Article(id=1320440941064868541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320440935603880850, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512065, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765468800000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-12, revisedDate=1767888000000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792747252955, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747252955, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747252955, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747252955, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320440935603880850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='5', pageStart='523', pageEnd='662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747251654, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792749737175, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320451360810713528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320440935603880850, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320451360810713529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320440935603880850, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=551, endPage=562, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320440942142804670, articleId=1320440941064868541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Icariin ameliorates cognitive impairment and decreases hyperactive endocrine hormone levels in Alzheimer’s disease mice by regulating osteocalcin secretion, columnId=1320435149808980440, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Neuroscience, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate whether icariin (ICA) ameliorates cognitive impairment and modulates relevant endocrine hormone alterations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice by regulating osteocalcin (OCN) secretion.

Methods

An AD mouse model was established by intraventricular injection of okadaic acid (OA). Using a stratified design, 4-week-old male SPF mice (weighing 18 to 22 g) were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=6): wild-type (WT) control group (intragastric administration of 60 mg/kg normal saline); WT-AD group (WT mice with left intracerebroventricular injection of 1 µL OA); WT+ICA group (60 mg/kg ICA daily); WT-AD+ICA group (WT-AD mice with daily 60 mg/kg ICA); OCN-/- control group (OCN-/- mice with 60 mg/kg normal saline); OCN-/--AD group (OCN-/- mice with left intracerebroventricular injection of 1 µL OA); OCN-/-+ICA group (OCN-/- mice with 60 mg/kg ICA daily); and OCN-/--AD+ICA group (OCN-/--AD mice with 60 mg/kg ICA daily). The Morris water maze test was conducted to assess learning and memory abilities, while open field test was performed to evaluate anxiety levels. Hippocampal histopathological changes were observed with HE staining and silver impregnation staining; Nissl bodies in hippocampal neurons were detected with Nissl staining. Immunohistochemistry assay was employed to determine the expression of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and OCN, and Western blotting was used to measure the protein levels of Aβ and OCN. ELISA was applied to detect the expression levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), glucose (GLU), glucocorticoid (GC), and cortisol (COR).

Results

Morris water maze test demonstrated that compared with the WT-AD group, the WT-AD+ICA group exhibited significantly shortened escape latency, prolonged time spent in the target quadrant, and increased platform crossing frequency (all P<0.05); similarly, the OCN-/--AD+ICA group showed improvements than the OCN-/--AD group (all P<0.05). Open field test results indicated that compared with the WT-AD group, the WT-AD+ICA group displayed significantly increased total exploration distance, distance in the center, and time in the center, enhanced activity willingness, and reduced time in peripheral zone and distance in peripheral zone (all P<0.05); similar improvements were observed in the OCN-/--AD+ICA group compared with the OCN-/--AD group (all P<0.05). Staining results revealed that ICA intervention attenuated hippocampal pathology, restored hippocampal morphological architecture, reduced neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and promoted gradual recovery of Nissl bodies; however, the OCN-/- mice failed to achieve complete normalization. Immunohistochemistry assay showed that compared with the WT-AD group, the WT-AD+ICA group exhibited decreased Aβ levels and increased OCN levels (all P<0.05); similar trends were observed in the OCN-/--AD+ICA group relative to the OCN-/--AD group (all P<0.05). Western blotting demonstrated that compared with the WT-AD group, the WT-AD+ICA group showed reduced Aβ expression and elevated OCN expression (both P<0.05); comparable changes were found in the OCN-/--AD+ICA group compared with the OCN-/--AD group (both P<0.05). ELISA indicated that compared with the WT-AD group, the WT-AD+ICA group exhibited significantly decreased levels of CRH, GLU, GC, and COR (all P<0.05); similar reductions were observed in the OCN-/--AD+ICA group compared with the OCN-/--AD group (all P<0.05).

Conclusion

ICA ameliorates cognitive impairment and reduces levels of related hyperactive endocrine hormones in AD model mice through regulating OCN secretion.

, authors=Man CUI1, Qifeng ZHU2, Xing FANG2, Lian GU2, Yu YAN3, Lilin FANG4, Mingda ZHANG5, Xingyu CHEN1, authorsList=Man CUI, Qifeng ZHU, Xing FANG, Lian GU, Yu YAN, Lilin FANG, Mingda ZHANG, Xingyu CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qifeng ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2026 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320440944135099087, articleId=1320440941064868541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=淫羊藿苷通过调控骨钙素改善AD模型小鼠认知损害及降低相关亢进内分泌激素水平, columnId=1320435149964169690, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·神经科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索淫羊藿苷(icariin,ICA)通过调节骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)分泌改善阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型小鼠认知损害及影响相关内分泌激素变化情况。

方法

通过侧脑室注射冈田酸(okadaic acid,OA)制备AD小鼠模型。使用分层设计方法将4周龄,体质量18~22 g的雄性SPF级小鼠分为8组(n=6):野生对照(wild type,WT)组:小鼠60 mg/kg生理盐水灌胃;野生模型(WT-AD)组:WT小鼠+左侧脑室注射1 µL OA;野生加药(WT+ICA)组:每日60 mg/kg ICA;野生模型加药(WT-AD+ICA)组:WT-AD小鼠+每日60 mg/kg ICA。敲除对照(OCN-/-)组:OCN-/-小鼠60 mg/kg生理盐水灌胃;敲除模型(OCN-/--AD)组:OCN-/-小鼠+左侧脑室注射1 µL OA。敲除加药(OCN-/-+ICA)组:OCN-/-小鼠+每日60 mg/kg ICA;敲除模型加药(OCN-/--AD+ICA)组:OCN-/--AD小鼠+每日60 mg/kg ICA。Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠学习记忆能力,旷场实验评估其焦虑水平;HE染色、镀银染色观察各组小鼠海马组织病理学变化,尼氏染色检测小鼠海马神经元尼氏小体表达情况;免疫组化检测β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β-protein,Aβ)、OCN阳性表达,Western blot检测Aβ、OCN的表达水平。ELISA检测促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(corticotropin releasing hormone,CRH)、葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)、糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)、皮质醇(cortisol,COR)表达水平。

