Article(id=1320442377899196758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320442360509616480, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601039, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768233600000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-13, revisedDate=1770739200000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792747595523, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747595523, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747595523, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747595523, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320442360509616480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='9', pageStart='1129', pageEnd='1288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747591378, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792749835358, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320451772548760069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320442360509616480, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320451772548760070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320442360509616480, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1282, endPage=1288, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320442378125689175, articleId=1320442377899196758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Impact of subjective cognitive decline on frailty in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome: the parallel mediating effects of physical activity and depression, columnId=1320435226828980311, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Medical Psychology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Elderly patients with metabolic syndrome often present with concurrent subjective cognitive decline and frailty, yet the underlying mechanisms linking these conditions remain unclear. This study aims to explore the parallel mediating effects of physical activity levels and depression on the relationship between subjective cognitive decline and frailty in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome, identify potential pathways and key factors through which subjective cognitive decline influences frailty, and provide evidence to support the development of intervention strategies.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 348 hospitalized elderly patients with metabolic syndrome admitted to 10 internal medicine departments (including Respiratory Medicine, Neurology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, and Cardiology) in Daping Hospital of Army Medical University from June to December 2024. Subjective cognitive decline was assessed using the Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCD-Q9), depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 10 (CES-D 10), frailty using the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of Weight (FRAIL) Scale, and physical activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation coefficients between frailty, subjective cognitive decline, depression, and physical activity levels. The Process macro in SPSS 27.0 was used to construct the mediation effect model.

Results

Subjective cognitive decline was positively correlated with depression (r=0.210, P<0.001) and frailty (r=0.275, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with physical activity levels (r=-0.199, P<0.001). Physical activity levels were negatively correlated with frailty (r=-0.228, P<0.001), and frailty was positively correlated with depression (r=0.251, P<0.001). Physical activity levels and depression exerted parallel mediating effects between subjective cognitive decline and frailty, with effect values of 0.009 (95%CI: 0.003 to 0.017) and 0.012 (95%CI: 0.004 to 0.021), accounting for 12.50% and 16.67% of the total effect, respectively.

Conclusion

Physical activity levels and depression play parallel mediating roles between subjective cognitive decline and frailty in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome. Clinicians should emphasize screening for subjective cognitive decline in these patients. And interventions aimed at enhancing physical activity and targeting depressive symptoms may help delay frailty progression and improve quality of life.

, authors=Nuoyi WU1, Yuanchun XU2, Yinyu WU3, Wei CAO4, Juan LIU1, Yaling WANG4, authorsList=Nuoyi WU, Yuanchun XU, Yinyu WU, Wei CAO, Juan LIU, Yaling WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yaling WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2026 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320442378893246810, articleId=1320442377899196758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=主观认知下降对老年代谢综合征患者衰弱的影响:体力活动与抑郁的平行中介作用, columnId=1320435226988363865, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·医学心理研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

老年代谢综合征患者常伴有主观认知下降与衰弱,但二者关联机制不明。通过探讨体力活动水平和抑郁在老年代谢综合征患者主观认知下降和衰弱间的平行中介作用,明确主观认知下降影响衰弱的可能路径及关键因素,为制定干预策略提供依据。

方法

采用横断面研究设计方案,纳入2024年6—12月陆军军医大学大坪医院呼吸内科、神经内科、高血压内分泌科、心内科等10个内科科室住院的老年代谢综合征患者共348例,采用主观认知下降问卷(Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire,SCD-Q9)、流调中心抑郁量表(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 10,CES-D 10)、疲乏、阻力、行走能力、疾病、体质量减轻量表(Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of Weight Scale,FRAIL Scale)、国际体力活动问卷简版(International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form,IPAQ-SF)进行测评,采用Pearson相关分析患者衰弱、主观认知下降与抑郁、体力活动水平的相关性,应用SPSS 27.0中的Process宏程序构建中介效应模型。

结果

老年代谢综合征患者的主观认知下降与抑郁、衰弱呈正相关(r=0.210,r=0.275;P<0.001),与体力活动水平呈负相关(r=-0.199,P<0.001);体力活动水平与衰弱呈负相关(r=-0.228,P<0.001);衰弱与抑郁呈正相关(r=0.251,P<0.001)。体力活动水平和抑郁在主观认知下降和衰弱之间起平行中介作用,效应值分别为0.009(95%CI:0.003~0.017)、0.012(95%CI:0.004~0.021),效应占比为12.50%、16.67%。

