Article(id=1322954288825238492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954253676979072, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760457600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-15, revisedDate=1763136000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346481757, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1764432000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346481757, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346481757, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346481757, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954253676979072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='22', pageStart='2725', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764432000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346473378, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346473378, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2792, endPage=2804, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954289236280285, articleId=1322954288825238492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=A novel estrogen receptor expression stratification (low/moderate/high) based on Chinese population provides more accurate prognosis prediction for HR+/HER2- early breast cancer patients, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To stratify the estrogen receptor (ER) positive while human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative breast cancer patients by the expression level of ER, providing new evidence for prognostic prediction and guiding precision endocrine therapy (ET) for those with different ER expression levels.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1 962 ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patients treated in our department from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018. X-tile was used to calculate the optimal cutoff point of ER expression level, and then based on the results, they were divided into low (1%~10%), moderate (11%~30%), and high expression (31%~100%) groups. After propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline characteristics, their prognostic outcomes were compared and the responses to ET were analyzed in the groups. Cox proportional risk regression model was applied to analyze the prognostic factors, and subgroup analysis was further performed.

Results

After PAM, 129 (11.5%) were assigned into a low ER expression group, 151 (13.5%) and 840 (75%) into moderate and high ER expression groups, respectively. Statistical differences were observed in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) among the 3 groups (P=8e-6, P=8e-14). In the low ER expression group, the patients treated with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) showed no significant differences in DFS and OS than those treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) (P>0.05). However, the patients from the moderate and high ER expression groups demonstrated significantly better DFS when treated with AI than with SERM (P=0.02, P=0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that compared with the moderate ER expression group, the high ER expression group exhibited significantly lower risk of disease recurrence/metastasis (HR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.43~0.88, P=0.009) and risk of death (HR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.26~0.93, P=0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed that when compared with the high ER expression group, the moderate ER expression group exhibited notably worse DFS in the following subgroups: oral SERM, non-breast-conserving surgery, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage Ⅱ, and chemotherapy, and shorter OS in the subgroups of oral SERM, non-breast-conserving surgery, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage Ⅱ subgroup, and chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Taking ER expression of 11%~30% as an independent stratification criterion can guide more accurate prognostic assessment and more rational ET selection in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patients.

, authors=Chengfang WANG, Yuqin ZHOU, Yanling ZHANG, Xiaowei QI, Yi ZHANG, authorsList=Chengfang WANG, Yuqin ZHOU, Yanling ZHANG, Xiaowei QI, Yi ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yi ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954292612695017, articleId=1322954288825238492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=基于中国人群的雌激素受体表达新分层(低/中/高)可更精准地预测HR+/HER2-早期乳腺癌患者的预后, columnId=1320435175822050102, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索雌激素受体(Estrogen Receptor,ER)阳性/人表皮生长因子受体2(Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2,HER2)阴性乳腺癌患者ER表达水平新分层,为不同ER表达水平患者的预后判断提供新证据并指导精准内分泌治疗(endocrine therapy,ET)。

方法

本研究为回顾性队列研究,纳入2013年1月1日至2018年12月31日在陆军军医大学第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科进行手术治疗的1 962例ER阳性/HER2阴性早期乳腺癌患者。利用X-tile软件确定ER表达量的最佳截点,将患者分为低表达(1%~10%)、中表达(>10%~30%)及ER高表达(>30%~100%)3组。通过倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM)平衡基线,比较3组间的预后差异,并进一步分析3组患者对不同内分泌治疗方式的应答情况;构建Cox比例风险回归模型分析3组乳腺癌患者的预后影响因素,并进行亚组分析。

结果

经PSM后,129例(11.5%)为ER低表达,151例(13.5%)为ER中表达,840例(75%)为ER高表达。3组患者的无病生存期(disease free survival,DFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)存在统计学差异(P=8e-6,P=8e-14)。在ER低表达患者中,接受选择性雌激素受体调节剂(selective estrogen receptor modulator,SERM)治疗或芳香化酶抑制剂(aromatase inhibitor,AI)治疗,其DFS和OS均无统计学差异。而接受AI治疗的ER中表达及高表达患者,其DFS获益均较SERM组更优(P=0.02,P=0.03)。多因素分析显示,与ER中表达组相比,ER高表达组疾病复发/转移风险[HR=0.62(95%CI:0.43~0.88),P=0.009]和死亡风险[HR=0.49(95%CI:0.26~0.93),P=0.03]均显著降低。亚组分析显示,ER中表达组在口服SERM亚组、非保乳患者亚组、淋巴结转移患者亚组、TNM分期Ⅱ期患者以及接受化疗患者亚组的DFS较高表达组差,在口服SERM组、非保乳患者亚组、淋巴结转移患者亚组、TNM分期Ⅱ期以及接受化疗患者亚组的OS较高表达组差。

结论

本研究证实将ER中表达(11%~30%)作为独立分层可指导更精准的预后判断和更合理的内分泌治疗选择。

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张毅,E-mail:
ZHANG Yi,E-mail:
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Breast Cancer,2012,19(4):309-314., articleTitle=Topoisomerase II alpha expression and the Ki-67 labeling index correlate with prognostic factors in estrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor type-2-negative breast cancer, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954293015348203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954293023736812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, companyId=1322954293015348203, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954293032125421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, companyId=1322954293015348203, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954297608110096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Determination of the optimal cut-off value for ER expression level based on X-tile software, figureFileSmall=Ym8IWK+2GLfpeSxfAtlV9Q==, figureFileBig=Bsg9mR7wjahhDuAVsufF/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954297666830353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于X-tile软件的ER表达量最佳临界值分析

A:Optimal cut-off value of ER expression determined by DFS; B:Optimal cut-off value of ER expression determined by OS.