结果

Morris水迷宫实验结果显示,WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,小鼠潜伏期缩短和目标象限停留时间延长,穿越平台次数增加(均P<0.05);旷场实验结果显示,WT-AD+ICA与WT-AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,小鼠的运动总距离、中央场运动距离及停留时间显著增加,活动意愿增强,周边区域停留时间和运动距离显著降低(均P<0.05);染色结果显示,经ICA干预后的海马病理减轻,海马形态结构趋于正常、神经纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles,NFTs)减少、尼氏小体呈逐渐恢复状态,但OCN-/-组小鼠仍未恢复到正常水平;免疫组化结果显示,WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,Aβ水平下降,OCN水平上升(均P<0.05)。Western blot结果显示,WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,Aβ水平下降,OCN水平上升(均P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD相比,CRH、GLU、GC、COR水平明显降低(均P<0. 05)。

结论

ICA可通过调节OCN分泌改善AD模型小鼠认知损害并降低相关亢进内分泌激素水平。

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朱其凤,E-mail:
ZHU Qifeng, E-mail:
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figureFileBig=dNPd/kMA9Gazq5+Oxg5k1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320440951672263454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440941064868541, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各组小鼠血清中CRH、GLU、GC、COR表达水平比较, figureFileSmall=2tqefCp/bA7rb6Klp0VZoQ==, figureFileBig=dNPd/kMA9Gazq5+Oxg5k1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320440951743566623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440941064868541, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of escape latency across the groups of mice (n=6,x¯±s)

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GroupDay 1/sDay 2/sDay 3/sDay 4/sDay 5/s
WT27.59±10.6218.92±1.8413.16±5.2412.54±3.228.95±2.11
WT-AD43.09±3.07a32.75±3.43a26.30±5.62a26.28±6.23a16.41±1.95a
WT+ICA10.35±1.98a6.94±1.64a5.90±1.15a3.74±1.12a3.11±0.86a
WT-AD+ICA31.62±9.39b22.90±5.15b18.98±5.54b13.21±3.92b9.30±1.00b
OCN-/-46.08±1.46a34.55±5.64a27.35±3.11a23.30±3.90a15.07±5.67a
OCN-/--AD57.98±7.81c49.57±1.15c40.84±3.20c33.46±8.22c20.98±4.70c
OCN-/-+ICA33.73±2.94c26.09±4.15c18.25±2.46c14.58±2.37c8.89±3.07c
OCN-/--AD+ICA53.53±1.51de38.24±6.08de37.98±1.70de24.20±2.68de15.59±1.59de
), ArticleFig(id=1320440951814869792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320440941064868541, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组小鼠逃避潜伏期比较(n=6,x¯±s)

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GroupDay 1/sDay 2/sDay 3/sDay 4/sDay 5/s
WT27.59±10.6218.92±1.8413.16±5.2412.54±3.228.95±2.11
WT-AD43.09±3.07a32.75±3.43a26.30±5.62a26.28±6.23a16.41±1.95a
WT+ICA10.35±1.98a6.94±1.64a5.90±1.15a3.74±1.12a3.11±0.86a
WT-AD+ICA31.62±9.39b22.90±5.15b18.98±5.54b13.21±3.92b9.30±1.00b
OCN-/-46.08±1.46a34.55±5.64a27.35±3.11a23.30±3.90a15.07±5.67a
OCN-/--AD57.98±7.81c49.57±1.15c40.84±3.20c33.46±8.22c20.98±4.70c
OCN-/-+ICA33.73±2.94c26.09±4.15c18.25±2.46c14.58±2.37c8.89±3.07c
OCN-/--AD+ICA53.53±1.51de38.24±6.08de37.98±1.70de24.20±2.68de15.59±1.59de
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Intergroup differences in behavioral performance in the open field test(n=6,x¯±s)

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GroupTotal exploration distance/mDistance in center/mTime in center/sProportion of time in center/%Time in peripheral zone/sDistance in perpheral zone/m
WT20.70±5.1613.43±0.9667.81±1.5722.60±1.57108.90±17.448.50±1.29
WT-AD6.28±2.58a1.65±0.48a13.12±1.56a4.30±1.56a207.30±43.74a13.99±4.22a
WT+ICA27.80±7.12a16.88±0.47a83.88±3.50a27.60±3.50a59.93±14.32a2.54±0.91a
WT-AD+ICA18.96±2.13b7.88±0.58b54.93±4.29b18.30±4.28b137.57±16.91b4.29±1.35b
OCN-/-10.90±3.39a2.51±0.49a22.57±2.96a7.50±2.96a206.18±23.87a15.08±3.48a
OCN-/--AD3.20±0.74c0.80±1.90c4.25±0.81c1.41±0.81c268.12±20.21c20.86±2.69c
OCN-/-+ICA18.60±1.87c4.03±0.63c35.33±1.60c11.80±1.60c153.45±32.16c6.45±2.14c
OCN-/--AD+ICA11.58±3.25de2.56±0.63de15.83±0.63de5.30±0.63de187.78±28.56de11.16±4.48de
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各组小鼠旷场实验结果比较(n=6,x¯±s)

