Article(id=1320440975940497534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320440935603880850, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512072, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765641600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-14, revisedDate=1769270400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792747261270, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747261270, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747261270, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747261270, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320440935603880850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='5', pageStart='523', pageEnd='662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747251654, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792749737175, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320451360810713528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320440935603880850, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320451360810713529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320440935603880850, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=643, endPage=652, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320440976267653247, articleId=1320440975940497534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Moderate obedience enhances college students’ creativity: an exploration based on dual dimension of benefit-avoidance structure and moderating effect of age and marital status, columnId=1320435226828980311, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Medical Psychology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To revise and validate the Obedience Attitude Questionnaire for College Students (OAQ-CS), explore the sociological characteristics of obedience attitude, and preliminarily investigate the impact of obedience attitude on creativity.

Methods

Based on WANG Yuchao’s 8-item obedience questionnaire, the revision was made according to the characteristics of college students. A cross-sectional observation was conducted on 4 200 college students subjected with stratified cluster sampling from 3 institutions in Chongqing (Army Medical University, Chongqing University of Education, and Chongqing University). The participants were surveyed with the OAQ-CS and the College Students’ Creativity Assessment Inventory (CSCAI). The obtained data were analyzed with item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability testing. Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used to observe the demographic differences of college students’ obedience attitudes, Spearman correlation analysis was explored to analyze the correlation between variables, and stratified linear regression analysis was performed to explore the predictive factors of obedience attitude and creativity.

Results

① Item analysis revealed no items requiring deletion. EFA extracted 2 factors: self-interested obedience and harm-avoidance obedience. CFA demonstrated good model fit (χ²/df=2.90, RMSEA=0.03, CFI=0.99, IFI=0.99, TLI=0.99). The scale exhibited strong internal consistency reliability (α=0.87 to 0.91). ② College students had high overall propensity for obedience (42.51±9.85, M=46), with harm-avoidance obedience score (21.34±5.48) higher than self-interested obedience score (21.17±5.34). Total obedience attitude and its dimensions showed significant positive correlations with creativity (rs=0.28 to 0.87, P<0.001). Males and the individuals aged ≤22 years scored higher than their counterparts in females and those aged >22 years individuals in both obedience attitude and its dimensions(all P<0.05). Age (β=-0.21, P<0.001) was a negative predictor of obedience attitude, while male (β=0.06, P<0.001), married (β=0.11, P<0.001), and graduate students (β=0.13, all P<0.001) were positive predictors. Male (β=0.04, P<0.01), graduate students (β=0.05, P<0.05), obedience attitude (β=0.44, P<0.001), and the interaction term between obedience attitude and age (β=0.05, P<0.05) positively predicted creativity, whereas the interaction term between obedience attitude and marital status (β=-0.04, P<0.05) was a negative predictor of creativity.

Conclusion

Our revised OAQ-CS has good reliability and validity. College students display a high obedience tendency. Older individuals exhibit lower obedience and males higher than females. Moderate obedience, encompassing both self-interested and harm-avoidance dimensions, is conducive to creativity enhancement.

, authors=Qiaoning ZHOU1, 2, Zongpei DAI1, Jieying TAN1, Xiaoxiao SUN1, Chenxuan JIN1, Wenjun XIANG1, Qin DAI1, 3, authorsList=Qiaoning ZHOU, Zongpei DAI, Jieying TAN, Xiaoxiao SUN, Chenxuan JIN, Wenjun XIANG, Qin DAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qin DAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2026 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320440978666795138, articleId=1320440975940497534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=适度服从对大学生创造力的促进:基于趋利-避害双维结构的探究及年龄、婚姻状况的调节效应, columnId=1320435226988363865, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·医学心理研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

修订适用于大学生的服从态度问卷,分析服从态度的人口学特点,初步探讨服从态度对创造力的影响。

方法

以王瑜超的8题服从调查问卷为基础,针对大学生特点进行修订,采用横断面观察性研究设计,通过分层整群抽样,从3所重庆高校(陆军军医大学、重庆第二师范学院和重庆大学)抽取4 200 名大学生,运用初步修订的大学生服从态度问卷和大学生创造力调查问卷进行调查。对数据进行项目分析、探索性因子分析与验证性因子分析并检验信度;采用Mann-Whitney U非参数检验观察大学生服从态度的人口学差异,通过Spearman相关性分析考察变量间相关性,运用分层线性回归分析探讨服从态度和创造力的预测因素。

结果

①项目分析无删除条目;探索性因子分析提取趋利服从和避害服从两因子;验证性因子分析模型拟合良好(χ2/df=2.90、RMSEA=0.03、CFI=0.99、IFI=0.99、TLI=0.99);量表内部一致性信度良好(0.87~0.91)。②大学生整体服从倾向较高(42.51±9.85,M=46),避害服从得分(21.34±5.48)高于趋利服从(21.17±5.34);服从态度总分及各维度与创造力呈显著正相关(rs=0.28~0.87,P<0.001);男性和年龄≤22岁个体在服从态度及各维度得分上均高于对应的女性和年龄>22岁个体(均P<0.05);年龄(β=-0.21,P<0.001)是服从态度的负向预测因素,男性(β=0.06,P<0.001)、已婚(β=0.11,P<0.001)及研究生(β=0.13,P<0.001)是服从态度的正向预测因素;男性(β=0.04,P<0.01)、研究生(β=0.05,P<0.05)、服从态度(β=0.44,P<0.001)及服从态度与年龄的交互项(β=0.05,P<0.05)是创造力的正向预测因素,服从态度与已婚的交互项(β=-0.04,P<0.05)是创造力的负向预测因素。