, figureFileSmall=Ym8IWK+2GLfpeSxfAtlV9Q==, figureFileBig=Bsg9mR7wjahhDuAVsufF/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954297872351250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Survival analysis of DFS (A) and OS (B) among the low,moderate and high ER expression groups after propensity score matching, figureFileSmall=xF9VOoPdIxQJ38Tw3Gx4cg==, figureFileBig=bp4dsCRgZIXDmnS/GDeReA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954297947848723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PSM后3组患者的DFS(A)和OS(B)的生存分析图

DFS:Disease-free survival; OS:Overall survival

, figureFileSmall=xF9VOoPdIxQJ38Tw3Gx4cg==, figureFileBig=bp4dsCRgZIXDmnS/GDeReA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954298014957588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Comparison of disease-free survival (DFS) between the low and moderate ER expression groups and between the moderate and high ER expression groups, figureFileSmall=evwfD8vWUQIsj9qRrRZgQA==, figureFileBig=x94uxMo3QAEty1xsvdUHgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954298094649365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=CN, label=图3, caption=低表达组与中表达组、中表达组与高表达组DFS的亚组分析, figureFileSmall=evwfD8vWUQIsj9qRrRZgQA==, figureFileBig=x94uxMo3QAEty1xsvdUHgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954298170146838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Comparison of overall survival (OS) between the low and moderate ER expression groups and between the moderate and high ER expression groups, figureFileSmall=g3AMMKI0qK+TG7MIMKTpYw==, figureFileBig=TJGLD6IaQatRegezWytqyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954298245644311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=CN, label=图4, caption=低表达组与中表达组、中表达组与高表达组OS的亚组分析, figureFileSmall=g3AMMKI0qK+TG7MIMKTpYw==, figureFileBig=TJGLD6IaQatRegezWytqyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954298316947480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Comparison of DFS and OS between SERM and AI in different ER expression groups., figureFileSmall=LHu9ZvMYTcdlFDeusAXB/w==, figureFileBig=nshRnG+DrEbSfl5MCzysdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954298434387993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组患者接受SERM及AI内分泌治疗的DFS及OS对比

A:DFS in the low ER expression group treated with SERM versus AI; B:OS in the low ER expression group treated with SERM versus AI; C:DFS in the moderate ER expression group treated with SERM versus AI; D:OS in the moderate ER expression group treated with SERM versus AI; E:DFS in the high ER expression group treated with SERM versus AI; F:OS in the high ER expression group treated with SERM versus AI. DFS:Disease-free survival; OS:Overall survival; ER:Estrogen receptor;SERM:Selective estrogen receptor modulators; AI:Aromatase inhibitors

, figureFileSmall=LHu9ZvMYTcdlFDeusAXB/w==, figureFileBig=nshRnG+DrEbSfl5MCzysdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954298526662682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Clinical baseline data in breast cancer patients before and after PSM and after PSM/IPTW [M(P25,P75), n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableBefore PSMSMDAfter PSMSMDAfter PSM/IPTWSMD
ER-low
(n=129)
ER-intermediate(n=151)ER-high
(n=1 682)
ER-low
(n=129)
ER-intermediate
(n=151)
ER-high
(n=840)
ER-low
(n=129)
ER-intermediate
(n=151)
ER-high
(n=840)
Age/years47.00
(42.00,53.00)
45.00
(42.00,51.00)
47.00
(42.00,54.00)
0.09647.00
(43.00,52.00)
45.00
(42.0,0 51.00)
47.00
(42.00,52.00)
0.09246.80
(42.80,51.50)
45.30
(42.20,51.10)
46.90
(42.50,51.80)
0.064
Endocrine therapy0.220.0460.023
SERM66 (51.16)94 (62.25)793 (47.15)66 (51.16)94 (62.25)482 (57.38)66.5 (51.55)92.8 (61.46)483.2(57.52)
AI63 (48.84)57 (37.75)889 (52.85)63 (48.84)57 (37.75)358 (42.62)62.5 (48.45)58.2 (38.54)356.8(42.48)
TNM stage0.0950.0550.051
0-Ⅰ32 (24.81)40 (26.49)541 (32.16)32 (24.81)40 (26.49)216 (25.71)32.8 (25.43)39.5 (26.16)215.2(25.62)
Ⅱ66 (51.16)78 (51.66)839 (49.88)66 (51.16)78 (51.66)440 (52.38)65.2 (50.54)78 .8(52.19)440.5(52.44)
Ⅲ31 (24.03)33 (21.85)302 (17.95)31 (24.03)33 (21.85)184 (21.90)31.0 (24.03)32.7 (21.65)184.3(21.94)
BCS0.150.0690.058
Yes12 (9.30)20 (13.25)299 (17.78)12 (9.30)20 (13.25)96 (11.43)12 .8(9.92)19.2 (12.72)95.8 (11.40)
No117 (90.70)131(86.75)1,383(82.22)117 (90.70)131 (86.75)744 (88.57)116.2(90.08)131.8(87.28)744.2(88.60)
Lymph node metastasis0.0630.0660.044
No79 (61.24)79 (52.32)920 (54.70)79 (61.24)79 (52.32)478 (56.90)77.2 (59.84)80.5 (53.31)476.2(56.69)
Yes50 (38.76)72 (47.68)762 (45.30)50 (38.76)72 (47.68)362 (43.10)51.8 (40.16)70.5 (46.69)363.8(43.31)
Chemotherapy0.280.120.091
No19 (14.73)15 (9.93)447 (26.58)19 (14.73)15 (9.93)105 (12.50)18.5 (14.34)15.8 (10.46)105.2(12.52)
Yes110 (85.27)136 (90.07)1,235 (73.42)110 (85.27)136 (90.07)735 (87.50)110.5(85.66)135.2(89.54)734.8(87.48)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954298610548763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PSM前后与PSM/IPTW后患者临床基线资料表 [M(P25,P75), n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableBefore PSMSMDAfter PSMSMDAfter PSM/IPTWSMD
ER-low
(n=129)
ER-intermediate(n=151)ER-high
(n=1 682)
ER-low
(n=129)
ER-intermediate
(n=151)
ER-high
(n=840)
ER-low
(n=129)
ER-intermediate
(n=151)
ER-high
(n=840)
Age/years47.00
(42.00,53.00)
45.00
(42.00,51.00)
47.00
(42.00,54.00)
0.09647.00
(43.00,52.00)
45.00
(42.0,0 51.00)
47.00
(42.00,52.00)
0.09246.80
(42.80,51.50)
45.30
(42.20,51.10)
46.90
(42.50,51.80)
0.064
Endocrine therapy0.220.0460.023
SERM66 (51.16)94 (62.25)793 (47.15)66 (51.16)94 (62.25)482 (57.38)66.5 (51.55)92.8 (61.46)483.2(57.52)
AI63 (48.84)57 (37.75)889 (52.85)63 (48.84)57 (37.75)358 (42.62)62.5 (48.45)58.2 (38.54)356.8(42.48)
TNM stage0.0950.0550.051
0-Ⅰ32 (24.81)40 (26.49)541 (32.16)32 (24.81)40 (26.49)216 (25.71)32.8 (25.43)39.5 (26.16)215.2(25.62)
Ⅱ66 (51.16)78 (51.66)839 (49.88)66 (51.16)78 (51.66)440 (52.38)65.2 (50.54)78 .8(52.19)440.5(52.44)
Ⅲ31 (24.03)33 (21.85)302 (17.95)31 (24.03)33 (21.85)184 (21.90)31.0 (24.03)32.7 (21.65)184.3(21.94)
BCS0.150.0690.058
Yes12 (9.30)20 (13.25)299 (17.78)12 (9.30)20 (13.25)96 (11.43)12 .8(9.92)19.2 (12.72)95.8 (11.40)
No117 (90.70)131(86.75)1,383(82.22)117 (90.70)131 (86.75)744 (88.57)116.2(90.08)131.8(87.28)744.2(88.60)
Lymph node metastasis0.0630.0660.044
No79 (61.24)79 (52.32)920 (54.70)79 (61.24)79 (52.32)478 (56.90)77.2 (59.84)80.5 (53.31)476.2(56.69)
Yes50 (38.76)72 (47.68)762 (45.30)50 (38.76)72 (47.68)362 (43.10)51.8 (40.16)70.5 (46.69)363.8(43.31)
Chemotherapy0.280.120.091
No19 (14.73)15 (9.93)447 (26.58)19 (14.73)15 (9.93)105 (12.50)18.5 (14.34)15.8 (10.46)105.2(12.52)
Yes110 (85.27)136 (90.07)1,235 (73.42)110 (85.27)136 (90.07)735 (87.50)110.5(85.66)135.2(89.54)734.8(87.48)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954298715406364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate and multivariate analysis of disease-free survival (DFS) after propensity score matching

