Article(id=1320436298461065692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320436284418544199, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511032, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762358400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-06, revisedDate=1768060800000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792746146072, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1772208000000, pubDateStr=2026-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746146072, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746146072, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746146072, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320436284418544199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='4', pageStart='387', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772208000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746142725, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792750115637, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320452948077953743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320436284418544199, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320452948077953744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320436284418544199, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=394, endPage=406, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320436298708529629, articleId=1320436298461065692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Selective overexpression of hippocampal CB1R alleviates chronic stress-induced neurogenesis impairment and behavior disorder in rats, columnId=1320435149808980440, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Neuroscience, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effects of selective overexpression of hippocampal cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) on newly generated cells and newly matured neurons in the hippocampus of stress-induced rats.

Methods

Thirty-two 6-8 week-old male SD rats (body weight 180 to 220 g) were randomly assigned to a Control group (n=10) and a Stress group (n=22). After the Stress group underwent 3 weeks of chronic restraint stress (CRS), 11 rats were randomly selected to form the Stress+CB1R-OE group, receiving hippocampal injections of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) for CB1R overexpression via stereotaxic surgery. The Control group and the remaining Stress group received a null AAV, designated as Control+AAV-NC and Stress+AAV-NC groups, respectively; viral transfection lasted 3 weeks. Body weight was measured every Sunday morning for weeks 1 to 7. Behavioral levels were assessed using the novel environment feeding suppression test. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN), and CB1R in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) (n=5 per group, 3 slices per rat). A NOVEL confocal microscope was used for scanning. Imaris software calculated the density of BrdU⁺ and BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells per unit volume in the DG, while Image J software measured the mean fluorescence intensity of CB1R and NeuN in the DG. Western blot assay was used to detect hippocampal CB1R protein expression levels.

Results

After 3 weeks of CRS, the body weight of the Stress+AAV-NC group was significantly lower than that of the Control+AAV-NC group (P=0.001). Selective hippocampal CB1R overexpression for 3 weeks partially ameliorated body weight gain in the Stress+CB1R-OE group, but their weight remained significantly lower than the Control+AAV-NC group (P=0.004). The novel environment feeding suppression test showed that compared to the Control+AAV-NC group, the Stress+AAV-NC group had a significantly prolonged feeding latency (P<0.001), with no significant difference in feeding amount within 5 min. After selective CB1R overexpression, the Stress+CB1R-OE group showed a significantly shortened feeding latency (P=0.039), with no significant differences in feeding amount among the three groups. Immunofluorescence results indicated that compared to the Control+AAV-NC group, the Stress+AAV-NC group had a significantly reduced mean fluorescence intensity of CB1R⁺ cells in the DG (P=0.008). After selective CB1R overexpression, the Stress+CB1R-OE group showed a significantly increased mean CB1R fluorescence intensity in the DG compared to the Stress+AAV-NC group (P<0.001). Western blotting results showed that hippocampal CB1R protein expression was significantly lower in the Stress+AAV-NC group than in the Control+AAV-NC group (P=0.001). Compared to the Stress+AAV-NC group, the Stress+CB1R-OE group had a significantly increased hippocampal CB1R expression level (P<0.001). Compared to the Control+AAV-NC group, the Stress+AAV-NC group had reduced densities of BrdU⁺ newborn cells (P=0.003) and BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ newly matured neurons (P=0.001) in the DG. After selective CB1R overexpression, the Stress+CB1R-OE group showed significantly increased densities of BrdU⁺ cells (P=0.035) and BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ neurons (P=0.028) in the DG. No significant difference was observed in the mean NeuN fluorescence intensity in the DG among the three groups.

Conclusion

Selective overexpression of hippocampal CB1R can alleviate stress-mediated reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis and subsequently improve behavioral deficits in stress-induced rats.

, authors=Yajun YOU1, Yan CHEN1, Dujuan HUANG2, Lin JIANG3, Yuhui DENG2, Yuning ZHOU2, Yong TANG2, Qian XIAO1, authorsList=Yajun YOU, Yan CHEN, Dujuan HUANG, Lin JIANG, Yuhui DENG, Yuning ZHOU, Yong TANG, Qian XIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qian XIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2026 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320436300453360110, articleId=1320436298461065692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=选择性过表达海马CB1R缓解慢性应激诱导的神经发生减弱及行为学损伤, columnId=1320435149964169690, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·神经科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究选择性过表达海马大麻素受体1(cannabinoid receptor 1,CB1R)对应激大鼠海马齿状回内新生细胞、新生成熟神经元的影响。

方法

将32只6~8周龄雄性SD大鼠(体质量180~220 g),按照随机抽样法分为对照(Control)组(n=10)和应激(Stress)组(n=22)。其中Stress组接受慢性束缚应激(chronic restraint stress,CRS)干预3周后,按随机抽样法抽取11只大鼠作为选择性过表达海马大麻素受体1(Stress+CB1R-OE)组,利用脑立体定位注射技术对Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马体内注射CB1R过表达腺相关病毒,Control组和Stress组注射空载腺相关病毒,分别命名为Control+AAV-NC、Stress+AAV-NC组,病毒转染持续3周。实验进行的第1~7周的每周日上午检测各组大鼠体质量。采用新环境进食抑制实验评估各组大鼠的行为学水平。采用免疫荧光染色法检测各组大鼠海马齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)内5-溴-2’-脱氧尿苷(5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine,BrdU)、神经元核抗原(neuronal nuclei,NeuN)、CB1R的表达(n=5,每只取3片切片),采用激光共聚焦显微镜扫描,Imaris软件计算海马齿状回单位体积内BrdU+、BrdU+/NeuN+细胞密度,Image J软件测定海马齿状回CB1R及NeuN平均荧光强度。采用Western blot检测各组大鼠海马体内CB1R的蛋白表达水平。