结论

修订形成的大学生服从态度问卷信效度良好。大学生服从倾向较高,年龄较大的个体服从性较低,而男性服从性高于女性,适度服从包括趋利服从和避害服从有利于创造力提升。

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戴 琴,E-mail:
DAI Qin, E-mail:
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Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 2021, 47(1): 20-41., articleTitle=Culture and patterns of reciprocity: the role of exchange type, regulatory focus, and emotions, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320440979014922371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320440979027505284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, companyId=1320440979014922371, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Psychological Training Centre, College of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320440979040088197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, companyId=1320440979014922371, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系心理训练中心,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320440979111391366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320440979119779975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, companyId=1320440979111391366, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Clinical Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320440979132362888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, companyId=1320440979111391366, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院临床护理学教研室,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320440979216248969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320440979228831882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, companyId=1320440979216248969, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Research Center for Child Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320440979241414795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, companyId=1320440979216248969, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3重庆第二师范学院儿童脑与认知科学研究中心,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320440985163772087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Standardized path diagram of OAQ-CS (confirmatory factor analysis), figureFileSmall=qTGPgpMf+tNcdvkAeYhV4w==, figureFileBig=u/hRW5hZuyRoMdbqCXk6Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320440986774384824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=CN, label=图1, caption=大学生服从态度问卷标准化路径图(验证性因子分析), figureFileSmall=qTGPgpMf+tNcdvkAeYhV4w==, figureFileBig=u/hRW5hZuyRoMdbqCXk6Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320440987227369657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Revision of obedience attitude questionnaire for college students (OAQ-CS)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Serial numberOriginal OAQRevised OAQ-CS
Coerced obedienceHarm-avoidance obedience
The organization often reminds us that if this action is not carried out:The university often reminds us that if this action is not carried out:
1It has a significant adverse impact on my salary or career progressionIt has a significant negative impact on my quantitative score or comprehensive evaluation, as well as on awards, scholarships, and recommendations for graduate study
2I will be deprived of the benefits or rewards that I deserveI will be deprived of the benefits or rewards that I deserve
3I will be subject to material punishments, verbal or written criticism from the organizationI will be subject to material punishment, verbal or written criticism from the university
4The organization will decrease my work performanceMy Grade Point Average will be reduced by the university
Rewarded obedienceSelf-interested obedience
The organization often reminds us that if this action is carried out:The university often reminds us that if this action is carried out:
5This will greatly assist with my salary or advancementIt will be very helpful for my quantitative scoring, comprehensive evaluation, or awards, scholarships, and recommendations for further study
6I will receive verbal or written praise from the organizationThe university will provide me with verbal or written praise
7The organization will provide me with certain cash or non-cash rewardsThe university will provide me with a certain amount of cash or non-cash rewards
8The organization will improve my work performanceThe university will increase my Grade Point Average score
), ArticleFig(id=1320440987567108282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大学生服从态度问卷的修订

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Serial numberOriginal OAQRevised OAQ-CS
Coerced obedienceHarm-avoidance obedience
The organization often reminds us that if this action is not carried out:The university often reminds us that if this action is not carried out:
1It has a significant adverse impact on my salary or career progressionIt has a significant negative impact on my quantitative score or comprehensive evaluation, as well as on awards, scholarships, and recommendations for graduate study
2I will be deprived of the benefits or rewards that I deserveI will be deprived of the benefits or rewards that I deserve
3I will be subject to material punishments, verbal or written criticism from the organizationI will be subject to material punishment, verbal or written criticism from the university
4The organization will decrease my work performanceMy Grade Point Average will be reduced by the university
Rewarded obedienceSelf-interested obedience
The organization often reminds us that if this action is carried out:The university often reminds us that if this action is carried out:
5This will greatly assist with my salary or advancementIt will be very helpful for my quantitative scoring, comprehensive evaluation, or awards, scholarships, and recommendations for further study
6I will receive verbal or written praise from the organizationThe university will provide me with verbal or written praise
7The organization will provide me with certain cash or non-cash rewardsThe university will provide me with a certain amount of cash or non-cash rewards
8The organization will improve my work performanceThe university will increase my Grade Point Average score
), ArticleFig(id=1320440987663577275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Independent-samples t-test for high and low groups of the revised OAQ-CS and correlation analysis between each item and total score

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemtr
1-65.65 a0.71 a
2-62.37 a0.69 a
3-62.29 a0.72 a
4-62.15 a0.73 a
5-61.32 a0.72 a
6-66.92 a0.74 a
7-62.00 a0.73 a
8-63.96 a0.74 a
a: P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320440987990732988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

服从态度问卷高低分组的独立样本t检验及各项目与总分之间的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemtr
1-65.65 a0.71 a
2-62.37 a0.69 a
3-62.29 a0.72 a
4-62.15 a0.73 a
5-61.32 a0.72 a
6-66.92 a0.74 a
7-62.00 a0.73 a
8-63.96 a0.74 a
a: P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320440988062036158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Factor loadings of the revised OAQ-CS (exploratory factor analysis)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemFactor 1Factor 2
The university often reminds us that if this action is not carried out:
1. It has a significant negative impact on my quantitative score or comprehensive evaluation, as well as on awards, scholarships, and recommendations for graduate study0.82
2. I will be deprived of the benefits or rewards that I deserve0.81
3. I will be subject to material punishment, verbal or written criticism from the university0.82
4. My Grade Point Average will be reduced by the university0.78
The university often reminds us that if this action is carried out:
5. It will be very helpful for my quantitative scoring, comprehensive evaluation, or awards, scholarships, and recommendations for further study0.79
6. The university will provide me with verbal or written praise0.81
7. The university will provide me with a certain amount of cash or non-cash rewards0.80
8. The university will increase my Grade Point Average score0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1320440988447912127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

