Article(id=1320435779348836395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320435745685360670, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510082, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761494400000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-27, revisedDate=1764777600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792746022306, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746022306, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746022306, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746022306, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320435745685360670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2026', volume='48', issue='3', pageStart='251', pageEnd='386', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746014281, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792749703323, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320451218711892582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320435745685360670, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320451218711892583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1320435745685360670, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=337, endPage=344, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320435781219495980, articleId=1320435779348836395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Improved visualization with an adjustable-light modified macroscopic on-site evaluation technique enhances specimen adequacy and diagnostic accuracy in EUS-FNA for pancreatic lesions: A randomized crossover trial, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Determine whether a modified macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE) technique, by enhancing visualization of the macroscopic visible core (MVC) in 22G/25G fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens, improves specimen adequacy and pathological diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

This single-center, prospective, randomized crossover trial enrolled 90 consecutive patients with solid pancreatic lesions scheduled for EUS-FNA from the Department of Gastroenterology at the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu between February 2023 and August 2024. Patients were randomly assigned (1∶1) via a computer-generated sequence to Group A (first pass using traditional MOSE, second pass using modified MOSE) or Group B (first pass using modified MOSE, second pass using traditional MOSE). The core modification was the use of an adjustable white light source from 35 to 1 700 LUX at a fixed distance (37.2 mm) from the slide. Specimen adequacy was defined as MVC≥4 mm. The primary outcome was the specimen adequacy rate between groups. Secondary outcomes included the diagnostic accuracy of cytopathology and histopathology. Bias was controlled through blinded assessment (pathologists and data analysts were unaware of group allocation) and standardized operating procedures.

Results

The specimen adequacy rate was significantly higher in the modified MOSE group (70.0%, 95%CI: 59.9 to 78.5%) than in the traditional MOSE group (43.3%, 95%CI: 33.6 to 54.6%; χ²=13.714, P<0.001). The modified MOSE group also demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy for both cytopathology [94.4%(95%CI: 87.7%~97.6%) vs 85.6%(95%CI: 76.8%~91.4%),χ2=4.9, P=0.021) and histopathology of tissue strips [95.6%(95%CI: 89.1%~98.3%) vs 83.3%(95%CI: 76.8%~91.4%),χ2=7.69, P=0.003]. Subgroup analysis based on needle gauge demonstrated that for the 22G needle, which constituted 87.8% (79/90) of cases, the modified MOSE demonstrated statistically significant advantages over the traditional MOSE in the following outcomes: specimen adequacy rate [65.8% (95%CI: 55.1% to 76.5%) vs 41.8% (95%CI: 30.7% to 52.9%), P=0.003], cytological diagnostic accuracy [93.7% (95%CI: 88.1% to 99.2%) vs 84.8% (95%CI: 76.7% to 92.9%), P=0.039], and histological diagnostic accuracy [94.9% (95%CI: 90.0% to 99.9%) vs 82.3% (95%CI: 73.7% to 90.9%), P=0.013].

Conclusion

Modified MOSE can enhance the visualization of the MVC in specimens obtained by 22G/25G FNA, thereby improving the specimen adequacy rate and pathological diagnostic accuracy.

, authors=Xi ZHOU1, Jing SHAN1, 2, Mengyi DENG2, Dan LUO2, Ming ZHAO1, Xiaobin SUN1, Lin JIANG1, authorsList=Xi ZHOU, Jing SHAN, Mengyi DENG, Dan LUO, Ming ZHAO, Xiaobin SUN, Lin JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lin JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2026 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320435783366979635, articleId=1320435779348836395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=采用可调节光源改良宏观现场评估技术可显著提升EUS-FNA胰腺标本充足率与诊断准确率:一项随机交叉对照试验, columnId=1320435175822050102, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

明确改良宏观现场评估(macroscopic on-site evaluation ,MOSE)能否提升22G/25G FNA标本中核心组织条(macroscopic visible core,MVC)的可视化效果,进而提高标本充足率及病理诊断准确性。

方法

本研究为单中心、前瞻性、随机交叉对照试验,连续纳入2023年2月至2024年8月成都市第三人民医院消化内科拟行超声内镜引导下细针穿刺抽吸术(endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration,EUS-FNA)的胰腺实性占位患者90例。患者通过计算机生成的随机序列按1∶1分配至A组(第一针采用传统MOSE,第二针采用改良MOSE)或B组(第一针采用改良MOSE,第二针采用传统MOSE)。改良MOSE的核心参数为:白光强度调节范围为35~1 700 LUX,光源发光面与标本载玻片底部距离固定为37.2 mm,以MVC≥4 mm定义为标本充足。主要结局指标为2组的标本充足率,次要结局指标为细胞病理及组织病理诊断准确率。研究通过盲法评估(病理医师及数据分析人员不知情分组)、标准化操作流程控制偏倚。

