Article(id=1320435761552409107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320435745685360670, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762272000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-05, revisedDate=1768147200000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792746018063, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746018063, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746018063, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746018063, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320435745685360670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='251', pageEnd='386', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746014281, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792749703323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320451218711892582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320435745685360670, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320451218711892583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320435745685360670, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=294, endPage=304, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320435763251102228, articleId=1320435761552409107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Autologous fecal microbiota transplantation attenuates colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice by suppressing NF-κB signaling and restoring CD8⁺ T cell/regulatory T cell balance, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effects of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (AFMT) on immune regulation and tumor suppression in a murine model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) induced by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), with mechanistic emphasis on NF-κB pathway inhibition and CD8⁺ T cell/regulatory T cell (Treg) balance modulation.

Methods

Six-week-old female BALB/c mice [SPF grade, body weight (20±2) g] were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5 per group): control group (Con), CAC model group (Mod), and AFMT intervention group (AFMT). The CAC model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of AOM (10 mg/kg) followed by three cycles of DSS treatment (each cycle: 3.5%DSS in drinking water for 7 d plus 14 d of recovery with sterile water). Starting from day 7 post-modeling, the AFMT group received 0.1 mL of autologous fecal microbiota suspension via oral gavage every other day until the end of the experiment; control groups received equal volumes of sterile saline. At endpoint, colorectal tissues, spleen, serum, and fecal samples were collected. Colonic pathological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 protein expression in colon tissue was detected by Western blot. Serum TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportions of CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg, defined as CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) in the spleen. Gut microbiota composition and diversity (α- and β-diversity) were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results

Compared with the Con group, the Mod group showed a reduction in goblet cells and significant inflammatory cell infiltration in HE-stained colon sections, an increased ratio of p-NF-κB p65 to NF-κB p65 in colon tissue (P<0.05), elevated serum TNF-α levels (P<0.001), a decreased proportion of CD8⁺ T cells in the spleen (P<0.001), an increased proportion of Treg cells (P<0.05), an increased relative abundance of Bacteroidales (P<0.05), and a decreased relative abundance of Lactobacillales (P<0.05). Compared with the Mod group, the AFMT group showed milder structural damage and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon, a decreased ratio of p-NF-κB p65 to NF-κB p65 in colon tissue (P<0.01), reduced serum TNF-α levels (P<0.01), an increased proportion of CD8⁺ T cells in the spleen (P<0.05), a decreased proportion of Treg cells (P<0.05), a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidales (P<0.05), and an increased relative abundance of Lactobacillales (P<0.05).

Conclusion

AFMT intervention may alleviate disease progression in CAC model mice through multiple mechanisms: restoring the abundance of Lactobacillales, enhancing the intestinal barrier function and promoting short-chain fatty acid production, inhibiting the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, reducing TNF-α levels, and regulating T-cell immune balance.

, authors=Hang REN1, Jing BAI2, Xueshuai YE1, Guoqiang LIU1, Junqi ZHANG1, Yong YANG3, Mengtian TAN1, Lei LI3, Zexian FU4, authorsList=Hang REN, Jing BAI, Xueshuai YE, Guoqiang LIU, Junqi ZHANG, Yong YANG, Mengtian TAN, Lei LI, Zexian FU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zexian FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2026 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320435764891075109, articleId=1320435761552409107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=自体粪菌移植通过重塑菌群抑制NF-κB通路并调节CD8⁺ T/Treg平衡抑制小鼠结肠炎相关性结肠癌, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨自体粪菌移植(autologous fecal microbiota transplantation,AFMT)通过调节核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)信号通路对氧化偶氮甲烷(azoxymethane,AOM)/葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium salt,DSS)诱导的结肠炎相关性结肠癌(colitis-associated colorectal cancer,CAC)模型小鼠免疫功能及肿瘤抑制作用的影响。

方法

将6周龄(specific pathogen free,SPF)级BALB/c雌性小鼠[体质量(20±2)g]按照随机数字表法分为3组(n=5):空白对照组(Con组)、CAC模型组(Mod组)和AFMT干预组(AFMT组)。采用单次腹腔注射AOM(10 mg/kg)并联合3轮DSS循环处理(3.5%DSS自由饮用7 d和纯净水恢复14 d)建立CAC模型;AFMT组于建模后第7天起隔日灌胃0.1 mL自体粪菌悬液,直至实验结束;其余组灌胃等量无菌生理盐水。实验结束后采集结直肠、脾脏、血清及粪便样本,通过HE染色评估结肠组织病理损伤及炎症细胞浸润程度。Western blot检测结肠组织中NF-κB p65和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达;ELISA检测各组小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平;流式细胞术分析脾脏中CD8⁺ T和Treg(CD4+CD25+Foxp3+)的细胞比例,16S rRNA测序分析肠道菌群组成、α多样性与β多样性。