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableUnivariate analysisMultivariate analysis
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
Age/years
≤40____
>400.90(0.63~1.28)0.57__
Lymph node metastasis
No____
Yes2.39(1.80~3.18)<0.0010.97(0.65~1.45)0.88
TNM stage
0–I____
II1.64(1.06~2.53)0.0261.47(0.90~2.39)0.12
III5.27(3.44~8.09)<0.0014.49(2.48~8.11)<0.001
Endocrine therapy
SERM____
AI0.93(0.70~1.22)0.59__
BCS
No____
Yes0.63(0.38~1.03)0.067__
Chemotherapy
No____
Yes5.03(2.23~11.33)<0.0013.19(1.39~7.34)0.006
ER expression
Moderate____
Low1.36(0.88~2.11)0.16__
High0.61(0.42~0.87)0.0070.62(0.43~0.88)0.009
), ArticleFig(id=1322954298786709533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

PSM后患者DFS单因素和多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableUnivariate analysisMultivariate analysis
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
Age/years
≤40____
>400.90(0.63~1.28)0.57__
Lymph node metastasis
No____
Yes2.39(1.80~3.18)<0.0010.97(0.65~1.45)0.88
TNM stage
0–I____
II1.64(1.06~2.53)0.0261.47(0.90~2.39)0.12
III5.27(3.44~8.09)<0.0014.49(2.48~8.11)<0.001
Endocrine therapy
SERM____
AI0.93(0.70~1.22)0.59__
BCS
No____
Yes0.63(0.38~1.03)0.067__
Chemotherapy
No____
Yes5.03(2.23~11.33)<0.0013.19(1.39~7.34)0.006
ER expression
Moderate____
Low1.36(0.88~2.11)0.16__
High0.61(0.42~0.87)0.0070.62(0.43~0.88)0.009
), ArticleFig(id=1322954298870595614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival (OS) after propensity score matching

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableUnivariate analysisMultivariate analysis
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
Age/years
≤40____
>400.98(0.54~1.78)0.95__
Lymph node metastasis
No____
Yes2.45(1.53~3.92)<0.0010.94(0.48~1.83)0.85
TNM stage
0–Ⅰ____
Ⅱ1.67(0.79~3.55)0.18__
Ⅲ6.21(3.01~12.83)<0.0015.74(2.13~15.48)<0.001
Endocrine therapy
SERM____
AI1.29(0.82~2.02)0.27__
BCS
No____
Yes0.69(0.32~1.49)0.35__
Chemotherapy
No____
Yes5.38(1.32~21.90)0.0193.32(0.78~14.04)0.10
ER Expression
Intermediate____
Low2.91(1.52~5.59)0.0013.03(1.57~5.84)<0.001
High0.49(0.26~0.94)0.0310.49(0.26~0.93)0.03
), ArticleFig(id=1322954298958675999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954288825238492, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

PSM后患者OS单因素和多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableUnivariate analysisMultivariate analysis
HR(95%CI)PHR(95%CI)P
Age/years
≤40____
>400.98(0.54~1.78)0.95__
Lymph node metastasis
No____
Yes2.45(1.53~3.92)<0.0010.94(0.48~1.83)0.85
TNM stage
0–Ⅰ____
Ⅱ1.67(0.79~3.55)0.18__
Ⅲ6.21(3.01~12.83)<0.0015.74(2.13~15.48)<0.001
Endocrine therapy
SERM____
AI1.29(0.82~2.02)0.27__
BCS
No____
Yes0.69(0.32~1.49)0.35__
Chemotherapy
No____
Yes5.38(1.32~21.90)0.0193.32(0.78~14.04)0.10
ER Expression
Intermediate____
Low2.91(1.52~5.59)0.0013.03(1.57~5.84)<0.001
High0.49(0.26~0.94)0.0310.49(0.26~0.93)0.03
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Comparison of primary analysis results before and after IPTW