结果

改良MOSE组的标本充足率显著高于传统MOSE组[70.0%(95%CI:59.9%~78.5%) vs 43.3%(95%CI:33.6%~54.6%),χ²=13.714,P<0.001]。次要结局方面,改良MOSE组的细胞病理诊断准确率[94.4%(95%CI: 87.7%~97.6%) vs 85.6%(95%CI: 76.8%~91.4%),χ2=4.9, P=0.021)及组织条病理诊断准确率[95.6%(95%CI: 89.1%~98.3%) vs 83.3%(95%CI: 76.8%~91.4%),χ2=7.69, P=0.003]均显著优于传统MOSE组。在针型的亚组分析中显示,在占比87.8%(79/90)的22G针型中,改良MOSE组的标本充足率[65.8%(95%CI:55.1%~76.5%) vs 41.8%(95%CI:30.7%~52.9%),P=0.003]、细胞诊断准确率[93.7%(95%CI:88.1%~99.2%) vs 84.8%(95%CI:76.7%~92.9%),P=0.039]、组织诊断准确率[94.9%(95%CI:90.0%~99.9%)vs 82.3%(95%CI:73.7%~90.9%),P=0.013]比传统MOSE组更有优势。

结论

改良MOSE能提升22G/25G FNA标本中 MVC 的可视化效果,进而提高标本充足率及病理诊断准确性。

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姜琳,Email:
JIANG Lin,Email:
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Clin Endosc, 2019, 52(4): 334-339., articleTitle=A “back light system” for identification of sites for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in solid pancreatic masses: a prospective, randomized study with a crossover design, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320435791625564289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, doi=10.1055/a-0966-8755, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=52, issue=1, pageStart=37, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=VAN RIET P A, GIORGIO ARCIDIACONO P, PETRONE M, journalName=Endoscopy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VAN RIET P A, GIORGIO ARCIDIACONO P, PETRONE M, et al. Combined versus single use 20 G fine-needle biopsy and 25 G fine-needle aspiration for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue sampling of solid gastrointestinal lesions[J]. Endoscopy, 2020, 52(1): 37-44., articleTitle=Combined versus single use 20 G fine-needle biopsy and 25 G fine-needle aspiration for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue sampling of solid gastrointestinal lesions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320435791688478850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, doi=10.1097/CM9.0000000000002972, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=137, issue=4, pageStart=493, pageEnd=495, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=HUANG J L, CHENG G L, WU W, journalName=Chin Med J(Engl), refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG J L, CHENG G L, WU W, et al. Macroscopic on-site magnifier-based evaluation to estimate visible tissue core cut-off lengths using EUS-FNA with 22-gauge needles[J]. Chin Med J(Engl), 2024, 137(4): 493-495., articleTitle=Macroscopic on-site magnifier-based evaluation to estimate visible tissue core cut-off lengths using EUS-FNA with 22-gauge needles, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320435783585083444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320435783593472053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, companyId=1320435783585083444, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Gastroenterology, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu ,Sichuan), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320435783601860662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, companyId=1320435783585083444, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1成都市第三人民医院消化内科,四川 成都)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320435783668969527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320435783677358136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, companyId=1320435783668969527, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320435783685746745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, companyId=1320435783668969527, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西南交通大学医学院,四川 成都)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320435787523534948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flowchart of the randomized crossover trial comparing modified and traditional MOSE for EUS-FNA in patients with solid pancreatic lesions, figureFileSmall=QF/Ya4KyvETqR3DOymmqHQ==, figureFileBig=/7UaOsc4hCsFxqNVqYImcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435787615809637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=CN, label=图1, caption=胰腺实性占位患者 EUS-FNA 随机交叉对照试验的研究流程图, figureFileSmall=QF/Ya4KyvETqR3DOymmqHQ==, figureFileBig=/7UaOsc4hCsFxqNVqYImcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435787829719142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Specimen stage of the modified MOSE device incorporating an adjustable white-light source, figureFileSmall=JVY4mCnmGnAmaqKA/cB1nQ==, figureFileBig=nFvQtBVdUfNINs2YrtCftQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435787896828007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=CN, label=图2, caption=添加可调节白光光源的标本台, figureFileSmall=JVY4mCnmGnAmaqKA/cB1nQ==, figureFileBig=nFvQtBVdUfNINs2YrtCftQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435787984908392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Comparison of tissue strips obtained using a 22G FNA needle, as visualized by traditional versus modified macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE), figureFileSmall=5yoMUq6vtAqUxUBALQpvmA==, figureFileBig=DGxaTZWvYf1R5xWLLqD9Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435788068794473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=CN, label=图3, caption=在传统MOSE和改良MOSE下观察由22G FNA穿刺获得的组织条