结果

与Con组比较,Mod组结肠HE染色显示杯状细胞减少,炎性细胞浸润明显,小鼠结肠组织中p-NF-κB p65与NF-κB p65的比例上升(P<0.05),血清中TNF-α炎症因子水平升高(P<0.001),脾脏组织中CD8+ T细胞比例下降(P<0.001),Treg细胞比例升高(P<0.05),拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)的相对丰度升高(P<0.05),乳杆菌目(Lactobacillales)相对丰度下降(P<0.05)。与Mod组相比,AFMT组结肠组织结构损伤较轻,炎性细胞浸润减少,结肠组织中p-NF-κB p65与NF-κB p65的比值下降(P<0.01),TNF-α炎症因子水平下降(P<0.01),CD8+ T细胞比例升高(P<0.05),Treg细胞比例降低(P<0.05),Bacteroidales的相对丰度下降(P<0.05),Lactobacillales相对丰度升高(P<0.05)。

结论

AFMT干预后可能通过恢复Lactobacillales的丰度,增强肠道屏障/产生短链脂肪酸,抑制NF-κB炎症通路、降低TNF-α水平、调节T细胞免疫平衡,有效缓解CAC模型小鼠的疾病进展。

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付泽娴,E-mail:
FU Zexian,E-mail:
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Dig Dis Sci, 2024, 69(4): 1228-1241., articleTitle=Intestinal microbiota modulates the antitumor effect of oncolytic virus vaccines in colorectal cancer, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320435765146927654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320435765155316263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, companyId=1320435765146927654, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320435765163704872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, companyId=1320435765146927654, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河北工程大学 临床医学院,河北 邯郸)]), 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city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320435765457306161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, companyId=1320435765444723247, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4河北工程大学胃肠外科,河北 邯郸)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320435770448527977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Effects of AFMT on pathological damage to colon tissues in CAC model mice, figureFileSmall=LiliWGNsU0NFmUI9hZtDEg==, figureFileBig=VoW6kyaq6yrGWHtiYQy++g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435772134638186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=CN, label=图1, caption=AFMT对CAC模型小鼠结肠组织病理损伤的影响, figureFileSmall=LiliWGNsU0NFmUI9hZtDEg==, figureFileBig=VoW6kyaq6yrGWHtiYQy++g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435772436628075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effects of AFMT on NF-κB pathway protein expression in colonic tissue of CAC model mice(n=3,x¯±s), figureFileSmall=MaD5ppFFPGKYwmNqk5Svww==, figureFileBig=pbwYZ4fZuZUEo+ltVGHIFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435772520514156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=CN, label=图2, caption=AFMT干预对CAC模型小鼠结肠组织NF-κB通路蛋白表达的影响(n=3,x¯±s), figureFileSmall=MaD5ppFFPGKYwmNqk5Svww==, figureFileBig=pbwYZ4fZuZUEo+ltVGHIFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435772587623021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effect of AFMT on serum TNF-α levels in CAC model mice(n=5,x¯±s), figureFileSmall=soFuuPztK8guNGrxT9Zv0w==, figureFileBig=MAwSPAKuRtHly2WdcegGXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435772667314798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=CN, label=图3, caption=AFMT干预对CAC模型小鼠血清TNF-α水平的影响(n=5,x¯±s), figureFileSmall=soFuuPztK8guNGrxT9Zv0w==, figureFileBig=MAwSPAKuRtHly2WdcegGXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435772747006575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effects of AFMT on splenic CD8⁺ T cell and Treg cell proportions in CAC model mice(n=4,x¯±s), figureFileSmall=DZRBQlBXhbU62RYvFPUQ8Q==, figureFileBig=Xh0lSm1O4HbJFyTU+TXEig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435772801532528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=CN, label=图4, caption=AFMT干预对CAC模型小鼠脾脏CD8+ T细胞与Treg细胞比例的影响(n=4,x¯±s)

A:Representative gating strategy for CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells;B:Statistical analysis of CD8⁺ T cell proportions;C:Representative gating strategy for CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3⁺ Treg cells;D:Statistical analysis of Treg cell proportions among groups

, figureFileSmall=DZRBQlBXhbU62RYvFPUQ8Q==, figureFileBig=Xh0lSm1O4HbJFyTU+TXEig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435772877030001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effects of AFMT on gut microbiota composition and α-diversity in CAC model mice, figureFileSmall=wtZB2BoI6Atb/yozPmPqnw==, figureFileBig=Sghnf+cQQtD28gc5AsJziA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435772969304690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=CN, label=图5, caption=AFMT干预对CAC模型小鼠肠道菌群组成及α多样性的影响

