Article(id=1320441115342393401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320441063936996073, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764604800000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-02, revisedDate=1770825600000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792747294506, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747294506, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747294506, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747294506, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320441063936996073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='7', pageStart='831', pageEnd='970', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747282251, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792749796678, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320451610262745636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320441063936996073, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320451610262745637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320441063936996073, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=953, endPage=962, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320441115577274427, articleId=1320441115342393401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between readiness for hospital discharge and quality of life among patients after radical prostatectomy, columnId=1320441115505971258, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Evidence-Based Nursing Horizons, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

The promotion of enhanced recovery after surgery has shortened hospital stay of patients after radical prostatectomy, with most being discharged during the critical recovery period. These patients are prone to inadequate discharge preparation due to issues such as urinary dysfunction and indwelling catheterization. Although readiness for hospital discharge has been regarded as an important factor influencing patient prognosis, the mechanism by which it affects quality of life remains unclear. Based on the stress and coping theories, this study aims to explore the mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between readiness for hospital discharge and quality of life among patients after radical prostatectomy, providing evidence for developing targeted transitional care interventions.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal study design was adopted. From August 2024 to September 2025, 161 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in the urology departments of 3 tertiary grade A hospitals in Chongqing were conveniently selected as the survey subjects. Within 24 h before discharge, the general information questionnaire, Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS), and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) were used for the investigation. Quality of Life (QOL) score was assessed through on-site or telephone evaluation at 1 month after surgery. The Process macro program Model 4 was utilized to construct a mediating effect model to test the mediating effect of coping styles.

Results

The mean RHDS score of the 161 patients after radical prostatectomy was 84.72±17.96. The 3 dimensions of coping styles scored as follows: confrontation 19.02±4.02, avoidance 14.57±2.69, and resignation 8.19±2.57. The QOL score was 46.50±7.11. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of quality of life was positively correlated with the total score of discharge readiness and the scores of each dimension (r=0.485 to 0.618, P<0.01), positively correlated with the confrontation dimension of medical coping modes (r=0.361, P<0.01), not significantly correlated with the avoidance dimension, and negatively with the resignation dimension (r=-0.383, P<0.01). Process mediating effect analysis indicated that the mediating effect value of coping styles between readiness for hospital discharge and quality of life was 0.038, with a 95%CI of 0.014 to 0.068, and the total mediating effect was significant (P<0.01). The mediation effect accounted for 15.89% of the total effect, with confrontation coping and resignation coping accounting for 6.74% and 9.15%, respectively.

Conclusion

Coping styles play a partial mediating role between readiness for hospital discharge and quality of life, with the mediating effect of reducing resignation coping being stronger. This suggests that clinicians should focus on identifying and intervening in patients with resignation coping tendencies to improve quality of life.

, authors=Ling GU1, Yu CHEN2, Dan LIU2, Yuwei LI3, Lijuan YAN4, Caiping SONG1, authorsList=Ling GU, Yu CHEN, Dan LIU, Yuwei LI, Lijuan YAN, Caiping SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Caiping SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2026 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320441116386775103, articleId=1320441115342393401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=应对方式在前列腺癌根治术后患者出院准备度与生活质量间的中介作用, columnId=1320441115656966204, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·循证护理前沿, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

加速康复外科的推广使前列腺癌根治术后患者住院时间缩短,出院时多处于康复关键期,易因排尿障碍、携带尿管等问题导致出院准备不足。出院准备度虽已被证实是影响患者预后的重要因素,但其对生活质量的作用机制尚未不明确。本研究基于压力与应对理论,探讨应对方式在前列腺癌根治术后患者出院准备度与生活质量间的中介作用,为开展针对性过渡期护理干预提供依据。

方法

采用前瞻性纵向研究设计,于2024年8月至2025年9月,便利选取重庆市3家三级甲等医院泌尿外科的161名前列腺癌根治术后患者作为调查对象。在出院前24 h内,采用一般资料调查表、出院准备度量表(Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale,RHDS)、医学应对方式量表(Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire,MCMQ)进行调查;术后1个月采用生活质量(Quality of Life,QOL)评分进行现场测评或电话测评。运用Process宏程序Model 4构建中介效应模型,检验应对方式的中介效应。

结果

161例前列腺癌根治术后患者RHDS得分为(84.72±17.96)分,应对方式三个维度得分分别为:面对维度(19.02±4.02)分、回避维度(14.57±2.69)分、屈服维度(8.19±2.57)分,QOL得分为(46.50±7.11)分。Pearson 相关分析结果显示:生活质量总分与出院准备度总分及各维度得分呈正相关(r=0.485~0.618,P<0.01),与医学应对方式中面对维度呈正相关(r=0.361,P<0.01),与回避维度无显著相关性,与屈服维度呈负相关(r=-0.383,P<0.01)。Process中介效应分析提示:前列腺癌根治术后患者应对方式在出院准备度与生活质量间的中介效应值为0.038,95%CI为0.014~0.068,总中介效应显著(P<0.01)。中介效应占比15.89%,面对应对和屈服应对分别占6.74%和9.15%。

