Article(id=1320441029153632652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320441010094715145, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512128, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766937600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-29, revisedDate=1768838400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792747273958, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1774800000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747273958, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747273958, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747273958, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320441010094715145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='6', pageStart='663', pageEnd='830', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774800000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747269413, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792749761919, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320451464481321472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320441010094715145, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320451464481321473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320441010094715145, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=722, endPage=732, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320441029380125069, articleId=1320441029153632652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=TRPV4 deficiency exacerbates colorectal cancer progression in mice by remodeling gut microbiota and promoting secretion of inflammatory factors, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Host genes regulate the composition and function of gut microbiota, thereby influencing the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to investigate the mechanisms by which host gene TRPV4 deficiency exacerbates CRC in mice through remodeling gut microbiota and promoting inflammatory cytokine secretion.

Methods

TRPV4 knockout (TRPV4-/-) mice were used to establish a CRC mouse model induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and azoxymethane (AOM). Male TRPV4-/- and wild-type mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were stratified by body weight and randomly divided into TRPV4-/- group (n=7) and WT group (n=7). The mouse model of CRC was established through a single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg AOM on day 1 of week 1; from day 7, drinking water containing 1.5% DSS for 7 consecutive days, followed by 2 weeks of regular water, with this DSS treatment cycle being repeated for 3 times; a second intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg AOM on day 1 of week 6. CRC progression was assessed with tumor number, size, burden, colon length, spleen weight, colonic morphology (HE staining) and pathological score, and immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Additionally, male TRPV4-/- and wild-type mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were stratified by body weight and randomly divided into antibiotic cocktail (ABX)-TRPV4-/- group (n=5) and ABX-WT group (n=5). The ABX mixture was used to deplete the gut microbiota to evaluate the microbiota-dependent effects of TRPV4 on CRC. Fecal samples were collected from the TRPV4-/- group (n=19) and WT group (n=21) before modeling, and then subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the effect of TRPV4 gene on mouse gut microbiota. RNA sequencing was performed on mouse colonic tissue; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was used to examine enrichment of differentially expressed genes, and fecal bacteria-cell co-incubation experiments were conducted in vitro.

Results

The TRPV4-/- group exhibited significantly increased tumor incidence (P=0.037 9), tumor burden (P=0.000 3), histopathological score (P<0.000 1), and PCNA-positive rate (P<0.000 1), and shorter colon length (P=0.001 2) compared with the WT group. After ABX treatment, no significant differences were observed between the TRPV4-/- group and WT group in tumor incidence, tumor burden, colon length, histopathological score, or PCNA positive rate (P>0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that TRPV4 deficiency reshaped the gut microbiota structure, with significant differences in β diversity between the TRPV4-/- and WT groups (P=0.001) and distinct microbiota composition profiles. Colon tissue RNA-seq results revealed 218 significantly upregulated and 152 downregulated genes in TRPV4-/- mice. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in cytokine signaling pathways and TNF signaling pathways. In vitro co-incubation results demonstrated that the transcription levels of TNF-α (P<0.000 1), IL-1β (P<0.000 1), and IL-23 (P<0.000 1) were significantly upregulated in TRPV4-/- microbiota-cell co-cultures.

Conclusion

The gut microecology formed by TRPV4 deficiency may exacerbate CRC by promoting the secretion of inflammation-related cytokines.

, authors=Yunxuan FENG, Xiaojie FENG, Lulu CHENG, Yingjie WANG, Jiao JIANG, Changqi XI, Xiang WANG, Fen XU, Bo TANG, authorsList=Yunxuan FENG, Xiaojie FENG, Lulu CHENG, Yingjie WANG, Jiao JIANG, Changqi XI, Xiang WANG, Fen XU, Bo TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bo TANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2026 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320441032068673942, articleId=1320441029153632652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=TRPV4缺失通过重塑肠道菌群及促进炎症因子分泌加剧小鼠结直肠癌进展, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

宿主基因可通过调控肠道菌群组成与功能,进而影响结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的发生发展。本研究旨在探究宿主基因TRPV4缺失通过重塑肠道菌群及促进炎症因子分泌加剧小鼠结直肠癌的作用机制。

方法

本研究使用TRPV4基因敲除小鼠,构建葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sodium sulfate,DSS)+氧化偶氮甲烷(azoxymethane,AOM)诱导结直肠癌小鼠模型。分别将6~8周龄雄性TRPV4基因敲除小鼠及野生型小鼠按体质量分层后随机分为TRPV4-/-组与WT组(n=7),于第1周的第1天腹腔注射10 mg/kg AOM 1次;第7天起连续7 d给予含1.5% DSS饮水,恢复常规饮水2周,DSS处理循环3个周期。第6周的第1天再次腹腔注射10 mg/kg AOM 1次。监测肿瘤数量、大小、负荷、结肠长度、脾脏重量、结肠组织HE染色及病理评分、免疫组化检测增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)阳性率等指标综合评估CRC发生发展程度。另将6~8周龄雄性TRPV4基因敲除小鼠及野生型小鼠按体质量分层后随机分为抗生素鸡尾酒(antibiotic cocktail,ABX)-TRPV4-/-组与ABX-WT组(n=5),ABX混合液用于耗竭肠道菌群,以评估TRPV4对CRC的影响的菌群依赖性。收集TRPV4-/-组(n=19)和WT组(n=21)小鼠造模前的粪便样本并进行16S rRNA测序,分析TRPV4基因对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。对小鼠结肠组织进行RNA测序,通过京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)分析差异表达基因的富集情况,并进行粪菌-细胞体外共孵育实验。