服从态度问卷旋转后的因子载荷(探索性因子分析)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemFactor 1Factor 2
The university often reminds us that if this action is not carried out:
1. It has a significant negative impact on my quantitative score or comprehensive evaluation, as well as on awards, scholarships, and recommendations for graduate study0.82
2. I will be deprived of the benefits or rewards that I deserve0.81
3. I will be subject to material punishment, verbal or written criticism from the university0.82
4. My Grade Point Average will be reduced by the university0.78
The university often reminds us that if this action is carried out:
5. It will be very helpful for my quantitative scoring, comprehensive evaluation, or awards, scholarships, and recommendations for further study0.79
6. The university will provide me with verbal or written praise0.81
7. The university will provide me with a certain amount of cash or non-cash rewards0.80
8. The university will increase my Grade Point Average score0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1320440988850565312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Obedience attitude levels of college students and demographic characteristics [n(%),x¯±s]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablePersonnelObedience attitude total scoreHarm-avoidance obedienceSelf-interested obedience
Overall4 20042.51±9.8521.34±5.4821.17±5.34
GenderMale2 654(63.19)42.99±9.3721.59±5.2421.40±5.09
Female1 546(36.81)41.69±10.5620.91±5.8320.77±5.73
Z-2.95 b-2.32 a-3.09 b
Age/years≤222 304(54.86)42.95±9.7221.58±5.4421.37±5.34
>221 896(45.14)41.98±9.9721.05±5.5120.93±5.33
Z-3.64c-2.99 b-3.16 b
Marital statusunmarried3 672(87.43)42.36±10.0221.26±5.5821.09±5.42
married528(12.57)43.61±8.4321.88±4.6821.73±4.75
Z-1.35-1.94-1.72
Education levelundergraduate2 870(68.33)42.33±10.1121.23±5.6721.09±5.45
Post-graduate1 330(31.67)42.92±9.2421.57±5.0221.34±5.10
Z-0.44-0.70-0.68
a: P<0.05, b: P<0.01, c: P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320440989240635585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

大学生服从态度水平和人口学特点[例(%),x¯±s]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablePersonnelObedience attitude total scoreHarm-avoidance obedienceSelf-interested obedience
Overall4 20042.51±9.8521.34±5.4821.17±5.34
GenderMale2 654(63.19)42.99±9.3721.59±5.2421.40±5.09
Female1 546(36.81)41.69±10.5620.91±5.8320.77±5.73
Z-2.95 b-2.32 a-3.09 b
Age/years≤222 304(54.86)42.95±9.7221.58±5.4421.37±5.34
>221 896(45.14)41.98±9.9721.05±5.5120.93±5.33
Z-3.64c-2.99 b-3.16 b
Marital statusunmarried3 672(87.43)42.36±10.0221.26±5.5821.09±5.42
married528(12.57)43.61±8.4321.88±4.6821.73±4.75
Z-1.35-1.94-1.72
Education levelundergraduate2 870(68.33)42.33±10.1121.23±5.6721.09±5.45
Post-graduate1 330(31.67)42.92±9.2421.57±5.0221.34±5.10
Z-0.44-0.70-0.68
a: P<0.05, b: P<0.01, c: P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320440989643288770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Correlation analysis between obedience attitude and creativity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableObedience attitudeHarm-avoidance obedienceSelf-interested obedienceCreativity
Obedience attitude-
Harm-avoidance obedience0.86 a-
Self-interested obedience0.87 a0.55 a-
Creativity0.28 a0.29 a0.30 a-
a: P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320440991329398979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

服从态度与创造力的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableObedience attitudeHarm-avoidance obedienceSelf-interested obedienceCreativity
Obedience attitude-
Harm-avoidance obedience0.86 a-
Self-interested obedience0.87 a0.55 a-
Creativity0.28 a0.29 a0.30 a-
a: P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320440991417479364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Hierarchical regression analysis of obedience attitude and creativity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Dependent variableModelIndependent variableBSEβtR 2ΔR 2F
Obedience attitudeModel 1constant51.201.2540.99 c0.020.0221.84 c
Age-0.460.06-0.21-7.96 c
Gender (control group: female)
Male1.210.320.063.83 c
Marital status (control group: unmarried)
Married3.220.610.115.33 c
Educational level(control group:undergraduate)
Post-graduate2.730.480.135.69 c
CreativityModel 1constant63.341.1356.24 c0.010.0111.78 c
Age-0.250.05-0.13-4.87 c
Gender (control group: female)
Male1.230.280.074.34 c
Marital status (control group: unmarried)
Married0.330.550.010.60
Educational level(control group:undergraduate)
Post-graduate2.040.430.114.70 c
Model 2constant45.391.2336.95 c0.160.15160.46 c
Age-0.090.05-0.05-1.92
Gender (control group: female)
Male0.810.260.043.09 b
Marital status (control group: unmarried)
Married-0.800.50-0.03-1.59
Educational level(control group:undergraduate)
Post-graduate1.080.400.062.69 b
Obedience attitude0.350.010.3927.33 c
Model 3constant43.201.4928.90 c0.170.0190.86 c
Age-0.070.05-0.04-1.45
Gender (control group: female)
Male0.790.260.043.00 b
Marital status (control group: unmarried)
Married-0.850.51-0.03-1.67
Educational level(control group:undergraduate)
Post-graduate0.930.400.052.31 a
Obedience attitude0.390.020.4417.54 c
Obedience attitude×age0.010.010.052.26 a
Obedience attitude×male-0.050.03-0.04-1.89
Obedience attitude×married-0.120.05-0.04-2.34 a
Obedience attitude×post-graduate-0.010.04-0.01-0.22
a: P<0.05, b: P<0.01, c: P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320440991744635077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440975940497534, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