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GroupTotal exploration distance/mDistance in center/mTime in center/sProportion of time in center/%Time in peripheral zone/sDistance in perpheral zone/m
WT20.70±5.1613.43±0.9667.81±1.5722.60±1.57108.90±17.448.50±1.29
WT-AD6.28±2.58a1.65±0.48a13.12±1.56a4.30±1.56a207.30±43.74a13.99±4.22a
WT+ICA27.80±7.12a16.88±0.47a83.88±3.50a27.60±3.50a59.93±14.32a2.54±0.91a
WT-AD+ICA18.96±2.13b7.88±0.58b54.93±4.29b18.30±4.28b137.57±16.91b4.29±1.35b
OCN-/-10.90±3.39a2.51±0.49a22.57±2.96a7.50±2.96a206.18±23.87a15.08±3.48a
OCN-/--AD3.20±0.74c0.80±1.90c4.25±0.81c1.41±0.81c268.12±20.21c20.86±2.69c
OCN-/-+ICA18.60±1.87c4.03±0.63c35.33±1.60c11.80±1.60c153.45±32.16c6.45±2.14c
OCN-/--AD+ICA11.58±3.25de2.56±0.63de15.83±0.63de5.30±0.63de187.78±28.56de11.16±4.48de
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Comparison of silver-stained area ratios, Nissl-stained mean gray values, and mean optical densities of OCN, and Aβ among mouse groups(n=6,x¯±s)

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Groupsilver area ratio/%Neyman mean gray valueOCN AOAβ AO
WT47.26±2.16189.11±2.460.280±0.0160.105±0.006
WT-AD35.32±2.17a197.92±2.56a0.170±0.006a0.133±0.003a
WT+ICA64.20±2.76a173.36±2.93a0.415±0.051a0.075±0.003a
WT-AD+ICA45.39±2.48b177.41±3.40b0.277±0.028b0.093±0.007b
OCN-/-13.30±0.91a198.98±3.22a0.166±0.009a0.126±0.016a
OCN-/--AD4.10±2.03c204.75±1.08c0.088±0.011c0.143±0.013c
OCN-/--ICA33.69±2.16c196.93±4.08c0.282±0.181c0.095±0.007c
OCN-/--AD+ICA19.13±1.31de199.08±1.78de0.161±0.004de0.110±0.005de
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各组小鼠海马镀银面积比、尼氏平均灰度值及OCN、Aβ平均光密度比较(n=6,x¯±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Groupsilver area ratio/%Neyman mean gray valueOCN AOAβ AO
WT47.26±2.16189.11±2.460.280±0.0160.105±0.006
WT-AD35.32±2.17a197.92±2.56a0.170±0.006a0.133±0.003a
WT+ICA64.20±2.76a173.36±2.93a0.415±0.051a0.075±0.003a
WT-AD+ICA45.39±2.48b177.41±3.40b0.277±0.028b0.093±0.007b
OCN-/-13.30±0.91a198.98±3.22a0.166±0.009a0.126±0.016a
OCN-/--AD4.10±2.03c204.75±1.08c0.088±0.011c0.143±0.013c
OCN-/--ICA33.69±2.16c196.93±4.08c0.282±0.181c0.095±0.007c
OCN-/--AD+ICA19.13±1.31de199.08±1.78de0.161±0.004de0.110±0.005de
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淫羊藿苷通过调控骨钙素改善AD模型小鼠认知损害及降低相关亢进内分泌激素水平
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崔曼 1 , 朱其凤 2 , 方兴 2 , 古联 2 , 闫雨 3 , 方俪霖 4 , 张明达 5 , 陈星宇 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·神经科学 2026,48(5): 551-562
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·神经科学 2026 , 48 (5) : 551 -562
淫羊藿苷通过调控骨钙素改善AD模型小鼠认知损害及降低相关亢进内分泌激素水平
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崔曼1, 朱其凤2 , 方兴2, 古联2, 闫雨3, 方俪霖4, 张明达5, 陈星宇1
作者信息
  • 1广西中医药大学研究生院,广西 南宁
  • 2广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院神经内科,广西 南宁
  • 3合江县中医医院心脑病科,四川 泸州
  • 4平南县中医院脑病科,广西 贵港
  • 5广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院空港院区神经内科,广西 崇左
通讯作者:
朱其凤,E-mail:
ZHU Qifeng, E-mail:
Icariin ameliorates cognitive impairment and decreases hyperactive endocrine hormone levels in Alzheimer’s disease mice by regulating osteocalcin secretion
Man CUI1, Qifeng ZHU2 , Xing FANG2, Lian GU2, Yu YAN3, Lilin FANG4, Mingda ZHANG5, Xingyu CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1Graduate School of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi
  • 2Department of Neurology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi
  • 3Department of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Hejiang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan
  • 4Department of Encephalopathy, Pingnan County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guigang, Guangxi
  • 5Department of Neurology, Ruikang Hospital Airport Branch, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512065
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目的

探索淫羊藿苷(icariin,ICA)通过调节骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)分泌改善阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型小鼠认知损害及影响相关内分泌激素变化情况。

