Article(id=1320435759916634255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320435745685360670, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512046, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765209600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-09, revisedDate=1766937600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792746017674, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746017674, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746017674, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746017674, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320435745685360670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='251', pageEnd='386', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746014281, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792749703323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320451218711892582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320435745685360670, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320451218711892583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320435745685360670, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=283, endPage=293, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320435760143126672, articleId=1320435759916634255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Establishment of an evaluation model for
Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein vaccines using MHC-Ⅰ humanized mice and transgenic plasmodium: Effective antibody responses but limited CD8⁺ T-cell responses, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To investigate whether the MHC-Ⅰ humanized mouse model (AAD mice) combined with the Plasmodium berghei transgenic strain expressing Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP,Pb-PfCSP) can be used to establish an evaluation model for PfCSP-based vaccines.
Methods AAD mice and C57BL/6J mice (6 to 8 weeks old, body weight 20 to 35 g, 4 mice per group) were challenged with graded doses (200, 500, and 1 000) of Pb-PfCSPsporozoites and wild-type P.berghei (Pb) sporozoites via tail vein injection. The susceptibility of the 2 mouse strains to Pb and Pb-PfCSP infection was compared by monitoring the onset time of erythrocytic-stage parasitemia and the dynamic changes in parasitemia levels. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the frequency and absolute number of major hepatic immune cell subsets in the 2 mouse strains, so as to preliminarily explore the potential mechanisms underlying the differential susceptibility to malaria parasites. For vaccine efficacy evaluation, 4 AAD mice per group were immunized with either CI-679-attenuated Pb-PfCSP sporozoite vaccine or LNP-encapsulated mRNA vaccine encoding PfCSP (PfCSP@LNP), with unimmunized AAD mice as the control group. After immunization, all mice were challenged with Pb-PfCSP sporozoites, and the protective efficacy was evaluated. The frequency and number of CSP-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in the liver were detected by flow cytometry, and CSP-specific antibody titers in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results Pb-PfCSP sporozoites at all tested doses successfully infected both AAD and C57BL/6J mice. Compared with C57BL/6J mice, AAD mice exhibited higher susceptibility to both Pb and Pb-PfCSP infection, as evidenced by earlier onset of erythrocytic-stage parasitemia and significantly higher parasitemia levels in the mid-stage of infection (P<0.05). Regardless of infection status, the frequency and absolute number of hepatic natural killer T (NKT) cells in AAD mice were significantly lower than those in C57BL/6J mice (P<0.05), which might be one of the reasons for the increased susceptibility of AAD mice to malaria parasite infection. After challenge with Pb-PfCSP sporozoites, PfCSP@LNP-immunized AAD mice exhibited delayed erythrocytic-stage parasitemia onset compared with the control group, and detectable titers of CSP-specific antibodies were observed in their serum; however, PfCSP-specific Trm cells were not detected in the liver. Similarly, AAD mice immunized with the nitroquine-attenuated Pb-PfCSP sporozoite vaccine only achieved a protective efficacy of 16.6%, and PfCSP-specific Trm cells were not detected either.
Conclusion The Pb-PfCSP-infected AAD mouse model can be used for evaluating the efficacy of PfCSP-based vaccines in inducing CSP-specific antibody responses. However, this model requires further optimization for assessing PfCSP-specific CD8+ T cell response induction.