结论

应对方式在出院准备度与生活质量间起部分中介作用,且减少屈服应对的中介效应更强。提示临床应重点识别并干预屈服应对倾向患者,以提升生活质量。

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宋彩萍,E-mail:
SONG Caiping,E-mail:
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Chin J Nurs,2021,56(12):1765., articleTitle=Evidence-based nursing practice of discharge planning for elderly patients with chronic heart failure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320441129460420801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1004-5775.2023.11.003, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=47, issue=11, pageStart=1292, pageEnd=1294, 1298, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=67, authorNames=申曼曼, journalName=黑龙江医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=申曼曼. 出院准备计划对脑出血后偏瘫患者应对方式及照护者准备度的影响[J]. 黑龙江医学, 2023, 47(11): 1292-1294, 1298., articleTitle=出院准备计划对脑出血后偏瘫患者应对方式及照护者准备度的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320441129544306882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1004-5775.2023.11.003, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=47, issue=11, pageStart=1292, pageEnd=1294, 1298, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=68, authorNames=SHEN M M, journalName=Heilong Med J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN M M. 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Heilong Med J, 2023, 47(11): 1292-1294, 1298., articleTitle=Effect of discharge preparation program on coping style and caregiver readiness in patients with hemiplegia after cerebral hemorrhage, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320441116604878912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441116613267521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, companyId=1320441116604878912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Nursing,Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441116621656130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, companyId=1320441116604878912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院,护理处,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320441116684570691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441116692959300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, companyId=1320441116684570691, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Center of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441116701347909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, companyId=1320441116684570691, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院,泌尿外科中心,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320441116755873862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441116764262471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, companyId=1320441116755873862, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441116768456776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, companyId=1320441116755873862, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院泌尿外科,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320441116839759945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441116848148554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, companyId=1320441116839759945, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320441116856537163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, companyId=1320441116839759945, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院泌尿外科,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320441120530747508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Mediation model of confrontation and resignation coping styles in the relationship between readiness for hospital discharge and quality of life, figureFileSmall=K9JiQLfDpGrXGPsmtWEKvw==, figureFileBig=psH6sU4PgEVUk54BPifT7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441120597856373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, language=CN, label=图1, caption=面对应对方式、屈服应对方式在出院准备度和生活质量间的中介效应模型图

a: P<0.05; b: P<0.01; c:P<0.001

, figureFileSmall=K9JiQLfDpGrXGPsmtWEKvw==, figureFileBig=psH6sU4PgEVUk54BPifT7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320441120786600054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Evaluation results of readiness for hospital discharge, coping styles, and quality of life in patients after radical prostatectomy (n=161, x¯±s, points)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ScaleDimensionNumber of itemsTotal scoreScore rangeScoreMean item score
RHDSPersonal status3300-3020.17±5.486.72±1.83
Adaptive capacity5505-4834.77±8.426.95±1.68
Anticipated support44011-4029.78±6.927.44±1.73
Total score of RHDS1212028-11684.72±17.967.06±1.50
MCMQConfrontation8329-2919.02±4.022.37±0.50
Avoidance7287-2314.57±2.692.08±0.38
Resignation5205-138.19±2.571.64±0.51
QOLTotal score of quality of life126029-4946.50±7.113.87±0.59
), ArticleFig(id=1320441120853708919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

前列腺癌根治术后患者出院准备度、应对方式及生活质量评价结果(n=161,x¯±s,分)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ScaleDimensionNumber of itemsTotal scoreScore rangeScoreMean item score
RHDSPersonal status3300-3020.17±5.486.72±1.83
Adaptive capacity5505-4834.77±8.426.95±1.68
Anticipated support44011-4029.78±6.927.44±1.73
Total score of RHDS1212028-11684.72±17.967.06±1.50
MCMQConfrontation8329-2919.02±4.022.37±0.50
Avoidance7287-2314.57±2.692.08±0.38
Resignation5205-138.19±2.571.64±0.51
QOLTotal score of quality of life126029-4946.50±7.113.87±0.59
), ArticleFig(id=1320441120920817784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of quality of life in patients after radical prostatectomy (n=161, x¯±s, points)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableCategorynQOLt/FP
Type of surgeryRobot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy12647.80±6.901.9900.048
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy3544.40±7.59
ComorbiditiesYes8645.67±7.56-1.5790.116
No7547.44±6.48
ChemotherapyYes1250.67±9.442.1350.034
No14946.16±6.82
Endocrine therapyYes3844.08±7.84-2.4350.016
No12347.24±6.73
Pelvic lymph node dissectionYes6546.34±7.25-0.2320.817
No9646.60±7.06
Pathological stageⅠ-Ⅱ7147.03±7.490.8410.402
Ⅲ-Ⅳ9046.08±6.81
Gleason score/points≤79446.55±7.020.1190.906
>76746.42±7.30
Age/years<601450.50±5.593.7030.027
60-695947.20±6.60
≥708845.39±7.43
EthnicityHan15746.47±7.12-0.3560.722
Ethnic minority447.75±7.85
Education levelPrimary school or below5845.24±7.34
Junior high school4746.59±6.801.1570.328
High school2247.64±8.67
Associate degree or above3447.76±5.88
Marital statusMarried15346.51±7.080.1000.920
Single (divorced/widowed)846.25±8.22
ResidenceRural area4244.83±7.621.5700.211
Town5247.15±7.36
Urban area6747.03±6.50
Medical insurance typeEmployee health insurance7945.38±7.554.2190.042
Resident health insurance8247.66±6.47
Travel time to hospital/h<0.52049.80±5.603.7350.006
0.5-13547.31±5.94
>1-25446.02±7.42
>2-32242.09±9.16
>33047.43±5.59
Presence of family historyYes15846.59±7.111.1890.236
No341.67±6.11
Duration of preoperative dysuria/year≤111647.22±7.212.1050.037
>14544.62±6.56
), ArticleFig(id=1320441121000509561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