方法

通过侧脑室注射冈田酸(okadaic acid,OA)制备AD小鼠模型。使用分层设计方法将4周龄,体质量18~22 g的雄性SPF级小鼠分为8组(n=6):野生对照(wild type,WT)组:小鼠60 mg/kg生理盐水灌胃;野生模型(WT-AD)组:WT小鼠+左侧脑室注射1 µL OA;野生加药(WT+ICA)组:每日60 mg/kg ICA;野生模型加药(WT-AD+ICA)组:WT-AD小鼠+每日60 mg/kg ICA。敲除对照(OCN-/-)组:OCN-/-小鼠60 mg/kg生理盐水灌胃;敲除模型(OCN-/--AD)组:OCN-/-小鼠+左侧脑室注射1 µL OA。敲除加药(OCN-/-+ICA)组:OCN-/-小鼠+每日60 mg/kg ICA;敲除模型加药(OCN-/--AD+ICA)组:OCN-/--AD小鼠+每日60 mg/kg ICA。Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠学习记忆能力,旷场实验评估其焦虑水平;HE染色、镀银染色观察各组小鼠海马组织病理学变化,尼氏染色检测小鼠海马神经元尼氏小体表达情况;免疫组化检测β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β-protein,Aβ)、OCN阳性表达,Western blot检测Aβ、OCN的表达水平。ELISA检测促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(corticotropin releasing hormone,CRH)、葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)、糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)、皮质醇(cortisol,COR)表达水平。

结果

Morris水迷宫实验结果显示,WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,小鼠潜伏期缩短和目标象限停留时间延长,穿越平台次数增加(均P<0.05);旷场实验结果显示,WT-AD+ICA与WT-AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,小鼠的运动总距离、中央场运动距离及停留时间显著增加,活动意愿增强,周边区域停留时间和运动距离显著降低(均P<0.05);染色结果显示,经ICA干预后的海马病理减轻,海马形态结构趋于正常、神经纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles,NFTs)减少、尼氏小体呈逐渐恢复状态,但OCN-/-组小鼠仍未恢复到正常水平;免疫组化结果显示,WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,Aβ水平下降,OCN水平上升(均P<0.05)。Western blot结果显示,WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,Aβ水平下降,OCN水平上升(均P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD相比,CRH、GLU、GC、COR水平明显降低(均P<0. 05)。

结论

ICA可通过调节OCN分泌改善AD模型小鼠认知损害并降低相关亢进内分泌激素水平。

阿尔茨海默病  /  淫羊藿苷  /  骨钙素  /  神经内分泌
Objective

To investigate whether icariin (ICA) ameliorates cognitive impairment and modulates relevant endocrine hormone alterations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice by regulating osteocalcin (OCN) secretion.

Methods

An AD mouse model was established by intraventricular injection of okadaic acid (OA). Using a stratified design, 4-week-old male SPF mice (weighing 18 to 22 g) were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=6): wild-type (WT) control group (intragastric administration of 60 mg/kg normal saline); WT-AD group (WT mice with left intracerebroventricular injection of 1 µL OA); WT+ICA group (60 mg/kg ICA daily); WT-AD+ICA group (WT-AD mice with daily 60 mg/kg ICA); OCN-/- control group (OCN-/- mice with 60 mg/kg normal saline); OCN-/--AD group (OCN-/- mice with left intracerebroventricular injection of 1 µL OA); OCN-/-+ICA group (OCN-/- mice with 60 mg/kg ICA daily); and OCN-/--AD+ICA group (OCN-/--AD mice with 60 mg/kg ICA daily). The Morris water maze test was conducted to assess learning and memory abilities, while open field test was performed to evaluate anxiety levels. Hippocampal histopathological changes were observed with HE staining and silver impregnation staining; Nissl bodies in hippocampal neurons were detected with Nissl staining. Immunohistochemistry assay was employed to determine the expression of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and OCN, and Western blotting was used to measure the protein levels of Aβ and OCN. ELISA was applied to detect the expression levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), glucose (GLU), glucocorticoid (GC), and cortisol (COR).

Results

Morris water maze test demonstrated that compared with the WT-AD group, the WT-AD+ICA group exhibited significantly shortened escape latency, prolonged time spent in the target quadrant, and increased platform crossing frequency (all P<0.05); similarly, the OCN-/--AD+ICA group showed improvements than the OCN-/--AD group (all P<0.05). Open field test results indicated that compared with the WT-AD group, the WT-AD+ICA group displayed significantly increased total exploration distance, distance in the center, and time in the center, enhanced activity willingness, and reduced time in peripheral zone and distance in peripheral zone (all P<0.05); similar improvements were observed in the OCN-/--AD+ICA group compared with the OCN-/--AD group (all P<0.05). Staining results revealed that ICA intervention attenuated hippocampal pathology, restored hippocampal morphological architecture, reduced neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and promoted gradual recovery of Nissl bodies; however, the OCN-/- mice failed to achieve complete normalization. Immunohistochemistry assay showed that compared with the WT-AD group, the WT-AD+ICA group exhibited decreased Aβ levels and increased OCN levels (all P<0.05); similar trends were observed in the OCN-/--AD+ICA group relative to the OCN-/--AD group (all P<0.05). Western blotting demonstrated that compared with the WT-AD group, the WT-AD+ICA group showed reduced Aβ expression and elevated OCN expression (both P<0.05); comparable changes were found in the OCN-/--AD+ICA group compared with the OCN-/--AD group (both P<0.05). ELISA indicated that compared with the WT-AD group, the WT-AD+ICA group exhibited significantly decreased levels of CRH, GLU, GC, and COR (all P<0.05); similar reductions were observed in the OCN-/--AD+ICA group compared with the OCN-/--AD group (all P<0.05).

Conclusion

ICA ameliorates cognitive impairment and reduces levels of related hyperactive endocrine hormones in AD model mice through regulating OCN secretion.