A:Visualization under traditional MOSE (light off);B: Visualization under modified MOSE (light on)

, figureFileSmall=5yoMUq6vtAqUxUBALQpvmA==, figureFileBig=DGxaTZWvYf1R5xWLLqD9Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320435788169457770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of the patients [n=90,n(%),M(P25,P75),x¯±s]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CharacteristicValue
Age/years65.00±10.00
Gender
Male49(54.4)
Female41(45.6)
Puncture sitea
Pancreatic head47(51.6)
Pancreatic neck11(12.1)
Pancreatic body12(13.2)
Pancreatic tail21(23.1)
Puncture routeb
Stomach44(47.8)
Duodenum48(52.2)
Needle gauge
22G79(87.8)
25G11(12.2)
Lesion size/mm
Length26.00(20.69,33.80)
Width24.95(18.75,33.23)
Lesion type
Malignant79(87.8)
Benign11(12.2)
a:n=91,b:n=92
), ArticleFig(id=1320435788249149547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

患者的基线特征[n=90,n(%),M(P25,P75),x¯±s]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CharacteristicValue
Age/years65.00±10.00
Gender
Male49(54.4)
Female41(45.6)
Puncture sitea
Pancreatic head47(51.6)
Pancreatic neck11(12.1)
Pancreatic body12(13.2)
Pancreatic tail21(23.1)
Puncture routeb
Stomach44(47.8)
Duodenum48(52.2)
Needle gauge
22G79(87.8)
25G11(12.2)
Lesion size/mm
Length26.00(20.69,33.80)
Width24.95(18.75,33.23)
Lesion type
Malignant79(87.8)
Benign11(12.2)
a:n=91,b:n=92
), ArticleFig(id=1320435788324647020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of diagnostic performance between modified and traditional MOSE: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for FNA cytological smear and tissue strip[%(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupCytological smea rTissue strip
AccuracySensitivitySpecificityAccuracySensitivitySpecificity
Traditional MOSE85.6(76.8~91.4)83.5(73.9~90.1)100.0(71.5~100.0)83.3(76.8~91.4)81.0(71.0~88.1)100.0(71.5~100.0)
Modified MOSE94.4(87.7~97.6)93.7(86.0~97.3)100.0(71.5~100.0)95.6(89.1~98.3)94.9(87.7~98.0)100.0(71.5~100.0)
χ²4.904.907.697.69
P0.0210.0210.0030.003
), ArticleFig(id=1320435790002368621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

比较改良MOSE和传统MOSE对FNA细胞学涂片病理和组织条病理的诊断准确性以及灵敏度、特异度[%(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupCytological smea rTissue strip
AccuracySensitivitySpecificityAccuracySensitivitySpecificity
Traditional MOSE85.6(76.8~91.4)83.5(73.9~90.1)100.0(71.5~100.0)83.3(76.8~91.4)81.0(71.0~88.1)100.0(71.5~100.0)
Modified MOSE94.4(87.7~97.6)93.7(86.0~97.3)100.0(71.5~100.0)95.6(89.1~98.3)94.9(87.7~98.0)100.0(71.5~100.0)
χ²4.904.907.697.69
P0.0210.0210.0030.003
), ArticleFig(id=1320435790082060398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of diagnostic yield and specimen adequacy between modified and traditional MOSE in the 22G FNA needle type[%(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupCytological smear accuracyTissue strip accuracyAdequacy(MCV≥4 mm)
Traditional MOSE84.8(76.7~92.9)82.3(73.7~90.9)41.8(30.7~52.9)
Modified MOSE93.7(88.1~99.2)94.9(90.0~99.9)65.8(55.1~76.5)
χ²4.0005.7908.757
P0.0390.0130.003
), ArticleFig(id=1320435790165946479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1320435779348836395, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