结果

连续3周CRS干预后,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠体质量显著低于Control+AAV-NC组(P=0.001),3周的选择性过表达海马CB1R对Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠体质量增长具有一定作用,但Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠体质量仍显著低于Control+AAV-NC组大鼠(P=0.004)。新环境进食抑制测试结果显示,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠的进食潜伏期显著延长(P<0.001),2组大鼠在5 min内的进食能力无显著差异。在选择性过表达海马CB1R后,Stress+CB1R-OE组进食潜伏期显著缩短(P=0.039),3组大鼠进食能力无显著差异。免疫荧光结果显示,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R+细胞荧光光度值显著减弱(P=0.008)。选择性过表达海马CB1R后,与Stress+AAV-NC组比较,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R+平均荧光强度显著增强(P<0.001)。Western blot结果显示,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马内CB1R蛋白表达水平显著降低(P=0.001)。与Stress+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马CB1R表达水平显著增加(P<0.001)。与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回中BrdU+新生细胞密度减少(P=0.003)、BrdU+/NeuN+的新生成熟神经元密度减少(P=0.001)。选择性过表达海马CB1R后,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+密度显著增加(P=0.035)、BrdU+/NeuN+的密度显著增多(P=0.028),3组大鼠海马齿状回内NeuN+的平均荧光强度无显著差异。

结论

选择性过表达海马CB1R能够缓解应激介导的大鼠海马神经发生减弱,进而改善应激大鼠的行为学损伤。

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肖倩, E-mail:
XIAO Qian ,E-mail:
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A: Transfection efficiency of CB1R adenovirus in the hippocampus (transfection efficiency>50%); B: Immunofluorescence staining of CB1R in the DG of each group of hippocampus;C: Mean fluorescence intensity of CB1R in dentate gyrus across all groups;D: Western blotting results of CB1R protein in the hippocampus among different groups;E: CB1R protein expression levels in the hippocampus among different groups

, figureFileSmall=BG82OghCquk6gk46XMI+Wg==, figureFileBig=WhpCJ0JQKeVdcfMLDupmrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320436307294269997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320436298461065692, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Changes in body weight of rats in different groups at different time points (n=10, x¯±s), figureFileSmall=C1a7qsoErypK0qp3gcxscg==, figureFileBig=g2kAeP8NxFgvcKn6GSUR+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320436307348795950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320436298461065692, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组大鼠不同时期的体质量的变化 (n=10, x¯±s), figureFileSmall=C1a7qsoErypK0qp3gcxscg==, figureFileBig=g2kAeP8NxFgvcKn6GSUR+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320436307420099119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320436298461065692, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Results of the novelty-suppressed feeding test in rats of different groups (n=10, x¯±s), figureFileSmall=CatqZtSHNgtdvhhsFrmjRw==, figureFileBig=zlKtL6ecYrEGwVtvk1MAtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320436307483013680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320436298461065692, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组大鼠新环境进食测试的结果 (n=10, x¯±s)

A: Group-specific comparison of feeding latency in rat novelty-suppressed feeding test; B: Group-specific comparison of food intake in the last 5 min of rat novelty-suppressed feeding test

, figureFileSmall=CatqZtSHNgtdvhhsFrmjRw==, figureFileBig=zlKtL6ecYrEGwVtvk1MAtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320436307571094065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320436298461065692, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Immunofluorescence staining of BrdU+/CB1R+ in dentate gyrus of rats, figureFileSmall=u7B89Gm0HdNB6t0XjWWc0g==, figureFileBig=vsGsYbWrpCUzZlvDlUOSVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320436307646591538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320436298461065692, language=CN, label=图5, caption=大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+/CB1R+免疫荧光染色

Yellow arrows indcate the double-positive cells co-labeled with BrdU and CB1R (merged image)

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A: BrdU immunofluorescence staining in the dentate gyrus of rats among different groups; B: Group-specific density of BrdU+ newborn cells in rat dentate gyrus

, figureFileSmall=M2vthlegIl6sykCRQ7XoNA==, figureFileBig=+GMjdYJmD2ZoTJE6kaNbhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320436307889861173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320436298461065692, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Immunofluorescence staining of CB1R+/BrdU+/NeuN+ in the dentate gyrus DG of different groups of rats, figureFileSmall=Ye0YWtvjf7cWQmrQzQNxpw==, figureFileBig=6TEN5SUm32lIgu2i71Hlww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320436307956970038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320436298461065692, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R+/BrdU+/NeuN+免疫荧光染色

Yellow arrows indicate the triple-positive cells co-labeled with BrdU, NeuN and CB1R

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A: Group-specific BrdU+/NeuN+ double-positive immunofluorescence staining in rat dentate gyrus, yellow arrows in merged images indicating BrdU+/NeuN+ co-labeled newborn mature neurons;B: Group-specific density of BrdU+/NeuN+ double-positive cells in rat dentate gyrus; C: Group-specific NeuN immunofluorescence staining in rat dentate gyrus; D: Results of mean NeuN fluorescence intensity in the dentate gyrus of rats among different groups; E: Linear correlation analysis of BrdU+ cell density versus BrdU+/NeuN+ cell density