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Comparison GroupOutcomeAfter PSM
HR(95%CI)
PAfter IPTW
HR(95%CI)
P
Low vs ModerateOS3.03(1.57~5.84)<0.0012.18(1.44~3.14)<0.001
Moderate vs HighDFS0.62(0.43~0.88)0.0090.44(0.23~0.67)<0.001
Moderate vs HighOS0.49(0.26~0.93)0.030.38(0.22~0.63)<0.001
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逆概率加权前后主要分析结果对比

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Comparison GroupOutcomeAfter PSM
HR(95%CI)
PAfter IPTW
HR(95%CI)
P
Low vs ModerateOS3.03(1.57~5.84)<0.0012.18(1.44~3.14)<0.001
Moderate vs HighDFS0.62(0.43~0.88)0.0090.44(0.23~0.67)<0.001
Moderate vs HighOS0.49(0.26~0.93)0.030.38(0.22~0.63)<0.001
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基于中国人群的雌激素受体表达新分层(低/中/高)可更精准地预测HR+/HER2-早期乳腺癌患者的预后
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王成方 , 周于钦 , 张艳玲 , 齐晓伟 , 张毅
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·临床医学 2025,47(22): 2792-2804
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·临床医学 2025 , 47 (22) : 2792 -2804
基于中国人群的雌激素受体表达新分层(低/中/高)可更精准地预测HR+/HER2-早期乳腺癌患者的预后
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王成方, 周于钦, 张艳玲, 齐晓伟, 张毅
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科,重庆
通讯作者:
张毅,E-mail:
ZHANG Yi,E-mail:
A novel estrogen receptor expression stratification (low/moderate/high) based on Chinese population provides more accurate prognosis prediction for HR+/HER2- early breast cancer patients
Chengfang WANG, Yuqin ZHOU, Yanling ZHANG, Xiaowei QI, Yi ZHANG
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-11-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510028
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目的

探索雌激素受体(Estrogen Receptor,ER)阳性/人表皮生长因子受体2(Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2,HER2)阴性乳腺癌患者ER表达水平新分层,为不同ER表达水平患者的预后判断提供新证据并指导精准内分泌治疗(endocrine therapy,ET)。

方法

本研究为回顾性队列研究,纳入2013年1月1日至2018年12月31日在陆军军医大学第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科进行手术治疗的1 962例ER阳性/HER2阴性早期乳腺癌患者。利用X-tile软件确定ER表达量的最佳截点,将患者分为低表达(1%~10%)、中表达(>10%~30%)及ER高表达(>30%~100%)3组。通过倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM)平衡基线,比较3组间的预后差异,并进一步分析3组患者对不同内分泌治疗方式的应答情况;构建Cox比例风险回归模型分析3组乳腺癌患者的预后影响因素,并进行亚组分析。

结果

经PSM后,129例(11.5%)为ER低表达,151例(13.5%)为ER中表达,840例(75%)为ER高表达。3组患者的无病生存期(disease free survival,DFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)存在统计学差异(P=8e-6,P=8e-14)。在ER低表达患者中,接受选择性雌激素受体调节剂(selective estrogen receptor modulator,SERM)治疗或芳香化酶抑制剂(aromatase inhibitor,AI)治疗,其DFS和OS均无统计学差异。而接受AI治疗的ER中表达及高表达患者,其DFS获益均较SERM组更优(P=0.02,P=0.03)。多因素分析显示,与ER中表达组相比,ER高表达组疾病复发/转移风险[HR=0.62(95%CI:0.43~0.88),P=0.009]和死亡风险[HR=0.49(95%CI:0.26~0.93),P=0.03]均显著降低。亚组分析显示,ER中表达组在口服SERM亚组、非保乳患者亚组、淋巴结转移患者亚组、TNM分期Ⅱ期患者以及接受化疗患者亚组的DFS较高表达组差,在口服SERM组、非保乳患者亚组、淋巴结转移患者亚组、TNM分期Ⅱ期以及接受化疗患者亚组的OS较高表达组差。

结论

本研究证实将ER中表达(11%~30%)作为独立分层可指导更精准的预后判断和更合理的内分泌治疗选择。

乳腺癌  /  雌激素受体  /  表达量分层  /  内分泌治疗  /  预后
Objective

To stratify the estrogen receptor (ER) positive while human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative breast cancer patients by the expression level of ER, providing new evidence for prognostic prediction and guiding precision endocrine therapy (ET) for those with different ER expression levels.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1 962 ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patients treated in our department from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018. X-tile was used to calculate the optimal cutoff point of ER expression level, and then based on the results, they were divided into low (1%~10%), moderate (11%~30%), and high expression (31%~100%) groups. After propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline characteristics, their prognostic outcomes were compared and the responses to ET were analyzed in the groups. Cox proportional risk regression model was applied to analyze the prognostic factors, and subgroup analysis was further performed.

Results

After PAM, 129 (11.5%) were assigned into a low ER expression group, 151 (13.5%) and 840 (75%) into moderate and high ER expression groups, respectively. Statistical differences were observed in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) among the 3 groups (P=8e-6, P=8e-14). In the low ER expression group, the patients treated with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) showed no significant differences in DFS and OS than those treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) (P>0.05). However, the patients from the moderate and high ER expression groups demonstrated significantly better DFS when treated with AI than with SERM (P=0.02, P=0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that compared with the moderate ER expression group, the high ER expression group exhibited significantly lower risk of disease recurrence/metastasis (HR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.43~0.88, P=0.009) and risk of death (HR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.26~0.93, P=0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed that when compared with the high ER expression group, the moderate ER expression group exhibited notably worse DFS in the following subgroups: oral SERM, non-breast-conserving surgery, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage Ⅱ, and chemotherapy, and shorter OS in the subgroups of oral SERM, non-breast-conserving surgery, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage Ⅱ subgroup, and chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Taking ER expression of 11%~30% as an independent stratification criterion can guide more accurate prognostic assessment and more rational ET selection in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patients.