服从态度与创造力的分层回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Dependent variableModelIndependent variableBSEβtR 2ΔR 2F
Obedience attitudeModel 1constant51.201.2540.99 c0.020.0221.84 c
Age-0.460.06-0.21-7.96 c
Gender (control group: female)
Male1.210.320.063.83 c
Marital status (control group: unmarried)
Married3.220.610.115.33 c
Educational level(control group:undergraduate)
Post-graduate2.730.480.135.69 c
CreativityModel 1constant63.341.1356.24 c0.010.0111.78 c
Age-0.250.05-0.13-4.87 c
Gender (control group: female)
Male1.230.280.074.34 c
Marital status (control group: unmarried)
Married0.330.550.010.60
Educational level(control group:undergraduate)
Post-graduate2.040.430.114.70 c
Model 2constant45.391.2336.95 c0.160.15160.46 c
Age-0.090.05-0.05-1.92
Gender (control group: female)
Male0.810.260.043.09 b
Marital status (control group: unmarried)
Married-0.800.50-0.03-1.59
Educational level(control group:undergraduate)
Post-graduate1.080.400.062.69 b
Obedience attitude0.350.010.3927.33 c
Model 3constant43.201.4928.90 c0.170.0190.86 c
Age-0.070.05-0.04-1.45
Gender (control group: female)
Male0.790.260.043.00 b
Marital status (control group: unmarried)
Married-0.850.51-0.03-1.67
Educational level(control group:undergraduate)
Post-graduate0.930.400.052.31 a
Obedience attitude0.390.020.4417.54 c
Obedience attitude×age0.010.010.052.26 a
Obedience attitude×male-0.050.03-0.04-1.89
Obedience attitude×married-0.120.05-0.04-2.34 a
Obedience attitude×post-graduate-0.010.04-0.01-0.22
a: P<0.05, b: P<0.01, c: P<0.001
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适度服从对大学生创造力的促进:基于趋利-避害双维结构的探究及年龄、婚姻状况的调节效应
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周巧宁 1, 2 , 代宗佩 1 , 谭洁滢 1 , 孙笑笑 1 , 金晨璇 1 , 向文君 1 , 戴琴 1, 3
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·医学心理研究 2026,48(5): 643-652
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·医学心理研究 2026 , 48 (5) : 643 -652
适度服从对大学生创造力的促进:基于趋利-避害双维结构的探究及年龄、婚姻状况的调节效应
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周巧宁1, 2, 代宗佩1, 谭洁滢1, 孙笑笑1, 金晨璇1, 向文君1, 戴琴1, 3
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系心理训练中心,重庆
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院临床护理学教研室,重庆
  • 3重庆第二师范学院儿童脑与认知科学研究中心,重庆
通讯作者:
戴 琴,E-mail:
DAI Qin, E-mail:
Moderate obedience enhances college students’ creativity: an exploration based on dual dimension of benefit-avoidance structure and moderating effect of age and marital status
Qiaoning ZHOU1, 2, Zongpei DAI1, Jieying TAN1, Xiaoxiao SUN1, Chenxuan JIN1, Wenjun XIANG1, Qin DAI1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1Psychological Training Centre, College of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing
  • 2Department of Clinical Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing
  • 3Research Center for Child Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512072
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目的

修订适用于大学生的服从态度问卷,分析服从态度的人口学特点,初步探讨服从态度对创造力的影响。

方法

以王瑜超的8题服从调查问卷为基础,针对大学生特点进行修订,采用横断面观察性研究设计,通过分层整群抽样,从3所重庆高校(陆军军医大学、重庆第二师范学院和重庆大学)抽取4 200 名大学生,运用初步修订的大学生服从态度问卷和大学生创造力调查问卷进行调查。对数据进行项目分析、探索性因子分析与验证性因子分析并检验信度;采用Mann-Whitney U非参数检验观察大学生服从态度的人口学差异,通过Spearman相关性分析考察变量间相关性,运用分层线性回归分析探讨服从态度和创造力的预测因素。

结果

①项目分析无删除条目;探索性因子分析提取趋利服从和避害服从两因子;验证性因子分析模型拟合良好(χ2/df=2.90、RMSEA=0.03、CFI=0.99、IFI=0.99、TLI=0.99);量表内部一致性信度良好(0.87~0.91)。②大学生整体服从倾向较高(42.51±9.85,M=46),避害服从得分(21.34±5.48)高于趋利服从(21.17±5.34);服从态度总分及各维度与创造力呈显著正相关(rs=0.28~0.87,P<0.001);男性和年龄≤22岁个体在服从态度及各维度得分上均高于对应的女性和年龄>22岁个体(均P<0.05);年龄(β=-0.21,P<0.001)是服从态度的负向预测因素,男性(β=0.06,P<0.001)、已婚(β=0.11,P<0.001)及研究生(β=0.13,P<0.001)是服从态度的正向预测因素;男性(β=0.04,P<0.01)、研究生(β=0.05,P<0.05)、服从态度(β=0.44,P<0.001)及服从态度与年龄的交互项(β=0.05,P<0.05)是创造力的正向预测因素,服从态度与已婚的交互项(β=-0.04,P<0.05)是创造力的负向预测因素。

结论

修订形成的大学生服从态度问卷信效度良好。大学生服从倾向较高,年龄较大的个体服从性较低,而男性服从性高于女性,适度服从包括趋利服从和避害服从有利于创造力提升。

服从  /  创造力  /  大学生
Objective

To revise and validate the Obedience Attitude Questionnaire for College Students (OAQ-CS), explore the sociological characteristics of obedience attitude, and preliminarily investigate the impact of obedience attitude on creativity.