前列腺癌根治术后患者生活质量的单因素分析(n=161,x¯±s,分)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableCategorynQOLt/FP
Type of surgeryRobot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy12647.80±6.901.9900.048
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy3544.40±7.59
ComorbiditiesYes8645.67±7.56-1.5790.116
No7547.44±6.48
ChemotherapyYes1250.67±9.442.1350.034
No14946.16±6.82
Endocrine therapyYes3844.08±7.84-2.4350.016
No12347.24±6.73
Pelvic lymph node dissectionYes6546.34±7.25-0.2320.817
No9646.60±7.06
Pathological stageⅠ-Ⅱ7147.03±7.490.8410.402
Ⅲ-Ⅳ9046.08±6.81
Gleason score/points≤79446.55±7.020.1190.906
>76746.42±7.30
Age/years<601450.50±5.593.7030.027
60-695947.20±6.60
≥708845.39±7.43
EthnicityHan15746.47±7.12-0.3560.722
Ethnic minority447.75±7.85
Education levelPrimary school or below5845.24±7.34
Junior high school4746.59±6.801.1570.328
High school2247.64±8.67
Associate degree or above3447.76±5.88
Marital statusMarried15346.51±7.080.1000.920
Single (divorced/widowed)846.25±8.22
ResidenceRural area4244.83±7.621.5700.211
Town5247.15±7.36
Urban area6747.03±6.50
Medical insurance typeEmployee health insurance7945.38±7.554.2190.042
Resident health insurance8247.66±6.47
Travel time to hospital/h<0.52049.80±5.603.7350.006
0.5-13547.31±5.94
>1-25446.02±7.42
>2-32242.09±9.16
>33047.43±5.59
Presence of family historyYes15846.59±7.111.1890.236
No341.67±6.11
Duration of preoperative dysuria/year≤111647.22±7.212.1050.037
>14544.62±6.56
), ArticleFig(id=1320441121076007034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlations among readiness for hospital discharge, medical coping styles, and quality of life in patients after radical prostatectomy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableTotal score of RHDSPersonal statusAdaptive capacityAnticipated supportConfrontationAvoidanceResignationQOL
Total score of RHDS1
Personal status0.812b1
Adaptive capacity0.910b0.643b1
Anticipated support0.845b0.531b0.634b1
Confrontation0.214b0.164a0.166a0.223b1
Avoidance0.0740.0310.0860.0620.235b1
Resignation-0.299b-0.198a-0.301b-0.252b-0.121-0.0131
QOL0.618b0.532b0.573b0.485b0.361b0.036-0.383b1
), ArticleFig(id=1320441121155698811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

前列腺癌根治术后患者出院准备度、医学应对方式、生活质量的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableTotal score of RHDSPersonal statusAdaptive capacityAnticipated supportConfrontationAvoidanceResignationQOL
Total score of RHDS1
Personal status0.812b1
Adaptive capacity0.910b0.643b1
Anticipated support0.845b0.531b0.634b1
Confrontation0.214b0.164a0.166a0.223b1
Avoidance0.0740.0310.0860.0620.235b1
Resignation-0.299b-0.198a-0.301b-0.252b-0.121-0.0131
QOL0.618b0.532b0.573b0.485b0.361b0.036-0.383b1
), ArticleFig(id=1320441121210224764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Decomposition of total, direct, and mediating effect of confrontation and resignation coping styles