22G FNA 针型下改良MOSE与传统MOSE诊断率及充足率的比较[%(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupCytological smear accuracyTissue strip accuracyAdequacy(MCV≥4 mm)
Traditional MOSE84.8(76.7~92.9)82.3(73.7~90.9)41.8(30.7~52.9)
Modified MOSE93.7(88.1~99.2)94.9(90.0~99.9)65.8(55.1~76.5)
χ²4.0005.7908.757
P0.0390.0130.003
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采用可调节光源改良宏观现场评估技术可显著提升EUS-FNA胰腺标本充足率与诊断准确率:一项随机交叉对照试验
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周希 1 , 单晶 1, 2 , 邓梦怡 2 , 罗丹 2 , 赵明 1 , 孙晓滨 1 , 姜琳 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·临床医学 2026,48(3): 337-344
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·临床医学 2026 , 48 (3) : 337 -344
采用可调节光源改良宏观现场评估技术可显著提升EUS-FNA胰腺标本充足率与诊断准确率:一项随机交叉对照试验
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周希1, 单晶1, 2, 邓梦怡2, 罗丹2, 赵明1, 孙晓滨1, 姜琳1
作者信息
  • 1成都市第三人民医院消化内科,四川 成都
  • 2西南交通大学医学院,四川 成都
通讯作者:
姜琳,Email:
JIANG Lin,Email:
Improved visualization with an adjustable-light modified macroscopic on-site evaluation technique enhances specimen adequacy and diagnostic accuracy in EUS-FNA for pancreatic lesions: A randomized crossover trial
Xi ZHOU1, Jing SHAN1, 2, Mengyi DENG2, Dan LUO2, Ming ZHAO1, Xiaobin SUN1, Lin JIANG1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu ,Sichuan
  • 2College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan , China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510082
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目的

明确改良宏观现场评估(macroscopic on-site evaluation ,MOSE)能否提升22G/25G FNA标本中核心组织条(macroscopic visible core,MVC)的可视化效果,进而提高标本充足率及病理诊断准确性。

方法

本研究为单中心、前瞻性、随机交叉对照试验,连续纳入2023年2月至2024年8月成都市第三人民医院消化内科拟行超声内镜引导下细针穿刺抽吸术(endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration,EUS-FNA)的胰腺实性占位患者90例。患者通过计算机生成的随机序列按1∶1分配至A组(第一针采用传统MOSE,第二针采用改良MOSE)或B组(第一针采用改良MOSE,第二针采用传统MOSE)。改良MOSE的核心参数为:白光强度调节范围为35~1 700 LUX,光源发光面与标本载玻片底部距离固定为37.2 mm,以MVC≥4 mm定义为标本充足。主要结局指标为2组的标本充足率,次要结局指标为细胞病理及组织病理诊断准确率。研究通过盲法评估(病理医师及数据分析人员不知情分组)、标准化操作流程控制偏倚。

结果

改良MOSE组的标本充足率显著高于传统MOSE组[70.0%(95%CI:59.9%~78.5%) vs 43.3%(95%CI:33.6%~54.6%),χ²=13.714,P<0.001]。次要结局方面,改良MOSE组的细胞病理诊断准确率[94.4%(95%CI: 87.7%~97.6%) vs 85.6%(95%CI: 76.8%~91.4%),χ2=4.9, P=0.021)及组织条病理诊断准确率[95.6%(95%CI: 89.1%~98.3%) vs 83.3%(95%CI: 76.8%~91.4%),χ2=7.69, P=0.003]均显著优于传统MOSE组。在针型的亚组分析中显示,在占比87.8%(79/90)的22G针型中,改良MOSE组的标本充足率[65.8%(95%CI:55.1%~76.5%) vs 41.8%(95%CI:30.7%~52.9%),P=0.003]、细胞诊断准确率[93.7%(95%CI:88.1%~99.2%) vs 84.8%(95%CI:76.7%~92.9%),P=0.039]、组织诊断准确率[94.9%(95%CI:90.0%~99.9%)vs 82.3%(95%CI:73.7%~90.9%),P=0.013]比传统MOSE组更有优势。

结论

改良MOSE能提升22G/25G FNA标本中 MVC 的可视化效果,进而提高标本充足率及病理诊断准确性。

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺抽吸术  /  胰腺肿瘤  /  现场评估
Objective

Determine whether a modified macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE) technique, by enhancing visualization of the macroscopic visible core (MVC) in 22G/25G fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens, improves specimen adequacy and pathological diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

This single-center, prospective, randomized crossover trial enrolled 90 consecutive patients with solid pancreatic lesions scheduled for EUS-FNA from the Department of Gastroenterology at the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu between February 2023 and August 2024. Patients were randomly assigned (1∶1) via a computer-generated sequence to Group A (first pass using traditional MOSE, second pass using modified MOSE) or Group B (first pass using modified MOSE, second pass using traditional MOSE). The core modification was the use of an adjustable white light source from 35 to 1 700 LUX at a fixed distance (37.2 mm) from the slide. Specimen adequacy was defined as MVC≥4 mm. The primary outcome was the specimen adequacy rate between groups. Secondary outcomes included the diagnostic accuracy of cytopathology and histopathology. Bias was controlled through blinded assessment (pathologists and data analysts were unaware of group allocation) and standardized operating procedures.