A:Venn diagram;B:Shannon index;C:Shannon rarefaction curves

, figureFileSmall=wtZB2BoI6Atb/yozPmPqnw==, figureFileBig=Sghnf+cQQtD28gc5AsJziA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435773032219251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Effects of AFMT on β-diversity analysis of gut microbiota in CAC mice by PCoA, figureFileSmall=d9t1ZqDdJDnsrlwr7Z3PwA==, figureFileBig=AGlKwlxZBaIyA27XFQjqKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435773099328116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=CN, label=图6, caption=PCoA分析显示AFMT干预对CAC模型小鼠肠道菌群β多样性的影响

A: Two-dimensional PCoA plot;B: Three-dimensional PCoA plot

, figureFileSmall=d9t1ZqDdJDnsrlwr7Z3PwA==, figureFileBig=AGlKwlxZBaIyA27XFQjqKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435773166436981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=NMDS analysis of gut microbiota β-diversity in CAC model mice following AFMT intervention, figureFileSmall=jnc2toXJ5N3np8sM6lGhvQ==, figureFileBig=cf/McadCFJgV97/8QDQBqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435773229351542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435761552409107, language=CN, label=图7, caption=NMDS评估AFMT干预对CAC模型小鼠肠道菌群β多样性的影响

A:Two-dimensional NMDS plot;B:Three-dimensional NMDS plot

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A:Overall composition of gut microbiota;B:Bacteroidales relative abundance;C:Lactobacillales relative abundance

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任行 1 , 白净 2 , 叶学帅 1 , 刘国强 1 , 张浚琪 1 , 杨勇 3 , 檀梦天 1 , 李磊 3 , 付泽娴 4
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·基础医学 2026,48(3): 294-304
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·基础医学 2026 , 48 (3) : 294 -304
自体粪菌移植通过重塑菌群抑制NF-κB通路并调节CD8⁺ T/Treg平衡抑制小鼠结肠炎相关性结肠癌
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任行1, 白净2, 叶学帅1, 刘国强1, 张浚琪1, 杨勇3, 檀梦天1, 李磊3, 付泽娴4
作者信息
  • 1河北工程大学 临床医学院,河北 邯郸
  • 2河北工程大学医学院 河北 邯郸
  • 3河北工程大学 老年病科,河北 邯郸
  • 4河北工程大学胃肠外科,河北 邯郸
通讯作者:
付泽娴,E-mail:
FU Zexian,E-mail:
Autologous fecal microbiota transplantation attenuates colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice by suppressing NF-κB signaling and restoring CD8⁺ T cell/regulatory T cell balance
Hang REN1, Jing BAI2, Xueshuai YE1, Guoqiang LIU1, Junqi ZHANG1, Yong YANG3, Mengtian TAN1, Lei LI3, Zexian FU4
Affiliations
  • 1School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei
  • 2School of Basic Medical Sciences,Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei
  • 3Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China
  • 4Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511026
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目的

探讨自体粪菌移植(autologous fecal microbiota transplantation,AFMT)通过调节核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)信号通路对氧化偶氮甲烷(azoxymethane,AOM)/葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium salt,DSS)诱导的结肠炎相关性结肠癌(colitis-associated colorectal cancer,CAC)模型小鼠免疫功能及肿瘤抑制作用的影响。

方法

将6周龄(specific pathogen free,SPF)级BALB/c雌性小鼠[体质量(20±2)g]按照随机数字表法分为3组(n=5):空白对照组(Con组)、CAC模型组(Mod组)和AFMT干预组(AFMT组)。采用单次腹腔注射AOM(10 mg/kg)并联合3轮DSS循环处理(3.5%DSS自由饮用7 d和纯净水恢复14 d)建立CAC模型;AFMT组于建模后第7天起隔日灌胃0.1 mL自体粪菌悬液,直至实验结束;其余组灌胃等量无菌生理盐水。实验结束后采集结直肠、脾脏、血清及粪便样本,通过HE染色评估结肠组织病理损伤及炎症细胞浸润程度。Western blot检测结肠组织中NF-κB p65和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达;ELISA检测各组小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平;流式细胞术分析脾脏中CD8⁺ T和Treg(CD4+CD25+Foxp3+)的细胞比例,16S rRNA测序分析肠道菌群组成、α多样性与β多样性。

结果

与Con组比较,Mod组结肠HE染色显示杯状细胞减少,炎性细胞浸润明显,小鼠结肠组织中p-NF-κB p65与NF-κB p65的比例上升(P<0.05),血清中TNF-α炎症因子水平升高(P<0.001),脾脏组织中CD8+ T细胞比例下降(P<0.001),Treg细胞比例升高(P<0.05),拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)的相对丰度升高(P<0.05),乳杆菌目(Lactobacillales)相对丰度下降(P<0.05)。与Mod组相比,AFMT组结肠组织结构损伤较轻,炎性细胞浸润减少,结肠组织中p-NF-κB p65与NF-κB p65的比值下降(P<0.01),TNF-α炎症因子水平下降(P<0.01),CD8+ T细胞比例升高(P<0.05),Treg细胞比例降低(P<0.05),Bacteroidales的相对丰度下降(P<0.05),Lactobacillales相对丰度升高(P<0.05)。