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Effect typeEffectBootSELLCIULCIEffect ratio /%
Total effect0.2360.0270.1820.290100
Direct effect0.1990.0260.1460.25184.11
Mediating effect
RHD-Confrontation-Quality of life0.0160.0090.0020.0366.74
RHD-Resignation-Quality of life0.0220.0100.0060.0449.15
Total mediating effect0.0380.0140.0140.06815.89
), ArticleFig(id=1320441121268945021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320441115342393401, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

面对应对和屈服应对方式总效应、直接效应、中介效应分解表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Effect typeEffectBootSELLCIULCIEffect ratio /%
Total effect0.2360.0270.1820.290100
Direct effect0.1990.0260.1460.25184.11
Mediating effect
RHD-Confrontation-Quality of life0.0160.0090.0020.0366.74
RHD-Resignation-Quality of life0.0220.0100.0060.0449.15
Total mediating effect0.0380.0140.0140.06815.89
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应对方式在前列腺癌根治术后患者出院准备度与生活质量间的中介作用
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顾玲 1 , 陈宇 2 , 刘丹 2 , 李雨威 3 , 颜丽娟 4 , 宋彩萍 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·循证护理前沿 2026,48(7): 953-962
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·循证护理前沿 2026 , 48 (7) : 953 -962
应对方式在前列腺癌根治术后患者出院准备度与生活质量间的中介作用
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顾玲1, 陈宇2, 刘丹2, 李雨威3, 颜丽娟4, 宋彩萍1
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院,护理处,重庆
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院,泌尿外科中心,重庆
  • 3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院泌尿外科,重庆
  • 4陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院泌尿外科,重庆
通讯作者:
宋彩萍,E-mail:
SONG Caiping,E-mail:
Mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between readiness for hospital discharge and quality of life among patients after radical prostatectomy
Ling GU1, Yu CHEN2, Dan LIU2, Yuwei LI3, Lijuan YAN4, Caiping SONG1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Nursing,Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing
  • 2Center of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing
  • 3Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing
  • 4Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512007
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目的

加速康复外科的推广使前列腺癌根治术后患者住院时间缩短,出院时多处于康复关键期,易因排尿障碍、携带尿管等问题导致出院准备不足。出院准备度虽已被证实是影响患者预后的重要因素,但其对生活质量的作用机制尚未不明确。本研究基于压力与应对理论,探讨应对方式在前列腺癌根治术后患者出院准备度与生活质量间的中介作用,为开展针对性过渡期护理干预提供依据。

方法

采用前瞻性纵向研究设计,于2024年8月至2025年9月,便利选取重庆市3家三级甲等医院泌尿外科的161名前列腺癌根治术后患者作为调查对象。在出院前24 h内,采用一般资料调查表、出院准备度量表(Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale,RHDS)、医学应对方式量表(Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire,MCMQ)进行调查;术后1个月采用生活质量(Quality of Life,QOL)评分进行现场测评或电话测评。运用Process宏程序Model 4构建中介效应模型,检验应对方式的中介效应。

结果

161例前列腺癌根治术后患者RHDS得分为(84.72±17.96)分,应对方式三个维度得分分别为:面对维度(19.02±4.02)分、回避维度(14.57±2.69)分、屈服维度(8.19±2.57)分,QOL得分为(46.50±7.11)分。Pearson 相关分析结果显示:生活质量总分与出院准备度总分及各维度得分呈正相关(r=0.485~0.618,P<0.01),与医学应对方式中面对维度呈正相关(r=0.361,P<0.01),与回避维度无显著相关性,与屈服维度呈负相关(r=-0.383,P<0.01)。Process中介效应分析提示:前列腺癌根治术后患者应对方式在出院准备度与生活质量间的中介效应值为0.038,95%CI为0.014~0.068,总中介效应显著(P<0.01)。中介效应占比15.89%,面对应对和屈服应对分别占6.74%和9.15%。

结论

应对方式在出院准备度与生活质量间起部分中介作用,且减少屈服应对的中介效应更强。提示临床应重点识别并干预屈服应对倾向患者,以提升生活质量。

前列腺切除术  /  病人出院  /  生活质量  /  应对技巧  /  中介效应
Objective

The promotion of enhanced recovery after surgery has shortened hospital stay of patients after radical prostatectomy, with most being discharged during the critical recovery period. These patients are prone to inadequate discharge preparation due to issues such as urinary dysfunction and indwelling catheterization. Although readiness for hospital discharge has been regarded as an important factor influencing patient prognosis, the mechanism by which it affects quality of life remains unclear. Based on the stress and coping theories, this study aims to explore the mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between readiness for hospital discharge and quality of life among patients after radical prostatectomy, providing evidence for developing targeted transitional care interventions.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal study design was adopted. From August 2024 to September 2025, 161 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in the urology departments of 3 tertiary grade A hospitals in Chongqing were conveniently selected as the survey subjects. Within 24 h before discharge, the general information questionnaire, Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS), and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) were used for the investigation. Quality of Life (QOL) score was assessed through on-site or telephone evaluation at 1 month after surgery. The Process macro program Model 4 was utilized to construct a mediating effect model to test the mediating effect of coping styles.