结果

TRPV4-/-组较WT组肿瘤发生率(P=0.037 9)、肿瘤负荷(P=0.000 3)、组织病理评分(P<0.000 1)以及PCNA阳性率(P<0.000 1)显著升高,结肠长度显著缩短(P=0.001 2)。ABX处理后,TRPV4-/-组与WT组在肿瘤发生率、肿瘤负荷、结肠长度、组织病理评分及PCNA阳性率等指标上均无显著差异(P>0.05)。16S rRNA测序分析结果表明,TRPV4基因缺失显著重塑小鼠肠道菌群结构,TRPV4-/-与WT两组小鼠β多样性存在显著差异(P=0.001),菌群组成结构具有明显差异。结肠组织RNA-seq结果显示,TRPV4-/-小鼠组中有218个基因显著上调,152个基因显著下调,KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,差异表达基因显著富集于细胞因子信号通路和TNF信号通路。体外共孵育结果显示,TRPV4-/-小鼠粪菌组较WT小鼠粪菌组TNF-α(P<0.000 1)、IL-1β(P<0.000 1)和IL-23(P<0.000 1)转录水平显著上调。

结论

TRPV4基因缺失形成的肠道微生态可能通过促进机体炎症相关细胞因子的分泌从而加剧小鼠结直肠癌。

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唐波,E-mail:
TANG Bo,E-mail:
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Cell-Type-Specific Responses to Interleukin-1 Control Microbial Invasion and Tumor-Elicited Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer [J].Immunity, 2019, 50(1):166-180.e7., articleTitle=Cell-Type-Specific Responses to Interleukin-1 Control Microbial Invasion and Tumor-Elicited Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320441032286777751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441029153632652, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441032299360664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441029153632652, companyId=1320441032286777751, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441032307749273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441029153632652, companyId=1320441032286777751, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院消化内科,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320441036476887503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441029153632652, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Phenotypic and histological differences in colorectal tumors induced by AOM/DSS in TRPV4-/- and WT mice (n=7), figureFileSmall=MSVOYikoniuBHzUSgJOzYA==, figureFileBig=jr/uCQ33HoxUPBBzyzlr9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441036556579280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441029153632652, language=CN, label=图1, caption=TRPV4基因缺失及WT小鼠AOM/DSS诱导结直肠肿瘤的表型及组织学差异 (n=7)

A: Flowchart of modeling procedure of colorectal cancer (CRC) mice; B: Gross images of the colon; C to F: Statistical analyses of colon length, tumor numbers, size and load between the TRPV4-/- and WT mice; G: Histological analysis of colon tumors was shown by HE staining and statistical analysis of histological score (Upper). Immunohistochemical assay of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and percentages of PCNA-positive tumor cells (Down); H: Gross images of the spleens from the 2 groups of mice

, figureFileSmall=MSVOYikoniuBHzUSgJOzYA==, figureFileBig=jr/uCQ33HoxUPBBzyzlr9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441036741128657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441029153632652, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Phenotypic analysis of colorectal cancer tumors in TRPV4-/- and WT mice following antibiotic ABX treatment (n=5), figureFileSmall=BKAAQ+05IRRzGAmCUPvthw==, figureFileBig=NSVK+POP1PPFbMpU4FZ1ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441036804043218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441029153632652, language=CN, label=图2, caption=抗生素ABX处理后TRPV4-/-小鼠及WT小鼠结直肠癌肿瘤表型分析 (n=5)

A: Flowchart of ABX treatment in colorectal cancer (CRC) mice; B: Gross images of the colon; C to F: Statistical analyses of colon length, tumor numbers, size and load between the ABX-TRPV4-/- and ABX-WT mice; G: Histological analysis of colon tumors was shown by HE staining and statistical analysis of histological score (Upper). Immunohistochemical assay of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and percentages of PCNA-positive tumor cells (Down); H: Gross images of the spleens from the 2 groups of mice

, figureFileSmall=BKAAQ+05IRRzGAmCUPvthw==, figureFileBig=NSVK+POP1PPFbMpU4FZ1ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441036875346387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441029153632652, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Analysis of gut microbiota diversity and composition between TRPV4-/- and WT mice (nTRPV4-/-=19,nWT=21), figureFileSmall=FJm6Vg7ZkvlKA2xJ7eCr0w==, figureFileBig=2Kh7xnjo2/1jHwMc/dfEZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441036934066644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441029153632652, language=CN, label=图3, caption=TRPV4-/-小鼠及WT小鼠肠道菌群多样性及组成分析 (nTRPV4-/-=19,nWT=21)

A to D: Alpha diversity based on ACE, Chao1, Fisher_alpha and Shannon indices; E and F: PCoA using Jaccard and Unweighted_unifrac of beta diversity. Differences of data are calculated by ANOSIM test; G: The bacterial composition of each sample in Genus; H to J: Differential microbiota analysis between 2 groups of mice

, figureFileSmall=FJm6Vg7ZkvlKA2xJ7eCr0w==, figureFileBig=2Kh7xnjo2/1jHwMc/dfEZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441036992786901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441029153632652, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Colon RNA-seq analysis and fecal microbiota from TRPV4-/- mice exacerbate CRC by promoting inflammatory cytokine secretion, figureFileSmall=CTjL4soUi9zIoBUp41jdRQ==, figureFileBig=jcZt/7h+UcW1MJwptM4NwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441037055701462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441029153632652, language=CN, label=图4, caption=结肠RNA-seq分析及TRPV4-/-小鼠粪菌通过促进炎症性细胞因子分泌加剧结直肠癌