结论

AFMT干预后可能通过恢复Lactobacillales的丰度,增强肠道屏障/产生短链脂肪酸,抑制NF-κB炎症通路、降低TNF-α水平、调节T细胞免疫平衡,有效缓解CAC模型小鼠的疾病进展。

粪菌移植  /  结肠炎相关性结肠癌  /  核因子κB  /  调节性T细胞  /  肠道菌群
Objective

To investigate the effects of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (AFMT) on immune regulation and tumor suppression in a murine model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) induced by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), with mechanistic emphasis on NF-κB pathway inhibition and CD8⁺ T cell/regulatory T cell (Treg) balance modulation.

Methods

Six-week-old female BALB/c mice [SPF grade, body weight (20±2) g] were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5 per group): control group (Con), CAC model group (Mod), and AFMT intervention group (AFMT). The CAC model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of AOM (10 mg/kg) followed by three cycles of DSS treatment (each cycle: 3.5%DSS in drinking water for 7 d plus 14 d of recovery with sterile water). Starting from day 7 post-modeling, the AFMT group received 0.1 mL of autologous fecal microbiota suspension via oral gavage every other day until the end of the experiment; control groups received equal volumes of sterile saline. At endpoint, colorectal tissues, spleen, serum, and fecal samples were collected. Colonic pathological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 protein expression in colon tissue was detected by Western blot. Serum TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportions of CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg, defined as CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) in the spleen. Gut microbiota composition and diversity (α- and β-diversity) were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results

Compared with the Con group, the Mod group showed a reduction in goblet cells and significant inflammatory cell infiltration in HE-stained colon sections, an increased ratio of p-NF-κB p65 to NF-κB p65 in colon tissue (P<0.05), elevated serum TNF-α levels (P<0.001), a decreased proportion of CD8⁺ T cells in the spleen (P<0.001), an increased proportion of Treg cells (P<0.05), an increased relative abundance of Bacteroidales (P<0.05), and a decreased relative abundance of Lactobacillales (P<0.05). Compared with the Mod group, the AFMT group showed milder structural damage and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon, a decreased ratio of p-NF-κB p65 to NF-κB p65 in colon tissue (P<0.01), reduced serum TNF-α levels (P<0.01), an increased proportion of CD8⁺ T cells in the spleen (P<0.05), a decreased proportion of Treg cells (P<0.05), a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidales (P<0.05), and an increased relative abundance of Lactobacillales (P<0.05).

Conclusion

AFMT intervention may alleviate disease progression in CAC model mice through multiple mechanisms: restoring the abundance of Lactobacillales, enhancing the intestinal barrier function and promoting short-chain fatty acid production, inhibiting the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, reducing TNF-α levels, and regulating T-cell immune balance.