Results

The specimen adequacy rate was significantly higher in the modified MOSE group (70.0%, 95%CI: 59.9 to 78.5%) than in the traditional MOSE group (43.3%, 95%CI: 33.6 to 54.6%; χ²=13.714, P<0.001). The modified MOSE group also demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy for both cytopathology [94.4%(95%CI: 87.7%~97.6%) vs 85.6%(95%CI: 76.8%~91.4%),χ2=4.9, P=0.021) and histopathology of tissue strips [95.6%(95%CI: 89.1%~98.3%) vs 83.3%(95%CI: 76.8%~91.4%),χ2=7.69, P=0.003]. Subgroup analysis based on needle gauge demonstrated that for the 22G needle, which constituted 87.8% (79/90) of cases, the modified MOSE demonstrated statistically significant advantages over the traditional MOSE in the following outcomes: specimen adequacy rate [65.8% (95%CI: 55.1% to 76.5%) vs 41.8% (95%CI: 30.7% to 52.9%), P=0.003], cytological diagnostic accuracy [93.7% (95%CI: 88.1% to 99.2%) vs 84.8% (95%CI: 76.7% to 92.9%), P=0.039], and histological diagnostic accuracy [94.9% (95%CI: 90.0% to 99.9%) vs 82.3% (95%CI: 73.7% to 90.9%), P=0.013].

Conclusion

Modified MOSE can enhance the visualization of the MVC in specimens obtained by 22G/25G FNA, thereby improving the specimen adequacy rate and pathological diagnostic accuracy.

endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration  /  pancreatic neoplasms  /  macroscopic on-site evaluation
周希, 单晶, 邓梦怡, 罗丹, 赵明, 孙晓滨, 姜琳. 采用可调节光源改良宏观现场评估技术可显著提升EUS-FNA胰腺标本充足率与诊断准确率:一项随机交叉对照试验. 陆军军医大学学报, 2026 , 48 (3) : 337 -344 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510082
Xi ZHOU, Jing SHAN, Mengyi DENG, Dan LUO, Ming ZHAO, Xiaobin SUN, Lin JIANG. Improved visualization with an adjustable-light modified macroscopic on-site evaluation technique enhances specimen adequacy and diagnostic accuracy in EUS-FNA for pancreatic lesions: A randomized crossover trial[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2026 , 48 (3) : 337 -344 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510082
胰腺癌是预后极差的消化系统恶性肿瘤,其早期确诊对于治疗方案的选择及患者预后至关重要[1]。超声内镜引导下的细针穿刺抽吸术(endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration,EUS-FNA)开展近40年来,因其安全性高,已成为临床上获取胰腺实性占位组织标本最常用的手段[2-4]。然而,文献报道EUS-FNA对胰腺癌的诊断准确率为78%~95%[4],这意味着其诊断效能仍有提升空间。
诊断准确率在很大程度上取决于样本的充足性,样本中宏观可见的核心组织条(macroscopic visible core,MVC)越多,诊断的准确性越高[5-7]。尽管新型的细针活检(fine needle biopsy,FNB)针较细针抽吸(fine needle aspiration,FNA)针可获得更多组织条,诊断准确性更高[8-9],但受限于其价格及可及性,FNA在经济欠发达地区仍广泛应用。因此,如何提高FNA的诊断准确率依然是一个值得深入探讨的临床课题。
为了在术中实时评估标本充足性,快速现场病理评估(rapid on-site evaluation,ROSE)和宏观现场评估(macroscopic on-site evaluation,MOSE)随之产生[10]。然而,ROSE需要病理医生在场,在大多数医院并不可行[11];而MOSE操作简单,仅凭肉眼观察标本的MVC即可评估样本充足性,更具普适性[12-13]。目前,MOSE的应用面临一个关键的技术断层:该概念最早基于19G FNA穿刺标本建立,研究证实,若MVC达到4 mm,19G FNA穿刺针对恶性病变的组织学敏感性可达92.4%[14]。然而,在临床实践中,相比19G FNA穿刺针,管径更细、可操作性更佳的22G/25G FNA穿刺针应用尤为广泛。针对细针穿刺,虽有研究采用体式显微镜观察22G FNB标本[15-16],但目前针对22G或25G FNA穿刺针的MOSE研究甚少。其核心难点在于,细针所获样本本身更为细小,且易受血液干扰,导致传统肉眼MOSE判断组织充足性十分困难。这一瓶颈限制了MOSE技术在最常用穿刺针中的推广。因此,探索如何增强细针FNA样本中MVC的可视化,成为推动该技术发展的关键。基础光学原理提示,透射光源能使血液透亮,从而提升核心组织边界的识别能力[16-17]。
基于此,本研究设计了带有可调节亮度白光光源的标本台,旨在通过改良MOSE解决上述难题。本研究通过一项前瞻性对照试验,系统性比较这种改良MOSE与传统MOSE在评估22G/25G FNA穿刺胰腺实性占位标本充足性的能力,并进一步分析两种方法引导下细胞学与组织病理学的诊断准确率,以期为提高细针FNA的诊断效能提供一种新颖、实用的解决方案。
本研究为一项单中心、前瞻性、随机交叉对照试验,共连续纳入了90例于2023年2月至2024年8月在成都市第三人民医院消化内科诊断出胰腺实性占位的患者。纳入标准:①年龄≥20岁;②影像学提示胰腺实性占位;③需要EUS-FNA进行病理诊断;④签署知情同意书。排除标准:①患出血性疾病或使用抗血小板药物;②已证实或可能怀孕;③拒绝参加本研究。本研究旨在直接比较改良MOSE与传统MOSE的诊断效能。交叉设计的核心优势在于利用患者自身对照,使每位受试者先后接受两种干预,从而有效控制个体间差异,在相同样本量下获得更高的统计检验效力。研究实施流程如下(图1):为了控制可能影响研究结果的变量,本研究将连续纳入的90例患者进行编号,并且生成随机数字,按照1∶1的比例分为A组(第一针采用传统MOSE,第二针采用改良MOSE)或者B组(第一针采用改良MOSE,第二针采用传统MOSE),以最小化选择偏倚。研究已获成都市第三人民医院伦理委员会批准(成都三院伦2023-S-167号)。本试验已在中国临床试验注册中心注册(ChiCTR2400080476)。
所有操作使用Pentax EG-3870 UTK线阵扫描超声内镜搭配HI VISION Preirus超声系统和Pentax ERP-1000内窥镜。所用的穿刺针为22G/25G FNA针(Boston Scientific Expect系列,Cook EchoTip系列)。