breast cancer  /  estrogen receptor  /  stratification by expression level  /  endocrine therapy  /  prognosis
王成方, 周于钦, 张艳玲, 齐晓伟, 张毅. 基于中国人群的雌激素受体表达新分层(低/中/高)可更精准地预测HR+/HER2-早期乳腺癌患者的预后. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (22) : 2792 -2804 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510028
Chengfang WANG, Yuqin ZHOU, Yanling ZHANG, Xiaowei QI, Yi ZHANG. A novel estrogen receptor expression stratification (low/moderate/high) based on Chinese population provides more accurate prognosis prediction for HR+/HER2- early breast cancer patients[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (22) : 2792 -2804 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510028
乳腺癌在中国女性群体中发病率居第2位,病死率位于第5位[1-2],其中激素受体(Hormone Receptor,HR)阳性乳腺癌是最常见的分子亚型,约占所有乳腺癌病例的70%[3-5]。依据美国临床肿瘤学会(American Society of Clinical Oncology,ASCO)/美国病理学家学会(College of American Pathologists,CAP)的相关指南,雌激素受体(Estrogen Receptor,ER)表达量≥1%的肿瘤定义为ER阳性[6-7]。对于早期ER阳性乳腺癌患者,以手术、放疗等为主的局部治疗方案仍是目前最主要的治疗手段[8-9],术后辅助内分泌治疗则能够进一步降低患者的短期和长期复发风险[10-11]。而对于晚期ER阳性乳腺癌患者,以内分泌治疗为基础的全身性治疗方案占据主导地位[12-14]。目前以选择性雌激素受体调节剂(selective estrogen receptor modulator,SERM)如他莫昔芬、托瑞米芬等和第三代芳香化酶抑制剂(aromatase Inhibitor,AI)如来曲唑、阿那曲唑、依西美坦等为代表的内分泌治疗已成为ER阳性乳腺癌各阶段治疗的经典手段。
2020版ASCO/CAP更新的乳腺癌诊疗指南[15],将ER表达1%~10%定义为“ER弱阳性”,而对于该群体是否需行内分泌治疗还存在争议。ER表达量越高,对内分泌治疗的反应越好,这一共识普遍应用在临床实践中,但患者预后与ER表达量并不呈线性相关。现有指南将乳腺癌ER表达量11%~100%这一类乳腺癌归类为“ER强阳性”,但这一区间跨度较大,区间内不同ER表达量乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征以及治疗与预后特点是否一致还不得而知。此外,现有主要临床试验(如ATAC[16]、BIG 1-98[17])受试者以欧美、拉丁等非亚裔为主,白种人占90%以上,现行指南(如NCCN、ESMO指南)均基于这些结果制定。亚裔与非亚裔女性在乳腺癌流行病学特征(如发病年龄、激素受体阳性率)、遗传背景(如ESR1突变频率)及生活习惯上差异显著[18-20],部分结论可能不完全适用于亚裔尤其是中国患者群体。目前尚无ER中表达这一概念,本研究旨在探索ER表达水平分层新标准,并评估新标准下不同ER表达分层患者内分泌治疗效果及预后。
本研究为回顾性队列研究,纳入2013年1月1日至2018年12月31日在陆军军医大学第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科行手术治疗的乳腺癌患者数据。收集的病例信息涵盖:①患者基础资料,包括人口学特征、术前各项检查结果、术前穿刺病理诊断报告;②诊疗相关信息,包含手术实施日期,术式、术后影像学评估结果,术后病理诊断报告,以及化疗(含术前新辅助化疗)与内分泌治疗方案。研究设定的统计指标包含:患者确诊时的年龄、淋巴结转移情况、ER表达水平、TNM分期;治疗相关统计指标,包括化疗实施情况(含术前新辅助化疗)、手术类型(分为保乳术与非保乳术)、内分泌治疗方案(SERM与AI)。对所有患者进行随访,记录随访时间点,内容包括复发、转移、死亡事件的发生时间,以及末次随访的具体日期。根据随访结果,统计患者的生存状态,包括存活、出现复发或转移,以及死亡等情况。该研究为回顾性研究,已免除患者知情同意。本研究经陆军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准实施[(B)KY2024186]。
纳入标准:①行手术治疗,且病理结果为乳腺癌;②女性患者,确诊时年龄为18~75岁;③美国癌症联合委员会(American Joint Committee on Cancer,AJCC)TNM分期为0~Ⅲ期且无远处转移证据;④病理诊断确诊为ER阳性/HER2阴性乳腺癌,其中HER2阴性的判定标准为免疫组化表达为-或+,或HER2为++但荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测结果为阴性;⑤术前无乳腺癌病史或其他恶性肿瘤病史;⑥术后按乳腺癌相关指南规范行内分泌治疗。排除标准:①患者临床资料基本信息不完整;②病理结果不能明确HER2状态者(如HER2表达为++但无FISH结果)。
他莫昔芬等SERM类内分泌治疗药物可竞争性占据ER,并下调E2水平,削弱雌激素驱动的增殖信号,使肿瘤细胞生长停留在G1早期,从而减少S期细胞的比例,进而阻断雌激素对肿瘤细胞的促增殖作用[21]。来曲唑等AI类内分泌治疗药物可通过不可逆结合芳香化酶活性位点,阻断雄激素向雌激素的转化,迅速耗竭循环及肿瘤内雌二醇,解除雌激素对ER阳性乳癌细胞的生长驱动[22-24]。其中依西美坦属于甾体类芳香化酶抑制剂,来曲唑与阿那曲唑属于非甾体类芳香化酶抑制剂。