, authors=Teyang LI, Shiming JIAO, Nie TAN, Yan DING, Taiping LIU, Wenyue XU, authorsList=Teyang LI, Shiming JIAO, Nie TAN, Yan DING, Taiping LIU, Wenyue XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenyue XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2026 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320435761372057754, articleId=1320435759916634255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=利用MHC-Ⅰ人源化小鼠与转基因疟原虫建立恶性疟原虫环子孢子蛋白疫苗评价模型:抗体应答有效而CD8⁺ T细胞应答受限, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 探究利用MHC-I类分子人源化小鼠(AAD小鼠)和表达恶性疟原虫(Plasmodium falciparum, Pf )环子孢子蛋白(circumsporozoite protein, CSP)的转基因伯氏疟原虫虫株(Pb-PfCSP)建立并评估PfCSP疫苗效果评价模型。
方法 采用尾静脉定量攻击不同剂量(200、500、1 000条)Pb-PfCSP子孢子与野生疟原虫(P.berghei, Pb)子孢子,观察其能否感染两种不同小鼠(C57BL/6J和AAD小鼠,6~8周龄,体质量为20~35 g),每组4只。同时通过检测AAD与C57BL/6J小鼠原虫血症出现时间及原虫率变化情况,比较两种小鼠分别对Pb和Pb-PfCSP的易感性。采用流式细胞术比较分析两种小鼠肝脏的主要免疫细胞频率与数量,初步探讨两种小鼠对不同疟原虫易感性差异的可能机制。采用硝喹(CI-679)减毒Pb-PfCSP子孢子疫苗和自主设计的PfCSP@LNP mRNA疫苗各免疫AAD小鼠作为免疫组小鼠(每组4只),并以未免疫的AAD小鼠作为对照组(每组4只),免疫完成后使用Pb-PfCSP子孢子攻击免疫小鼠,观察免疫保护效果,并通过流式细胞术检测CSP特异性组织驻留记忆性T细胞(tissue resident memory T cell, Trm)的频率与数量,采用ELISA检测CSP特异性抗体滴度,观察该疫苗能否有效诱导CSP特异性的抗体和Trm细胞的免疫应答。
结果 不同剂量Pb-PfCSP都能成功感染AAD和C57BL/6J小鼠,与C57BL/6J小鼠相比,AAD小鼠更易感染Pb和Pb-PfCSP,其易感性表现为红内期出现时间更早,在感染中期原虫血症更高(P<0.05);并且无论感染与否,AAD小鼠肝脏的NKT细胞频率与数量均显著少于C57BL/6J小鼠(P<0.05),这可能是AAD小鼠更易感染疟原虫的原因之一。PfCSP@LNP mRNA疫苗免疫AAD小鼠后,采用Pb-PfCSP子孢子攻击免疫小鼠后的红内期出现时间延后于对照组小鼠,血清中能检测到较高滴度的CSP特异性抗体,但在肝脏中未能检测到PfCSP特异性Trm。同样采用硝喹减毒Pb-PfCSP子孢子疫苗免疫AAD小鼠,其免疫组的保护效果也只有16.6%,且未能检测到PfCSP特异性Trm。
结论 AAD小鼠感染Pb-PfCSP虫株模型可用于评价PfCSP疫苗诱导产生PfCSP特异性抗体的效果,但用于评价疫苗诱导产生PfCSP特异性CD8+ T细胞应答方面该小鼠模型有待于进一步优化。
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2013,
110(15): 6055-6060., articleTitle=A T-cell response to a liver-stage
Plasmodium antigen is not boosted by repeated sporozoite immunizations, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320435763242717340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320435763251105949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, companyId=1320435763242717340, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320435763263688862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, companyId=1320435763242717340, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)基础医学院病原生物学教研室,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320435767978086598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Parasitemia progression in mouse strains infected with Pb-PfCSP or Pb parasites, figureFileSmall=yNCgnw76+m2oBivaUCqeAQ==, figureFileBig=SwX1DzC2YNFAmreMCEBHHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435768036806855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
Pb-PfCSP与Pb虫株感染各种小鼠的感染情况a:P<0.05, b:P<0.01,compared with C57BL/BJ mice at the same time A: Genotype of AAD mice; B: Genotype of Pb-PfCSP parasites; C: Onset time of parasitemia in C57BL/6J and AAD mice following quantitative challenge with 200, 500, or 1 000 Pb-PfCSP SPZ; D: Onset time of parasitemia in C57BL/6J and AAD mice following quantitative challenge with 200, 500, or 1 000 Pb SPZ; E,F: Parasitemia in AAD and C57BL/6J mice following challenge with 200 SPZ of Pb or Pb-PfCSP parasites
, figureFileSmall=yNCgnw76+m2oBivaUCqeAQ==, figureFileBig=SwX1DzC2YNFAmreMCEBHHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435768217161928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Changes in the frequency and number of immune cells in naïve mice and Plasmodium infection models, figureFileSmall=aQUcVb9Qq8s2haYdWxo6Ig==, figureFileBig=kGOnv3Tx6foiz7XMw21mQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435768284270793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
在naïve小鼠与各疟原虫感染模型中免疫细胞频率与数量变化A: Gating strategy for various immune cells in naïve mice;B: Frequency of various immune cells in naïve mice;C: Number of various immune cells in naïve mice;D: Gating strategy for various immune cells in infected mice;E: Frequency of various immune cells in Pb-PfCSP-infected mice;F: Number of various immune cells in Pb-PfCSP-infected mice