fecal microbiota transplantation  /  colitis-associated colorectal cancer  /  NF-κB  /  Treg  /  gut microbiota
任行, 白净, 叶学帅, 刘国强, 张浚琪, 杨勇, 檀梦天, 李磊, 付泽娴. 自体粪菌移植通过重塑菌群抑制NF-κB通路并调节CD8⁺ T/Treg平衡抑制小鼠结肠炎相关性结肠癌. 陆军军医大学学报, 2026 , 48 (3) : 294 -304 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511026
Hang REN, Jing BAI, Xueshuai YE, Guoqiang LIU, Junqi ZHANG, Yong YANG, Mengtian TAN, Lei LI, Zexian FU. Autologous fecal microbiota transplantation attenuates colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice by suppressing NF-κB signaling and restoring CD8⁺ T cell/regulatory T cell balance[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2026 , 48 (3) : 294 -304 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511026
结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全球第三大常见癌症和第二大癌症相关死因[1]。炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD),包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD),患者长期处于慢性肠道炎症状态,显著增加了患结直肠癌的风险[2]。结肠炎相关性结肠癌(colitis-associated colorectal cancer,CAC)作为IBD的严重并发症,其发生与慢性炎症驱动的免疫失衡及肠道菌群紊乱密切相关[3-4]。肠道菌群失调可诱发持续性炎症反应,激活核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)等促炎通路,抑制免疫监视功能,最终加速肿瘤进展[5-6]。粪便微生物群移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)通过重塑肠道微生态,在改善CAC免疫微环境中展现出潜力[7],目前已被应用于治疗艰难梭菌感染、IBD及改善化疗相关性腹泻等[8-9]。研究表明FMT可调节抗肿瘤免疫:例如,引入双歧杆菌能增加CT26结肠癌小鼠肿瘤内CD8+ T细胞比例并降低其PD-1表达,发挥协同抗肿瘤作用[10];FMT还可降低促炎因子IL-1β、IFN-γ水平,升高抗炎因子IL-10,减少结肠组织中中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞等促炎细胞浸润,减轻炎症损伤,从而降低肿瘤风险[11]。传统异体FMT虽在调控肠道微环境方面展现出潜力,但其临床应用仍面临供体筛选复杂、潜在病原体传播风险及免疫反应等问题[12-13]。相比之下,自体粪菌移植(autologous fecal microbiota transplantation,AFMT)在于其能从根本上避免异体感染风险,并完整保持宿主个体化的菌群特征,从而实现真正的个体化安全干预。在安全性上,AFMT因采用自体菌群,彻底规避了由异体来源导致的未知病原传播、耐药菌感染及相关免疫性疾病风险[13-14],在个体适配性上,其回输的菌群源于受体自身健康期,因而能最大程度维持微生物组的原生特征,有效防止免疫排斥。因此,AFMT为结肠炎相关性结肠癌的微生态干预提供了一条更具安全性、可控性与个体化潜力的途径。然而,AFMT是否通过调控NF-κB信号通路影响CAC进程中的免疫失衡,其具体机制尚不明确。本研究通过动物实验,系统性地探讨AFMT对CAC模型中NF-κB通路活性、免疫细胞及肠道菌群的调控作用,以阐明其在延缓CAC进展中的潜在机制。
本实验采用6周龄无特定病原体(specific pathogen free,SPF)级BALB/c雌性小鼠,体质量(20±2)g,由斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司提供,许可证编号为SCXK(京)2024-0001。该实验已通过河北工程大学医学院生物医学伦理委员会批准(BER-YXY-2024021)。小鼠饲养于河北工程大学附属医院动物实验中心[实验设施使用许可证:SYXK(冀)2023-001]的SPF级环境中,环境条件严格控制为温度(20±2)℃、相对湿度(55±5)%、12 h光暗循环,自由获取标准饲料及无菌水。实验期间每日密切观察小鼠的精神状态、活动、摄食饮水及体质量变化。