结论

体力活动水平和抑郁在老年代谢综合征患者主观认知下降和衰弱间发挥平行中介作用,临床中应重视老年代谢综合征患者的主观认知下降筛查,通过指导患者提升体力活动水平、针对性干预抑郁症状,延缓衰弱进程,提高其生命质量。

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王亚玲, E-mail:
WANG Yaling,E-mail:
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a:P<0.001,b:P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=XXrKdosUxFW/nGePSZjtXg==, figureFileBig=jdbwtH5Tz6s6iDLjSws3/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320442386006786449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320442377899196758, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of frailty occurrence in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome [n=348, n(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesHealth group(n=65)Pre-frailty group(n=171)Frailty group(n=112)χ2/HP
Physical activity level19.515<0.001
Low30(46.2)96(56.1)85(75.9)
Medium31(47.7)68(39.8)26(23.2)
High4(6.1)7(4.1)1(0.9)
Depression1(1,4)3(1,6)5(2,7)27.599<0.001
Number of diseases3(2,3)3(2,4)3(3,4)23.311<0.001
Subjective cognitive decline3.5(1.3,5.5)5.5(2.5,7.0)6.25(4.5,7.5)24.971<0.001
Sedentary time4(3,6)4.5(3,6)6(4,8)19.797<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320442386086478226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320442377899196758, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老年MS患者衰弱发生的单因素分析[n=348, 例(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesHealth group(n=65)Pre-frailty group(n=171)Frailty group(n=112)χ2/HP
Physical activity level19.515<0.001
Low30(46.2)96(56.1)85(75.9)
Medium31(47.7)68(39.8)26(23.2)
High4(6.1)7(4.1)1(0.9)
Depression1(1,4)3(1,6)5(2,7)27.599<0.001
Number of diseases3(2,3)3(2,4)3(3,4)23.311<0.001
Subjective cognitive decline3.5(1.3,5.5)5.5(2.5,7.0)6.25(4.5,7.5)24.971<0.001
Sedentary time4(3,6)4.5(3,6)6(4,8)19.797<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320442386161975699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320442377899196758, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of subjective cognitive decline, physical activity level, depression, and frailty in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesSubjective cognitive declinePhysical activity levelDepressionFrailty
Subjective cognitive decline1.000---
Physical activity level-0.199a1.000--
Depression0.210a0.0111.000-
Frailty0.275a-0.228a0.251a1.000
a:P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320442386245861780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320442377899196758, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

老年患者SCD、体力活动水平、抑郁、衰弱的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesSubjective cognitive declinePhysical activity levelDepressionFrailty
Subjective cognitive decline1.000---
Physical activity level-0.199a1.000--
Depression0.210a0.0111.000-
Frailty0.275a-0.228a0.251a1.000
a:P<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320442386325553557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320442377899196758, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression analysis of mediating effects between physical activity level and depression on subjective cognitive decline and frailty in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Outcome variablePredictor variableRR2Fβt
DepressionSubjective cognitive decline0.2140.0464.135b0.2043.776a
Gender0.0400.702
Education-0.020-0.372
Marriage-0.026-0.472
Physical activity levelSubjective cognitive decline0.2500.0635.734a-0.172-3.215b
Gender-0.148-2.607b
Education-0.001-0.021
Marriage-0.021-0.382
FrailtySubjective cognitive decline0.3880.15010.053a0.1893.565a
Depression0.2124.132a
Physical activity level-0.190-3.679a
Gender0.0220.398
Education-0.013-0.248
Marriage-0.013-0.252
a: P<0.001, b: P<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1320442386392662422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320442377899196758, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

