Article(id=1320434417965842606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320434416447500876, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762272000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-05, revisedDate=1764518400000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792745697728, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792745697728, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792745697728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792745697728, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320434416447500876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792745697366, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792749679774, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320451119940227660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320434416447500876, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320451119940227661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320434416447500876, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=75, endPage=85, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320434418196529328, articleId=1320434417965842606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Biomarkers for hemorrhagic shock at high-altitude based on metabolomics and machine learning: Identification and validation of D-inositol-4-phosphate, phosalone and methionine, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To systematically investigate the metabolic characteristics of hemorrhagic shock (HS) under simulated high-altitude conditions by integrating metabolomics and machine learning algorithms, and screen the biomarkers for predicting HS under these conditions.
Methods Eighty SPF-grade male SD rats (10 to 12 weeks old, weighing 180 to 220 g) were randomly divided into a sham operation group (Sham) and an uncontrolled HS group (UHS), with 40 animals in each group. All rats were placed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber to simulate an altitude of 5 000 m for 48 h. After removal from the chamber, the rats were given an injection of oleic acid immediately via tail vein, and then in 30 min latter, those from the UHS group were induced to free bleeding by splenic artery transection, with the endpoint set at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg. Thus, a rat model of HS under stimulated high-altitude conditions was established. Metabolomic analysis was performed on the serum samples to identify differential metabolites between the Sham and UHS groups. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out to identify metabolites associated with UHS. Three machine learning methods, including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression, random forest (RF), and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) were employed to identify relevant biomarkers for HS at high-altitude. Based on 10-fold cross-validation, the diagnostic performance of the biomarkers was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.
Results Principal component analysis (PCA) of the metabolomic data showed clear separation between the samples from the Sham and UHS groups. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) further confirmed significant differences in metabolic profiles between the 2 groups. There were 5 398 metabolites identified, with the UHS group having 391 metabolites significantly down-regulated (VIP>1, FC<1/1.5, P<0.05) and 1 181 metabolites obviously up-regulated (VIP>1, FC>1.5, P<0.05) when compared to the Sham group. Among the metabolites, the most altered metabolites were lipids, including FFA (18:2), FFA (18:1), FFA (12:0), FFA (14:0), ergosterol, mesaconic acid, suberic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and PC [22:5 (4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)/22:6 (4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)], and then followed by organic acids and derivatives, such as methionine, citrulline, creatine, L-lactic acid, oxalacetic acid, and 2-acetolactate. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that these differential metabolites were mainly involved in glutamine metabolism, taurine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, as well as glycerophospholipid metabolism. WGCNA analysis found that MEturquoise module exhibited the strongest positive correlation with UHS (R=0.95, P=8e-40), while the MEsalmon module showed the strongest negative correlation with UHS (R=-0.67, P=2e-11). With thresholds of |Gene Significance (GS)|>0.2 and |Module Membership (MM)|>0.8, 344 characteristic metabolites were identified, and all of them were significantly associated with HS in a high-altitude environment. The 3 machine learning algorithms yielded 3 biomarkers, that is, methionine, D-inositol-4-phosphate and phosalone. Significantly increased D-inositol-4-phosphate and phosalone while decreased methionine were observed in the UHS group than the Sham group. ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC values of D-inositol-4-phosphate, phosalone and methionine were 0.988, 0.950 and 0.988, respectively, indicating that the 3 biomarkers having good predictive efficiency for HS under simulated high-altitude condition.
Conclusion HS rats under simulated high-altitude conditions present significantly disturbed metabolic profiles, characterized by substantial changes across multiple pathways. The metabolites D-inositol-4-phosphate, phosalone and methionine may serve as potential biomarkers for predicting the occurrence or evaluating the severity of HS in high-altitude environments.
, authors=Yuanqun ZHOU, Xinming XIANG, Xingnan OUYANG, Jie ZHANG, Zisen ZHANG, Liangming LIU, Tao LI, authorsList=Yuanqun ZHOU, Xinming XIANG, Xingnan OUYANG, Jie ZHANG, Zisen ZHANG, Liangming LIU, Tao LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tao LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2026 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320434419400294588, articleId=1320434417965842606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=基于代谢组学与机器学习筛选高原失血性休克诊断标志物:D-inositol-4-phosphate、Phosalone与Methionine的鉴定与验证, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 整合代谢组学与机器学习算法研究模拟高原条件下失血性休克的代谢特征,筛选高原环境失血性休克的潜在诊断生物标志物。
方法 10~12周龄、体质量180~220 g SPF级雄性SD大鼠80只按随机数字表法分为(n=40):假手术(Sham)组和休克(uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock,UHS)组。大鼠放置于低压缺氧舱(模拟海拔5 000 m高原环境)喂养48 h,出舱后立即经尾静脉注射油酸,30 min后,离断脾动脉使其自由出血,待平均动脉血压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)降至40 mmHg,建立模拟高原条件下的失血性休克模型。采集2组大鼠的血清,通过代谢组学分析鉴定差异代谢物。通过加权基因共表达网络分析(weighted gene co-expression network analysis,WGCNA)识别与休克相关的代谢物,利用LASSO(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator)回归、随机森林(random forest,RF)、支持向量机递归特征消除(support vector machine-recursive feature elimination,SVM-RFE)3种机器学习方法鉴定失血性休克的生物标志物。基于十折交叉验证进行受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析,计算平均曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),以评估生物标志物的诊断性能。