本文为保障研究结果的科学性与可靠性,本研究实施了以下质量控制措施:①设盲与独立评估(负责细胞学与组织学标本判读的病理医师,以及对最终数据进行统计分析的专业人员,均对患者分组信息不知情,以确保结果的客观性,避免测量偏倚)。②操作流程标准化(所有EUS-FNA操作由2位经验丰富的内镜医生执行;改良MOSE的光源调节与宏观可见MVC测量均严格遵循预设的标准化流程,保证操作的一致性与可重复性)。③潜在偏倚控制,本研究主要控制潜在的审阅偏倚。为控制此类偏倚,在关键环节设盲,病理医师在评估时不知晓MOSE结果;临床医师在依据手术病理或随访数据作出最终诊断时亦不知晓MOSE结果;为减少部分证实偏倚,所有患者的诊断通过手术病理或≥6个月的临床随访这一确切标准进行验证。④随机化与设计内在控制[前述的随机分组控制了选择偏倚;而交叉设计本身则通过患者自身对照,有效控制了由病灶异质性(如大小、位置)等带来的潜在混杂因素]。
白光强度调节范围为35~1 700 LUX,光源发光面与标本载玻片底部的距离固定为37.2 mm。照度范围测量方法为在无外界光干扰条件下,采集载玻片所在区域的照度值(分别取载玻片两侧边缘及中心3点,计算平均值作为最终照度数据),确保测量结果的客观性与可重复性(图2)。
标本放置环节由内镜护士辅助完成,需将组织条沿载玻片中线平铺,避免折叠或重叠;光源启动需区分分组,传统MOSE组保持光源关闭,改良MOSE组在标本放置完成后立即开启光源;亮度调节从最低强度(35 LUX)逐步上调,以血液背景透亮、MVC边界清晰可辨为标准(无需达到最高强度,满足能准确测量长度即可);MVC 测量以载玻片凹槽边缘的刻度为参照,平行于组织条长轴测量最长径线,≥4 mm记为“充足”,<4 mm记为“不充足”;标本处理需依据MVC可见性操作:若可见明确MVC,立即选取少量核心组织及液体成分涂片(用于细胞学检测),剩余核心组织条完整放入福尔马林瓶(用于组织学检测);若MVC不可见,则将所有固体成分及液体成分分别送检。
入组的胰腺实性占位病灶,由2名资深的内镜医生(每年完成EUS-FNA操作≥100 例,EUS扫查≥500例)根据病灶情况采用22/25G FNA穿刺。穿刺过程中根据实际情况采用10 mL负压湿法穿刺,每次穿刺来回移动20次。在内镜护士辅助下每针穿刺后将组织条推至载玻片上,使用注射针针头对穿刺组织条进行分离。按照患者分组依次将穿刺组织条进行传统MOSE或改良MOSE。利用MOSE操作台凹槽边缘的刻度对组织条的长度进行判断。如果为传统MOSE则不开光源;如果为改良MOSE,则打开光源,并调节光源亮度,直到能很好地看清血液中的白色组织条(图3)。有MVC样本均拍摄高清图像,由2名年均完成EUS-FNA≥100例的超声内镜医生共同盲法评估样本长度。若2人判断存在分歧,由第三方资深超声内镜医师复核确定,确保MVC充足性判断的客观性。若MVC<4 mm则记为(-),≥4 mm记为(+)。如果2次穿刺获得的组织条均不满意,则继续穿刺直至在改良MOSE观察下获得满意组织条。
主要结局指标是比较传统MOSE和改良MOSE对组织条充足性的判断,次要结局指标是比较传统MOSE和改良MOSE引导的细胞及组织病理的诊断准确率。
最终诊断标准:①恶性结果为手术病理或6个月随访与恶性结果相符。②良性结果为手术/探查阴性或随访无恶性进展,神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine tumor,NET,G1)及轻中度不典型增生被归为良性。最终明确诊断主要依赖于患者手术后切除组织的病理检查结果或者至少1年的随访数据。对于通过穿刺标本和随访均无法明确诊断的病例,将由1名未参与研究的资深专家审查所有可用数据后做出仲裁诊断。
所有数据使用SPSS 26.0进行统计分析,若数据呈正态分布时,采用x¯±s表示;若数据呈偏态分布时,采用M(P25,P75)来表示;分类数据则以例(%)表示。使用配对χ2检验评估传统MOSE和改良MOSE的组织充足性、细胞及组织病理诊断的准确率,P<0.05被认为差异具有统计学意义。本研究中细胞涂片及组织条病理诊断的核心评价指标(准确率、灵敏度、特异度)均基于最终诊断与试验方法MOSE引导的病理诊断。诊断准确率:指真阳性与真阴性病例数占总病例数的比例,反映诊断试验整体正确性。灵敏度:指金标准确诊的患病病例中,被试验方法正确诊断为阳性的比例。特异度:指金标准确诊的非患病病例中,被试验方法正确诊断为阴性的比例。
其中男性49例(54.4%),病变分布在胰头47例(51.6%)、胰颈11例(12.1%)、胰体12例(13.2%)、胰尾21例(23.1%)。最终79例患者最终诊断为恶性病变,其中胰腺导管腺癌64 例,胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(G3)6例,浸润性导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤6例,黏液性非囊性癌1例,浆母细胞性淋巴瘤1例,胃来源转移性恶性黑色素瘤1例。穿刺成功率为100%,操作过程中没有不良事件发生(表1)。在本次研究中,所有患者在EUS-FNA操作过程中未出现任何不良反应,包括出血、感染、胰腺炎、针道转移等。
在传统MOSE组中组织充足率(MCV≥4 mm)是43.3%(39/90),改良MOSE组中组织充足率是70.0%(63/90);在传统MOSE中组织不充足率(MCV<4 mm)是56.7%(51/90),改良MOSE中组织不充足率是30.0%(27/90),P<0.001(χ2为13.714),两种方法对组织充足率具有显著差异。
分别对传统MOSE和改良MOSE组中的细胞学涂片及组织条的病理诊断与最终诊断比较,计算诊断准确率、灵敏度、特异度。结合第一针和第二针穿刺的结果,使用改良MOSE的细胞学诊断准确率(94.4%)高于传统MOSE(85.6%,P=0.021)。改良MOSE组的组织病理诊断准确率(95.6%)也高于传统MOSE组(83.3%,P=0.003,表2)。