体力活动水平和抑郁在老年MS患者SCD和衰弱间的中介效应的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Outcome variablePredictor variableRR2Fβt
DepressionSubjective cognitive decline0.2140.0464.135b0.2043.776a
Gender0.0400.702
Education-0.020-0.372
Marriage-0.026-0.472
Physical activity levelSubjective cognitive decline0.2500.0635.734a-0.172-3.215b
Gender-0.148-2.607b
Education-0.001-0.021
Marriage-0.021-0.382
FrailtySubjective cognitive decline0.3880.15010.053a0.1893.565a
Depression0.2124.132a
Physical activity level-0.190-3.679a
Gender0.0220.398
Education-0.013-0.248
Marriage-0.013-0.252
a: P<0.001, b: P<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1320442386505908631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320442377899196758, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediating effects of physical activity levels and depression on subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and frailty in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Model pathEffectSE95%CIEffect proportion/%
Indirect effect0.0210.0060.011-0.03329.17
SCD-Depression-Frailty0.0120.0040.004-0.02116.67
SCD-Physical activity level-Frailty0.0090.0040.003-0.01712.50
Direct effect0.0510.0140.023-0.08070.83
Total effect0.0720.0140.044-0.100100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320442386581406104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320442377899196758, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

体力活动水平和抑郁在老年MS患者SCD和衰弱间的中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Model pathEffectSE95%CIEffect proportion/%
Indirect effect0.0210.0060.011-0.03329.17
SCD-Depression-Frailty0.0120.0040.004-0.02116.67
SCD-Physical activity level-Frailty0.0090.0040.003-0.01712.50
Direct effect0.0510.0140.023-0.08070.83
Total effect0.0720.0140.044-0.100100.00
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吴诺一 1 , 徐元春 2 , 吴银雨 3 , 曹薇 4 , 刘娟 1 , 王亚玲 4
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·医学心理研究 2026,48(9): 1282-1288
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·医学心理研究 2026 , 48 (9) : 1282 -1288
主观认知下降对老年代谢综合征患者衰弱的影响:体力活动与抑郁的平行中介作用
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吴诺一1, 徐元春2, 吴银雨3, 曹薇4, 刘娟1, 王亚玲4
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院:特勤医学科,重庆
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院:神经外科,重庆
  • 3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院:麻醉科,重庆
  • 4陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院:护理部,重庆
通讯作者:
王亚玲, E-mail:
WANG Yaling,E-mail:
Impact of subjective cognitive decline on frailty in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome: the parallel mediating effects of physical activity and depression
Nuoyi WU1, Yuanchun XU2, Yinyu WU3, Wei CAO4, Juan LIU1, Yaling WANG4
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Special Medical Service, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
  • 2Department of Neurosurgery, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
  • 3Department of Anesthesiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
  • 4Department of Nursing, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601039
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目的

老年代谢综合征患者常伴有主观认知下降与衰弱,但二者关联机制不明。通过探讨体力活动水平和抑郁在老年代谢综合征患者主观认知下降和衰弱间的平行中介作用,明确主观认知下降影响衰弱的可能路径及关键因素,为制定干预策略提供依据。

方法

采用横断面研究设计方案,纳入2024年6—12月陆军军医大学大坪医院呼吸内科、神经内科、高血压内分泌科、心内科等10个内科科室住院的老年代谢综合征患者共348例,采用主观认知下降问卷(Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire,SCD-Q9)、流调中心抑郁量表(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 10,CES-D 10)、疲乏、阻力、行走能力、疾病、体质量减轻量表(Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of Weight Scale,FRAIL Scale)、国际体力活动问卷简版(International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form,IPAQ-SF)进行测评,采用Pearson相关分析患者衰弱、主观认知下降与抑郁、体力活动水平的相关性,应用SPSS 27.0中的Process宏程序构建中介效应模型。

结果

老年代谢综合征患者的主观认知下降与抑郁、衰弱呈正相关(r=0.210,r=0.275;P<0.001),与体力活动水平呈负相关(r=-0.199,P<0.001);体力活动水平与衰弱呈负相关(r=-0.228,P<0.001);衰弱与抑郁呈正相关(r=0.251,P<0.001)。体力活动水平和抑郁在主观认知下降和衰弱之间起平行中介作用,效应值分别为0.009(95%CI:0.003~0.017)、0.012(95%CI:0.004~0.021),效应占比为12.50%、16.67%。

结论

体力活动水平和抑郁在老年代谢综合征患者主观认知下降和衰弱间发挥平行中介作用,临床中应重视老年代谢综合征患者的主观认知下降筛查,通过指导患者提升体力活动水平、针对性干预抑郁症状,延缓衰弱进程,提高其生命质量。