结果 代谢组学数据主成分分析结果显示Sham组样本和UHS组样本明显分离,正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)进一步证实2组血清样本的代谢模式存在明显差异。共鉴定到5 398个代谢物,与Sham组相比,UHS组有391个代谢物显著下调(VIP>1,FC<1/1.5,P<0.05),1 181个代谢物显著上调(VIP>1,FC>1.5,P<0.05)。其中,变化最多的是脂质类代谢物,包括FFA(18:2)、FFA(18:1)、FFA(12:0) 、FFA(14:0)、Ergosterol、Mesaconic acid、Suberic acid、gamma-Linolenic acid和 PC[22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)]等,其次是有机酸及衍生物类代谢物,包括Methionine、Citrulline、Creatine、L-Lactic acid、Oxalacetic acid和2-Acetolactate等。代谢通路富集分析显示这些差异代谢物主要参与谷氨酰胺代谢,牛磺酸代谢,丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢以及甘油磷脂代谢等。WGCNA分析结果显示MEturquoise模块与UHS呈最强正相关(R=0.95,P=8e-40),MEsalmon模块与UHS呈最强负相关(R=-0.67,P=2e-11)。进一步以|基因显著性(gene significance,GS)|>0.2和|模块隶属度(module membership,MM)|>0.8为标准进行筛选,共获得344个与高原环境失血性休克显著相关的特征代谢物。通过LASSO回归、RF和SVM-RFE 3种机器学习算法筛选出3种生物标志物,分别是Methionine、D-inositol-4-phosphate和Phosalone。与Sham组相比,UHS组中D-inositol-4-phosphate和Phosalone的含量显著升高,而Methionine的含量显著降低。ROC曲线分析结果显示D-inositol-4-phosphate、Phosalone和Methionine的平均AUC分别为0.988、0.950和0.988,表明这3种代谢物对模拟高原条件下失血性休克具有良好的预测能力。
结论 模拟高原条件下失血性休克大鼠的代谢特征明显紊乱,多条代谢途径发生显著改变,代谢物D-inositol-4-phosphate、Phosalone和Methionine可能成为预测高原环境下失血性休克发生或判断休克程度的生物标志物。
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1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院战伤休克与输血研究室,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室,重庆)])]), Author(id=1320434419987497158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320434420071383240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, authorId=1320434419987497158, language=EN, stringName=Xinming XIANG, firstName=Xinming, middleName=null, lastName=XIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=
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1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院战伤休克与输血研究室,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室,重庆)])]), Author(id=1320434420201406667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320434420293681357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, authorId=1320434420201406667, language=EN, stringName=Xingnan OUYANG, firstName=Xingnan, middleName=null, lastName=OUYANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=
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243: 116097., articleTitle=Plasma metabolomics identifies S-adenosylmethionine as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for vascular aging in older adult males, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320434419647758525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320434419656147134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, companyId=1320434419647758525, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院战伤休克与输血研究室,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320434422571188459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Serum metabolomics analysis of Sham and UHS rats in high-altitude conditions, figureFileSmall=ZPnmZwESAus18PnOnWqiPg==, figureFileBig=Sm4GBxW9XuqhzvaoToriRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320434422659268844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
高原环境下Sham和UHS大鼠血清代谢组学分析A: Principal component analysis; B: Validation plot of OPLS-DA model (when the Q2 fitted line intercepts the Y-axis below 0, it indicates the model results are reliable); C: Score plot of OPLS-DA model; D: S-plot of OPLS-DA model. UHS: Uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock; OPLS-DA: Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis
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Differential metabolites and functional enrichment in hemorrhagic shock under high-altitude conditions, figureFileSmall=ABWcuwhQXHGvBL6uZFoJ6Q==, figureFileBig=3nIdUiqmoSZYUv77YEVBUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320434423078699246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
高原环境失血性休克差异代谢物及功能富集A: Relative abundance of metabolite in each group; B: Volcano plot of differential metabolites; C: HMDB super class classification volcano plot of differential metabolites; D: Functional enrichment analysis of differential metabolites
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Screening of characteristic metabolites in hemorrhagic shock under high-altitude conditions, figureFileSmall=8ik9hj0DUxMyzFdFv814bA==, figureFileBig=nyLsyXax3FcGXA0sNlPn0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320434423372300528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
高原环境失血性休克特征代谢物筛选A: Sample clustering; B: Selection of power =6 as soft threshold through combined analysis of scale independence and mean connectivity; C: Metabolite co-expression modules; D: Heatmap of module-UHS correlations; E; Correlation plot in the turquoise module; F: Correlation plot between metabolite members and significance in the salmon module. UHS: Uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock
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Screening of biomarkers for hemorrhagic shock in high-altitude conditions using three machine learning algorithms, figureFileSmall=sHQcSkOTJrqnLiyrbpf08Q==, figureFileBig=+HTec1mupu3AScNAzZRFhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320434423804313842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
3种机器学习算法筛选高原环境失血性休克生物标志物A: Venn diagram showing the intersection of differential metabolites and characteristic metabolites; B, C: LASSO regression algorithm identifies 10 candidate biomarkers; D, E: SVM-RFE algorithm identifies 13 candidate biomarkers; F, G: RF algorithm identifies 44 candidate biomarkers; H: Venn diagram showing the intersection of candidate biomarkers obtained by the 3 machine learning algorithms. LASSO: Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; RF: Random forest; SVM-RFE: Support vector machine-recursive feature elimination
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Expression and diagnostic performance evaluation of potential biomarkers, figureFileSmall=/wwWo9bic8VOyHFTvC+WTg==, figureFileBig=zm4gazzPzvuxI7mOdRlNaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320434424206967028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320434417965842606, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
潜在生物标志物的表达及诊断性能评估A: Heatmap displaying the expression of biomarkers identified by 2 or any 2 machine learning algorithms; B~D: ROC curves of potential biomarkers D-inositol-4-phosphate (B), phosalone (C) and methionine (D), with corresponding mean AUC and 95%CI values
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