Article(id=1322954374888173901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954308836270447, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509054, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757865600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-15, revisedDate=1761148800000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346502277, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1763136000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346502277, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346502277, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346502277, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954308836270447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='21', pageStart='2581', pageEnd='2724', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1763136000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346486529, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346486529, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2602, endPage=2610, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954375118860622, articleId=1322954374888173901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Joint function screening and corrective training reduce incidence of training injuries among new recruits: a randomized controlled trial based on the knowledge-attitude-belief-practice pathway, columnId=1320435151990014650, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Military Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To identify recruit movement dysfunction based on military joint function screening and assessment, implement targeted corrective training, explore the impact of this assessment-correction system on knowledge-attitude-belief-practice (KABP) related factors, and scientifically evaluate its efficacy in preventing recruit military training injuries within the knowledge-attitude-belief-practice theoretical framework.

Methods

A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted at a recruit training base of the Joint Logistics Support Force from March to May 2025, enrolling 446 recruits. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=223) or control group (n=223) using a random number table. The control group followed the routine training program, while the experimental group additionally received a 2-month targeted corrective training for movement dysfunction alongside the established training tasks. Knowledge-attitude-belief-practice questionnaires were administered to both groups at the initial, intermediate, and advanced stages of the corrective training. Univariate logistic regression was used to preliminarily screen KABP-related factors, and a multivariate logistic regression model was further constructed to analyze the role of KABP factors in the corrective training.

Results

The experimental group had a cumulative training injury incidence of 40 cases (17.9%), which was significantly lower than that of the control group (83 cases, 37.2%; χ²=20.757, P<0.001). The experimental group showed varying degrees of improvement in knowledge, attitude and belief, and practice dimensions (P<0.05), while the control group exhibited no significant changes in the three KABP dimensions across the three surveys. Logistic regression analysis revealed: In the first round, total practice score was significantly negatively associated with training injury incidence rate (OR=0.863, 95%CI: 0.822~0.906, P<0.001), whereas knowledge and attitude-belief dimensions showed no significant association; In the second round, both total knowledge score (OR=0.925, 95%CI: 0.903~0.946, P<0.001) and total practice score (OR=0.906, 95%CI: 0.874~0.940, P<0.001) significantly reduced the risk of military training injuries, with attitude-belief dimension still showing no significant effect; In the third round, all three KABP dimensions were significantly negatively associated with military training injury incidence rate (knowledge: OR=0.905, 95%CI: 0.884~0.926, P<0.001; attitude and belief: OR=0.942, 95%CI: 0.899~0.988, P=0.013; behavior: OR=0.882, 95%CI: 0.841~0.924, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Joint function screening and corrective training can significantly reduce the incidence of recruit training injuries, primarily by optimizing knowledge mastery and movement behavior; belief cultivation, however, requires long-term practical accumulation.

, authors=Zujie TANG1, Zejun WANG1, Gang WANG2, Yongfei SONG2, Zhaokang ZHU2, Tao MENG1, authorsList=Zujie TANG, Zejun WANG, Gang WANG, Yongfei SONG, Zhaokang ZHU, Tao MENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tao MENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954375534096719, articleId=1322954374888173901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=关节功能筛查与纠正训练降低新兵训练伤发生率:一项基于知信行路径的随机对照试验, columnId=1320435152170369724, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·军事医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于军人身体关节功能筛查评估识别新兵运动功能障碍并实施针对性纠正训练,探究该评估纠正体系对知信行相关因素的影响,并基于知信行理论框架,评估其在预防新兵军事训练伤方面的效能。

方法

2025年3—5月在联勤保障部队某新兵训练基地开展整群随机对照试验,纳入446名新兵,采用随机数字表法分为实验组(n=223)和对照组(n=223)。对照组按常规训练计划执行,实验组在完成既定训练任务的同时,额外进行为期2个月的针对性运动功能障碍纠正训练。在纠正训练的初、中、高级3个阶段发放知信行问卷对2组新兵进行调查。采用单因素Logistic回归初步筛选知信行相关因素,并进一步构建多因素Logistic回归模型,分析知信行因素在纠正训练中发挥的作用。