A: Volcano plot of RNA-seq analysis of colon tissue; B to D: GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. Gene function classifications are Category_BP, Category_MF, and Category_CC; E: KEGG gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of differentially expressed genes; F: Schematic diagram showing the experimental design; G to I: Transcriptional levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-23 in BMDMs treated with fecal microbiota from TRPV4-/- and WT mice by qPCR (n=3)

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TRPV4缺失通过重塑肠道菌群及促进炎症因子分泌加剧小鼠结直肠癌进展
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冯韵璇 , 冯小洁 , 程璐璐 , 王英杰 , 姜娇 , 奚昌奇 , 王湘 , 许芬 , 唐波
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·基础医学 2026,48(6): 722-732
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·基础医学 2026 , 48 (6) : 722 -732
TRPV4缺失通过重塑肠道菌群及促进炎症因子分泌加剧小鼠结直肠癌进展
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冯韵璇, 冯小洁, 程璐璐, 王英杰, 姜娇, 奚昌奇, 王湘, 许芬, 唐波
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院消化内科,重庆
通讯作者:
唐波,E-mail:
TANG Bo,E-mail:
TRPV4 deficiency exacerbates colorectal cancer progression in mice by remodeling gut microbiota and promoting secretion of inflammatory factors
Yunxuan FENG, Xiaojie FENG, Lulu CHENG, Yingjie WANG, Jiao JIANG, Changqi XI, Xiang WANG, Fen XU, Bo TANG
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
出版时间: 2026-03-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512128
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目的

宿主基因可通过调控肠道菌群组成与功能,进而影响结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的发生发展。本研究旨在探究宿主基因TRPV4缺失通过重塑肠道菌群及促进炎症因子分泌加剧小鼠结直肠癌的作用机制。

方法

本研究使用TRPV4基因敲除小鼠,构建葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sodium sulfate,DSS)+氧化偶氮甲烷(azoxymethane,AOM)诱导结直肠癌小鼠模型。分别将6~8周龄雄性TRPV4基因敲除小鼠及野生型小鼠按体质量分层后随机分为TRPV4-/-组与WT组(n=7),于第1周的第1天腹腔注射10 mg/kg AOM 1次;第7天起连续7 d给予含1.5% DSS饮水,恢复常规饮水2周,DSS处理循环3个周期。第6周的第1天再次腹腔注射10 mg/kg AOM 1次。监测肿瘤数量、大小、负荷、结肠长度、脾脏重量、结肠组织HE染色及病理评分、免疫组化检测增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)阳性率等指标综合评估CRC发生发展程度。另将6~8周龄雄性TRPV4基因敲除小鼠及野生型小鼠按体质量分层后随机分为抗生素鸡尾酒(antibiotic cocktail,ABX)-TRPV4-/-组与ABX-WT组(n=5),ABX混合液用于耗竭肠道菌群,以评估TRPV4对CRC的影响的菌群依赖性。收集TRPV4-/-组(n=19)和WT组(n=21)小鼠造模前的粪便样本并进行16S rRNA测序,分析TRPV4基因对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。对小鼠结肠组织进行RNA测序,通过京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)分析差异表达基因的富集情况,并进行粪菌-细胞体外共孵育实验。

结果

TRPV4-/-组较WT组肿瘤发生率(P=0.037 9)、肿瘤负荷(P=0.000 3)、组织病理评分(P<0.000 1)以及PCNA阳性率(P<0.000 1)显著升高,结肠长度显著缩短(P=0.001 2)。ABX处理后,TRPV4-/-组与WT组在肿瘤发生率、肿瘤负荷、结肠长度、组织病理评分及PCNA阳性率等指标上均无显著差异(P>0.05)。16S rRNA测序分析结果表明,TRPV4基因缺失显著重塑小鼠肠道菌群结构,TRPV4-/-与WT两组小鼠β多样性存在显著差异(P=0.001),菌群组成结构具有明显差异。结肠组织RNA-seq结果显示,TRPV4-/-小鼠组中有218个基因显著上调,152个基因显著下调,KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,差异表达基因显著富集于细胞因子信号通路和TNF信号通路。体外共孵育结果显示,TRPV4-/-小鼠粪菌组较WT小鼠粪菌组TNF-α(P<0.000 1)、IL-1β(P<0.000 1)和IL-23(P<0.000 1)转录水平显著上调。

结论

TRPV4基因缺失形成的肠道微生态可能通过促进机体炎症相关细胞因子的分泌从而加剧小鼠结直肠癌。

瞬时受体电位阳离子通道V亚家族成员4  /  结直肠癌  /  肠道微生物群  /  细胞因子
Objective

Host genes regulate the composition and function of gut microbiota, thereby influencing the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to investigate the mechanisms by which host gene TRPV4 deficiency exacerbates CRC in mice through remodeling gut microbiota and promoting inflammatory cytokine secretion.