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选择性过表达海马CB1R缓解慢性应激诱导的神经发生减弱及行为学损伤
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游娅君 1 , 陈艳 1 , 黄杜娟 2 , 蒋林 3 , 邓宇辉 2 , 周宇宁 2 , 唐勇 2 , 肖倩 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·神经科学 2026,48(4): 394-406
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·神经科学 2026 , 48 (4) : 394 -406
选择性过表达海马CB1R缓解慢性应激诱导的神经发生减弱及行为学损伤
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游娅君1, 陈艳1, 黄杜娟2, 蒋林3, 邓宇辉2, 周宇宁2, 唐勇2, 肖倩1
作者信息
  • 1重庆医科大学,基础医学院放射医学教研室,重庆
  • 2重庆医科大学,基础医学院组织与胚胎学教研室,重庆
  • 3重庆医科大学,实验教学管理中心,重庆
通讯作者:
肖倩, E-mail:
XIAO Qian ,E-mail:
Selective overexpression of hippocampal CB1R alleviates chronic stress-induced neurogenesis impairment and behavior disorder in rats
Yajun YOU1, Yan CHEN1, Dujuan HUANG2, Lin JIANG3, Yuhui DENG2, Yuning ZHOU2, Yong TANG2, Qian XIAO1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Radiation Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
  • 2Department of Tissue and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
  • 3Management Center for Experimental Teaching, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
出版时间: 2026-02-28 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511032
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目的

探究选择性过表达海马大麻素受体1(cannabinoid receptor 1,CB1R)对应激大鼠海马齿状回内新生细胞、新生成熟神经元的影响。

方法

将32只6~8周龄雄性SD大鼠(体质量180~220 g),按照随机抽样法分为对照(Control)组(n=10)和应激(Stress)组(n=22)。其中Stress组接受慢性束缚应激(chronic restraint stress,CRS)干预3周后,按随机抽样法抽取11只大鼠作为选择性过表达海马大麻素受体1(Stress+CB1R-OE)组,利用脑立体定位注射技术对Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马体内注射CB1R过表达腺相关病毒,Control组和Stress组注射空载腺相关病毒,分别命名为Control+AAV-NC、Stress+AAV-NC组,病毒转染持续3周。实验进行的第1~7周的每周日上午检测各组大鼠体质量。采用新环境进食抑制实验评估各组大鼠的行为学水平。采用免疫荧光染色法检测各组大鼠海马齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)内5-溴-2’-脱氧尿苷(5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine,BrdU)、神经元核抗原(neuronal nuclei,NeuN)、CB1R的表达(n=5,每只取3片切片),采用激光共聚焦显微镜扫描,Imaris软件计算海马齿状回单位体积内BrdU+、BrdU+/NeuN+细胞密度,Image J软件测定海马齿状回CB1R及NeuN平均荧光强度。采用Western blot检测各组大鼠海马体内CB1R的蛋白表达水平。

结果

连续3周CRS干预后,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠体质量显著低于Control+AAV-NC组(P=0.001),3周的选择性过表达海马CB1R对Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠体质量增长具有一定作用,但Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠体质量仍显著低于Control+AAV-NC组大鼠(P=0.004)。新环境进食抑制测试结果显示,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠的进食潜伏期显著延长(P<0.001),2组大鼠在5 min内的进食能力无显著差异。在选择性过表达海马CB1R后,Stress+CB1R-OE组进食潜伏期显著缩短(P=0.039),3组大鼠进食能力无显著差异。免疫荧光结果显示,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R+细胞荧光光度值显著减弱(P=0.008)。选择性过表达海马CB1R后,与Stress+AAV-NC组比较,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R+平均荧光强度显著增强(P<0.001)。Western blot结果显示,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马内CB1R蛋白表达水平显著降低(P=0.001)。与Stress+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马CB1R表达水平显著增加(P<0.001)。与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回中BrdU+新生细胞密度减少(P=0.003)、BrdU+/NeuN+的新生成熟神经元密度减少(P=0.001)。选择性过表达海马CB1R后,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+密度显著增加(P=0.035)、BrdU+/NeuN+的密度显著增多(P=0.028),3组大鼠海马齿状回内NeuN+的平均荧光强度无显著差异。

结论

选择性过表达海马CB1R能够缓解应激介导的大鼠海马神经发生减弱,进而改善应激大鼠的行为学损伤。

应激  /  海马体  /  成体海马神经发生  /  大麻素受体1
Objective

To investigate the effects of selective overexpression of hippocampal cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) on newly generated cells and newly matured neurons in the hippocampus of stress-induced rats.

Methods

Thirty-two 6-8 week-old male SD rats (body weight 180 to 220 g) were randomly assigned to a Control group (n=10) and a Stress group (n=22). After the Stress group underwent 3 weeks of chronic restraint stress (CRS), 11 rats were randomly selected to form the Stress+CB1R-OE group, receiving hippocampal injections of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) for CB1R overexpression via stereotaxic surgery. The Control group and the remaining Stress group received a null AAV, designated as Control+AAV-NC and Stress+AAV-NC groups, respectively; viral transfection lasted 3 weeks. Body weight was measured every Sunday morning for weeks 1 to 7. Behavioral levels were assessed using the novel environment feeding suppression test. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN), and CB1R in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) (n=5 per group, 3 slices per rat). A NOVEL confocal microscope was used for scanning. Imaris software calculated the density of BrdU⁺ and BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells per unit volume in the DG, while Image J software measured the mean fluorescence intensity of CB1R and NeuN in the DG. Western blot assay was used to detect hippocampal CB1R protein expression levels.