Results

The mean RHDS score of the 161 patients after radical prostatectomy was 84.72±17.96. The 3 dimensions of coping styles scored as follows: confrontation 19.02±4.02, avoidance 14.57±2.69, and resignation 8.19±2.57. The QOL score was 46.50±7.11. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of quality of life was positively correlated with the total score of discharge readiness and the scores of each dimension (r=0.485 to 0.618, P<0.01), positively correlated with the confrontation dimension of medical coping modes (r=0.361, P<0.01), not significantly correlated with the avoidance dimension, and negatively with the resignation dimension (r=-0.383, P<0.01). Process mediating effect analysis indicated that the mediating effect value of coping styles between readiness for hospital discharge and quality of life was 0.038, with a 95%CI of 0.014 to 0.068, and the total mediating effect was significant (P<0.01). The mediation effect accounted for 15.89% of the total effect, with confrontation coping and resignation coping accounting for 6.74% and 9.15%, respectively.

Conclusion

Coping styles play a partial mediating role between readiness for hospital discharge and quality of life, with the mediating effect of reducing resignation coping being stronger. This suggests that clinicians should focus on identifying and intervening in patients with resignation coping tendencies to improve quality of life.

prostatectomy  /  patient discharge  /  quality of life  /  coping skills  /  mediation effect
顾玲, 陈宇, 刘丹, 李雨威, 颜丽娟, 宋彩萍. 应对方式在前列腺癌根治术后患者出院准备度与生活质量间的中介作用. 陆军军医大学学报, 2026 , 48 (7) : 953 -962 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512007
Ling GU, Yu CHEN, Dan LIU, Yuwei LI, Lijuan YAN, Caiping SONG. Mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between readiness for hospital discharge and quality of life among patients after radical prostatectomy[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2026 , 48 (7) : 953 -962 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512007
前列腺癌是威胁老年男性健康的主要恶性肿瘤,全球疾病负担日益加重[1-3]。前列腺癌根治术(radical prostatectomy,RP)是局限性前列腺癌的首选治疗方式之一[4]。近年来,随着加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)的推广,前列腺癌根治术后患者平均住院时长从10 d减少至5 d[5]。住院时间的压缩在提升医疗效率的同时,也使患者出院时更早地处于术后康复的关键窗口期。此时,患者常面临排尿功能障碍、疼痛及携带尿管等多重挑战,且以老年人群为主,其认知水平、接收信息能力相对较低,易对居家康复产生显著不确定感与焦虑,从而导致出院准备不足[6-7]。出院准备度(readiness for hospital discharge,RHD)是综合评估患者在生理、心理及社会层面是否具备安全出院、回归社会进行康复的能力[8]。充分的出院准备度是保障患者安全、顺利实现从医院到家庭过渡的核心要素[9],已被证实是预测再入院风险、康复效果及长期生活质量的重要变量[10]。应对方式作为个体在面对疾病相关压力时所采取的认知与行为策略,在慢病管理领域,已被证实是连接内在认知与外在心理社会因素与生活质量的关键中介变量[11-14]。然而,在RP术后患者从医院到家庭的过渡情境中,出院准备度是否通过影响其应对方式,进而影响生活质量,这一机制尚未得到充分验证。