老年代谢综合征  /  衰弱  /  抑郁  /  主观认知下降  /  体力活动水平
Objective

Elderly patients with metabolic syndrome often present with concurrent subjective cognitive decline and frailty, yet the underlying mechanisms linking these conditions remain unclear. This study aims to explore the parallel mediating effects of physical activity levels and depression on the relationship between subjective cognitive decline and frailty in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome, identify potential pathways and key factors through which subjective cognitive decline influences frailty, and provide evidence to support the development of intervention strategies.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 348 hospitalized elderly patients with metabolic syndrome admitted to 10 internal medicine departments (including Respiratory Medicine, Neurology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, and Cardiology) in Daping Hospital of Army Medical University from June to December 2024. Subjective cognitive decline was assessed using the Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCD-Q9), depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 10 (CES-D 10), frailty using the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of Weight (FRAIL) Scale, and physical activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation coefficients between frailty, subjective cognitive decline, depression, and physical activity levels. The Process macro in SPSS 27.0 was used to construct the mediation effect model.

Results

Subjective cognitive decline was positively correlated with depression (r=0.210, P<0.001) and frailty (r=0.275, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with physical activity levels (r=-0.199, P<0.001). Physical activity levels were negatively correlated with frailty (r=-0.228, P<0.001), and frailty was positively correlated with depression (r=0.251, P<0.001). Physical activity levels and depression exerted parallel mediating effects between subjective cognitive decline and frailty, with effect values of 0.009 (95%CI: 0.003 to 0.017) and 0.012 (95%CI: 0.004 to 0.021), accounting for 12.50% and 16.67% of the total effect, respectively.

Conclusion

Physical activity levels and depression play parallel mediating roles between subjective cognitive decline and frailty in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome. Clinicians should emphasize screening for subjective cognitive decline in these patients. And interventions aimed at enhancing physical activity and targeting depressive symptoms may help delay frailty progression and improve quality of life.