Results

After 3 weeks of CRS, the body weight of the Stress+AAV-NC group was significantly lower than that of the Control+AAV-NC group (P=0.001). Selective hippocampal CB1R overexpression for 3 weeks partially ameliorated body weight gain in the Stress+CB1R-OE group, but their weight remained significantly lower than the Control+AAV-NC group (P=0.004). The novel environment feeding suppression test showed that compared to the Control+AAV-NC group, the Stress+AAV-NC group had a significantly prolonged feeding latency (P<0.001), with no significant difference in feeding amount within 5 min. After selective CB1R overexpression, the Stress+CB1R-OE group showed a significantly shortened feeding latency (P=0.039), with no significant differences in feeding amount among the three groups. Immunofluorescence results indicated that compared to the Control+AAV-NC group, the Stress+AAV-NC group had a significantly reduced mean fluorescence intensity of CB1R⁺ cells in the DG (P=0.008). After selective CB1R overexpression, the Stress+CB1R-OE group showed a significantly increased mean CB1R fluorescence intensity in the DG compared to the Stress+AAV-NC group (P<0.001). Western blotting results showed that hippocampal CB1R protein expression was significantly lower in the Stress+AAV-NC group than in the Control+AAV-NC group (P=0.001). Compared to the Stress+AAV-NC group, the Stress+CB1R-OE group had a significantly increased hippocampal CB1R expression level (P<0.001). Compared to the Control+AAV-NC group, the Stress+AAV-NC group had reduced densities of BrdU⁺ newborn cells (P=0.003) and BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ newly matured neurons (P=0.001) in the DG. After selective CB1R overexpression, the Stress+CB1R-OE group showed significantly increased densities of BrdU⁺ cells (P=0.035) and BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ neurons (P=0.028) in the DG. No significant difference was observed in the mean NeuN fluorescence intensity in the DG among the three groups.

Conclusion

Selective overexpression of hippocampal CB1R can alleviate stress-mediated reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis and subsequently improve behavioral deficits in stress-induced rats.