因此,本研究基于压力与应对理论框架[15],假设应对方式在RP术后患者的出院准备度与术后生活质量之间起中介作用,构建并验证中介模型,为过渡期护理提供理论解释,并为开发以优化应对方式的个体化出院干预方案提供实证依据。
本研究采用前瞻性纵向研究设计,遵循GRIMES和SCHULZ对临床研究分类的准则[16]。在该框架下,选取在患者出院前这一特定时点,采用一般资料调查表、出院准备度量表(Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale, RHDS)、医学应对方式量表(Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire,MCMQ)在出院前24 h内进行调查;术后1个月采用癌症患者生活质量(Quality of Life,QOL)评分进行调查,以探索出院准备度与生活质量间的关联路径。
2024年8月至2025年9月,采用便利抽样方法,选取重庆市陆军军医大学第二附属医院、陆军军医大学第一附属医院、陆军特色医学中心泌尿外科住院治疗的前列腺癌根治术后患者作为研究对象。纳入标准:①经前列腺穿刺病理检查确诊为前列腺癌;②已接受根治性前列腺切除术;③认知及沟通能力正常可配合研究。排除标准:①合并其他严重心、肺、肾以及脑血管疾病或严重术后并发症;②合并其他恶性肿瘤;③存在听力障碍,无法有效配合完成问卷调查者。本研究主要结局指标为术后1个月生活质量总分,属于连续型变量,且主要统计分析包括多元回归及中介效应分析,因此样本量采用基于多元线性回归的经验方法进行估算。根据GREEN[17]提出的样本量估算原则,整体回归模型所需样本量满足n≥50+8×m,其中m为拟纳入回归模型的自变量数量。结合本研究拟分析的出院准备度、应对方式及相关人口学和疾病学变量,估计自变量约10~12个,故理论样本量至少为130~146例。再考虑约10%~15%的无效问卷率及术后随访失访率,最终估算所需样本量为145~172例。本研究已通过陆军军医大学第二附属医院伦理委员会审批(2024-研第239-01)。调查对象均知情同意,自愿参与本研究。
该调查表由课题组成员通过查阅相关文献和讨论后共同设计完成,包括年龄、就诊医院、民族、婚姻状态、文化程度、居住地、医保类型、居住地至医院所需时间、术前排尿困难时间、病理类型、手术方式、是否合并慢性病、是否合并内分泌治疗、是否合并化疗、是否行淋巴清扫、病理分期、格里森评分(Gleason Score,GS)。
该量表由WEISS等[18]学者于2006年开发,用于评估患者出院前的准备情况。2014年,LIN等[19]将其翻译为中文版本,并对该量表进行了信度和效度检验,证实其适用于国内患者群体。该中文版量表共包含12个条目,涵盖3个维度:个人状态(3个条目)、适应能力(5个条目)和预期性支持(4个条目)。所有条目均采用0~10分计分法,总分0~120分,得分越高,表示患者的出院准备度越好。量表条目均分分为4个等级:>9分表示患者出院准备充分,8~9分表示较高水平,7~<8分表示中等水平,<7分表示未做好出院准备[20]。在信效度方面,该量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.89,内容效度为0.88,本研究中量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.89。
该问卷由Herman Feifel等编制,我国学者沈晓红[21]将其汉化,采用Likert 4级评分法,其中8个条目需要进行反向计分。包含面对维度(8个条目),回避维度(7个条目),屈服维度(5个条目),共20个条目,各维度得分分别为8~32分、7~28分、5~20分。原量表各维度的Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.69、0.60、0.73,本研究中该量表各维度的Cronbach’s α系数为0.701、0.658、0.776。
QOL评分表12个条目均按1~5分评价,总分为60分。生活质量水平依据总分进行划分:得分≤20分代表生活质量极差,21~30分为生活质量较差,31~40分为生活质量一般,41~50分为生活质量较好,51~60分生活质量良好;得分越高,提示生活质量越好[22]。本研究中量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.842。
于2024年6—7月,在重庆市某三甲医院便利选取10名符合标准的患者,通过问卷星平台实施预调查。针对预调查中发现的高龄患者阅读困难等问题,增加纸质版问卷发放方式。正式调查于2024年8月至2025年9月进行,在重庆市3家三甲医院泌尿外科病区独立安静场所,由经统一培训的2名专人负责指导患者出院前24 h内填写纸质或电子问卷。问卷内容包括:一般资料调查表、RHDS、MCMQ;术后1个月护士通过门诊随访现场指导患者填写QOL评分表,对不能返院复查者通过电话随访评估生活质量评分。问卷回收后由双人核对录入数据。共发放问卷168份,剔除数据缺失较多、逻辑不一致等无效问卷7份,最终回收有效问卷161份,有效问卷回收率为95.83%。
