改变鞘脂代谢导致PDPN的发生。此外,miR-363-5p、let-7i-5p、miR-9a-5p都可以调节Itgax基因的表达,而Itgax也被研究报道在疼痛中发挥作用,GO分析发现Itgax还参与对蛋白质靶向线粒体的正向调控,很可能参与调节糖尿病代谢紊乱引起的线粒体功能障碍,从而导致PDPN的发生。功能富集分析发现Wnt3参与神经元分化,还参与Wnt信号通路,该通路控制着胚胎发育、细胞增殖、分化、迁移及组织稳态等多个方面,Wnt还可以调节葡萄糖和脂质的代谢[23],与糖尿病的发生息息相关。该通路的激活还能够促进神经保护和修复,在神经发育过程中促进轴突延伸和突触形成,同时它的失调还与神经退行性疾病密切相关[24],因此Wnt3很可能是联系糖代谢紊乱与PDPN之间的又一关键分子。此外,本研究发现miR-324-5和miR-199a-5p的共同靶基因Tnn可以参与神经元的生成[25],Tnn还参与调节PI3K-Akt信号通路,该通路失调见于多种疾病,包括神经退行性疾病、糖尿病和炎症性疾病等,AKT在胰岛素信号中的作用尤为重要,它影响糖、脂肪和蛋白质的代谢,同时在炎症因子募集中发挥作用[26],因此Tnn可能是联系代谢失衡与PDPN之间的另一个重要枢纽。通过功能富集我们还发现,miR-324-5p的靶基因Cyp2c23参与花生四烯酸代谢和亚油酸代谢,但尚不清楚是否参与疼痛的发生。基于以上分析,发现Ms4a2、Itgax、Wnt3、Tnn不仅参与营养物质代谢,还与疼痛的发生和神经系统功能相关,因此它们很可能是营养感知失衡后导致PDPN发生的关键分子。
整合人源数据发现,PDPN患者血液差异表达基因以及腓肠神经差异甲基化基因都参与鞘脂代谢,而在本研究结果中,差异表达基因Ms4a2也参与鞘脂代谢并与疼痛敏感性相关。鞘脂是一类脂质分子,在神经组织中含量丰富,这说明营养感知失衡后导致的鞘脂代谢改变很可能是联系代谢与PDPN发生之间的重要通路,未来可以围绕鞘脂代谢进行深入探索。同时,PDPN患者腓肠神经差异甲基化基因还富集在Wnt信号通路、MAPK信号通路等,本研究构建的miRNA-mRNA网络中Wnt3基因也参与Wnt信号通路。虽然人源数据与本研究结果只有少部分重叠,但由于目前无法对人类DRG组织进行测序分析,而DRG在疼痛发生、发展与治疗中具有不可替代的作用,因此鼠源数据具有重要参考与研究价值。
在我们的研究结果当中,还发现了一些已被证实在疼痛中发挥作用的分子。例如,miR-34a-5p是PDPN的早期生物标志物,可以检测PDPN的发生,并通过调节ENPP3来介导PDPN引起的小胶质细胞炎症,我们分析发现miR-34a-5p在PDPN模型中靶向Ikzf3、Klhl6、Igsf6基因,说明这3个基因很有可能在PDPN中发挥重要作用。目前虽无直接报道说明let-7i-5p、miR-199a-5p与疼痛之间的关系,但我们对它们的靶基因分析发现,除Itgax与疼痛有关外,let-7i-5p的靶基因Tmc8与miR-199a-5p的靶基因Tmc1同属跨膜通道样(TMC)蛋白家族,该家族包含8个成员,Tmc1-Tmc8,同家族成员Tmc3、Tmc5、Tmc6、Tmc7被报道参与调节慢性疼痛。有研究发现Tmc6主要在中小背根神经节神经元中表达,并参与慢性疼痛特别是热痛的发生[27],缺乏Tmc3或Tmc5的小鼠表现出各种疼痛刺激(机械、热和冷)的伤害感受减少,而Tmc7缺失则增加了伤害感受[28]。而我们分析发现let-7i-5p的靶基因Tmc8在PDPN中表达增加,miR-199a-5p的靶基因Tmc1表达减少,GO功能分析还发现,Tmc1与钙离子跨膜转运有关且参与调控电压门控钙通道活性,说明let-7i-5p、Tmc8、miR-199a-5p、Tmc1是参与疼痛极具潜力的靶点。
对miR-324-5p的3个靶基因Lmx1a、Wnt3和Cldn16分析发现,Lmx1a也是miR-702-3p的靶基因,Lmx1a在产生多巴胺的神经元的发育中作为转录因子而发挥重要作用[29]。GO分析发现Cldn16参与钙离子转运的正调控。Wnt3的功能上述已经说明。这些证据都表明miR-324-5p及其靶基因对PDPN的发生起着重要作用。此外,miR-novel-chrX_17875的靶基因Vwc2编码的蛋白质可能参与早期大脑神经与功能的发育[30]。miR-199a-5p可以损害尿路上皮通透性,进而导致膀胱疼痛综合征的发生[31],在缺血性脑卒中后发生的慢性疼痛中,miR-298-5p是免疫相关细胞死亡的关键生物标志物[32]。
上述相关证据表明,我们研究的部分结果与已有的报道高度重合,说明我们的疼痛模型与测序结果具有科学性与可行性。同时,对已有研究的基因进行分析发现,有的分子可以调节与糖尿病相关营养物质的代谢,有的在神经系统的生长发育、损伤和疾病中起到关键作用,还有一些基因不仅可以调节代谢稳态,还可以影响神经系统的功能。进而说明那些未被研究的可能与疼痛有关的靶点具有极大的潜力,为该领域的未来研究方向提供了一些可行的线索。
本研究由于测序成本,初筛阶段每组只用了3个生物学重复,这虽然在探索性研究中是常见的,但统计效力有限。虽然后续增加样本量进行qPCR检测,但目前建立的调控关系仍是相关性和预测性的,而非因果性。虽然一些被研究过的分子与疼痛有关,但网络中的分子在痛性糖尿病周围神经病变中的功能仍是未知的。未来应该在原代DRG神经元过表达/敲低核心miRNA,并通过体外电生理或钙成像技术验证其功能,以及在动物模型体内验证miRNA和靶基因的功能,也可以利用双荧光素酶报告基因实验直接证实miRNA与靶基因3'UTR的结合。在丰富了这些研究之后,可能为开发以miRNA为靶点的镇痛药物提供新的思路。

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2026年第48卷第6期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512162
  • 接收时间:2025-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-30
  • 修回日期:2026-01-23
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    1西南交通大学医学院,成都
    2中国人民解放军西部战区总医院麻醉科,成都

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吴畏, E-mail:
杨海红, E-mail:
WU Wei, E-mail:
YANG Haihong, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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