Alzheimer’s disease  /  icariin  /  osteocalcin  /  neuroendocrine
崔曼, 朱其凤, 方兴, 古联, 闫雨, 方俪霖, 张明达, 陈星宇. 淫羊藿苷通过调控骨钙素改善AD模型小鼠认知损害及降低相关亢进内分泌激素水平. 陆军军医大学学报, 2026 , 48 (5) : 551 -562 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512065
Man CUI, Qifeng ZHU, Xing FANG, Lian GU, Yu YAN, Lilin FANG, Mingda ZHANG, Xingyu CHEN. Icariin ameliorates cognitive impairment and decreases hyperactive endocrine hormone levels in Alzheimer’s disease mice by regulating osteocalcin secretion[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2026 , 48 (5) : 551 -562 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512065
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种起病隐匿且进行性发展的慢性神经系统退行性疾病,主要表现为记忆、思维、行为和情绪等多方面的异常[1-3]。而AD发病机制复杂,针对其病因的新药研发进展缓慢。研究发现,骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)不仅作用于骨骼系统,还可通过骨外内分泌作用对多器官组织发挥调节作用,其中包括对认知功能的调节[4-5],非羧化OCN(undercarboxylated osteocalcin,ucOCN)经生物信号刺激后可由骨分泌入血后通过血脑屏障(blood brain barrier,BBB)参与对中枢神经系统的调控,建立在骨、脑之间的介导应答系统,被称为骨-脑轴[6-8]。
近年文献报道,神经内分泌应激系统的过度激活是AD发病的危险因素之一,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal,HPA)轴作为维持内环境稳态和应激反应的重要内分泌轴,这种功能紊乱可能会导致大多数动物或人出现行为缺陷和情绪障碍[9]。AD模型小鼠中出现HPA轴的过度激活,这种持续的高水平应激状态,被认为可通过损害海马神经元的代谢、突触可塑性与生存能力等方式直接加剧AD的病理进程[10-11]。
尽管OCN的神经调控作用及其与AD发病相关性的研究取得一定进展,但骨-脑轴的具体调控机制,以及如何通过靶向该通路实现AD防治,尚未得到系统阐明。同时有研究表明骨源性因子作为关键的信号分子,可通过内分泌途径直接或间接调控神经系统的发育、代谢和病理进程[12-14]。近年来中药活性成分如淫羊藿苷(icariin, ICA)[15-16]被发现除了预防骨质疏松症、调节免疫系统外[17],还具有多重神经保护和抗炎作用,并可改善认知障碍,在神经退行性疾病防治领域表现出广阔前景[18]。课题组前期研究也发现ICA能够促进成骨细胞分泌OCN,且与AD的神经递质和神经炎症密切相关[19]。然而,ICA是否通过调节OCN分泌及其相关内分泌通路实现对AD的干预,其作用机制尚缺乏系统的实验验证与探究。
本研究以建立AD动物模型为基础,聚焦ICA对OCN的分泌调控及其神经保护作用机制。深入探讨ICA的神经保护作用及对AD动物模型行为学和病理等改善效果是否依赖于OCN的存在及其神经内分泌激素调节功能,进一步拓展骨源性激素在AD中的作用,并提供骨-脑轴之间的介导应答的新思路,为中药现代化和多靶点药物治疗AD等神经退行性疾病提供科学依据。
实验采用4周龄,体质量18~22 g的雄性SPF级小鼠:野生型C57BL/6J小鼠[购自斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司,许可证号:SCXK(京)2024-0001]和OCN基因敲除(OCN-/-)小鼠[定制于广州赛业百沐生物科技有限公司,许可证号:SCXK(苏)2022-0016]。所有小鼠饲养于广西中医药大学SPF级动物房,在(22±2) ℃恒温、12 h光暗循环条件下适应性喂养1周后开始实验。实验方案经广西中医药大学动物福利伦理委员会批准(DW20240919-206),符合3R原则和伦理要求。
冈田酸(okadaic acid, OA)、ICA(上海源叶生物科技有限公司,批号分别为S30686、A10029);RIPA裂解液、BCA蛋白定量检测试剂盒(武汉赛维尔生物技术有限公司,批号分别为G2002、G2026);异氟烷(深圳市瑞沃德生命科技有限公司,批号R510-22);β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β- protein,Aβ)(武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司,批号:25524-1-AP);人工脑脊液(上海源叶生物科技有限公司);ELISA试剂盒(上海凡科维生物公司)。
Spectramax i3x型酶标仪(美国Molecular Devices公司);Western blot成像系统、电泳仪(美国Bio-Rad公司);Morris水迷宫、旷场实验装置(上海软隆科技发展有限公司,型号分别为:BW-MWM101、ZS-KC);全自动石蜡切片机(德国MICROM公司,型号:HM355S);研究级显微镜(日本OLYMPUS公司,型号:BX-60);多样本组织研磨机(上海净信实业发展有限公司);微量高速离心机(深圳市瑞沃德生命技术有限公司,型号:M1324R);脑立体定位仪(深圳市瑞沃德生命科技股份有限公司,型号:71000-r),麻醉机(深圳市瑞沃德生命科技有限公司)。