Methods

TRPV4 knockout (TRPV4-/-) mice were used to establish a CRC mouse model induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and azoxymethane (AOM). Male TRPV4-/- and wild-type mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were stratified by body weight and randomly divided into TRPV4-/- group (n=7) and WT group (n=7). The mouse model of CRC was established through a single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg AOM on day 1 of week 1; from day 7, drinking water containing 1.5% DSS for 7 consecutive days, followed by 2 weeks of regular water, with this DSS treatment cycle being repeated for 3 times; a second intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg AOM on day 1 of week 6. CRC progression was assessed with tumor number, size, burden, colon length, spleen weight, colonic morphology (HE staining) and pathological score, and immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Additionally, male TRPV4-/- and wild-type mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were stratified by body weight and randomly divided into antibiotic cocktail (ABX)-TRPV4-/- group (n=5) and ABX-WT group (n=5). The ABX mixture was used to deplete the gut microbiota to evaluate the microbiota-dependent effects of TRPV4 on CRC. Fecal samples were collected from the TRPV4-/- group (n=19) and WT group (n=21) before modeling, and then subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the effect of TRPV4 gene on mouse gut microbiota. RNA sequencing was performed on mouse colonic tissue; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was used to examine enrichment of differentially expressed genes, and fecal bacteria-cell co-incubation experiments were conducted in vitro.

Results

The TRPV4-/- group exhibited significantly increased tumor incidence (P=0.037 9), tumor burden (P=0.000 3), histopathological score (P<0.000 1), and PCNA-positive rate (P<0.000 1), and shorter colon length (P=0.001 2) compared with the WT group. After ABX treatment, no significant differences were observed between the TRPV4-/- group and WT group in tumor incidence, tumor burden, colon length, histopathological score, or PCNA positive rate (P>0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that TRPV4 deficiency reshaped the gut microbiota structure, with significant differences in β diversity between the TRPV4-/- and WT groups (P=0.001) and distinct microbiota composition profiles. Colon tissue RNA-seq results revealed 218 significantly upregulated and 152 downregulated genes in TRPV4-/- mice. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in cytokine signaling pathways and TNF signaling pathways. In vitro co-incubation results demonstrated that the transcription levels of TNF-α (P<0.000 1), IL-1β (P<0.000 1), and IL-23 (P<0.000 1) were significantly upregulated in TRPV4-/- microbiota-cell co-cultures.

Conclusion

The gut microecology formed by TRPV4 deficiency may exacerbate CRC by promoting the secretion of inflammation-related cytokines.