结果

实验组在2个月训练周期内累计发生训练伤40例(17.9%),发生率显著低于对照组(83例,37.2%;χ²=20.757,P<0.001)。实验组知识、态度和信念、行为维度上均呈现不同程度的改善(P<0.05),而对照组在三轮调查中知信行3个维度均未呈现显著变化。Logistic回归分析显示,第一轮:行为总分与训练伤发生率呈显著负相关(OR=0.863,95%CI:0.822~0.906,P<0.001),而知识、态度和信念维度与军事训练伤无显著关联;第二轮:知识总分(OR=0.925,95%CI:0.903~0.946,P<0.001)与行为总分(OR=0.906,95%CI:0.874~0.940,P<0.001)均显著降低军事训练伤风险,态度和信念维度仍无显著作用;第三轮:知信行3个维度均与军事训练伤发生率存在显著负相关(知识OR=0.905,95%CI:0.884~0.926,P<0.001;态度和信念OR=0.942,95%CI:0.899~0.988,P=0.013;行为OR=0.882,95%CI:0.841~0.924,P<0.001)。

结论

关节功能筛查与纠正训练能显著降低新兵训练伤发生率,主要通过优化知识掌握和动作行为实现;而信念培养需长期实践积累。

, authors=唐足界1, 王泽军1, 王刚2, 宋永飞2, 朱兆康2, 孟涛1, authorsList=唐足界, 王泽军, 王刚, 宋永飞, 朱兆康, 孟涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孟涛, authorNote=

同等贡献者

TANG Zujie and WANG Zejun contributed equally to the article

, correspAuthorsNote=
孟涛,E-mail:
MENG Tao,E-mail:
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Mil Med Jt Logist,2023,37(11):957-961., articleTitle=Current status and influencing factors of knowledge,attitude and practice of Meniscus injury in 808 recruits, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954375794143568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954375806726481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, companyId=1322954375794143568, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Military Basic Training and Army Management,Army Health Service Training Base,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954375815115090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, companyId=1322954375794143568, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)陆军卫勤训练基地军事共同与部队管理教研室,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322954375915778387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954375924166996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, companyId=1322954375915778387, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Troop 32739 of PLA,Zhengzhou,Henan,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954375932555605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, companyId=1322954375915778387, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国人民解放军32739部队,河南 郑州)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954379908755838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Progressive training protocol

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StageTraining typeTraining content
Beginner levelRelaxation,reset,and preparationMyofascial release techniques,muscle stretching techniques,breathing techniques,dynamic neuromuscular stabilization techniques,dynamic movements,and joint traction
Intermediate levelRelaxation,reset,preparation,reinforcementMyofascial relaxation techniques,muscle stretching techniques,breathing techniques,dynamic neuromuscular stabilization techniques,dynamic activities,joint traction,static stability training,dynamic stability training,and reactive neuromuscular training
Advanced levelRelaxation,reset,preparation,strengthening,integrationMyofascial release techniques,muscle stretching techniques,breathing techniques,dynamic neuromuscular stabilization techniques,dynamic activities,joint traction,static stability training,dynamic stability training,reactive neuromuscular training,and functional training
), ArticleFig(id=1322954379984253311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