Methods

Based on WANG Yuchao’s 8-item obedience questionnaire, the revision was made according to the characteristics of college students. A cross-sectional observation was conducted on 4 200 college students subjected with stratified cluster sampling from 3 institutions in Chongqing (Army Medical University, Chongqing University of Education, and Chongqing University). The participants were surveyed with the OAQ-CS and the College Students’ Creativity Assessment Inventory (CSCAI). The obtained data were analyzed with item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability testing. Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used to observe the demographic differences of college students’ obedience attitudes, Spearman correlation analysis was explored to analyze the correlation between variables, and stratified linear regression analysis was performed to explore the predictive factors of obedience attitude and creativity.

Results

① Item analysis revealed no items requiring deletion. EFA extracted 2 factors: self-interested obedience and harm-avoidance obedience. CFA demonstrated good model fit (χ²/df=2.90, RMSEA=0.03, CFI=0.99, IFI=0.99, TLI=0.99). The scale exhibited strong internal consistency reliability (α=0.87 to 0.91). ② College students had high overall propensity for obedience (42.51±9.85, M=46), with harm-avoidance obedience score (21.34±5.48) higher than self-interested obedience score (21.17±5.34). Total obedience attitude and its dimensions showed significant positive correlations with creativity (rs=0.28 to 0.87, P<0.001). Males and the individuals aged ≤22 years scored higher than their counterparts in females and those aged >22 years individuals in both obedience attitude and its dimensions(all P<0.05). Age (β=-0.21, P<0.001) was a negative predictor of obedience attitude, while male (β=0.06, P<0.001), married (β=0.11, P<0.001), and graduate students (β=0.13, all P<0.001) were positive predictors. Male (β=0.04, P<0.01), graduate students (β=0.05, P<0.05), obedience attitude (β=0.44, P<0.001), and the interaction term between obedience attitude and age (β=0.05, P<0.05) positively predicted creativity, whereas the interaction term between obedience attitude and marital status (β=-0.04, P<0.05) was a negative predictor of creativity.

Conclusion

Our revised OAQ-CS has good reliability and validity. College students display a high obedience tendency. Older individuals exhibit lower obedience and males higher than females. Moderate obedience, encompassing both self-interested and harm-avoidance dimensions, is conducive to creativity enhancement.