明确改良MOSE在不同穿刺针型中的适用性,进一步对22G和25G穿刺针对应的样本进行亚组分析。22G针型(79,87.8%):改良MOSE的样本充足率(65.8% vs 41.8%,P=0.003)、组织条诊断准确率(94.9% vs 82.3%,P=0.013)、细胞涂片诊断准确率(93.7% vs 84.8%,P=0.039)均显著优于传统MOSE(表3)。25G针型(n=11,12.2%):改良MOSE组样本充足率为100.0%(95%CI:71.5%~100.0%),传统MOSE组为54.5%(95%CI:23.4%~83.3%);改良MOSE组组织条诊断准确率为100.0%(95%CI:71.5%~100.0%),常规MOSE组为90.9%(95%CI:58.7%~99.8%);改良MOSE组涂片诊断准确率为100.0%(95%CI:71.5%~100.0%),常规MOSE组为72.7%(95%CI:39.0%~94.0%),3个方面均呈优势,但因样本量小、数据呈常量特征,暂无法进行统计学检验。
本研究为一项单中心、前瞻性、随机交叉对照试验,旨在评估改良MOSE技术在优化EUS-FNA操作流程中的临床应用价值。研究结果显示,与传统MOSE相比,改良MOSE能显著提高22G/25G穿刺标本的充足率(70.0% vs 43.3%)。更重要的是,这一技术优势直接转化为明确的诊断终点获益:改良MOSE引导下的细胞学与组织学诊断准确率分别达到94.4%与95.6%,均显著优于传统方法。在针对穿刺针型的亚组分析中,改良MOSE在22G与25G FNA亚组中均呈现出一致的优势趋势。上述结果表明,通过光源增强MVC可视化,改良MOSE能有效克服因标本纤细和血性污染导致的即时评估困难,从而为提升胰腺实性占位EUS-FNA的整体诊断效能提供了一种具有创新性和实用性的解决方案。
EUS-FNA目前仍然是诊断胰腺实性占位的主要技术,但其诊断准确率仍有提升空间[18]。传统MOSE依赖操作者肉眼判断,存在主观性强、标准化不足的固有缺陷,相关高质量研究亦较为有限。本研究数据显示,传统MOSE组的样本充足率仅为43.3%。这一结果直观印证了现有评估流程的瓶颈,也揭示了对其进行客观化、标准化改良的迫切临床需求。
本研究中改良MOSE的核心创新在于从光学原理层面进行了针对性设计,实现了评估模式从经验判断到客观显像的转变。其基础原理在于:当采用背光透射时,标本中的血液等半透明成分会产生透亮效应,从而显著增强内部不透明MVC的边界对比度。这一设计直击传统方法中因血性污染导致的MVC辨识不清这一关键痛点。在光源选择上,当前MOSE及光源辅助技术的人类数据研究中,白光已是该领域的常用光源,比如MASUTANI等[15]、WATANABE等[16]、HARADA等[17]多项研究,均选择白光作为MOSE相关装置的光源,并证实其在标本可视化、诊断准确性提升中的有效性。另外,现有MOSE相关技术的核心装置以固定亮度白光+辅助工具为主,如WATANABE等[16]采用白光+体视显微镜,HARADA等[17]及HUANG等[19]选择白光+放大镜,虽成本较低,但手持操作稳定性差且亮度固定,难以适配不同血性污染标本。本研究改良MOSE采用可调节亮度白光,既通过亮度调节而适用于不同血性污染的标本,又省去额外设备组装步骤,操作极简,可及性更高。
对穿刺针型的亚组分析进一步印证并细化了改良MOSE的价值。在占主导的22G针型(占87.8%)中,改良MOSE在样本充足率及细胞学、组织学诊断准确率上均显示出明确且一致的统计学优势(P<0.05)。这一结果显示,改良MOSE的技术优势在最主要的临床场景中是稳定存在的。25G针型亚组因样本量较小暂未进行统计学验证,但改良MOSE在各项指标均呈现一致的提升趋势。25G针因其柔韧性常用于特殊解剖位置的穿刺,因此改良MOSE在25G穿刺针亚组展现的趋势临床意义较大。它提示,该技术可能具备广泛的针型适配性,但其在25G针型中的确切效能,有待进一步大样本研究予以确认。总体而言,亚组分析表明,改良MOSE的技术优势并非偶然,其核心增益机制(提升可视化)在不同针型间可能具有普适性。
本研究也存在一些局限性,作为一项单中心、样本量为90例的研究,其结果的外推性存在固有局限。虽然本研究通过严格控制操作者的资质(均由操作量大的资深内镜医师完成)保障了内部的一致性与规范性,但这同时也带来了另一重限制:无法评估该技术在不同经验层次操作者中的表现。技术的真正价值在于其普适性和可学习性。基于此,我们提出清晰的未来研究方向:①亟需开展多中心、大样本量的研究,以验证改良MOSE在不同操作者和医疗中心中的稳定效能,增强证据强度;②更具创新意义的方向是,未来的研究应主动纳入不同经验梯度的内镜医师(如新手、中级和资深医师),以评估该技术的去经验化潜力。这不仅能够验证其普适性,更能为建立标准化的分层培训方案提供依据,从而推动该项实用技术从临床研究走向常规实践,最终实现提升胰腺疾病整体诊断水平的目标。

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2026年第48卷第3期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510082
  • 接收时间:2025-10-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-27
  • 修回日期:2025-12-04
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    1成都市第三人民医院消化内科,四川 成都
    2西南交通大学医学院,四川 成都

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姜琳,Email:
JIANG Lin,Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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