本研究的暴露因素为通过免疫组织化学法检测的ER表达水平,主要研究结局指标为无病生存期(disease free survival,DFS),次要研究结局指标为总生存期(overall survival,OS)。复发指的是手术部位同侧的胸壁或乳房再次出现病变;转移指同侧的内乳淋巴结、腋窝淋巴结或锁骨上、下淋巴结引流区域等部位的转移情况。DFS指从手术至发生复发、转移或任何原因死亡的时间;OS指从手术至任何原因死亡的时间。对未发生终点事件的患者,其生存时间以末次随访时间计算,若末次随访日期早于研究的最终随访截止日期,则定义为失访。
随访以手术日期为起点,为保证随访时间不少于5年,随访截止时间定于2023年12月31日。随访方法包括使用陆军军医大学第一附属医院病历系统对门诊复查患者、住院患者进行查找以及电话随访。复发和转移日期根据患者来院复查的彩超、CT、磁共振、放射性核素检查及病理活检等结果及电话随访(院外复查患者)的结果综合确定。死亡日期为病历系统记录的日期及电话随访患者家属告知的死亡时间。
本研究纳入样本量为1 962例,为评估此样本量的检验效能,进行了事后把握度分析:假设ER高表达组与中表达组5年DFS率差异为10%(85% vs 75%),设定α=0.05(双侧),利用PASS 15.0软件计算。分析显示,在当前样本量及分组比例下,本研究检测该差异的检验效能(1-β)>90%,表明现有样本量足以识别具有临床意义的预后差异。
在现代医学研究中,确定最佳截断点对于提高诊断和治疗的准确性至关重要。利用X-tile软件[25]寻找最佳截断点是一种有效的方法,已在医学研究中得到广泛应用[26-32]。利用X-tile软件寻找最佳截断点,虽然在ER表达量10%处不是DFS和OS的最佳截断点(图1),与现有研究存在差异,但存在ER表达量30%这一最佳截断点。遂结合现有研究及指南普遍认可的10%这一最佳截断点,定义ER表达量(1%~10%)为低表达组,ER表达量(>10%~30%)为中表达组,ER表达量(>30%~100%)为高表达组,并通过生存分析比较3组DFS和OS。
在观察性研究中,倾向评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM)[33-35]用于消除组别之间的非处理因素(干扰因素)的偏差,目前已有多项高质量研究采用此方法平衡基线[36-37]。本研究的协变量为年龄、内分泌治疗方式(SERM或AI)、手术方式(是否保乳)、腋窝淋巴结情况(转移与否)、临床分期(0~Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期)以及化疗情况(术前新辅助化疗和术后辅助化疗)。倾向得分采用R软件MatchItpack包进行Logistic回归分析,当低表达组与中表达组间差异无统计学意义时无需匹配;为尽可能保留更多病例数,低表达组与中表达组合并后与高表达组进行匹配,采用1∶3最近邻匹配,未设定卡尺值。使用标准化均值差(standardized mean difference,SMD)来评估匹配的平衡性,SMD<0.1认为组间差异可以忽略。为验证PSM结果的稳健性,进行了逆概率加权(inverse probability of treatment weighting,IPTW)分析。通过比较两种方法处理后的SMD,评估基线特征平衡效果的改善情况,以此作为敏感性分析的主要依据。
使用CNSknowall在线工具(https://www.cnsknowall.com/)、R语言4.4.2及SPSS 26软件进行分析。连续性变量使用M(P25,P75)表示;分类变量采用n(%)表示。生存分析相关指标中,DFS与OS的生存曲线通过Kaplan-Meier法进行估算,采用Log-rank检验比较各组之间生存差异,采用反向kaplan-Meier法对中位随访时间进行估算。风险因素分析采用Cox比例风险回归模型,通过该模型估计风险比(hazard ratio,HR)及其95%CI,对最终多因素Cox比例风险模型中包含的所有协变量采用Schoenfeld残差法进行比例风险假设检验。组间变量比较中,分类变量的差异检验根据实际数据特征选用χ²检验或Fisher精确检验;连续性变量的组间比较,首先使用Shapiro-Wilk检验进行正态性检验,并使用Levene检验进行方差齐性检验。满足正态分布与方差齐性的变量,采用单因素方差分析;否则,采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
经纳排后共入组1 962例。其中低表达组129例(6.6%),中表达组151例(7.7%),高表达组患者1 682例(85.7%)。为平衡基线,经过PSM后,共计1 120例患者纳入研究,其中低表达组129例(11.5%),中表达组151例(13.5%),高表达组840例(75.0%)。患者基线特征显示,在PSM前,内分泌治疗方案(SMD=0.22)、是否保乳(SMD=0.15)以及是否接受化疗(SMD=0.28)方面3组患者的基线特征不一致(表1)。经过PSM后,3组患者在内分泌治疗方案(SMD=0.046)、是否保乳(SMD=0.069)方面基线特征一致,在是否化疗方面仍有轻度不一致(SMD=0.12),表明3组患者基线特征较匹配前趋于一致。IPTW后,所有变量的SMD均进一步减小,平均SMD由匹配后的0.075降至0.055。
至随访截止日期2023年12月31日,所有患者的中位随访时间为85.20(95%CI:80.30~90.00)个月,其中ER低表达组为60.00(95%CI:55.00~65.00)个月,ER中表达组为80.00(95%CI:75.00~85.00)个月,ER高表达组为85.20(95%CI:80.30~90.00)个月。失访率方面,ER低表达组为6.20%(8/129),ER中表达组为10.60%(16/151),ER高表达组失访率较高(16.20%,136/840)。为评估失访对研究结果的影响,比较ER高表达组中失访患者与未失访患者的基线特征。结果显示,2组在年龄、内分泌治疗方案、手术方式、淋巴结状态、临床分期及化疗情况等基线特征上差异无统计学意义,表明失访可能为随机发生,未发现系统性偏倚的证据。生存分析结果表明,ER低表达组、中表达组以及高表达组的DFS存在差异(P<0.001),且低表达组及中表达组DFS较高表达组差(图2A)。3组的OS同样存在差异(P<0.001),且ER高表达组OS优于中表达组及低表达组(图2B)。为验证结果敏感性,使用最坏情况分析:对于DFS,假设ER低表达组与中表达组失访患者均出现复发、转移,高表达组患者均未出现复发转移(P<0.001),假设低表达组与中表达组失访患者均无复发转移,高表达组失访患者均出现复发转移(P=0.048),说明即使在最极端情况下,3组患者间DFS仍具有统计学差异。对于OS,假设低表达组与中表达组失访患者均死亡,高表达组失访患者均未死亡(P<0.001),但假设低表达组与中表达组失访患者均未死亡,高表达组失访患者均死亡(P=0.058),说明在极端情况下,失访患者对OS有一定影响,但不影响高表达组患者有较好OS的趋势。