TRPV4  /  colorectal cancer  /  gut microbiota  /  cytokines
冯韵璇, 冯小洁, 程璐璐, 王英杰, 姜娇, 奚昌奇, 王湘, 许芬, 唐波. TRPV4缺失通过重塑肠道菌群及促进炎症因子分泌加剧小鼠结直肠癌进展. 陆军军医大学学报, 2026 , 48 (6) : 722 -732 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512128
Yunxuan FENG, Xiaojie FENG, Lulu CHENG, Yingjie WANG, Jiao JIANG, Changqi XI, Xiang WANG, Fen XU, Bo TANG. TRPV4 deficiency exacerbates colorectal cancer progression in mice by remodeling gut microbiota and promoting secretion of inflammatory factors[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2026 , 48 (6) : 722 -732 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512128
结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是一种起源于结肠或直肠上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤,属于消化系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。CRC是全球第3大高发癌症(仅次于肺癌和前列腺癌),2020年其发病率和病死率分别位居第3位和第2位[1]。CRC已跃居中国恶性肿瘤发病率第3位[2]。结直肠癌的发生和发展受多种因素交织影响,包括遗传易感性、生活方式(如吸烟、酒精和肥胖)、环境暴露(如心理压力)以及肠道微生物群的核心作用(涉及生态失调、特定微生物和炎症机制)[3-5]。
近年来,肠道菌群与结直肠癌发生发展之间的关系及其机制已成为重要的研究领域。菌群失衡可促进结直肠癌发生,具体表现为特定促癌细菌(如Fusobacterium nucleatum和Escherichia coli)的富集,这些细菌通过毒力因子或相关分子直接作用于上皮细胞,或与免疫系统互动,加速肿瘤进展。临床前模型证实,肠道菌群是CRC肿瘤微环境的重要组成部分,菌群失调伴随结直肠肿瘤发生,并可能具有因果性[6-8]。
既往有研究报道,宿主基因与CRC的关系是多维度的,涉及遗传变异增加风险、信号通路异常驱动肿瘤发生、免疫调控失调,以及与微生物组的互作共同促进CRC进展[9-11]。其中,宿主基因与肠道微生物组的相互作用是CRC病因的关键环节。研究显示,宿主基因和肠道微生物(如Ruminococcaceae和Veillonella)之间存在关联,这些相互作用涉及共享和疾病特异性模式,影响胃肠道炎症、肠道屏障保护和能量代谢通路[9,12]。瞬时受体电位阳离子通道V亚家族成员4(TRPV4)是一种钙通透性非选择性阳离子通道,最初由Schultz(Nat Cell Biol 2:695-7022000)和Liedtke(Cell 103:525-5352000)领导的研究团队于2000年描述。TRPV4现在被认为是一种多模离子受体,由一系列不同的刺激物激活,从低渗到高温和酸性pH,涉及广泛的生理和病理过程[13]。在胃癌中,TRPV4与钙感应受体(CaSR)共定位,参与钙诱导的肿瘤增殖、迁移和侵袭,与血清钙浓度升高和不良预后相关[14]。在CRC中,TRPV4正向调节细胞存活,抑制其活性可阻断细胞周期进程,从而抑制肿瘤生长[15]。目前,TRPV4在结直肠癌中的确切作用仍存在矛盾,例如其在炎症性肠病(如溃疡性结肠炎)中表达升高[16],但与其致癌机制的关联尚不明确。
本研究使用TRPV4基因敲除小鼠,通过葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sodium sulfate,DSS)+氧化偶氮甲烷(azoxymethane,AOM)诱导小鼠发生结直肠癌作为CRC动物模型,初步探究宿主基因TRPV4对CRC发生发展的影响,并进一步探讨TRPV4对肠道菌群结构塑造的作用以及菌群结构重塑对CRC发生发展的影响,揭示其调控CRC的潜在机制,为宿主基因-肠道微生物组-肿瘤发生发展之间的相互作用提供新的研究方向,并为炎症相关结直肠癌的预防提供新靶点。
AOM购自美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;DSS购自美国 MP Biomedicals 公司;万古霉素盐酸盐、氨苄青霉素钠、硫酸新霉素、甲硝唑购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;RNAiso PLUS购自日本TaKaRa公司;PrimeScript RT 试剂盒购自日本TaKaRa公司;2X Universal SYBR Green Fast qPCR Mix购自中国武汉ABclonal公司。
6~8周龄、体质量20~22 g雄性TRPV4-/-小鼠及WT小鼠(购自赛业生物科技公司),在新桥医院实验动物中心的SPF级动物实验室进行繁殖。骨髓来源的巨噬细胞(bone marrow-derived macrophages,BMDMs)来自6~8周龄、体质量20~22 g雄性C57BL/6J小鼠(购自集萃药康生物科技有限公司)。所有小鼠均在SPF条件下饲养,实验室环境设定为12 h明暗周期,(21±1)℃室温,(45±5)%相对湿度。研究期间小鼠可自由获取食物和水,实验过程中采用异氟烷吸入麻醉以减少动物疼痛。本研究所涉及的全部动物实验方案经陆军军医大学动物实验伦理审查委员会批准(AMUWEC2019330),实验严格遵守《实验动物管理条例》以及《实验动物伦理审查办法》等相关规定。
为了建立AOM/DSS诱导的结直肠癌模型,我们采用按体质量分层后随机抽样法选择6~8周龄雄性TRPV4基因敲除小鼠及野生型小鼠,分为TRPV4-/-组(n=7)、WT组(n=7)、ABX-TRPV4-/-组(n=5)、ABX-WT组(n=5)。于第1周的第1天腹腔注射10 mg/kg AOM 1次。第7天起连续7 d给予含1.5% DSS饮水,恢复常规饮水2周,整个DSS处理过程循环3个周期。第6周的第1天再次腹腔注射10 mg/kg AOM1次。所有小鼠在第1次AOM注射后的第14周处死。