stress  /  hippocampus  /  adult hippocampal neurogenesis  /  cannabinoid receptor 1
游娅君, 陈艳, 黄杜娟, 蒋林, 邓宇辉, 周宇宁, 唐勇, 肖倩. 选择性过表达海马CB1R缓解慢性应激诱导的神经发生减弱及行为学损伤. 陆军军医大学学报, 2026 , 48 (4) : 394 -406 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511032
Yajun YOU, Yan CHEN, Dujuan HUANG, Lin JIANG, Yuhui DENG, Yuning ZHOU, Yong TANG, Qian XIAO. Selective overexpression of hippocampal CB1R alleviates chronic stress-induced neurogenesis impairment and behavior disorder in rats[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2026 , 48 (4) : 394 -406 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511032
抑郁症是一种以持续情绪低落、兴趣减退和快感缺失为核心症状,具有临床异质性的慢性精神障碍[1],困扰全球约20%的人口,并且是全球导致残疾的主要原因之一[2]。研究证实,抑郁症的发生与个体应激应对能力密切相关,应激性生活事件是抑郁症发病的重要危险因素[3]。因此,阐明应激致抑郁样行为的神经机制,探索提升个体应激应对能力的干预策略,有望为抗抑郁治疗提供新的靶点与理论支撑。
海马体是大脑情绪调节与认知功能的关键脑区,同时也是中枢神经系统中最易受应激损伤的区域之一[4-6]。海马神经发生是指哺乳动物海马齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)在整个生命周期中持续产生新生神经元的过程[7-8],该过程在维持海马体正常生理功能、调控情绪与应激反应中发挥关键作用。已有研究证实,慢性束缚应激可降低大鼠海马新生细胞及神经元数量[9]。慢性社交挫败应激能导致小鼠海马体内5-溴-2’-脱氧尿苷(5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine,BrdU)和神经元核抗原(neuronal nuclei,NeuN)双阳性新生成熟神经元数量显著减少[10]。本课题组前期研究亦发现,慢性不可预知应激模型小鼠的海马齿状回新生神经元数量明显降低[11]。海马神经发生的抑制是应激诱导抑郁样行为的重要细胞学基础,而改善应激介导的海马神经发生损伤,是缓解抑郁样行为的潜在有效策略。
大麻素受体1(cannabinoid receptor 1,CB1R)是广泛表达于中枢神经系统的G蛋白耦联受体,在海马体等情绪调节相关脑区呈高表达模式,参与情绪状态维持、应激反应调控等多种生理过程[12]。与野生型小鼠相比,全身性 CB1R 基因敲除小鼠对奖励刺激的敏感性显著降低,且对应激损伤的易感性明显增加[13]。全身给予CB1R激动剂可显著改善急性强迫游泳应激诱导的大鼠绝望样行为,而这一效应可被CB1R抑制剂完全阻断[14]。但 CB1R 全身性干预的效应存在明显争议:全身给予 Δ⁹- 四氢大麻酚(Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol,THC)在人体中可诱发焦虑情绪,并增加精神病发病风险[15-16],在动物实验中,全身性给予THC或其他 CB1R 激动剂同样可诱导焦虑样行为[17],并使动物出现持续性的感觉运动抑制、物体识别与社交能力下降,以及自我梳理行为异常等表现[18-19]。在人类和动物中,全身性使用THC及CB1R激动剂还可能引发镇痛、低体温甚至惊厥等非特异性反应[20]。因此,靶向特定脑区(如海马)的CB1R调控,是规避CB1R副作用、发挥其治疗潜能的更优策略。有研究发现,21 d慢性束缚应激可导致SD雄性大鼠海马体内CB1R蛋白表达水平显著降低,且海马齿状回CB1R结合位点密度明显下降[21]。重复经颅磁刺激在缓解应激诱导的大鼠快感缺失及绝望样行为的同时,可有效恢复海马组织中降低的CB1R荧光强度与蛋白表达水平[22]。上述结果提示,海马体局部的CB1R表达水平与应激反应密切相关,但目前尚缺乏靶向海马体CB1R的特异性调控对动物应激反应影响的相关研究报道。既往研究显示,CB1R可参与调控海马神经发生:CB1R激动剂显著增加缺血性脑损伤后大鼠海马体内BrdU⁺阳性细胞数量,而该效应可被CB1R拮抗剂阻断[23]。全身给予大麻二酚对慢性应激小鼠的抗焦虑效应依赖于海马神经发生的维持,且该过程需内源性大麻素系统介导,其中CB1R的激活是关键环节[24]。但选择性过表达海马CB1R是否能够逆转应激诱导的海马神经发生抑制,目前仍缺乏直接的实验证据。
因此,本研究通过选择性过表达应激大鼠海马体内CB1R,评估各组大鼠的行为学表现,探讨各组大鼠海马神经发生的改变,为海马齿回状CB1R改善动物应激反应提供理论依据。
本实验选用32只6~8周龄雄性SD大鼠(体质量180~220 g),由重庆医科大学实验动物中心提供,且全部大鼠饲养在重庆医科大学动物实验中心独立通风笼具(individually ventilated cages, IVC)动物房。饲养环境条件控制为:温度(22±2)℃,相对湿度(55±5)%,昼夜节律为12 h光照/12 h黑暗循环,笼具每周更换2次以保持饲养环境清洁。为减少实验动物疼痛与不适,本研究采取以下措施:脑立体定位注射操作前,采用4%异氟醚持续麻醉,确保大鼠完全麻醉后再行手术;术后对伤口涂抹红霉素软膏,预防术后感染,并每日观察大鼠精神状态、摄食饮水及伤口愈合情况;实验过程中密切监测大鼠行为学变化,若出现体质量持续下降超过20%、明显运动障碍或伤口严重感染等状况,立即启动人道终点,对大鼠实施安乐死。实验期间无预期外不良事件发生,所有大鼠完成预设实验流程。本研究所有操作流程经重庆医科大学动物保护委员会批准(IACUC-CQMU-2021-067)。
免疫荧光染色及Western blot实验所用一抗如下:小鼠抗NeuN神经元标记物单克隆抗体(英国Abcam公司)、兔抗CB1R多克隆抗体(美国ThermoFisher公司)、大鼠BrdU单克隆抗体(英国Abcam公司)、兔抗甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)单克隆抗体(中国Boster公司)。免疫荧光拍摄采用NOVEL公司激光共聚焦显微镜。大鼠应激束缚装置为本实验室自创。
所有大鼠以4~5只/笼的密度分笼饲养,适应性喂养1周后,采用随机抽样法分为对照组(Control组,n=10)与应激组(Stress组,n=22)。对照组大鼠全程常规饲养,不施加应激处理;应激组大鼠接受慢性束缚应激造模,每日束缚6 h,每周连续束缚5 d。第4周末,对实验大鼠实施病毒干预:从应激组中随机选取11只大鼠,设为Stress+CB1R-OE 组,对其海马区行脑立体定位注射CB1R过表达腺相关病毒;应激组剩余11只大鼠设为Stress+AAV-NC组,与对照组大鼠(重新命名为 Control+AAV-NC组)同步在海马区行脑立体定位注射空载腺相关病毒。病毒转染周期为3周,转染期间 Stress+CB1R-OE组与Stress+AAV-NC组维持原束缚应激方案,Control+AAV-NC组维持常规饲养。第5周末,对各组大鼠腹腔注射BrdU,注射剂量为 10 mg/100 g(BrdU溶液浓度为10 mg/mL);第7 周末,采用新环境进食抑制测试对各组大鼠进行行为学评估。实验流程见图1。