, figureFileSmall=aQUcVb9Qq8s2haYdWxo6Ig==, figureFileBig=kGOnv3Tx6foiz7XMw21mQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435768351379658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Characteristics of humoral immune responses and CD8+ T cells induced by PfCSP@LNP mRNA vaccine in AAD mice, figureFileSmall=wLdy4uEkct1LAYhdZvCoFg==, figureFileBig=N414GVXmOh1H0ijk5ZRwWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435768426877131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
PfCSP@LNP mRNA 疫苗在 AAD 小鼠中诱导的体液免疫应答和CD8+T 细胞特征a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01,compared with the Control group A: SPZ challenge efficacy after vaccine immunization; B: Onset time of parasitemia following mRNA vaccination; C: OD values of specific antibodies after multiple gradient dilutions; D: Flow cytometry gating strategy;E:CD8+ T cell frequency; F: CD8+ T cell absolute number; G:PfPEN+ CD8+ T cell frequency; H: PfPEN+ CD8+ T cell absolute number; I: PfPEN+ Trm cell frequency; J: PfPEN+ Trm cell absolute number
, figureFileSmall=wLdy4uEkct1LAYhdZvCoFg==, figureFileBig=N414GVXmOh1H0ijk5ZRwWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435768506568908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Post-immunization detection of humoral and cellular immunity to nitroquine-attenuated sporozoite vaccine in AAD mice, figureFileSmall=C0duujkF4oPQClJELs0XuQ==, figureFileBig=rVzaQ5OBSbIrZ0IgfMST5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435768577872077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
AAD小鼠建立硝喹减毒子孢子疫苗模型免疫后检测结果A:Protection after attenuated sporozoite vaccine immunization; B: Cell gating strategy; C: CD8+ T cell frequency; D:CD8+ T cell absolute number; E:PfPEN+ CD8+ T cell frequency; F: PfPEN+ CD8+ T cell absolute number; G:PfPEN+ Trm cell frequency; H: PfPEN+ Trm cell absolute number
, figureFileSmall=C0duujkF4oPQClJELs0XuQ==, figureFileBig=rVzaQ5OBSbIrZ0IgfMST5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435768657563854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Major antibodies for flow cytometry
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Cell types | Required flow cytometry antibodies |
|---|
| Naïve CD4+ T cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,CD4-FITC |
| Naïve CD8+ T cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,CD8α-BV786 |
| Naïve NKT cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,NK1.1-PE |
| Active CD4+ T cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,CD4-APC,CD11a-FITC |
| Active CD8+ T cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,CD8α-PerCPCy5.5 CD11a-FITC |
| Active NKT cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,NK1.1-PE,CD11a-FITC |
| PfPEN+ Trm | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,BV786-CD8α,PE-CD69,CD44-BV421,Alexa Fluor 700-CD62L,PEN-APC |
), ArticleFig(id=1320435768754032847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435759916634255, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
流式细胞术检测使用的主要抗体
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Cell types | Required flow cytometry antibodies |
|---|
| Naïve CD4+ T cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,CD4-FITC |
| Naïve CD8+ T cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,CD8α-BV786 |
| Naïve NKT cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,NK1.1-PE |
| Active CD4+ T cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,CD4-APC,CD11a-FITC |
| Active CD8+ T cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,CD8α-PerCPCy5.5 CD11a-FITC |
| Active NKT cell | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,NK1.1-PE,CD11a-FITC |
| PfPEN+ Trm | L/D-APC-Cy7,CD3-BV510,BV786-CD8α,PE-CD69,CD44-BV421,Alexa Fluor 700-CD62L,PEN-APC |
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