氧化偶氮甲烷(azoxymethane,AOM)购自上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司;葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium salt,DSS)购自北京酷来搏科技有限公司;兔抗NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB p65购自上海埃必威生物技术有限公司;飞敏TM型ECL发光液、快速电泳缓冲液速溶颗粒、快速转膜缓冲液速溶颗粒购自上海圣尔生物科技有限公司;BCA蛋白定量检测试剂盒购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit购自上海酶联生物科技有限公司;磷酸化蛋白酶抑制剂、PMSF、TBST缓冲液、RIPA裂解液、一步法PAGE彩色凝胶配制试剂盒、(5×)蛋白上样缓冲液、预染蛋白Marker、牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)、抗体稀释液、苏木素-伊红高清恒染试剂盒、PBS缓冲液、HRP-标记山羊抗兔二抗购自武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司;流式细胞术抗体APC anti-mouse CD3、FITC anti-mouse CD4、PE anti-mouse CD8a、APC anti-mouse CD25、PE anti-mouse Foxp3、Foxp3/转录因子染色固定破膜试剂盒购自武汉伊莱瑞特生物科技股份有限公司。
根据小鼠体质量,按照随机数字表法将小鼠分为3组(n=5):空白对照组(Con组)、CAC模型组(Mod组)和AFMT干预组(AFMT组)。Con组:单次腹腔注射等体积生理盐水及全程给予等体积生理盐水灌胃;Mod组:单次腹腔注射10 mg/kg的AOM,7 d后启动3轮DSS循环处理(3.5%DSS自由饮用7 d和纯净水恢复14 d);AFMT组:于适应性饲养期结束后、AOM注射前,收集每只小鼠足量粪便,个体化制备并冻存粪菌悬液,用于后续该小鼠自身的AFMT干预;在CAC建模基础上,隔日灌胃0.1 mL自体粪菌悬液进行干预,直至实验结束。在实验过程中,CAC模型组(Mod组)部分小鼠在DSS饮用周期出现了预期的体质量下降、活动减少等结肠炎症状,未发生意外死亡的严重不良事件。整个实验过程严格遵循动物实验3R原则(替代、减少、优化)。
对于每个小鼠的粪便样本,按照质量与体积1∶5的比例,加入常温无菌生理盐水,使其充分溶解,然后使用组织研磨器将混合物混匀,通过细胞筛进行过滤,以去除其中的大颗粒物质,最终制备得到粪菌悬液,并对其进行标记后备用[15]。粪便放入单独无菌EP管中,在-80 ℃保存,按照干预剂量取粪便制备菌液,并于-20 ℃保存,保存时间为7 d,7 d后弃用并制备新鲜菌液,灌胃前处理(菌液恢复常温,涡旋振荡混匀),在实验过程中,采用灌胃针以0.1 mL/只的剂量,隔天对小鼠进行灌胃操作。完成灌胃后,观察小鼠的健康状况。
末次AFMT干预后将小鼠置于CO2环境中进行深度麻醉并处死,解剖后,立即采集结直肠组织,一部分立即置于4%多聚甲醛中固定,用于后续石蜡包埋与切片;另一部分分装后迅速投入液氮,随后转移至-80 ℃超低温冰箱保存,用于蛋白提取。完整取出脾脏,置于预冷的PBS缓冲液中,用于制备单细胞悬液进行流式细胞术分析。通过眼眶采血收集全血样本,静置30 min后,在4 ℃下以2 000×g离心20 min,小心吸取上层血清,分装后于-80 ℃保存。小鼠处死前,将小鼠单独置于无菌笼中,用无菌离心管收集其新鲜粪便颗粒,立即置于-80 ℃保存,用于肠道菌群16S rRNA测序。
将固定于4%多聚甲醛中24 h的结直肠组织,经梯度乙醇脱水、石蜡包埋。包埋好的组织经连续切片后,进行HE染色,以备观察结肠黏膜的病理变化情况。
取约30 mg结直肠组织,置于预冷RIPA裂解液中,使用低温组织研磨仪研磨。裂解时加入适量磷酸化蛋白酶抑制剂和PMSF,裂解液在4 ℃、12 000×g条件下离心15 min后收集上清,采用BCA法测定总蛋白浓度。随后进行PAGE凝胶电泳,并采用湿式转膜法将蛋白转移至PVDF膜。转膜完成后,使用5%BSA室温封闭2 h,封闭后的膜分别与兔抗NF-κB p65(1∶1 000)及兔抗p-NF-κB p65(1∶500)一抗于4 ℃孵育过夜。次日,经TBST充分洗涤,再与HRP标记的二抗室温孵育2 h,使用TBST充分洗涤。最后,使用ECL化学发光试剂显影,通过化学发光成像系统采集图像,并以Image J软件分析条带灰度值。
通过眼眶采血收集全血样本,室温静置30 min后,以2 000×g离心20 min,分离得到上层血清。TNF-α试剂盒中所有试剂使用前恢复至室温,标准品按说明书进行系列稀释以建立标准曲线。将待测血清及标准品加入预包被的微孔板中,依次进行孵育、洗涤、与生物素化检测抗体结合、与辣根过氧化物酶标记的链霉亲和素结合等步骤,最后加入TMB底物避光显色,并用终止液终止反应。使用酶标仪在450 nm波长下测定各孔吸光度[A(450)]值,根据四参数逻辑曲线拟合的标准曲线计算样本中TNF-α的具体浓度。
将置于预冷的脾脏取出并剪碎,经200目细胞筛网研磨,用PBS缓冲液收集单细胞悬液至15 mL离心管。以400×g离心10 min后,弃上清收集细胞沉淀。按淋巴细胞分离液说明书提取淋巴细胞层,转移至新离心管,用PBS缓冲液洗涤2次,每次以250×g离心10 min。将细胞用PBS缓冲液调至1×10⁷个/mL。流式细胞术检测时,CD8+ T细胞检测管中分别加入APC-CD3、PE-CD8a抗体,室温避光孵育30 min;Treg细胞检测管中加入FITC-CD4、APC-CD25、PE-Foxp3抗体组合,按试剂盒说明固定破膜后,4 ℃避光孵育30 min。孵育后各管用PBS洗涤,以300×g 离心5 min弃上清,最后用200 μL PBS缓冲液重悬细胞,流式上机检测。