除对照组外,其余所有实验大鼠采用单独饲养。用500 mL矿泉水瓶作为大鼠束缚装置,瓶子管长约21 cm,筒口内径约5 cm,其瓶口为通气口(距离筒口约5 cm),瓶子后端为可控制长短的2个套筒。大鼠束缚于筒内,头部面向瓶口,确保大鼠顺畅呼吸。通过调节后端塑料筒的位置来控制大鼠活动空间。塑料筒后端用胶带固定,避免损伤大鼠躯体。每日9:00-15:00进行束缚干预,持续时间为6 h。束缚过程中大鼠不予进食进水,束缚结束后将大鼠放回笼中正常饲养。
将大鼠采取俯卧位置于手术台,头部固定,使用4%异氟醚持续麻醉。沿头皮做正中切口,然后用3%过氧化氢溶液擦拭脑膜。以前囟三角中心为原点,根据大鼠海马脑立体定位坐标(x:±2.9 mm,y:-4 mm,z:-4.1 mm),指导钻孔。采用微量注射器从双侧海马钻孔部位缓慢注射剂量为5×109 vg/mL的腺相关病毒悬液。注射完成后,静置5 min后逐渐拔针,两侧注射完毕后缝合头皮,并涂抹红霉素软膏预防感染,手术结束后关闭麻醉气体阀,将大鼠转移到保温毯上。恢复意识后,再将大鼠放置笼中喂养。
实验期间,在每周周日上午对各组大鼠的体质量进行测定,并记录。
禁食24 h后,将大鼠置于灯光昏暗的盒子(100 cm×100 cm×40 cm)中,盒子底部垫1张正方形纸,纸中央放1粒食物;根据文献[25]所述方法,在8 min观测时限内,测量大鼠的进食潜伏期。测试结束后,将大鼠放回笼中记录5 min内食物的消耗量,以排除各组大鼠的食欲差异对进食潜伏期的影响。
新环境进食抑制测试结束后,每组随机选取5只大鼠进行脑标本的制备。大鼠腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠(4 mL/kg)麻醉后,经心灌注肝素化生理盐水和含4%多聚甲醛的磷酸缓冲液。然后取各组大鼠脑组织,沿矢状缝切成2个半球。脑组织在4%多聚甲醛中固定24 h,浸泡在浓度逐渐增加的蔗糖溶液中脱水。完全脱水后,随机选取右侧或左侧大脑半球,沿大脑冠状面,用恒温冰冻切片仪器切取厚度为50 μm的连续切片。根据体视学取样方法,对脑组织切片进行1/6等距取样,平均每组20个切片。最后,获得海马的连续6片等长切片,将切片用75%乙醇于-20 ℃保存。
每个实验组随机抽取5只大鼠,每只大鼠随机抽取3片脑组织切片。切片用0.01 mol/L的PBS溶液清洗3次(5 min/次),然后用含0.3%Triton X-100和0.1%Tween-20的PBS 溶液(缩写为PBS+TT溶液)洗3次,每次5 min。随后,用柠檬酸抗原修复液于99 ℃修复30 min后,用PBS+TT溶液再次洗涤3次,每次10 min。所有切片在含有10%山羊血清和1%胎牛血清的PBS+TT溶液中于37 ℃封闭3 h。封闭结束后,加入用PBS+TT溶液稀释的一抗(NeuN ,稀释比例1∶400;CB1R,稀释比例1∶400),4 ℃孵育48 h。切片用PBS+TT洗涤4次,每次15 min,然后在37 ℃的避光环境下,切片与荧光二抗孵育2 h。用PBS+TT洗涤4次,每次15 min。将切片置于2 mol/L盐酸中,37 ℃变性30 min,再放入0.01 mol/L硼砂中和20 min。用PBS+TT清洗后,加入用PBS+TT溶液稀释的BrdU一抗(稀释比例为1∶500),4 ℃孵育72 h。72 h后,切片用PBS洗涤4次,每次15 min,然后在37 ℃、避光环境下,切片与荧光二抗孵育2 h。最后,将切片贴片至载玻片上,滴加抗荧光衰减封片剂封片,完成后避光保存。
采用NOVEL公司激光共聚焦激光扫描显微镜对选取的免疫荧光切片进行Z序列扫描,之后利用Imaris 软件查看所拍摄切片的3D图像,并手动计算BrdU+以及BrdU+/NeuN+的新生成熟神经元数量,得到单位体积内BrdU+、BrdU+/NeuN+的细胞密度。使用Image J对海马齿状回内CB1R及NeuN的平均荧光强度进行测定。
取大鼠海马组织,用 100 μL RIPA裂解液处理大鼠海马组织,临用前向 RIPA裂解液中加入1 μL磷酸酶抑制剂和1 μL蛋白酶抑制剂(三者体积比为 100∶1∶1)。超声匀浆后4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心15 min收集上清液。采用BCA定量法测定各样品的蛋白浓度,并以浓度最低的样品为基准调整各蛋白的液体量。随后,在每个样品中加入适量的蛋白上样缓冲液,充分混匀,在37 ℃的金属浴中变性10 min,室温下自然冷却。制备10% PAGE凝胶,按照均匀的蛋白浓度依次加入蛋白样品。然后将37 ℃的SDS-PAGE样品加入缓冲液(5×)中使蛋白质变性。用50 V恒压电泳30 min,再以120 V恒压电泳60 min。在4 ℃条件下,用210 mA恒流电转60 min。然后,将膜放入含有5%脱脂牛奶的TBST中,37 ℃孵育1 h。TBST洗净后,加入TBST溶液稀释后的一抗(GAPDH稀释比例为1∶2 000,CB1R稀释比例为1∶1 000)于4 ℃孵育过夜。次日,TBST清洗3次(10 min/次)。然后在37 ℃下加入对应一抗种属的二抗(按1∶8 000的比例稀释),恒温摇床孵育1 h。再次用TBST冲洗3次,每次10 min。应用增强型化学发光(enhanced chemiluminescence imaging system,ECL)仪器进行发光成像。采用Image J 图像分析软件对靶蛋白条带的灰度值进行半定量分析。
所有数据采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析,以x¯±s表示。采用Shapiro-Wilk检验评估数据的正态性。如数据符合正态分布,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,三组及以上组间比较采用单因素方差分析,事后检验采用LSD法。如果数据不符合正态分布,则采用对数变换或倒数转换将非正态分布数据转换为正态分布数据。若转换后的数据仍不符合正态分布,则进行非参数检验。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
通过脑立体定位注射技术对大鼠海马进行腺相关病毒转染以选择性上调CB1R,并采用免疫荧光染色结合平均荧光强度分析及Western blot技术,检测各组大鼠海马CB1R的表达水平,验证CB1R选择性过表达是否成功。大鼠全脑切片的荧光图显示腺相关病毒注射范围正确,腺病毒荧光仅在海马区域表达(图2A)。免疫荧光染色实验的结果显示,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R平均荧光强度显著降低(P=0.008);而与Stress+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R平均荧光强度显著升高(P<0.001,图2B、C)。Western blot检测结果进一步证实,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马CB1R蛋白表达水平显著降低(P=0.001);选择性过表达CB1R后,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马CB1R蛋白表达水平较Stress+AAV-NC组显著增高(P<0.001,图2D、E),提示本研究通过脑立体定位注射腺相关病毒转染技术,成功实现了大鼠海马CB1R的选择性过表达。