ABX-TRPV4-/-组和ABX-WT组(n=5)小鼠第1周每天予以200 μL的口服灌胃,灌胃液中含有抗生素,包括甲硝唑(200 mg/kg)、新霉素硫酸盐(200 mg/kg)、氨苄青霉素(200 mg/kg)和万古霉素(100 mg/kg),持续1周。其后13周,小鼠饮水中加入新霉素硫酸盐(1 g/L)、甲硝唑(1 g/L)、氨苄青霉素(1 g/L)和万古霉素(500 mg/L),每2天更换1次。
异氟烷吸入麻醉C57BL/6J小鼠,脊髓脱臼法处死后置于75%乙醇中灭菌消毒后,转入无菌工作台,取出双侧股骨与胫骨,去除肌肉及结缔组织。股骨、胫骨放置在含有75%乙醇的培养皿内浸泡5 min,再用预冷PBS浸泡5 min,去除表面乙醇。将股骨、胫骨两端剪断,使用无菌注射器吸取预冷骨髓巨噬细胞诱导培养基吹出骨髓并吹洗3次,直至骨髓腔内红色骨髓基本消失。用5 mL移液枪将骨髓细胞吹散,经70 μm细胞滤器过筛,转至15 mL离心管,1 500 r/min离心5 min,弃上清。加入红细胞裂解液重悬,轻弹管底后静置5 min,再加入10 mL冰PBS洗涤,4 ℃、1 500 r/min离心5 min,弃上清,用预冷骨髓巨噬细胞诱导培养基重悬,铺板。
收集TRPV4-/-(n=19)及WT(n=21)小鼠CRC造模前粪便,粪便样本在干冰条件下被运送至北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司进行测序。采用CTAB/SDS法提取小鼠粪便总基因组DNA。使用带条形码(barcode)的特异性引物对不同区域的16S rRNA/18S rRNA/ITS基因进行扩增。使用TruSeq® DNA PCR-Free样本制备试剂盒(TruSeq® DNA PCR-Free Sample Preparation Kit,Illumina,USA),按照制造商建议制备测序文库,并添加索引编码(index codes)。使用mailto:Qubit@2.0荧光计(Thermo Scientific)和Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100系统评估文库质量,在Illumina NovaSeq平台进行测序,生成250 bp双端测序读段。根据唯一的条形码(barcode)将双端读段分配至各样本,并通过切除条形码和引物序列进行截断。使用FLASH软件(V1.2.7,http://ccb.jhu.edu/software/FLASH/)合并双端读段。使用UCHIME算法将标签与参考数据库(Silva数据库,https://www.arb-silva.de/)进行比对,以检测嵌合序列,然后去除嵌合序列,最终获得有效标签(effective tags)。组间优势菌群差异分析采用线性判别分析效应大小(linear discriminant analysis effect size,LEfSe),设定线性判别分析(LDA)得分(Log10)=2.5为显著性阈值。
取小鼠结肠组织,送北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司进行RNA测序分析。RNA质量通过Agilent 2100生物分析仪进行确认;制备RNA测序文库,库检合格后,把不同文库按照有效浓度及目标下机数据量的需求pooling后用Illumina NovaSeq 6000进行测序。测序片段经CASAVA 碱基识别转化为序列数据(reads)。使用HISAT2(v2.0.5)构建参考基因组的索引,并使用HISAT2(v2.0.5)将配对末端clean reads与参照基因组比对。使用DESeq2 软件(1.20.0)进行2个比较组合之间的差异表达分析。使用Benjamini 和Hochberg 的方法来校正所得P值以控制错误发现率。校正后P值(padj)≤0.05且|log2(fold change)|≥1设定为显著性差异表达的阈值。通过clusterProfiler(3.8.1)软件实现差异表达基因的GO富集分析,筛选标准为padj<0.05。使用clusterProfiler(3.8.1)软件分析KEGG 通路中差异表达基因的统计富集。
从粪菌-细胞共孵育实验中收集处理后的BMDMs,使用RNAiso PLUS(货号:9109,TaKaRa,Kusatsu,日本)提取总RNA。采用PrimeScript RT试剂盒(货号:RR047A,TaKaRa,Kusatsu,日本)合成cDNA。RT-qPCR实验使用2X Universal SYBR Green Fast qPCR Mix(货号:RM21203,ABclonal,武汉,中国)按说明书进行。RT-qPCR分析通过ABI 7000 RT-PCR系统(Applied Biosystems)进行,循环条件为:初始变性温度95 ℃,3 min;进行45个循环,变性温度95 ℃,5 s,退火/延伸温度60 ℃,32 s。mRNA分析采用2-ΔΔCt法进行,并以内源性对照标准化。特定基因的引物序列:TNF-α正向:CAGGCGGTGCCTATGTCTC,反向:CGATCAC-CCCGAAGTTCAGTAG;IL-1β正向:GAAATGCCACCT-TTTGACAGTG,反向:TGGATGCTCTCATCAGGACAG;IL-23正向:CATGCTAGCCTGGAACGCACAT,反向:ACTGGCTGTTGTCCTTGAGTCC;18S正向:TTTGTTG-GTTTTCGGAACTGA,反向:CGTTTATGGTCGGAACT-ACGA。
结肠组织经石蜡包埋、切片后行HE染色,并依据文献[17]方法进行组织学评分。免疫组化分析中,切片经脱蜡、水化、柠檬酸缓冲液抗原修复后,以3% H₂O₂阻断内源性过氧化物酶,山羊血清封闭。组织切片于4 ℃孵育一抗过夜,再与辣根过氧化物酶标记二抗反应,DAB显色,苏木精复染细胞核。
采用GraphPad Prism 8.0.2软件进行统计学分析,计量资料以x¯±s表示,两组间比较采用Shapiro-Wilk检验评估数据正态性,正态数据采用独立样本t检验,非正态数据采用 Mann-Whitney U检验,P<0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。