用无菌采样管收集小鼠粪便并送检。扩增子测序在赛维尔生物科技有限公司Illumina NovaSeq 6000平台进行。以338F-806R通用引物针对基因组DNA中的16S rRNA V3和V4区域进行聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增。扩增后的产物通过PCR引入barcode,然后将各样本混合,采用双端测序(paired-end,PE250)模式进行测序。测序获得的原始序列利用Vsearch软件进行拼接,要求双端序列至少具有5 bp的最小重叠长度,并进行质量控制及嵌合体去除。随后,利用QIIME2(2022.2版本),进行扩增子序列变异(amplicon sequence variants,ASVs)的推断及丰度分析。基于SILVA 138数据库对ASVs进行物种注释。在此基础上,通过韦恩图分析比较各组间核心ASV的组成;采用Shannon 指数进行α多样性分析;基于Bray-Curtis距离矩阵进行主坐标分析(principal coordinate analysis,PCoA),并基于欧几里得距离(euclidean distance)非度量多维尺度分析(non-metric multi-dimensional scaling,NMDS),以评估菌群β多样性;并在目(Order)分类水平对菌群组成进行分析,重点比较差异菌群。
利用GraphPad Prism 10统计软件进行分析。实验数据用x¯±s表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),组间两两比较采用Tukey’s事后检验,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
Con组小鼠结肠黏膜结构正常,腺体排列整齐,形态规则,杯状细胞排列紧密,细胞核大小均匀。相较于Con组,Mod组腺体结构紊乱,腺体大小和形状不一,杯状细胞减少,细胞核增大且形态不规则,炎性细胞浸润明显。与Mod组比较,AFMT组小鼠结肠组织结构损伤较轻,炎性细胞浸润减少(图1)。提示AFMT干预能有效减轻CAC模型结肠组织的病理损伤。
Mod组小鼠结肠组织中p-NF-κB p65与NF-κB p65的比值显著高于Con组(P<0.05);而经AFMT干预后,该比值显著降低(P<0.01,图2)。
酶联免疫吸附实验结果显示,与Con组相比,Mod组的TNF-α炎症因子水平升高(P<0.001);经AFMT干预后TNF-α炎症因子水平明显下降(P<0.01,图3)。
流式细胞术检测结果显示,CAC模型小鼠脾脏中CD8⁺ T细胞占CD3⁺ T细胞的比例降低(图4A)。进一步分析证实Mod组脾脏组织中CD8+ T细胞比例低于Con组(P<0.001);经AFMT干预后,小鼠脾脏组织中CD8+ T细胞比例升高(P<0.05,图4B)。对调节性T细胞的检测表明,Mod组脾脏中Treg(CD4+CD25+Foxp3+)细胞的比例较Con组升高,代表性的散点图展示了Treg(CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+)细胞的富集情况(图4C)。进一步分析Mod组脾脏组织中Treg细胞比例高于Con组(P<0.05);经AFMT干预后Treg细胞的比例降低(P<0.05,图4D)。
通过对肠道菌群分析,绘制韦恩图,观察到Con组有600个ASV,Mod组有552个ASV,AFMT组有613个ASV,3组共享的ASV有327个,Con组、Mod组、AFMT组特有的ASV数量为150、90、124个(图5A)。Shannon小提琴图显示3组各样本的分布,统计学分析显示3组差异无明显统计学意义,提示3组小鼠在物种丰富度上没有区别(图5B)。采用Shannon对3组小鼠菌群丰富度和均匀度进行多样性分析,Shannon稀释曲线渐趋平稳,提示测序数据量足够,具有稳定代表性(图5C)。
通过对肠道菌群β多样性分析,结果显示,Mod组和Con组倾向于分离,没有相互交叉,而AFMT组与Mod组和Con组存在交叉(图6A)。PCoA三维图进一步显示,AFMT组样本点在空间上弥散分布于Mod组与Con组之间的区域,PERMANOVA检验证实组间差异显著(P<0.01,图6B)。
通过对肠道菌群β多样性中NMDS二维图分析结果显示,Con组与Mod组的样本点各自聚集,组内距离较近,2组小鼠组内的菌群差异较小;而AFMT组的样本点分布则更为分散,组内小鼠的菌群差异较大(图7A)。NMDS三维图分析从空间视角进一步展示了上述组间差异模式(图7B)。ANOSIM统计分析表明,3组间肠道菌群结构存在显著差异(P<0.01)。
在目(Order)水平上观察到显著的菌群组成变化(图8A),进一步分析显示:Mod组小鼠肠道菌群中拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)的相对丰度较Con组显著升高(P<0.05);而AFMT干预后,Bacteroidales的相对丰度出现下降(P<0.05,图8B)。Mod组乳杆菌目(Lactobacillales)的相对丰度显著低于Con组(P<0.05);而经AFMT干预后Lactobacillales的相对丰度则显著高于Mod组(P<0.05,图8C)。提示AFMT干预能有效恢复肠道菌群失调。