对匹配后数据在是否为年轻乳腺癌患者(≤40岁和>40岁)、内分泌治疗药物(SERM和AI)、淋巴结转移状态、是否保乳、TNM分期(0-Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期)以及是否进行化疗进行亚组分析。图3分析结果显示,对于DFS,在ER低表达组和中表达组之间均未发现显著差异;在以下亚组中的ER中表达组患者DFS劣于高表达组:口服SERM亚组[HR=0.51(95%CI:0.33~0.79),P=0.003]、非保乳患者亚组[HR=0.57(95%CI:0.39~0.83),P=0.003]、淋巴结转移患者亚组[HR=0.41(95%CI:0.23~0.74),P=0.003]、TNM分期Ⅱ期患者[HR=0.45(95%CI:0.27~0.75),P=0.002]、接受化疗患者[HR=0.61(95%CI:0.43~0.88),P=0.008];各年龄分层、使用AI方案、接受保乳手术、淋巴结无转移、TNM分期0 - I期及Ⅲ期、未接受化疗者亚组的DFS无显著差异。
对于OS的亚组分析,图4结果表示,在以下亚组中ER低表达组的OS劣于中表达组:在非年轻乳腺癌患者组(>40岁) [HR=0.34(95%CI:0.16~0.70),P=0.004]、非保乳患者组 [HR=0.33(95%CI:0.16~0.66),P=0.002]、淋巴结无转移患者组 [HR=0.13(95%CI:0.03~0.58),P=0.007]、接受化疗患者 [HR=0.36(95%CI:0.19~0.70),P=0.002];年轻乳腺癌、内分泌方案(SERM和AI)、接受保乳手术、淋巴结转移、任何TNM分期、未接受化疗者亚组的OS无显著差异。在以下亚组中的ER中表达组的OS劣于高表达组:口服SERM亚组[HR=0.34(95%CI:0.15~0.77),P=0.01]、非保乳组[HR=0.50(95%CI:0.25~1.00),P=0.049]、淋巴结转移患者亚组[HR=0.43(95%CI:0.21~0.88),P=0.022]、TNM分期II期[HR=0.31(95%CI:0.11~0.85),P=0.023]、接受化疗患者亚组[HR=0.50(95%CI:0.26~0.94),P=0.032]。
对PSM后患者的DFS进行了Cox单因素和多因素分析(表2)。单因素分析显示,ER低表达患者与ER体中表达患者在复发或转移风险方面无显著差异。但ER高表达患者的复发或转移风险明显低于ER中表达患者[HR=0.61(95%CI:0.42~0.87),P=0.007]。淋巴结转移患者发生复发或转移的风险显著高于未转移患者[HR=2.39(95%CI:1.80~3.18),P<0.001]。较晚的TNM分期是复发或转移的危险因素:TNM分期Ⅱ期患者复发转移风险约为0-Ⅰ期的1.64倍[HR=1.64 (95%CI:1.06~2.53),P=0.026],Ⅲ期患者复发转移风险约为0-Ⅰ期的5.27倍[HR=5.27(95%CI:3.44~8.09),P<0.001]。接受化疗的患者复发或转移风险显著高于未接受化疗者[HR=5.03(95%CI:2.23~11.33),P<0.001]。对上述显著性因素进行多因素分析发现,ER高表达组的复发或转移风险仍低于中表达组[HR=0.62(95%CI:0.43~0.88),P=0.009]。TNM分期Ⅲ期患者复发转移风险仍较0-I期高[HR=4.49(95%CI:2.48~8.11),P<0.001],接受化疗仍是影响DFS的重要因素[HR=3.19(95%CI:1.39~7.34),P=0.006],患者更易发生复发或转移。然而,淋巴结状态和TNM分期II期已不再作为疾病复发或转移的显著影响因素。
对匹配患者的OS进行了Cox单因素和多因素分析(表3)。单因素分析显示,ER低表达患者相较于中表达患者死亡风险更高[HR=2.91(95%CI:1.52~5.59),P=0.001],而ER高表达患者死亡风险低于中表达患者[HR=0.49(95%CI:0.26~0.94),P=0.031]。淋巴结转移[HR=2.45(95%CI:1.53~3.92),P<0.001]、TNM分期Ⅲ期[HR=6.21(95%CI:3.01~12.83),P<0.001]及接受化疗[HR=5.38(95%CI:1.32~21.90),P=0.019]的患者死亡风险显著升高。对上述显著性因素进行多因素分析发现,ER低表达患者死亡风险持续高于中表达患者[HR=3.03(95%CI:1.57~5.84),P<0.001],而ER高表达患者死亡风险仍低于中表达患者[HR=0.49(95%CI:0.26~0.93),P=0.03]。TNM分期Ⅲ期患者的死亡风险显著高于I期患者[HR=5.74(95%CI:2.13~15.48),P<0.001],而淋巴结状态和化疗已不再作为影响死亡风险的显著因素。对DFS和OS的多因素Cox回归模型进行比例风险假设检验。Schoenfeld残差检验结果显示,所有纳入模型的协变量均满足比例风险假设(P>0.05),支持使用Cox比例风险模型进行风险因素分析。
对主要结果进行敏感性分析,IPTW后ER低表达患者的死亡风险仍高于中表达患者,而ER高表达患者的复发转移及死亡风险均低于ER中表达患者(表4)。这表明PSM后的数据与IPTW后的数据主要结论一致,验证了结果的稳健性。
针对各组患者的内分泌治疗效果进行进一步分析。研究结果表明,ER低表达患者无论接受SERM方案还是AI方案内分泌治疗,在DFS和OS方面均未呈现显著差异(图5A、B)。而接受AI治疗的ER中表达患者DFS显著优于SERM组(P=0.02,图5C),同样地,接受AI治疗的ER高表达患者DFS也明显优于SERM组(P=0.03,图5E)。尽管ER中表达组和高表达组患者的OS在统计学上未见显著差异(图5D、F),但AI组预后改善的趋势较SERM组更为明显。