实验开始前,各组大鼠的体质量差异无统计学意义;经连续3周慢性束缚应激干预后,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠体质量显著低于Control+AAV-NC组(P=0.001);给予3周海马CB1R选择性过表达干预后,虽对Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠体质量增长有一定改善作用,但该组大鼠体质量仍显著低于Control+AAV-NC组(P=0.004,图3)。
通过新环境进食抑制实验,检测各组大鼠的进食潜伏期及测试结束后5 min进食量,评估选择性过表达海马CB1R对应激大鼠行为学异常的影响。实验结果显示,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠的进食潜伏期显著延长(P<0.001);而选择性过表达海马CB1R后,与Stress+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠的进食潜伏期显著缩短(P=0.039,图4A);各组大鼠测试结束后5 min进食量无明显差异(图4B)。提示选择性过表达海马CB1R可显著改善应激大鼠的行为学异常。
通过对3组大鼠海马进行CB1R、BrdU双重免疫荧光染色,定性分析CB1R与海马齿状回BrdU+新生细胞的共定位情况,及各组海马齿状回表达CB1R+的新生细胞数量变化。定性结果显示,选择性过表达的海马CB1R可与大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+新生细胞发生共定位(即BrdU+新生细胞同时表达CB1R+);与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R+新生细胞数量减少,而经选择性过表达CB1R干预后,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R+新生细胞数量较Stress+AAV-NC组增多(图5)。提示应激可减少大鼠海马齿状回CB1R+新生细胞数量,而选择性过表达海马CB1R能逆转该效应,且过表达的CB1R可定位于海马新生细胞上。
通过对3组大鼠海马齿状回进行BrdU+细胞免疫荧光染色计数,检测各组海马齿状回新生细胞密度,明确选择性过表达海马CB1R对应激大鼠海马新生细胞生成的影响。统计分析表明,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+细胞密度显著降低(P=0.003,图6);经选择性过表达海马CB1R干预后,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+新生细胞密度较Stress+AAV-NC组显著增加(P=0.035,图6)。选择性过表达海马CB1R可显著增加应激大鼠海马齿状回内新生细胞的密度。
通过对3组大鼠海马进行BrdU、NeuN、CB1R免疫荧光三标染色,定性分析过表达的CB1R与海马齿状回BrdU+/NeuN+新生成熟神经元的共定位情况,及各组海马齿状回CB1R+新生成熟神经元的数量变化。定性结果显示,选择性过表达的海马CB1R可与大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+/NeuN+新生成熟神经元发生共定位(即被BrdU+、NeuN+共同标记的新生成熟神经元同时表达CB1R+);与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R+新生成熟神经元数量减少,而经选择性过表达CB1R干预后,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R+新生成熟神经元数量较Stress+AAV-NC组增多(图7)。提示应激可减少大鼠海马齿状回表达CB1R+的新生成熟神经元数量,选择性过表达海马CB1R能逆转该效应,且过表达的CB1R可定位于海马新生成熟神经元上。
通过对3组大鼠海马齿状回进行BrdU+细胞与NeuN+细胞免疫荧光双标染色,检测各组BrdU+/NeuN+新生成熟神经元密度、NeuN+平均荧光强度,并分析BrdU+细胞密度与BrdU+/NeuN+细胞密度的相关性,明确应激及CB1R过表达对海马新生成熟神经元的影响及相关机制。统计分析表明,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+/NeuN+新生成熟神经元密度显著降低(P=0.001),而经选择性过表达海马CB1R干预后,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+/NeuN+新生成熟神经元密度较Stress+AAV-NC组显著增加(P=0.028,图8A、B)。此外,对各组大鼠海马齿状回内NeuN+平均荧光强度分析显示,3组间NeuN+平均荧光强度无显著差异(图8C、D);相关性分析结果表明,海马齿状回内BrdU+细胞密度与BrdU+/NeuN+细胞密度呈显著正相关的线性关系(P<0.001,图8E)。提示慢性束缚应激可显著减少大鼠海马齿状回新生成熟神经元密度,选择性过表达海马CB1R能逆转该效应,且海马新生细胞总数与新生成熟神经元数量的变化趋势一致,NeuN整体表达未受应激及CB1R过表达影响。
抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病,临床特征表现为快感缺失、疲惫、食欲不振等,严重时甚至有自杀倾向,具有高发病率、高复发率、高致死率和高致残率的特点[26]。慢性应激是一种机体因持续或反复的生理或心理负面因素刺激导致的长期应激反应,被认为是引发抑郁障碍的关键因素[27]。
CB1R是内源性大麻素系统(endocannabinoid system ,ECS)的主要受体之一,具备众多功能,在调节多种生理过程(如情绪、食欲、神经保护等)中发挥着重要作用[28-29]。SERRA等[30]研究发现,遭受急性强迫游泳应激的大鼠,其海马内CB1R蛋白表达量较对照组动物明显减少。类似地,在慢性不可预知轻度应激模型中,大鼠海马CB1R蛋白表达同样呈现下降趋势;而通过重复经颅磁刺激干预改善该类大鼠的快感缺失与绝望样行为后,其海马CB1R的荧光强度与蛋白表达水平也可恢复至正常范围[22, 31]。此外,全身使用AM251抑制剂来抑制CB1R可诱发动物快感缺失症状[31]。以上研究提示,海马CB1R的活性或表达变化与机体应激反应之间存在密切联系。然而,现有研究大多停留在观察全身性调控CB1R带来的变化,尚缺乏专门通过定向调控海马CB1R来改善应激后行为的直接证据。