为探索TRPV4基因在结直肠癌发生发展中的作用,本研究采用AOM/DSS诱导TRPV4基因敲除小鼠及WT小鼠发生CRC。肿瘤诱导完成后,在第14周将小鼠安乐死以进行肿瘤评估(图1A)。实验结果显示,与WT对照组相比,TRPV4-/-小鼠的肿瘤发生率(P=0.037 9)、肿瘤大小(P=0.001 6)、肿瘤负荷(P=0.000 3)显著增加,而结肠长度(P=0.001 2)明显缩短(见图1B~F)。HE染色结果显示,TRPV4-/-组表现为低级别腺癌,常侵犯黏膜下层,偶发扩展至固有肌层(图1G)。TRPV4-/-组组织病理学评分(P<0.000 1)显著高于WT组(图1G)。免疫组化分析结果显示,TRPV4-/-组PCNA 阳性细胞比例(P<0.000 1)显著高于WT组(图1G)。此外,TRPV4-/-小鼠还表现出脾脏肿大(P=0.002 5)(图1H)。结果表明,TRPV4基因缺失加剧了AOM/DSS诱导的小鼠结直肠癌。
为探究TRPV4基因缺失加剧CRC是否依赖肠道菌群,本研究采用抗生素鸡尾酒疗法(ABX)以清除TRPV4-/-和WT 2组小鼠肠道菌群,同时进行AOM/DSS诱导,建立CRC动物模型(图2A)。实验结果显示,在ABX处理后,TRPV4-/-组与WT组之间肿瘤发生率、肿瘤大小、肿瘤负荷、结肠长度和脾脏重量的差异消失(P>0.05)(图2B~F,图2H)。在组织学上,病变的分化程度及组织病理评分(P>0.05)也无显著差异(图2G)。免疫组化分析显示,ABX处理后的TRPV4-/-与WT小鼠之间PCNA阳性细胞比例(P>0.05)没有显著差异(图2G)。综合以上结果表明,TRPV4基因缺失通过依赖肠道菌群的方式促进了CRC的发生发展。
本研究收集TRPV4-/-和WT小鼠造模前的粪便样本并进行16S rRNA基因测序分析,以评估两组之间肠道菌群的差异。我们采用ACE(P=0.11)、Chao1(P=0.12)、Fisher alpha(P=0.16)和Shannon index(P=0.58)来分析α多样性的差异(图3A~D)。两组α多样性分析结果显示,TRPV4-/-与WT小鼠之间的α多样性差异未达到统计学显著性,但TRPV4-/-组小鼠肠道菌群表现出更高的多样性。此外,Jaccard(P=0.001)和Unweighted unifrac(P=0.001)的主坐标分析(PCoA)显示两组小鼠的β多样性存在显著差异,表明TRPV4-/-与WT小鼠之间肠道菌群组成明显不同(图3E、F)。注释热图显示了两组各样本在属水平上相对丰度超过1%的菌属(图3G)。其中,Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group(P=0.009 8)、Parabacteroides(P=0.027)、Helicobacter(P=0.001 3)3种菌属的相对丰度在2组间存在显著差异(图3H~J)。以上结果表明,TRPV4-/-小鼠与WT小鼠肠道菌群多样性及组成存在明显差异,TRPV4可重塑小鼠肠道菌群。
为了进一步探究肠道菌群结构重塑引起肿瘤变化的潜在机制,我们对两组小鼠的结肠组织进行了转录组分析。火山图显示,与WT小鼠组相比,TRPV4-/-小鼠组中有218个基因显著上调,152个基因显著下调(图4A)。基因本体论(Gene Ontology,GO)从生物过程、分子功能和细胞组成3个方面分析结果。按生物过程(Category_BP)分类(图4B),细胞迁移、运动、炎症反应等过程与CRC发生发展密切相关,可能在疾病的发展或生物学机制中起到关键作用。在分子功能(Category_MF)方面揭示了不同分子功能的富集情况(图4C),转录因子与其靶向结合的调控网络可能在基因表达调控及细胞功能执行中发挥枢纽作用。与此同时,细胞因子-受体互作信号轴可能深度参与免疫应答调控与细胞间通讯协调,这一发现暗示二者在CRC微环境重塑中具有潜在生物学意义。在细胞组成(Category_CC)方面的富集分析结果提示,细胞膜相关的结构和转运功能具有重要的生物学作用,可能与细胞通讯、物质转运以及信号传导等过程密切相关(图4D)。此外, KEGG通路的富集分析结果显示,细胞因子信号通路和TNF信号通路在CRC发生发展的机制中发挥重要作用(图4E)。
基于以上研究结果,我们假设肠道菌群结构重塑导致的菌群差异可能通过影响炎症反应相关细胞因子的分泌从而影响CRC。为了验证这一假设,我们收集TRPV4-/-与WT 2组小鼠的粪便并提取菌液,分别与从C57BL/6J小鼠获得的BMDMs进行体外共孵育实验,并通过qPCR检测两组细胞炎症因子相关基因的转录水平(图4F)。结果显示,与WT组相比,TRPV4-/-组TNF-α(P<0.000 1)、IL-1β(P<0.000 1)和IL-23(P<0.000 1)的转录水平显著上调(图4G~I)。以上结果表明,TRPV4基因缺失导致的特异性肠道菌群结构能够通过促进炎症因子相关基因的表达,从而加重CRC。
越来越多的研究表示,宿主遗传因素可通过直接驱动基因失活、调控免疫微环境、重编程代谢网络、介导微生物互作及表观遗传修饰等多层次机制影响肿瘤进程[18-20]。既往研究表明,宿主基因TRPV4主要通过钙信号失调、炎症微环境激活及细胞骨架重塑促进肿瘤进展和转移,尤其在胃癌[14]和胶质瘤[21]中预后意义显著。然而,其作用具有组织特异性,可能因癌症类型而异。有研究发现,内皮TRPV4能够抑制肿瘤血管生成、肿瘤生长、血管破坏和转移。另一项研究表明,激活TRPV4显著损害了黑色素瘤细胞的存活和增殖[22]。本研究通过构建TRPV4基因敲除小鼠,并在此基础上利用AOM/DSS诱导小鼠CRC发生的动物模型,发现TRPV4基因缺失能够加剧小鼠CRC、加重小鼠结肠炎症及增强小鼠免疫反应,为宿主基因TRPV4影响肿瘤进程提供了新的证据。
宿主基因通过直接调控(如免疫基因、代谢基因)、间接互作(微生物网络、表观遗传)及环境交互等多层次途径塑造肠道微生态。既往研究报道,宿主免疫相关基因可以通过分泌免疫分子(如抗菌肽、分泌型免疫球蛋白A、细胞因子)直接调控菌群组成。例如,CARD9等免疫基因风险位点通过改变肠道炎症状态和抗菌分子分泌,影响特定菌群丰度及代谢功能[23]。有研究表明,黏蛋白编码基因(如MUC2)的遗传变异显著改变肠道黏膜厚度和完整性,从而筛选黏蛋白降解菌(如Akkermansia)的定植能力,间接塑造菌群结构[24]。此外,宿主基因还可通过调控胆汁酸分泌、短链脂肪酸代谢等过程改变肠道化学环境,间接影响菌群生长。例如LCT(乳糖酶基因)和ABO血型基因的变异通过改变肠道营养可利用性,调节特定细菌丰度[25-26]。我们的研究发现,遗传背景TRPV4的缺失的确能引起小鼠肠道菌群结构变化。因此,我们提出TRPV4基因可能通过调节机体分泌免疫分子、调节肠道屏障或胆汁酸代谢等途径影响菌群结构。