IHC染色中1%细胞核着色这一切点的确定,源于ECOG2197临床试验的研究结论[38],该试验通过分析IHC检测结果与逆转录PCR检测结果的一致性,最终明确了这一判断标准。本研究在实际临床工作中的观念是ER表达量越高,乳腺癌患者对内分泌治疗的反应及预后越好,但二者是否呈线性关系,目前还没有相关报道,在很长一段时间里,对于ER都是在进行定性分析,从而指导内分泌治疗。本研究使用X-tile软件计算得出存在ER表达量30%这一最佳截点,并结合现有研究公认的ER表达量10%这一界线,创新性地将ER阳性/HER2阴性乳腺癌患者分为低表达组、中表达组以及高表达组。
在PSM之前,ER中表达组患者年龄更小、更多的患者口服SERM、淋巴结转移比例更高,ER低表达组保乳比例更低、TNM分期更晚,而ER高表达组接受术前新辅助化疗和术后化疗的比例最低。匹配后,3组在诊断时的年龄、内分泌治疗方式、手术方式、淋巴结情况、TNM分期以及化疗情况方面均无显著差异,基线值几乎相同。该方法尽可能地消除了组间的混杂因素,平衡了组间基线,达到了事后随机化的效果。ER中表达患者在DFS和OS方面均较高表达量患者差,中表达组在是否为年轻乳腺癌分组、口服SERM组、乳房全切组、有淋巴结转移组、TNM分期为II期以及化疗组的DFS较高表达组差,在口服SERM组、非保乳组、淋巴结转移组、TNM分期为Ⅱ期以及接受化疗组的OS较高表达组差。单因素、多因素分析提示ER高表达患者的复发、转移和死亡风险均较ER中表达患者低。这些都提示制定ER阳性/HER2阴性乳腺癌患者ER“中表达”这一分层标准具有很强的临床指导意义,将ER表达量11%~30%的患者从“强阳性”群体中分离出来,具有重要的预后判断价值,推荐在临床决策中予以区分,以实现预后判断与治疗选择的精准化。
目前,各大研究对雌激素受体低表达(表达量1%~10%)乳腺癌是否需行内分泌治疗意见仍不统一。IWAMOTO等[39-40]的研究认为低水平的ER表达与较差的预后相关,接受内分泌治疗的ER低表达(1%~10%)乳腺癌患者预后与ER阴性患者相似。而另一些研究表明[6],即使在低水平的ER表达中,仍能从内分泌治疗中获益。本研究对匹配后患者的单因素、多因素分析显示,ER低表达量患者的复发、转移风险与中表达患者无差异,而死亡风险较中表达患者高。并且亚组分析显示,ER低表达组与中表达组在各个因素的DFS都无差异。均可间接反映内分泌治疗可提高ER低表达患者的DFS,ER低表达患者仍需行内分泌治疗,但对死亡率无影响。因此,建议在临床实践中,对ER低表达患者不应轻易放弃内分泌治疗,而应结合其临床病理特征、药物耐受性等因素综合决策。尽管其绝对获益可能有限,但在缺乏更有效替代方案的情况下,内分泌治疗仍具重要地位。
进一步分析各组患者更适合哪种内分泌治疗方案,结果显示,在ER低表达组中,接受SERM或AI治疗的患者预后无显著差异。对于ER中、高表达患者,采用AI方案治疗的患者DFS显著优于SERM组,这与RUHSTALLER[17]的研究一致,尽管OS并无显著差异,但使用AI类药物的患者在远期预后显示出优于SERM患者组的趋势。以上结果提示,在临床实践中,医生应根据患者情况制定个性化治疗方案,对于ER低表达患者,可综合考虑用药指征、药物耐受程度、药物副作用以及患者经济状况等因素灵活选择SERM或AI,兼顾疗效与安全性;而对于ER中表达及高表达患者,在符合用药指征的情况下,更倾向于使用AI类药物。
ER表达量10%这一截断点的概念是由国外提出的,考虑到国外研究中入组的患者主要为白种人、黑种人、拉丁裔和西班牙裔等种族,而亚裔患者的入组比例较低,因此10%这一截断点是否适用于中国人群乃至亚裔人群,仍存在疑问。本研究基于中国乳腺癌患者数据发现ER表达量30%这一截断点,创新性地提出ER“中表达”的概念,或许这更加契合中国人群的实际情况。
当然,本项研究仍有一定的局限性。孕激素受体表达情况同样是影响激素受体阳性乳腺癌预后的重要影响因素,本研究仅关注ER的表达情况。使用PSM虽能达到事后随机化,从一定程度上减少因基线偏倚的差异对结果造成影响,但未能平衡Ki-67、是否放疗等混杂因素,可能导致残留混杂偏倚。Ki-67高表达通常预后较差,且可能在不同ER表达组中分布不均。如果高ER组Ki-67较低,会夸大ER高表达的生存获益,但有研究表明,ER表达与Ki-67通常存在负相关性[41],这与本文ER高表达患者的预后更好并无冲突。其次,尽管PSM后基线已趋于平衡,但仍通过IPTW进行了敏感性分析。结果显示加权后平衡性得到进一步改善(平均SMD=0.055),这进一步说明采用PSM方法平衡基线时并未引入其他混杂因素,而IPTW后的主要结果并未发生反转,增强了结果的稳健性。本研究为回顾性研究,证据级别较前瞻性研究低。随访时间为5~11年,且高表达组患者失访率较高,对于长期预后情况还需进行进一步随访,同时对于结果普适性有待于多中心验证。
综上所述,本研究表明,建立ER阳性/HER2阴性乳腺癌ER中表达(10%<ER表达量≤30%)的分层标准具有可行性,这更适合中国乳腺癌人群。ER高表达患者与低表达或中表达的患者相比预后更佳。ER低表达患者仍需接受内分泌治疗,但其获益较中、高表达患者有限,在临床中可根据患者经济条件、药物耐受程度等实际情况选择SERM或AI内分泌治疗方案;ER中、高表达患者更推荐AI内分泌治疗方案,其DFS获益更高。

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2025年第47卷第22期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510028
  • 接收时间:2025-10-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-11-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15
  • 修回日期:2025-11-15
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科,重庆

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