obedience  /  creativity  /  college students
周巧宁, 代宗佩, 谭洁滢, 孙笑笑, 金晨璇, 向文君, 戴琴. 适度服从对大学生创造力的促进:基于趋利-避害双维结构的探究及年龄、婚姻状况的调节效应. 陆军军医大学学报, 2026 , 48 (5) : 643 -652 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512072
Qiaoning ZHOU, Zongpei DAI, Jieying TAN, Xiaoxiao SUN, Chenxuan JIN, Wenjun XIANG, Qin DAI. Moderate obedience enhances college students’ creativity: an exploration based on dual dimension of benefit-avoidance structure and moderating effect of age and marital status[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2026 , 48 (5) : 643 -652 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512072
服从社会规范对于维持社会秩序、促进群体协作具有基础性作用,它既是集体行动的心理纽带,也是文化传承的实践载体[1]。从动机机制视角来看,这一普遍的社会行为背后蕴含着可追溯的心理逻辑,杨志天[2]基于期望理论提出的服从期望理论恰好为该逻辑的解析提供了核心框架。该理论指出,服从是主体为寻求奖赏或免受惩罚,通过对环境信息的加工判断而产生的与客体一致的态度或行为。自MILGRAM[3]的经典电击实验以来,服从研究受到广泛关注,但现有研究多集中于外部情境因素,如权威强度、情境压力等[4],而服从的个体差异研究匮乏。对于大学生而言,服从态度的发展与塑造,不仅关乎校园秩序的维护、个体学业发展和社会适应能力[5],最关键的是可能影响创造力[6]等核心能力的培育。
在当今社会,大学生的创造力不仅是个人发展的关键能力,也是社会经济发展的重要驱动力。随着知识经济时代的到来,创新成为了国家竞争力的重要标志之一[7]。随着社会多元化发展,大学生在纪律意识和价值观方面出现弱化趋势[8],导致服从态度呈弱化现象,与传统规范产生冲突,削弱了社会适应能力,甚至可能限制创造力的发挥[9]。期望理论指出,个体的动机是期望、工具性与效价的乘积[10]。“只要服从就能得到奖励或避免惩罚”——这种“信念”就是工具性,是激发个体动机的核心驱动力。大学生可能对权威的期望(如教师对创新的要求)进行加工判断而调整自身态度或行为,当大学生相信服从能带来预期的正向结果(奖励或免于惩罚)时,他们的动机会被激活,从而选择符合制度要求的行为,这种外在动机可能会转化为内在的创造性努力。现有研究表明,大学生创造力发展受个体特质[11]、教育模式[12]与技术应用[13]共同影响。然而,聚焦中国语境的研究仍存在局限,未能揭示儒家文化中“尊师重道”“服从权威”等社会化特征[14]对创造力的深层影响。特别是,国内对大学生服从态度与创造力关系的研究较为匮乏。
为全面理解服从态度并为其管理提供科学依据,系统研究具有重要意义,而高效的测量工具是第一步。国外多采用情景实验[4, 15](如MILGRAM[3]的权力服从研究),奠定了该领域的基础。而国内研究较少且系统性不足:如周晓虹[16]通过叙事分析剖析服从的内在逻辑;宋官东等[17]探讨其本质;郭俊[18]针对武警群体编制问卷;王瑜超[19]改编的职场工作者服从调查问卷,涵盖“强制服从”和“报偿服从”2个维度,丰富了测量工具。然而,不同群体的服从态度受环境影响,需结合具体情境进行测量。目前,针对大学生服从态度的测评工具尚不完善,相关研究较少。王瑜超[19]于2015年改编的8题问卷在企业与政府工作人员的研究中验证了其良好的信效度,是目前明确区分“强制服从”与“报偿服从”维度的工具,具有科学简便的优点,且符合期望理论模型[2, 17]。然而,该问卷仅适用于职场工作者,未考虑大学生的特殊性,亟须开发适用于大学生群体的服从态度问卷,为后续研究提供测量工具。
基于服从期望理论,本研究拟修订王瑜超[19]于2015年改编的8题服从调查问卷,结合大学生群体特征进行适应性调整。通过该工具评估大学生的服从态度水平及人口学特点,并进一步探讨服从态度对创造力的影响,为大学生服从态度的测量及创造力提升提供理论支持与实践参考。
采用横断面观察性研究设计方案,于2024年3-6月通过分层整群抽样法,在重庆3所大学(陆军军医大学、重庆第二师范学院和重庆大学)中开展调查。调查样本量以量表条目的5~10倍为宜[20],考虑90%的有效回收率,本研究量表条目初步确定为24题,因此至少需要120份有效问卷,为确保数据可靠性,实际采样将适当扩大样本量。纳入标准:①在读大学生;②能阅读中文。排除标准:①存在认知功能障碍;②脑损伤(器质性病变或外伤);③既往诊断精神疾病史。发放问卷4 251份,最终获得有效问卷4 200份(有效率98.80%)。覆盖不同年龄、性别、婚姻状况和学业层次,具有代表性。被试年龄17~45(23.31±4.44)岁,年龄≤22岁2 304人(54.86%);男性2 654人(63.19%);未婚3 672人(87.43%);研究生1 330人(31.67%)。6个月后对235名被试进行复测。本研究经陆军军医大学医学伦理委员会批准(2024第31-02号)。
问卷基于文献回顾和课题组讨论设计,包括性别、年龄、婚姻状况及学业层次等。
采用由江怀[21]改编的大学生创造力调查问卷,包含发散性思维(7项)、才智应用能力(6项)和人格特征(3项)3个维度,共16个条目。采用Likert 5点计分(1=非常不符合,5=非常符合),总分越高表示创造力水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.88。
采用由王瑜超[19]于2015年改编的8题服从调查问卷中的“强制服从”和“报偿服从”维度(各4条目,共8条目),该量表已证实具有良好的信效度,采用Likert 7点计分(1=非常不同意,7=非常同意),总分范围8~56分,得分越高,表明服从态度水平越高。研究团队通过讨论调整原始职业背景以适应大学生群体(例如将“组织”替换为“大学”)。随后邀请10位心理学与教育学领域的专家[22](包括1名博士生导师、3名博士和6名硕士)对问卷条目进行进一步评估和修订,重点关注3个维度:学术术语的标准化、与高校环境的契合度以及与研究主题的相关性。