本研究结果显示,TRPV4基因缺失形成的肠道菌群结构主要表现为Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group和Parabacteroides菌属相对丰度下降、Helicobacter菌属富集。Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group 是一种与胆固醇代谢和肠道健康相关的细菌群,其丰度变化受年龄、疾病和饮食影响[27-28]。 有研究表明,Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group可能增强黏膜屏障功能,有效缓解肠道黏膜炎症的发展[29]。在CRC研究中,该菌群主要在动物模型中表现出保护作用,能抑制结肠炎和癌变过程[30],这与我们所观察的现象一致。本研究结果显示,Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group的相对丰度在两组间存在显著差异,并且在TRPV4-/-组的丰度低于WT组(图3H),同时TRPV4-/-组的肿瘤负荷高于WT组。Parabacteroides是一种革兰氏阴性杆状细菌,包括多个物种,如Parabacteroides distasonis(P. distasonis)、Parabacteroides goldsteinii(P. goldsteinii)和Parabac-teroides chongii(P. chongii)等,它们能够代谢碳水化合物并分泌短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids,SCFAs),这有助于维持肠道稳态和宿主健康[31-32]。有研究表明,Pd与CRC相关的致癌菌Fusobacterium nucleatum存在竞争关系。在携带KRAS突变的小鼠和人类CRC组织中,Pd能竞争性抑制F. nucleatum的定植。口服补充Pd可减轻F. nucleatum依赖的CRC进展,例如减少肿瘤侵袭和炎症反应[33]。另一项研究指出,在高脂饮食(HFD)小鼠模型中,Pd的耗尽(depletion)与肠道屏障损伤和结直肠肿瘤发生增加相关[34]。本研究结果显示Parabacteroides相对丰度更高的WT组(图3I),其肿瘤发生发展的严重程度更轻,这与先前的研究一致。Helicobacter 主要指 Helicobacter pylori,即幽门螺杆菌,可导致慢性胃炎、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡等胃肠道疾病,并被视为胃癌的主要致病因子(I类致癌物)[35-37]。幽门螺杆菌感染与CRC的关系是当前研究热点,多项荟萃分析和系统综述表明,幽门螺杆菌感染可增加结直肠癌风险。例如,一项研究聚焦东亚人群(尤其中国),发现幽门螺杆菌感染与结直肠腺瘤(癌前病变)风险增加相关,风险升高幅度为1.3至2.26倍[38]。正如我们所观察到的那样,幽门螺杆菌的相对丰度更高的TRPV4-/-组(图3J),其肿瘤负荷更重,这提示我们幽门螺杆菌丰度可能与结直肠癌严重程度存在潜在正相关。
在结直肠癌中,TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-23的分泌主要由肿瘤相关巨噬细胞和髓系细胞驱动,其水平影响肿瘤大小、转移和免疫逃逸。TNF-α的上调与促肿瘤环境相关,例如在CRC中,TNF-α的过度分泌与肿瘤大小增加直接相关,并伴随其他促炎因子(如IL-6)的上调和抗炎因子(如IL-10)的下调,从而驱动结直肠癌发生[39]。IL-1β是另一个促炎细胞因子,在CRC模型中,IL-1β的释放是慢性炎症的关键驱动因素,其分泌增加与肠道菌群失调和免疫失调相关,IL-1β可通过炎症反馈环加剧CRC发生[40]。IL-23是一种主要由髓系细胞产生的促炎细胞因子,在CRC微环境中,肿瘤相关巨噬细胞是IL-23的主要来源。IL-23在肠道炎症和稳态中扮演关键角色,其过量分泌可破坏免疫平衡,促进癌变[41]。这些因子在CRC中并非孤立作用,而是形成协同网络,共同驱动慢性炎症和肿瘤进展。TNF-α和IL-1β的上调常同时发生,它们通过激活NLRP3炎症小体和促进IL-17通路,增强IL-23的产生。此外,IL-1β作为IL-17的上游调控者,可间接促进IL-23依赖的Th17细胞活化,从而形成正反馈环,加剧CRC炎症和癌变[41-42]。本研究将小鼠粪菌与BMDMs进行体外共孵育实验,结果提示与WT组相比,TRPV4-/-组TNF-α(P<0.000 1)、IL-1β(P<0.000 1)和IL-23(P<0.000 1)的转录水平显著上调(图4G~I),这说明TRPV4基因缺失形成的肠道微生态可能通过促进机体炎症相关细胞因子的分泌从而加剧CRC。
综上所述,本研究初步探究宿主基因TRPV4对CRC发生发展的影响,并进一步探讨TRPV4对肠道菌群结构塑造的作用以及菌群结构重塑对CRC发生发展的影响。然而,TRPV4基因缺失小鼠繁殖能力显著低于正常小鼠,故本研究样本量较少。同时,本研究采用AOM/DSS诱导的结直肠癌模型虽广泛用于研究炎症相关癌症,但其致癌机制(化学诱导)与人类散发性CRC的自然病程存在差异,未来需结合多种模型(如遗传易感模型或自发肿瘤模型)以验证结果的普适性。此外,宿主基因TRPV4重塑肠道菌群结构的具体途径及特定菌群微生态影响CRC发生发展的潜在机制还有待进一步研究。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512128
  • 接收时间:2025-12-29
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-29
  • 修回日期:2026-01-20
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院消化内科,重庆

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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