小鼠经过1周的适应性喂养后,参照CHOU等[20]的实验,采用侧脑室注射OA的方法制备AD小鼠模型。麻醉与固定:使用4.5%异氟烷(氧气流速0.8 L/min)诱导麻醉小鼠2 min,随后以1.0%~1.5%异氟烷(氧气流速0.3~0.5 L/min)维持。将小鼠固定于脑立体定位仪上,以耳杆稳定头部。术前准备:剃除颅顶毛发,消毒术野。沿矢状缝切开头皮,暴露并清洁前囟,以此为原点设定三维坐标零点。定位与钻孔:输入侧脑室坐标(AP:0 mm,ML:-0.9 mm,DV:-2.5 mm)。于目标点进行颅骨钻孔,其间以PBS冷却,避免损伤硬脑膜。药物注射:使用微量注射器,以0.2 μL/min的速率向侧脑室注射OA(200 ng/μL),总注射体积1 μL。注射完毕留针10 min,随后以阶梯式速度缓慢退针。术后处理:缝合切口并消毒。将小鼠置于37 ℃保温垫上复苏,并连续3 d给予青霉素(2.5 U/只/d)肌注抗感染,局部涂抹莫匹罗星软膏。
实验药物剂量60 mg/kg参照WANG等[21-22];使用分层随机方法将小鼠分为8组(n=6):野生对照(wild type,WT)组:小鼠60 mg/kg生理盐水灌胃;野生模型(WT-AD)组:WT小鼠+左侧脑室注射1 μL OA;野生加药(WT+ICA)组:小鼠每日60 mg/kg ICA;野生模型加药(WT-AD+ICA)组:WT-AD小鼠+每日60 mg/kg ICA;敲除对照(OCN-/-)组:OCN-/-小鼠60 mg/kg生理盐水灌胃;敲除模型(OCN-/--AD)组:OCN-/-小鼠+左侧脑室注射1 μL OA;敲除加药(OCN-/-+ICA)组:OCN-/-小鼠+每日60 mg/kg ICA;敲除模型加药(OCN-/--AD+ICA)组:OCN-/--AD小鼠+每日60 mg/kg ICA。手术后第3天开始,每天在相同时间对小鼠进行灌胃操作,持续30 d。每天观察并记录小鼠的相关情况。
Morris水迷宫评估小鼠空间学习记忆能力:水池恒温(25±1)℃,第Ⅳ象限设隐蔽平台。经过1 d的适应性训练后,进行连续5 d的导航测试(记录逃避潜伏期),在第6天进行空间探索测试(记录原平台穿越次数、目标象限停留时间)。
旷场实验评估自发活动与焦虑状态:于暗光环境下将小鼠置于120 cm×120 cm×60 cm箱体中央,在测试者未知晓分组的情况下记录小鼠5 min内的自由探索行为与运动轨迹。
采用异氟烷吸入麻醉法对小鼠进行深度麻醉。通过麻醉箱持续通入异氟烷(氧气流速2~3 L/min,异氟烷浓度3%~5%,进行眼球采血0.3~0.6 mL,采血完成后实验动物安乐死,在冰盒内快速剪开小鼠颅骨,取出完整脑组织。在冰盒内保持低温环境,参照小鼠脑图谱,使用无菌解剖工具精准分离右半脑组织的前额叶皮层与海马体,剔除周围无关脑组织(如小脑、脑干等)。
取小鼠海马组织,固定后,常规石蜡包埋,脑组织石蜡块沿冠状面进行6 μm切片,切片放入二甲苯中脱蜡,系列乙醇复水,蒸馏水浸泡。苏木素染液染色10 min。分化液分化后用超纯水浸洗,滴加伊红染液后倾去多余染色液后快速脱水、二甲苯透明、中性树胶封固。镜下观察。
取小鼠海马组织,固定于4%多聚甲醛固定液中,常规脱水包埋,切片厚度6 μm,石蜡切片常规脱蜡至水,将切片置于尼氏染色液(甲苯胺蓝法)中,于50 ℃温箱浸染30 min,蒸馏水微微冲洗,95%乙醇迅速分化,无水乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封固。封片后使用显微镜拍摄图像。
取小鼠海马组织,用4%多聚甲醛固定后,常规石蜡包埋,切成10 μm石蜡切片,将切片转移至预热的甘氨酸银染液B(37 ℃)中,浸染3~5 min。迅速甩去B液,立即将切片置入预热的甘氨酸银染液A(45 ℃)中。密切观察至组织呈棕黄色时,迅速取出。甩去残液,立即转入新鲜的甘氨酸银染液A(45 ℃)中,再次还原数秒。迅速取出切片,用蒸馏水充分洗涤以终止反应。切片依次经无水乙醇脱水(3次,每次5 min)、二甲苯透明(2次,每次5 min)。用中性树胶封固,显微镜下观察。
取小鼠海马组织,以4 %多聚甲醛溶液于4 ℃下固定过夜。随后按说明书依次进行脱水、透明、石蜡包埋及切片。切片经脱蜡至水进行封闭后,分别滴加特异性一抗(Aβ、OCN)于切片上,于湿盒内4 ℃孵育过夜。PBS充分漂洗后,滴加相应荧光二抗,室温避光孵育。再次漂洗后,使用含DAPI的封片剂进行封片,并于荧光显微镜下观察、采集图像。
取小鼠海马组织,使用含蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液提取蛋白,BCA法测定蛋白浓度。制备SDS-PAGE凝胶(分离胶与5%浓缩胶),150 V电泳30 min。转膜采用400 mA恒流22 min将蛋白转移至PVDF膜。快速封闭液封闭后,分别与一抗(4 ℃过夜)及标记二抗(室温摇床2 h)孵育。ECL显色后,Image J软件分析条带灰度值,以GAPDH为内参计算目的蛋白相对表达量。
取小鼠外周血的血清按ELISA试剂盒说明书进行实验操作,检测各组小鼠促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(corticotropin releasing hormone,CRH)、葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)、糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid,GC)、皮质醇(cortisol,COR)表达水平。
数据经由GraphPad prism 9.5.0版进行处理,结果以x¯±s的形式呈现。对于组间差异的比较,采用单因素方差分析。当P<0.05时,差异具有统计学意义。