在本研究中,大鼠在连续6周的慢性束缚应激后,新环境进食抑制实验结果显示,在保持5 min内各组大鼠进食量无差异的情况下,与对照组相比,慢性束缚应激导致应激组大鼠的进食潜伏期显著延长。然而选择性过表达海马CB1R显著缩短了应激大鼠的进食潜伏期。新环境进食抑制的潜伏期不仅能够反映动物的焦虑水平,还能反映动物的抑郁相关症状[32]。
成人海马神经发生是海马神经干细胞和神经祖细胞持续产生新生神经元的过程,对学习、情绪调节等方面发挥着重要作用[33-34]。有文献报道,特异性消除成年海马神经发生会阻断抗抑郁药物的行为效应[35],并使动物对应激更敏感,更易表现出抑郁样行为[34]。有研究发现,使用抗抑郁药促进培养的人源海马祖细胞神经发生,同时,还观察到新生神经元树突复杂性和突触蛋白表达的增强[36]。BrdU可以在细胞有丝分裂的S期掺入到新合成的DNA中,在海马神经发生中可用于检测增殖的新生细胞[37]。本研究利用免疫荧光染色检测各组大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU的表达发现,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,慢性束缚应激6周导致Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+的密度显著减少,提示应激减少了大鼠海马齿状回内产生新生细胞的数量,损害了大鼠海马齿状回产生新生细胞的增殖能力。此外,本研究通过分析Western blot结果发现,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马内CB1R的蛋白表达水平较对照组大鼠显著降低。通过CB1R的免疫荧光染色结果发现,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R的平均荧光强度值也显著降低。通过分析BrdU与CB1R的双重免疫荧光定性结果,本研究还发现,与Control+AAV-NC组相比,Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠海马齿状回内表达CB1R+的新生细胞数量减少,在选择性过表达CB1R干预以后,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内表达CB1R+的新生细胞增多。上述研究提示应激大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+密度的降低可能与海马CB1R表达下调有关。本研究利用脑立体定位注射技术结合大鼠海马坐标,对随机抽取的11只应激大鼠进行CB1R腺相关病毒转染。通过Western blot检测到Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马CB1R的蛋白表达水平较Stress+AAV-NC组显著增加,同样,免疫荧光结果显示Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内CB1R的平均荧光强度也显著增强。上述结果提示海马内选择性过表达CB1R成功。随后,本研究发现选择性过表达海马CB1R后,Stress+CB1R-OE组大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+的密度与Stress+AAV-NC组大鼠相比显著增加,表明选择性过表达海马CB1R调节应激大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+细胞的产生,促进应激大鼠海马齿状回内新生细胞的增殖,增强海马神经发生。
本研究进一步明确了海马CB1R选择性过表达条件下,应激大鼠海马体内新生细胞的增殖来源。通过检测成熟神经标志物NeuN与外源性细胞示踪剂BrdU的免疫荧光共标染色,可以确定神经发生的状态[37]。通过BrdU、NeuN、CB1R三标荧光染色定性结果发现,应激导致大鼠海马齿状回内表达CB1R+的新生成熟神经元数量减少,选择性过表达海马CB1R能够增加应激大鼠海马齿状回内表达CB1R+的新生成熟神经元数量。既往研究提示,CB1R可能对海马内神经细胞的增殖及神经元产生具有调控作用[23]。在体外培养DG神经干/祖细胞的过程中,CB1R的激动剂(WIN 55,212-2)能够促进表达BrdU+/sox2+/nestin+的神经干/祖细胞增殖,BrdU+/NeuN+的新生神经元数量增加,而CB1R拮抗剂则阻断此作用[24]。然而,大部分研究采用全身干预CB1R或全身使用CB1R激动剂来观察对海马神经发生的影响[14, 23]。本研究发现,选择性过表达海马CB1R在不影响各组大鼠海马内总的NeuN成熟神经元的情况下,促进了应激大鼠海马齿状回内表达BrdU+/NeuN+的新生神经元的分化成熟,增强了应激大鼠海马神经元的发生,这也进一步阐明了应激大鼠海马齿状回内BrdU+新生细胞增多的可能由来。
本研究存在一定局限性:①目前研究仅聚焦于海马CB1R对神经发生调控的细胞学层面,针对海马CB1R影响应激大鼠神经发生的具体分子学作用机制,包括其下游调控的信号通路、相互作用的关键蛋白等,尚未开展深入探究,相关机制仍需后续实验进一步验证与完善。②本研究仅采用慢性束缚应激模型模拟抑郁样状态,研究结果的普适性是否适用于其他应激模型或临床抑郁症患者,仍有待扩大研究范围进一步确认。
综上所述,本研究围绕海马CB1R与应激大鼠行为学改变及海马神经发生的关联展开系统探究,明确了慢性束缚应激可显著下调大鼠海马CB1R表达,同时抑制海马齿状回内神经发生过程,具体表现为BrdU+新生细胞及BrdU+/NeuN+新生成熟神经元密度的降低,进而引发行为学异常。而通过定向调控实现海马CB1R选择性过表达后,不仅能有效逆转应激诱导的海马神经发生抑制,促进新生细胞的增殖与分化成熟,还能显著缩短应激大鼠在新环境进食抑制测试中的进食潜伏期,改善其应激相关行为。本研究为应激的发病机制研究提供了新的细胞学视角,同时也为临床开发靶向海马CB1R的抑郁症治疗药物与干预策略提供了数据支撑和理论依据。

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2026年第48卷第4期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511032
  • 接收时间:2025-11-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-06
  • 修回日期:2026-01-11
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    1重庆医科大学,基础医学院放射医学教研室,重庆
    2重庆医科大学,基础医学院组织与胚胎学教研室,重庆
    3重庆医科大学,实验教学管理中心,重庆

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肖倩, E-mail:
XIAO Qian ,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511032
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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