geriatric metabolic syndrome  /  frailty  /  depression  /  subjective cognitive decline  /  physical activity level
吴诺一, 徐元春, 吴银雨, 曹薇, 刘娟, 王亚玲. 主观认知下降对老年代谢综合征患者衰弱的影响:体力活动与抑郁的平行中介作用. 陆军军医大学学报, 2026 , 48 (9) : 1282 -1288 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601039
Nuoyi WU, Yuanchun XU, Yinyu WU, Wei CAO, Juan LIU, Yaling WANG. Impact of subjective cognitive decline on frailty in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome: the parallel mediating effects of physical activity and depression[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2026 , 48 (9) : 1282 -1288 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601039
随着全球老龄化加速,衰弱已经成为老年医学领域研究的热点问题。衰弱是指老年人的一种非特异性状态,其特征为生理储备能力下降,导致对外界刺激的易感性增加及抗应激能力减退[1]。大量研究表明,衰弱与多种不良结局密切相关,包括生活质量下降[2]、跌倒、慢性病发生[3]、住院风险增加[4]和死亡等,严重影响老年人的健康状况及生存质量。
代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)是一组表现为高血压、高血糖、血脂异常和腹部肥胖的临床症候群[5],与心血管疾病发生和相关死亡率密切相关[6]。我国2013年的调查数据显示,老年人MS患病率已达36.9%[7],且目前仍呈持续上升趋势。MS与衰弱发生之间存在密切关联,其核心特征如胰岛素抵抗和肥胖等,可能通过加速肌肉功能衰退和身体能力的下降,从而推动衰弱的进展[8]。
主观认知下降(subjective cognitive decline,SCD)指个体自身感觉的认知功能水平相较以往水平的下降,而神经心理评估结果仍在正常范围内,即未达到轻度认知障碍或阿尔茨海默病的诊断标准[9]。既往研究表明,认知障碍和衰弱之间存在复杂的双向因果关系[10],而SCD作为认知障碍的早期表现,其与衰弱的关联值得进一步探讨。
抑郁是老年人常见的心理障碍之一,国外多项研究均表明,抑郁不仅与衰弱[11]存在强相关性,还与认知功能下降[12]密切关联。同时,SCD、体力活动水平与抑郁三者之间存在紧密的交互联系,且均被证实是影响衰弱发生发展的重要因素。
近年来老年人衰弱研究逐渐增多,但现有研究多局限在影响因素分析和路径探索,而改善老年患者衰弱状态的策略仍是当前研究的重点和难点。因此,本研究旨在探讨体力活动水平和抑郁在老年MS患者SCD和衰弱之间的中介效应,为制定老年MS患者衰弱干预方案提供理论依据与实践借鉴。
本研究为横断面研究,采用便利抽样法纳入2024年6—12月陆军军医大学大坪医院呼吸内科、神经内科、高血压内分泌科、心内科等10个内科科室住院的老年MS患者为研究对象。纳入标准:①年龄≥60岁。②诊断为MS的住院患者,MS判定采用中华医学会糖尿病分会的诊断标准[13],具有以下3项及以上特征者即为MS患者,a.中心性肥胖,男性腰围≥90 cm、女性腰围≥85 cm;b.高血压,血压≥130/85 mmHg和(或)已确诊为高血压并治疗者;c.高血糖,空腹血糖≥6.1 mmol/L或糖负荷后2 h血糖≥7.8 mmol/L和(或)已确诊为糖尿病并治疗者;d.空腹TG≥1.70 mmol/L;e.空腹HDL-C<1.04 mmol/L。③意识清楚,能配合交流。排除标准:①严重心肺功能衰竭;②拒绝参与者。拟采用回归分析方法了解衰弱的相关影响因素,初步确定拟纳入回归因素个数为5个,分别是疾病数量、久坐时间、体力活动水平、抑郁和SCD,其中体力活动分为3组,合计7层,根据每变量事件数(events per variable,EPV)≥10法则,所需纳入分析的最小样本量为70例[14]。本研究已获得陆军特色医学中心伦理委员会审批[医研伦审(2025)第69号],并已在中国临床试验注册中心注册(ChiCTR2500100605),所有患者知情同意并自愿参与本研究。
该调查表为本课题组自行编制,主要包括姓名、性别、教育水平、婚姻状况、疾病数量等基本资料。
SCD-Q9由GIFFORD等[15]编制。该问卷包含2个维度:整体的记忆能力和日常活动能力;共9个条目,采用二分类或三分类两种选项,回答“是”或“否”计1分或0分,回答“经常”“偶尔”“从未”依次计1分、0.5分、0分。总分0~9分,所有条目采用正向计分,得分越高,认知障碍的可能性越大,>5分为存在SCD。本研究中的Cronbach’s α系数为0.849。