Morris水迷宫实验和空间探索结果显示,随着训练时间增加,各组的逃避潜伏期均逐渐缩短。与WT组相比,WT-AD组和OCN-/-组的小鼠逃避潜伏期延长、穿越平台次数显著减少( P<0.05), WT+ICA 组的小鼠逃避潜伏期显著缩短,穿越平台次数显著增加(P<0.05)。与OCN-/-组相比,OCN-/--AD组的小鼠逃避潜伏期延长、穿越平台次数显著减少(P<0.05),OCN-/-+ICA组的小鼠逃避潜伏期缩短、穿越平台次数显著增加(P<0.05)。见表1、图1。
旷场实验结果显示,与WT组相比,WT-AD组和OCN-/-组小鼠的运动总距离、中央区运动距离及停留时间显著缩短,周边区域停留时间和运动距离则显著增加(P<0.05),WT+ICA组小鼠的运动总距离、中央区运动距离及停留时间显著增加,周边区域停留时间和运动距离显著降低(P<0.05)。与OCN-/-组相比,OCN-/--AD组小鼠的运动总距离、中央区运动距离及停留时间进一步缩短,周边区域停留时间和运动距离显著增加(P<0.05),OCN-/-+ICA组小鼠的运动总距离、中央区运动距离及停留时间显著增加,周边区域停留时间和运动距离显著降低显著降低(P<0.05)。与OCN-/--AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组小鼠的运动总距离、中央区运动距离及停留时间显著增加,周边区域停留时间和运动距离显著降低(P<0.05)。见表2。
HE染色结果显示,WT组小鼠海马CA1与CA3区结构完整,细胞层次清晰、排列紧密,胞核形态正常。与WT组相比,WT-AD组和OCN-/-组海马组织呈现典型病理改变,包括海马体积缩小、CA1与CA3区厚度变薄、结构排列紊乱,并伴有显著神经元丢失现象。OCN-/--AD组较OCN-/-组亦呈现相似病理加重趋势,表明AD造模成功诱导了海马结构损伤。WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比、OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,海马病理表现均显著改善,具体表现为正常的神经细胞排列有所恢复,细胞存活率提高。见图2。
镀银染色结果显示,WT组小鼠CA1、CA3区及齿状回结构完整,神经元排列紧密、整齐、形态正常。与WT组相比,WT-AD组神经元排列散乱,可见大量神经纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles,NFTs)。OCN-/-组本身即存在结构异常,表现为神经元内NFTs异常。OCN-/--AD组小鼠的上述病理改变进一步加剧,NFTs数量增加,提示OCN缺少可加重AD相关神经纤维缠结。WT-AD+ICA组中表现出显著修复作用,海马内小鼠NFTs数量减少、神经纤维趋于排列整齐,但在OCN-/--AD+ICA组中,NFTs的数量仍高于WT-AD+ICA组。见图3、表3。
尼氏染色结果显示,WT组小鼠海马神经元结构正常,尼氏小体丰富、分布均匀。WT-AD组与WT组相比,出现神经元损伤,尼氏小体减少,伴溶解、排列紊乱及细胞核明显固缩。OCN-/-组神经元出现尼氏小体分布紊乱与轻微结构异常。OCN-/--AD组损伤最为严重,呈现广泛尼氏小体缺失、神经元严重破坏。WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比,尼式小体数量、结构均有所恢复。OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,损伤减轻,表现为神经元排列缓解、尼氏小体数量部分恢复。OCN-/--AD组较OCN-/-组虽有所改善,仍未能恢复至正常水平。见图4、表3。
免疫组化结果显示,WT组海马各区可见清晰的OCN蛋白阳性。与WT组相比,WT-AD组OCN蛋白表达显著降低。OCN-/-组OCN蛋白表达极低,仅见零星背景染色,符合基因敲除表型。WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比,OCN蛋白表达较明显回升。OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,OCN蛋白表达亦有所恢复,说明ICA对 OCN基因敲除小鼠的 OCN蛋白表达有一定的提升作用,但效果有限,提示ICA可上调OCN表达并部分逆转AD模型中OCN的表达下降。见图5、表3。
免疫组化结果显示,WT组海马各区仅见微弱背景染色,几乎无Aβ阳性信号。与WT组相比,WT-AD组和OCN-/-组Aβ蛋白阳性细胞明显增多,染色增强(P<0.05)。与OCN-/-组相比,OCN-/--AD组进一步恶化,Aβ蛋白阳性细胞明显增多,染色增强(P<0.05)。WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,Aβ蛋白阳性细胞数量均降低,染色均减弱(P<0.05)。见图6,表3。
Western blot结果显示,与WT组相比,WT-AD组和OCN-/-组的Aβ蛋白上升,OCN蛋白下降(P<0.05)。WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD相比,OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD相比,Aβ蛋白水平均下降,OCN蛋白水平均上升(P<0.05)。见图7。
ELISA结果显示,WT-AD组与WT组相比, OCN-/--AD组与OCN-/-组相比,CRH、GLU、GC、COR表达水平均显著上升(P<0.05)。WT-AD+ICA组与WT-AD组相比, OCN-/--AD+ICA组与OCN-/--AD组相比,CRH、GLU、GC、COR表达水平均显著下降(P<0.05),提示ICA可调节神经内分泌激素从而达到影响AD 进程的效果,但OCN-/--AD+ICA组的激素水平仍高于WT-AD+ICA组,无法降低至正常水平。见图8。