预调查样本根据初始问卷条目数的5~10倍进行估算[20],选取100名在读大学生为研究对象[年龄(23.08±4.28)岁,18~36岁]。问卷有效回收率100%,其中男性57人(57.00%),女性43人(43.00%);本科生73人(73.00%),研究生27人(27.00%)。
临界值比较:将所有条目计算总分并按降序排列,总分按前27%和后27%分为高分组和低分组[23]。2组进行独立样本t检验,剔除组间无显著差异(P>0.05)及t<3.0的条目。
条目与总分相关系数:将各条目得分与总分进行Pearson相关性分析,剔除相关系数<0.4且无统计学意义(P>0.05)的条目。
将4 200份数据随机分为2组。第一组采用SPSS 26.0进行探索性因子分析(exploratory factor analysis,EFA),通过主成分分析提取特征值>1的共同因子。若条目在单个维度的因子载荷<0.5,或在2个及2个以上维度的因子载荷>0.5,则予以剔除[23]。第二组数据使用AMOS 21.0进行验证性因子分析(confirmatory factor analysis,CFA),模型χ2/df<3.00,RMSEA<0.08,各拟合指数均>0.90,表明模型拟合良好且结构效度强[23]。
问卷总分的Cronbach’s α系数>0.8,表明具有良好的信度,0.7~0.8为可接受范围。各子量表的Cronbach’s α系数均>0.7,显示良好的内部一致性。
由1名博士生导师牵头组建研究小组,小组成员包括2名心理治疗师、1名统计学老师、1名心理学博士和5名心理学硕士。问卷通过文献查阅、小组讨论以及专家咨询等方式确定,问卷内容通过大学伦理审查。严格依据纳入标准和排除标准筛选研究对象。研究对象在签署《知情同意书》后,小组成员通过统一指导语向其说明填写方法和注意事项,并通过问卷星平台发放问卷,当场检查问卷填写情况。提取问卷结果后,采取双人核对录入并核查校正的方式,数据分析由统计学专业人员进行。
采用SPSS 26.0进行统计分析,由于数据呈非正态分布,但本研究样本量较大,依据中心极限定理[24],仍采用例(%)、x¯±s和M描述其集中与离散趋势。采用非参数检验方法(Mann-Whitney U 检验)观察大学生服从态度的人口学组间差异;采用Spearman相关性分析考察变量间相关性;采用分层回归分析(人口学变量为第1层,服从态度为第2层,服从态度与人口学变量的交互项为第3层)探讨服从态度和创造力的预测因素,当P<0.05时表示差异有统计学意义。
根据学生对量表条目的理解反馈,研究小组对2个条目进行修订:将条目4“学校将会降低我的学习绩点”改为“我的学习绩点得分会被学校降低”;将条目6“我会受到学习口头或书面形式的表扬”改为“学校将会给予我口头或书面形式的表扬”。修订后问卷作为正式调查工具,具体内容见表1。预调查结果显示(n=100):总量表Cronbach’s α=0.91,KMO=0.92,Bartlett检验χ2=19 699.43(P<0.001),提取2个公因子(特征值>1),累积方差解释率为73.52%。
临界值比较:根据问卷总分排序,将总分前后27%的被试划分为高分组(≥50)和低分组(≤37),进行独立样本t检验,t值分布在-66.92~-61.32(P<0.001),无删除条目。具体结果见表2。
条目与总分相关系数:将各条目得分与总分做相关性分析,系数为0.69~0.74(表2),8个条目得分与总分的相关性均较好。
将数据随机分成样本一(n=2 104)和样本二(n=2 096),分别进行探索性和验证性因子分析。
KMO=0.92,Bartlett检验χ2=9 680.64(P<0.001),提取2个公因子(特征值>1),累积方差解释率为73.19%(表3)。
χ2/df=2.90,RMSEA=0.03,比较拟合指数(comparative fit index,CFI)=0.99,增量拟合指数(incremental fit index,IFI)=0.99,非规范拟合指数(tucker-lewis index,TLI)=0.99,两因子模型适配(图1)。
问卷总体Cronbach’s α系数为0.91(趋利服从0.87,避害服从0.88);6个月后重测信度为0.71(趋利服从0.66,避害服从0.68),均P<0.001。
大学生服从态度总体得分为42.51±9.85(M=46),其中避害服从(21.34±5.48,M=24)略高于趋利服从(21.17±5.34,M=23),见表4。
结果显示,男性和年龄≤22 岁的个体在服从态度及各维度得分上均高于对应的女性和年龄>22岁的个体(均P<0.05),见表4。
服从态度总分、趋利服从、避害服从维度和创造力两两变量之间呈显著正相关(rs=0.28~0.87),见表5。
将服从态度作为因变量,纳入人口学变量,能够解释模型2%的变异(P<0.001)。年龄(β=-0.21,P<0.001)是服从态度的负向预测因素,男性、已婚及研究生(β=0.06、0.11、0.13,均P<0.001)是服从态度的正向预测因素。
对于创造力,第1层放入人口学变量,能够解释模型1%的变异(P<0.001),第2层加入服从态度,能够独立解释15%的变异(P<0.001),第3层放入服从态度与人口学变量的交互项,能够独立解释1%的变异(P<0.001)。结果显示,男性(β=0.04,P<0.01)、研究生(β=0.05,P<0.05)、服从态度(β=0.44,P<0.001)及服从态度与年龄的交互项(β=0.05,P<0.05)正向预测创造力,服从态度与已婚的交互项(β=-0.04,P<0.05)是创造力的负向预测因素。见表6。
本研究基于期望理论对大学生服从态度问卷进行修订,结果表明修订后的问卷具有良好的信效度,并保留了原有的双因素结构。对大学生的调查研究发现,该群体整体服从倾向较高,适度服从(包括趋利服从和避害服从)有利于创造力提升。