CES-D 10评估过去一周抑郁症状的频率[16]。该量表包含10个条目,其中“我对未来充满希望。”和“我很愉快。”2项进行反向计分,每个条目为0~3分,总分为0~30分,得分越高,抑郁程度越严重,本研究中将≥10分评定为有抑郁症状,<10分为无抑郁。本研究中的Cronbach’s α系数为0.783。
采用FRAIL量表进行衰弱诊断[17],该量表适用于临床衰弱人群的筛查,包括5个条目:①疲乏;②阻力增加/耐力减退;③自由活动下降;④疾病情况;⑤体质量下降。3条及以上被诊断为衰弱;1~<3条为衰弱前期;0条为健康。本研究中的Cronbach’s α系数为0.825。
IPAQ-SF[18]包括7个问题,并依据不同的体力活动时间和活动频率,计算公式为:单项活动每周运动量(MET·min/周)=MET赋值×每周频率(d/周)×每天时间(min/d)。其中低强度体力活动赋值为3.3 MET,中等强度体力活动赋值为4.0 MET,高强度体力活动赋值为8.0 MET,这3种强度的体力活动水平相加即为总代谢值;1 MET=14.6 kJ/(kg·h)。根据个体体力活动水平分类标准,将其体力活动水平分为低、中、高体力活动组。本研究中的Cronbach’s α系数为0.766。
久坐行为是指任何在坐姿、半卧或卧姿下进行的清醒活动,其能量消耗较低(≤1.5 MET)[19]。本研究将每日久坐时间≥6 h定义为存在久坐行为。
成立研究小组,统一培训调查员,完成考核后开展研究。调查前对研究对象说明研究目的与研究意义,并获得知情同意。调查采用手机“问卷星”进行,一对一进行指导填写,保证问卷的完整性与有效性。资料收集后由研究人员进行复核查对并导出数据,共完成资料收集348份。
采用SPSS 27.0进行统计学分析,满足正态分布的连续变量以x¯±s表示,不满足正态分布的连续变量以M(P25,P75)表示,组间比较采用方差分析或者Kruskal-Wallis检验,计数资料采用频数(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验,相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析,采用Harman单因素检验法进行共同方法偏差检验,中介效应采用SPSS 27.0宏程序Process 4.1的Model 4进行构建,并通过Bootstrap抽样法进行检验。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
本研究共纳入348名老年MS患者,单因素分析结果显示,疾病数量、久坐时间、体力活动水平、抑郁、SCD对老年MS患者衰弱发生具有统计学意义(P<0.001),体力活动水平越低、抑郁得分越高、疾病数量越多、久坐时间越长,患者越容易发生衰弱(表1)。
老年MS患者衰弱得分为(1.84±1.37)分,其中衰弱有112例(32.2%),衰弱前期有171例(49.1%),健康有65例(18.7%)。抑郁得分为(4.16±3.50)分,其中有抑郁30例(8.6%),无抑郁318例(91.4%)。SCD得分为(4.90±2.58)分,其中存在SCD有176例(50.6%),无SCD有172例(49.4%)。老年MS患者低体力活动组有211例(60.6%),中体力活动组有125例(35.9%),高体力活动组有12例(3.4%)。
Pearson相关性分析结果显示,老年MS患者的SCD与抑郁、衰弱呈正相关,与体力活动水平呈负相关;体力活动水平与衰弱呈负相关;衰弱与抑郁呈正相关(表2)。
本研究采用Harman单因素检验法进行共同方法偏差检验,结果显示,有10个因子的特征根>1。其中,第一个因子的方差解释率是17.51%(<40%的临界标准),表明本研究不存在共同方法偏差问题。
所有数据先进行标准化处理,然后采用SPSS宏程序Process 4.1的Model 4分别对体力活动水平和抑郁在老年MS患者SCD和衰弱间的中介效应进行检验。为排除人口学混杂因素对变量造成的干扰影响,以性别、教育水平、婚姻为控制变量,SCD为自变量,体力活动水平和抑郁为中介变量,衰弱为因变量纳入中介效应模型中。结果显示,SCD正向预测抑郁(β=0.204,P<0.001)、衰弱(β=0.189,P<0.001),负向预测体力活动水平(β=-0.172,P<0.05);抑郁正向预测衰弱(β=0.212,P<0.001);体力活动水平负向预测衰弱(β=-0.190,P<0.001)。回归分析见表3,关系模式图见图1。
Bootstrap中介效应检验结果显示,在SCD和衰弱之间的中介效应模型中,体力活动水平和抑郁起到了部分中介作用,因此体力活动水平和抑郁在SCD和衰弱之间起平行中介作用。2条中介路径分别为:路径1,SCD-抑郁-衰弱,效应占比为16.67%;路径2,SCD-体力活动水平-衰弱,效应占比为12.5%。95%CI均不包括0,表明2条路径的间接中介效应均显著。本研究中直接效应占总效应的70.83%,总间接效应占总效应的29.17%(表4)。