AD给患者家庭与社会带来了沉重负担,尽管研究已揭示Aβ积累等关键机制,但现有治疗手段在延缓疾病进程方面效果有限。越来越多的证据支持OCN不仅参与骨代谢,还可能通过调控神经元功能和认知能力,在AD的发病与进展中发挥重要作用。已有研究揭示OCN可穿越血脑屏障,调控脑内多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素及5-羟色胺等神经递质的合成,从而影响认知与情绪行为,同时OCN与其受体GPR37、GPR158在大脑多个核心区高度表达,通过调节该区的神经网络活动,参与情绪和认知调控[23]。
本实验发现OCN-/-小鼠表现出海马神经元丢失与NFTs加重,提示OCN缺失会直接影响神经元存活;同时OCN-/-小鼠中Aβ水平显著升高,这一现象与前人关于OCN调控AD核心病理的发现形成呼应。OCN不仅参与神经元保护,还可能通过多条信号通路抑制Aβ生成[23],通过PI3K/Akt及MAPK等信号传导,能维持神经元内环境稳定,防范凋亡和异常蛋白聚集[24]。
本实验中发现ICA可通过调控OCN改善AD小鼠病理状况,由此推测OCN通过多靶点、多通路综合调控神经元稳态,缺失时则导致AD病理表型显著恶化,而ICA可以修复小鼠海马神经结构并维持神经元稳态,但此效应在一定程度上受限于OCN的表达水平。
有文献报道ICA可促进成骨细胞修复与重建[25],通过调节PI3K/Akt、MAPK和mTOR等信号通路,抑制神经元凋亡、缓解神经炎症并促进自噬清除异常蛋白,上调血清OCN含量[26],与课题组前期研究结论一致[19],此次体内实验再次得到验证,提示其神经保护作用可能部分依赖于骨源性因子的上调。在OCN缺失背景下其疗效受限,提示OCN功能完整性对药物干预效果具有决定性作用,这与ICA药理效应需依赖内源性信号整合的观点相符[27]。此外,ICA与其他中药活性成分如黄酮类、皂苷类在防治AD中的药理作用有所交叉,但ICA特有的促进骨-脑轴信号互作的能力为其神经保护机制提供了独特性,其通过促进OCN分泌,进而下调Aβ表达,抑制NFTs形成,呈现出与骨-脑互作机制密切相关的神经保护效应。
关于内分泌及免疫调控机制,AD模型及OCN-/-小鼠表现出HPA轴相关激素(如ACTH、CRH、GC、COR)水平升高,提示神经-内分泌网络的过度激活。研究发现,AD的HPA轴功能障碍反映在患者的COR基础水平升高和小鼠模型的COR水平升高[28],GC通过海马中糖皮质激素受体(glucocorticoid receptor,GR)、下丘脑和垂体前叶负反馈的异常调节HPA轴,并在AD患者和小鼠模型中观察到GC负反馈的异常调节以及皮质激素水平升高,CRH系统失调与压力相关疾病如抑郁、焦虑和成瘾等和神经内分泌学改变密切相关,并影响神经退行性过程的发生发展[29]。OCN不仅调节能量代谢,还影响应激反应及糖皮质激素释放,对抗慢性应激导致的神经损伤。骨源激素调控HPA轴可能是骨-脑轴调节应激反应与认知功能的关键环节,OCN缺失时HPA轴过度活跃会加重神经元损伤和AD病理进展[30]。OCN对应激反应的调节能力能够影响糖皮质激素轴活性,过度应激易诱发认知功能障碍与AD相关病理变化,而OCN缺失可能放大这一风险。
本实验结果显示,ICA干预可有效抑制WT-AD模型小鼠的内分泌激素亢进,证实其具备缓解AD相关神经内分泌与代谢应激的药理作用,这与已知的抗炎、抗氧化及调节神经-内分泌-免疫网络的作用机制存在一致性[31]。但ICA对OCN-/-基因敲除后的小鼠的治疗效果具有选择性,虽能降低OCN-/-基因敲除状态下的CRH、GLU、GC及COR水平,但无法恢复到WT组小鼠正常水平,由此可见,ICA虽可有效改善HPA轴激活与代谢失调,但其部分治疗效应依赖OCN的存在,提示ICA可能通过调控OCN分泌来维持HPA轴功能与代谢稳态从而影响AD的进程。
本研究尚存在一定的局限性:①ICA调控OCN在中枢神经系统中的机制尚不明确;②仅观察了30 d干预后的效果,未评估长期效应或剂量依赖性;③将动物实验结果转化为有效的人体疗法需大量临床研究。靶向OCN通路无疑已成为对抗AD的一个新的探索领域,同时OCN是ICA调控骨-脑轴的核心因子,不排除其他骨源性因子的协同作用,未来需深入研究ICA调节OCN对AD作用的上下游通路,进一步阐明ICA的神经保护作用机制。
综上,本研究揭示了ICA通过骨-脑轴调控OCN对AD的保护作用机制,发现ICA通过调控OCN,改善对AD模型小鼠认知损害及影响神经内分泌激素变化。在本实验中,ICA不仅能够显著改善AD模型动物的认知功能障碍,还能有效减轻海马区神经元损伤,同时进一步阐述了OCN作为一种骨源性激素,能够穿过血脑屏障并负反馈调控HPA轴活性,抑制CRH神经元过度兴奋,减少GC的神经毒性作用,进而维持神经元稳态;ICA则通过促进OCN的表达与分泌来进一步强化这一保护性机制,而在OCN缺失模型中,ICA的调控作用部分受限,提示OCN是ICA发挥神经保护效应的核心介质之一,为靶向神经内分泌应激系统的AD干预策略提供了科学依据。

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2026年第48卷第5期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512065
  • 接收时间:2025-12-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-12
  • 修回日期:2026-01-09
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    1广西中医药大学研究生院,广西 南宁
    2广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院神经内科,广西 南宁
    3合江县中医医院心脑病科,四川 泸州
    4平南县中医院脑病科,广西 贵港
    5广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院空港院区神经内科,广西 崇左

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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