修订的大学生服从态度问卷保留了原有的8个条目,同时针对大学生特点进行了适应性调整。项目分析无删除条目,表明问卷能够有效区分服从态度的高低水平,且各条目得分与问卷总分的相关系数为0.69~0.74,显示出良好的内部一致性。修订后的问卷和各维度的Cronbach’s α系数在0.87~0.91,进一步验证了其稳定性与可靠性。在效度方面,提取的趋利服从和避害服从双因子结构有效区分了服从态度的不同维度。需要指出的是,“趋利”和“避害”2个维度并非简单的镜像表达:前者关注个体对损失的规避,后者则聚焦于个体对收益的追求[25]。这种设计能够全面捕捉个体的真实态度和行为倾向:如果仅从收益角度提问(如“趋利”维度),可能会忽略那些对收益不敏感但对损失敏感的个体,从而导致测量结果失真。此外,“趋利”和“避害”维度的问题情境保持一致(如“执行这一行为”),能够有效避免因问题设置不同而引入的潜在误差。修订后的问卷为大学生服从态度的测量提供了科学、有效的工具,有助于教育工作者和政策制定者更精准地评估学生特征。
目前,国内针对大学生群体服从态度的研究较为匮乏,本研究对大学生服从态度水平进行描述性分析。结果显示:①大学生服从态度总体得分为42.51±9.85(M=46),不仅高于王新羿[26]报道的新型冠状病毒感染期间的北京交通大学学生,也高于西方教育背景群体[27],且中位数高于均值,表明服从态度分布呈左偏态[28],进一步证实了该群体整体服从倾向较高的特点,这一现象可能源于中国教育环境对集体主义与权威认同的强化,与服从期望理论中“文化规范塑造服从预期”的核心观点[29]相契合。②避害服从(21.34±5.48)与趋利服从(21.17±5.34)不仅表现出相近水平,相关性分析显示二者显著正相关(rs=0.55),这一发现表明在高压或高风险情境下,个体对奖赏的渴求(趋利)与对惩罚的回避(避害)往往会同步激活,共同构成服从行为的驱动力[30]。趋利服从与避害服从的强关联性暗示大学生在行为决策中可能采用双重计算策略,即同时权衡奖励获取与惩罚规避的预期效用。③避害服从(M=24)与趋利服从(M=23)中位数差异提示避害动机略占优势,表明多数学生因规避惩罚而服从,与“相较于奖励机制,惩罚措施往往能引发更强的服从行为”的观点一致[19]。但趋利服从的显著相关性表明当代大学生在权威情境中呈现出更为复杂的成本-收益分析模式,为理解集体主义文化下服从行为的心理机制提供了实证依据,对高校管理、课程设计及学生心理辅导具有指导意义。
研究发现,年龄较大的个体服从性较低,而男性服从性高于女性。具体而言:①年龄较大者服从性较低,可能原因为年龄增长带来的心理成熟、经验积累、价值观转变以及对制度信誉的深入理解[17]。②男性服从性高于女性,与武警官兵中的调查结果一致[18],可能与男性在职场中的角色定位或对职责感的认知有关。进一步的交互效应显示,服从态度与年龄的交互项正向预测创造力,其与已婚状态的交互项是创造力的负向预测因素。随年龄增长,服从态度对创造力的正向作用增加,可能因大学生随着年龄增长带来的心理成熟、经验积累、价值观转变[17],个体的社会适应性(服从态度)反而可能成为一种资源,更懂得在何时遵守规则、何时打破常规,从而更有效地发挥创造力;而在已婚群体中,服从态度对创造力的正向作用被弱化,这可能与不同群体对“服从”的加工判断差异有关——当已婚个体判断服从会削弱家庭角色时,其创造力表现会显著下降[31]。在组织环境中,理解这些差异有助于更精准地引导服从态度,但需避免“一刀切”的做法。应结合具体情境和个体特点,制定有针对性的策略,才能真正实现有效引导。
结果表明,大学生服从态度(包括趋利服从和避害服从)与创造力显著正相关,且能正向预测创造力水平,这一发现印证了期望理论关于“制度性预期塑造行为动机”的论点[32],证实了在明确奖惩预期的制度框架下,服从态度能转化为创新行为的驱动力。对于大学生而言,当他们相信服从(遵守规则、完成任务等)能带来学业成功或外部认可时,这种外在动机会转化为内在的创造性努力。这与一项关于中职班主任工作的研究[33]结论相似,即恰当的任务设置可以激发学生积极思考和创新,培养他们解决问题的能力,表明在受到适度约束(服从任务要求)的环境下,学生的创造性思维能得到锻炼。此外,趋利服从体现的目标导向性符合中国大学生“实用理性”特点,能有效激发制度框架下的创新动力,印证了任春晓等[34]关于制度认同与创新效能的研究。再者,避害服从的风险规避倾向,在集体主义文化中可能转化为对创新风险的理性评估,而非简单抑制创造力,这与张璇等[35]的结论相符。以上结论拓展了期望理论的应用边界,证实服从预期不仅影响常规行为,还能促进创新行为这一高级认知活动;深化了该理论的文化维度,揭示了中国文化中“规范框架促进创新”的特殊机制[36]。在集体主义文化背景下,个体对权威的尊重与对规则的遵守,不仅有助于维持社会秩序,也可能通过提供明确的行为规范和预期结果,促进个体在制度框架内的创新行为。因此,科学引导服从态度,将规范转化为可预期的成长路径,可通过提供稳定的创新环境和明确的目标导向,进一步推动大学生创造力的发展,具有重要的现实推广价值。
本研究采用自我报告法,可能存在一定测量误差,后续研究可结合行为观察或实验法进行多方法验证;同时,作为横断面调查,本研究未能完全揭示服从态度对创造力的影响机制。本研究对王瑜超[19]的服从调查问卷进行了大学生适用性修订,初步探讨了大学生服从态度水平及人口学特点,进一步分析服从态度对创造力的影响,为评估大学生服从态度提供可靠工具,也为大学生创造力提升提供理论支持。
本研究基于期望理论修订了大学生服从态度问卷,验证了其良好的信效度及双因素结构。进一步研究发现,该群体整体服从倾向较高,且适度服从(包括趋利服从和避害服从)能正向预测创造力水平。本研究提供了科学便捷的测量工具,还揭示了教育环境和文化因素对服从态度的影响机制。建议高校在维持必要纪律约束的同时,注重将规范要求转化为可预期的成长路径,通过优化创新环境和强化目标导向,实现服从态度与创造力的协调发展。

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2026年第48卷第5期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512072
  • 接收时间:2025-12-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-14
  • 修回日期:2026-01-25
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系心理训练中心,重庆
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院临床护理学教研室,重庆
    3重庆第二师范学院儿童脑与认知科学研究中心,重庆

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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