本研究基于AOM/DSS诱导的CAC模型,探讨了AFMT对肿瘤相关炎症反应、免疫平衡及肠道菌群结构的调控作用。研究结果表明,AFMT可通过调节肠道菌群组成,抑制NF-κB信号通路过度激活,降低促炎因子TNF-α水平,并重塑T细胞免疫平衡,从而在CAC模型中发挥抗炎及抗肿瘤作用。
慢性炎症是CAC发生发展的核心驱动因素之一,其典型病理特征包括肠黏膜结构破坏及炎性细胞浸润[16]。本研究,HE染色结果显示,Mod组小鼠结肠组织出现典型的腺体结构紊乱、杯状细胞减少及大量炎性细胞浸润;而AFMT干预后,上述病理损伤得到缓解,提示AFMT对结肠黏膜具有保护作用。进一步的16S rRNA测序分析表明,CAC的发生伴随着肠道菌群结构紊乱。而AFMT干预使菌群整体结构(β多样性分析)使其向正常状态回调,在目水平上,AFMT对CAC相关菌群失衡表现出一定的特异性调节作用,尤其是显著恢复了Lactobacillales的相对丰度。乳杆菌目作为重要的益生菌群,与肠道稳态及宿主健康密切相关[17]。既往研究表明,乳杆菌不仅能通过竞争性定植、增强肠道屏障功能来维持肠道稳定,其代谢产生的短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs),尤其是丁酸盐,还具有明确的抗炎及免疫调节作用,同时也在维护肠道稳态与屏障功能上发挥关键作用[18-19]。相反,乳杆菌丰度下降会削弱肠道黏膜免疫调节能力,促使炎症持续并形成有利于肿瘤发生的微环境[20-21]。此外,乳杆菌可降低肠上皮紧密连接的通透性,抑制NF-κB活化,从而减轻炎症反应[22]。因此,本研究中Lactobacillales的恢复可能是AFMT发挥保护作用的重要微生态基础。
NF-κB信号通路在连接慢性炎症与肿瘤发生的关键分子枢纽[23-24],其持续活化的NF-κB不仅上调TNF-α炎症因子的表达,形成促肿瘤微环境[25],还能与炎症因子本身TNF-α形成促进炎症持续扩大的正反馈循环,并参与T细胞免疫调节[26-27]。本研究发现Mod组结肠组织中NF-κB通路异常激活,而AFMT干预显著降低NF-κB通路异常激活,表现为p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值降低。本研究进一步发现Mod组血清中TNF-α显著升高,而AFMT干预后其显著降低。结合肠道菌群分析结果推测,AFMT可能通过恢复Lactobacillales的相对丰度,抑制NF-κB通路的过度激活,从而减少了TNF-α促炎因子的释放,阻断从慢性炎症到肿瘤的过程。
在免疫功能层面,本研究中,Mod组脾脏中CD8⁺ T细胞比例下降,Treg细胞比例升高,提示机体处于免疫抑制和肿瘤免疫逃逸状态,而经AFMT干预后逆转免疫失衡。已有研究表明,NF-κB信号通路在Treg的发育与功能维持中具有关键作用,其持续激活可促进Foxp3⁺ Treg细胞的增加[28]。Treg在肿瘤微环境中过度积累,会抑制CD8⁺ T细胞等效应T细胞的抗肿瘤免疫反应,从而促进肿瘤进展[29-30]。本研究中AFMT对T细胞比例的调节作用与CHEN等[31]报道的异体FMT干预,以及MAO等[10]使用特定益生菌在类似模型中得出的结果一致,提示不同来源的菌群调节可能共享部分免疫激活机制。因此,AFMT可能通过抑制NF-κB通路、降低TNF-α水平,改善微环境,最终调控了T细胞免疫平衡,恢复机体的抗肿瘤免疫监视功能。
本研究尚存在一些局限性:①目前结果主要基于动物实验,在推向临床应用时需评估其安全性。②样本量相对有限,可能影响结论的统计效力。③对机制的分析还局限于相关性层面,尚未能完全确立因果联系,未来研究有必要借助菌群定植等实验手段,进一步验证相关机制并明确其因果作用。④免疫分析仅聚焦脾脏中CD8⁺ T细胞与Treg细胞的比例变化,未检测其活化与功能状态;⑤未考察巨噬细胞、树突状细胞等其他关键免疫细胞,因此,AFMT重塑抗肿瘤免疫微环境的完整机制尚未完全阐明,有待未来通过流式细胞术、单细胞测序等技术在更广泛的细胞类型和功能层面进行深入解析。
综上所述,本研究表明AFMT可能通过恢复Lactobacillales的相对丰度,增强肠道屏障功能及产生有益代谢物(如SCFAs),抑制NF-κB通路过度激活,降低TNF-α的释放,改善T细胞平衡,降低Treg、提高CD8⁺ T细胞比例,重塑抗肿瘤免疫微环境,从而在CAC模型中发挥保护作用。本研究为AFMT的个体化干预策略提供了实验依据,并凸显其临床应用安全性。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511026
  • 接收时间:2025-11-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-05
  • 修回日期:2026-01-12
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    1河北工程大学 临床医学院,河北 邯郸
    2河北工程大学医学院 河北 邯郸
    3河北工程大学 老年病科,河北 邯郸
    4河北工程大学胃肠外科,河北 邯郸

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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