本研究使用Excel进行数据录入,采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料以频数(%)表示,符合正态分布的计量资料以x¯±s描述。单因素分析中,组间比较采用t检验或方差分析;采用Pearson相关分析出院准备度、应对方式及生活质量之间的关联。在检验应对方式的中介作用时,采用Process宏程序中的Model 4构建中介效应模型,为减少多重共线性对回归系数估计的潜在影响,对连续性变量出院准备度总分及中介变量面对应对得分、屈服应对得分进行了中心化处理。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
161例患者中,年龄:45~89(69.19±6.58)岁。婚姻状况:已婚153例,占95%,单身(含离异、丧偶)8例,占5%。文化程度:小学及以下58例,占36%,初中47例,占29.2%,高中22例,占13.7%,大专及以上34例,占21.1%。居住地:城市67例,占41.6%,城镇52例,占32.3%,农村42例,占26.1%。在医疗支付方式上,职工医保79例,占49.1%,居民医保82例,占50.9%。
研究结果显示,前列腺癌根治术后患者出院准备度总分(84.72±17.96)分,条目均分(7.06±1.50)分,处于中等水平。应对方式3个维度得分分别为面对维度(19.02±4.02)分、回避维度(14.57±2.69)分、屈服维度(8.19±2.57)分,得分由高到低依次为面对、回避、屈服,提示患者在面对疾病时更多采取面对应对方式,屈服心态较弱。生活质量得分为(46.50±7.11)分,处于较好水平(表1)。
RP术后患者生活质量得分在是否合并慢性病、是否行淋巴结清扫、病理分期、Gleason评分、民族、婚姻状态、文化程度、居住地、是否携带尿管出院上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在手术方式、是否合并化疗、是否合并内分泌治疗、年龄、医保类型、居住地至医院时间、术前排尿困难时间上存在显著差异(P<0.05,表2)。
Pearson相关分析结果显示,前列腺癌根治术后患者的出院准备度总分及各维度得分与医学应对方式中面对维度呈正相关(r=0.164~0.223,P<0.05或P<0.01),与回避维度无显著相关(P>0.05),与屈服维度呈负相关(r=-0.198~-0.301,P<0.05或P<0.01)。生活质量总分与出院准备度总分及各维度得分呈正相关(r=0.485~0.618,P<0.01),与医学应对方式中面对维度呈正相关(r=0.361,P<0.01),与回避维度无显著相关,与屈服维度呈负相关(r=-0.383,P<0.01),见表3。
为明确出院准备度对生活质量的作用机制,本研究以中心化后的出院准备度总分为自变量,分别以面对应对与屈服应对作为并行中介变量,生活质量总分为因变量。将手术方式、是否合并化疗、是否合并内分泌治疗、年龄、医保类型、居住地至医院时间、术前排尿困难时间设定为协变量。采用Process宏程序中的Model 4,并采用Bootstrap法(重复抽样5 000次)进行中介效应检验。
中介分析结果显示:出院准备度对生活质量的总效应显著,为0.236(P<0.001),加入两种应对方式后,出院准备度对生活质量的直接效应值降低,为0.199(P<0.001),表明存在部分中介。路径上,出院准备度正向影响面对应对(P<0.05),面对应对正向影响生活质量(P<0.001);出院准备度负向影响屈服应对(P<0.01);屈服应对负向影响生活质量(P<0.01),见图1。
使用Bootstrap法对样本进行5 000次重复抽取进行检验,结果显示:总中介效应为0.038(95%CI:0.014~0.068),其置信区间不包含0,表明应对方式在出院准备度与生活质量间起部分中介作用。其中,经面对应对的中介效应为0.016(95%CI:0.002~0.036),屈服应对的中介效应为0.022(95%CI:0.006~0.044),见表4。
本研究结果显示,RP术后患者出院准备度得分为(84.72±17.96)分,条目均分为(7.06±1.50)分,处于中等水平,表明相当一部分患者身心与认知并未对即将发生的角色与环境变化做好充分准备。与虞婷婷[23]、袁丽娟等[24]的研究一致,与食管癌[25]和口腔癌[26]术后患者相比,其准备度偏低,这凸显了前列腺癌根治术过渡期的特殊性,包括术前的排尿困扰与术后携带尿管、尿失禁管理等复杂自我照护任务,同时,患者高龄化(≥70岁者占54.7%)与有限的文化水平等个人条件,可能削弱其处理过渡期复杂信息与技能要求的能力。尽管多数患者拥有潜在的家庭社会支持(居住在城镇/城市73.9%),但若该支持系统未被有效评估与赋能,便无法从潜在的社会资源转化为支持平稳过渡的实际环境条件。因此,医务工作者可通过强化核心知识教育、持续技能训练、动态效果评估,提高患者术后自我护理水平,消除其心理顾虑。此外,医护人员可针对RP术后尿失禁、性功能障碍等并发症可能导致的心理焦虑进行治疗性沟通,并采取相应干预措施以激励患者积极进行术后康复训练,促进康复。
本研究结果显示,在应对方式的三个维度中,面对维度(19.02±4.02)分、回避维度(14.57±2.69)分、屈服维度(8.19±2.57)分,得分由高到低依次为面对、回避、屈服。表明大多数患者在出院时倾向于采取积极应对策略,包括主动获取疾病信息,参与治疗决策,从而解决术后相关问题[27]。本研究中患者面对应对得分略高于既往研究[28],可能与其正处于出院准备期,仍可获得医护人员的专业指导和支持,因而更倾向于采取积极应对方式有关。与此同时,医务人员应重点关注采取回避和屈服两种消极应对方式患者。对于因携带尿管畏惧社交、性功能受损回避亲密关系、担心癌症复发持续焦虑等患者,往往对康复相关的有益信息表现出消极的回避行为,导致社会支持信息网络断裂,致使其康复不佳,甚至逐渐畏惧社交并阻碍重返社会[29]。而当萌生控尿功能受损、勃起功能障碍等无法恢复的错误认知时,更倾向于选择放弃症状管理、康复干预与后续治疗的屈服应对方式,对术后康复产生严重不良影响[30]。临床工作中应注重评估患者的应对方式,及早识别消极应对倾向,并通过系统化、延续性、针对性干预,如案例分享、同伴支持等方法帮助患者重拾康复信心;借助微信公众号或小程序等途径推送积极行为疗法,充分调动患者主观能动性,增强应对疾病能力,提高治疗信心,进一步改善生活质量。