本研究中,老年MS患者衰弱率为32.2%,明显高于普通老年住院患者[20]。既往研究中,老年住院患者衰弱率为22.6%,社区老年人衰弱率为12.8%,养老院老年人衰弱患病率为44.3%。国内外多项研究发现MS确实会增加患者衰弱的风险[21],这可能与MS的2个主要特征——胰岛素抵抗以及C-反应蛋白水平的增高有关[22]。同时衰弱也会增加MS患者发生不良结局的风险[23],国内外针对衰弱和MS对患者死亡率的影响的研究中,结果发现只有衰弱与死亡率增加有关,而MS与死亡率无关[24]。因此,重点监测MS患者的衰弱状态很有必要,提前制定有效的预防措施,延缓衰弱的发展,进而避免患者不良结局的发生。
本研究中老年MS患者SCD占50.6%,低体力活动组占60.6%,抑郁占8.6%。多项研究表明MS与抑郁之间存在双向的关联作用,与相互联系的病理生理机制和不良的生活方式有关[25]。本研究中患者SCD水平(50.6%)高于北京某社区老年人[26]的调查研究(32.9%)及广州某养老机构[27]的调查报告(40.57%)。关于MS与SCD的关系,国内研究结果并不一致,LIU等[28]认为患有MS的患者更容易发生认知损伤,而LIU等[29]认为晚年患有MS对认知具有一定的保护作用。
结果发现,SCD对衰弱存在显著的正向预测作用,即患者SCD得分越高,越容易发生衰弱,这与既往研究[30]的结果一致,同时也有研究认为衰弱会对SCD产生积极的影响作用。二者间有共同的危险因素,包括高龄、低教育程度和肾功能受损[31]。SCD涵盖2个维度:整体的记忆能力和日常活动能力,而衰弱患者表现出躯体衰弱(如日常活动能力下降)与心理衰弱(如记忆能力减退)的双重特征,这两方面可能在多个维度上相互作用。因此,衰弱和SCD可能同时发生并相互影响,未来需要更多研究深入探讨二者间的时间顺序。同时,医护人员应密切观察患者的认知功能和衰弱状况,尽早识别并预防患者SCD和衰弱的发生。
研究结果显示,体力活动水平在老年MS患者SCD和衰弱间发挥中介作用,即SCD通过降低体力活动水平,从而促进衰弱的发生。多项研究表明低体力活动是患者SCD的危险因素,而患者出现认知衰退后,记忆力减退、健康意识淡薄,会进一步导致体力活动水平的降低[32]。而体力活动水平越低,患者越容易发生衰弱。既往研究已证实,体力活动水平与衰弱呈负相关[33],衰弱的核心病理学基础是肌少症,其特征是肌肉质量、肌肉力量和身体功能下降。患者因身体活动量减少导致肌肉萎缩,且肌肉功能持续衰退,从而增加衰弱发生风险。衰弱的重要病理生理机制是炎症反应,而体力活动可有效降低全身炎症水平,体力活动水平越高,患者运动能力越好,跌倒风险越小,也有助于避免衰弱的发生发展。因此,应该鼓励老年人积极进行适量的体力活动,协助患者养成运动锻炼的习惯,这对减少衰弱的发生很有必要。
研究结果显示,抑郁在老年MS患者SCD和衰弱间发挥中介作用,即患者SCD水平越高,抑郁得分越高,患者也更容易发生衰弱。先前的研究发现,抑郁是认知功能下降的重要预测因子[34],同时认知功能较差的老年人会面临更高的抑郁风险[35]。认知下降与抑郁常常同时发生,相互影响。二者间的影响机制目前尚不清楚,炎症可能是SCD和抑郁的共同病理途径[36]。抑郁的老年人更容易发生衰弱,这与既往研究[37]结果一致。抑郁导致机体衰弱的机制可能与两种疾病共有的病理生理基础有关,例如慢性炎症、血管病变、脑白质病变。抑郁作为一种负性情绪,会导致患者情绪低落,体力活动减少,社交欲望丧失,会进一步导致患者衰弱的发展与生命质量的降低。因此,医护人员要重点关注老年患者的心理健康,及时发现心理变化并干预疏导,以改善抑郁症状,延缓衰弱的发生。
综上,本研究针对老年MS患者,探讨了SCD、体力活动水平、抑郁与衰弱之间的关系与作用路径,这为制定改善衰弱状态的干预措施提供了理论依据。同时,本研究存在一定局限性:①由于本研究为单中心横断面调查,采用便利抽样法,可能存在选择偏倚,未来可扩大样本来源、采用多中心或随机抽样方法,进一步提高结果的可靠性与普适性;②横断面调查无法确定变量间因果顺序,未来可以采用队列研究或随机对照试验的方法,进一步探讨SCD与衰弱的相互影响路径。

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2026年第48卷第9期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601039
  • 接收时间:2026-01-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-13
  • 修回日期:2026-02-11
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院:特勤医学科,重庆
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院:神经外科,重庆
    3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院:麻醉科,重庆
    4陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院:护理部,重庆

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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