本研究结果显示,RP术后患者生活质量得分为(46.50±7.11)分,根据QOL评分标准41~50分为较好水平)表明患者整体生活质量处于较好状态。然而,这一得分仅略高于较好阈值,距离良好水平(51~60分)仍有明显差距,提示术后1个月生活质量未达到最优,亟须通过针对性干预进一步优化。本研究中患者生活质量水平略高于戴彩霞的研究[31],这可能归因于本样本中接受内分泌治疗的患者比例较低(23.6%),若纳入更多接受综合治疗(如手术联合内分泌或放疗)的患者,生活质量可能因治疗副作用,如潮热、疲劳及情绪困扰而显著降低[32-36]。此外,本研究中出院准备度仅处于中等水平,且应对方式中部分患者采用回避、屈服应对方式,这进一步制约了生活质量的提升。因此,不能因较好的生活质量得分而忽视潜在问题,反而应关注接受综合治疗,如手术联合内分泌或放疗患者,通过提升出院准备度、优化应对策略,促进生活质量提升。
本研究发现,出院准备度不仅直接正向预测RP患者术后生活质量,还通过面对应对和屈服应对两条并行路径间接影响生活质量,总中介效应为0.038(95%CI:0.014~0.068),中介效应占比15.89%,这一结果揭示了出院准备度影响生活质量的内部机制,也为临床干预提供了可操作的靶点。本研究中出院准备度正向预测面对应对(P<0.05),面对应对正向预测生活质量(P<0.001),中介效应占比6.74%。表明出院准备度越充分的患者,越倾向于以面对方式应对疾病。他们更愿意关注漏尿、性功能障碍等困扰,积极参与盆底肌康复训练、主动寻求医院社区支持,坚持参与全程康复管理,从而改善其生活质量。同时,出院准备度负向预测屈服应对(P<0.01),屈服应对负向预测生活质量(P<0.01),中介效应值为0.022(95%CI:0.006~0.044),占总效应的9.15%,表明相比提升面对应对,降低屈服应对是一条效应更显著且占比更大的路径。在出院过渡期,高出院准备度的患者,更少陷入屈服的消极应对方式,患者不会轻易放弃与病魔抗争和追求康复的主观努力,而屈服应对水平的降低,又会显著减少其对生活质量的损害。这一结果与既往在宫颈癌[37]、乳腺癌[38]患者中的研究一致。提示从医院到家庭的过渡期,措施应优先聚焦于有效识别并减少患者的屈服应对倾向,避免患者被压力击垮而采取屈服应对方式,并通过更长时间或更综合的支持[39-40]充分激活面对策略。
本研究揭示的中介路径,可基于LAZARUS[15]的压力与应对交易模型进行阐释:出院本身构成一个健康相关压力源,出院准备度反映了患者是否具备安全出院回归社会的能力,而应对方式则是面对压力时患者采取的认知与行为策略,二者共同影响生活质量这一结局。其内在逻辑可能在于:出院准备度通过资源赋能与认知重构两大心理社会过程影响应对方式。良好的出院准备度通过提供清晰的康复预期和症状管理方案,降低患者对未知的恐惧与不确定感,从而减少屈服应对。同时,出院准备所涵盖的自我护理技能与支持资源信息,赋予患者具体的应对工具,有助于促进其采取面对应对策略。这一发现与慢病管理研究的结论一致[41-43]:当患者做好充分知识、技能、心理准备,就更可能采取适应性应对策略,从而获得更好康复效果。这为制定针对性的出院支持方案提供了重要依据,临床应形成从知识传递、技能提升到心理激励与效果反馈的完整赋能路径。从而逐步增强患者的疾病认知、自我管理能力与康复信心,促进其在术后康复中选择正确的应对策略,从根本上提升生活质量。
本研究也存在一些局限性。首先,使用的便利抽样方法可能导致样本代表性不足,存在选择偏倚的风险。虽然采取了3家医院的多中心研究,但所有样本均来自三级医院,可能在一定程度上制约推广性。其次,本研究发现应对方式在出院准备度与生活质量间的中介作用虽有统计学意义,但效应占比较小,提示尚存在其他潜在影响因素或作用路径有待进一步探索。未来可引入更多相关变量,以更全面地揭示其作用机制,为优化RP术后患者生活质量提供参考。
综上所述,RP术后患者生活质量较好,出院准备度处于中等水平,大部分患者采取积极应对方式,且应对方式在出院准备度与生活质量间发挥部分中介效应,揭示出院准备不仅直接影响生活质量,还可通过减少屈服应对和促进面对应对间接改善康复结局。为临床开展针对性出院指导与心理行为干预,进而提升RP术后患者生活质量提供了理论依据。

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2026年第48卷第7期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202512007
  • 接收时间:2025-12-02
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-02
  • 修回日期:2026-02-12
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院,护理处,重庆
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院,泌尿外科中心,重庆
    3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院泌尿外科,重庆
    4陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院泌尿外科,重庆

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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