进阶训练法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StageTraining typeTraining content
Beginner levelRelaxation,reset,and preparationMyofascial release techniques,muscle stretching techniques,breathing techniques,dynamic neuromuscular stabilization techniques,dynamic movements,and joint traction
Intermediate levelRelaxation,reset,preparation,reinforcementMyofascial relaxation techniques,muscle stretching techniques,breathing techniques,dynamic neuromuscular stabilization techniques,dynamic activities,joint traction,static stability training,dynamic stability training,and reactive neuromuscular training
Advanced levelRelaxation,reset,preparation,strengthening,integrationMyofascial release techniques,muscle stretching techniques,breathing techniques,dynamic neuromuscular stabilization techniques,dynamic activities,joint traction,static stability training,dynamic stability training,reactive neuromuscular training,and functional training
), ArticleFig(id=1322954380068139392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of knowledge-attitude-belief-practice scores between 2 groups across three rounds(points,n=223,x¯±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RoundDomainControl groupExperimental grouptP
The first roundKnowledge48.48±13.3052.42±14.163.0230.003
Attitude and belief36.57±4.4336.57±5.110.0200.984
Practice40.29±4.6437.88±5.684.901<0.001
The second roundKnowledge50.21±10.1652.41±10.572.2380.026
Attitude and belief36.94±4.4137.53±4.791.3580.175
Practice39.90±6.0640.81±5.951.5920.112
The third roundKnowledge49.67±11.7758.23±11.177.875<0.001
Attitude and belief36.89±4.1937.59±4.621.6750.095
Practice40.51±4.7841.18±4.531.5150.131
), ArticleFig(id=1322954380152025473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2组人员3轮知信行组间得分对比(分,n=223,x¯±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
RoundDomainControl groupExperimental grouptP
The first roundKnowledge48.48±13.3052.42±14.163.0230.003
Attitude and belief36.57±4.4336.57±5.110.0200.984
Practice40.29±4.6437.88±5.684.901<0.001
The second roundKnowledge50.21±10.1652.41±10.572.2380.026
Attitude and belief36.94±4.4137.53±4.791.3580.175
Practice39.90±6.0640.81±5.951.5920.112
The third roundKnowledge49.67±11.7758.23±11.177.875<0.001
Attitude and belief36.89±4.1937.59±4.621.6750.095
Practice40.51±4.7841.18±4.531.5150.131
), ArticleFig(id=1322954380219134338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

First-round logistic regression analysis of military training injuries and knowledge-attitude-belief-practice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesUnivariate AnalysisMultivariate Analysis
βSEZPOR (95%CI)βSEZPOR (95%CI)
Knowledge-0.0050.009-0.6200.5350.995(0.978~1.012)
Attitude and belief-0.0090.024-0.3650.7150.991(0.946~1.039)
Practice-0.1470.025-5.916<0.0010.863(0.822~0.906)-0.1870.029-6.508<0.0010.830(0.784~0.878)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954380303020419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

第一轮军事训练伤与知信行Logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesUnivariate AnalysisMultivariate Analysis
βSEZPOR (95%CI)βSEZPOR (95%CI)
Knowledge-0.0050.009-0.6200.5350.995(0.978~1.012)
Attitude and belief-0.0090.024-0.3650.7150.991(0.946~1.039)
Practice-0.1470.025-5.916<0.0010.863(0.822~0.906)-0.1870.029-6.508<0.0010.830(0.784~0.878)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954380374323588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Second-Round logistic regression analysis of military training injuries and knowledge-attitude-belief-practice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesUnivariate AnalysisMultivariate Analysis
βS.EZPOR (95%CI)βS.EZPOR (95%CI)
Knowledge-0.0780.012-6.639<0.0010.925(0.903~0.946)-0.1000.014-7.059<0.0010.905(0.881~0.931)
Attitude and belief-0.0310.025-1.2310.2180.970(0.923~1.018)
Practice-0.0980.019-5.293<0.0010.906(0.874~0.940)-0.1260.022-5.716<0.0010.881(0.844~0.920)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954380474986885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

第二轮军事训练伤与知信行Logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesUnivariate AnalysisMultivariate Analysis
βS.EZPOR (95%CI)βS.EZPOR (95%CI)
Knowledge-0.0780.012-6.639<0.0010.925(0.903~0.946)-0.1000.014-7.059<0.0010.905(0.881~0.931)
Attitude and belief-0.0310.025-1.2310.2180.970(0.923~1.018)
Practice-0.0980.019-5.293<0.0010.906(0.874~0.940)-0.1260.022-5.716<0.0010.881(0.844~0.920)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954380563067270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Third-round logistic regression analysis of military training injuries and knowledge-attitude-belief-practicee

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesUnivariate AnalysisMultivariate Analysis
βS.EZPOR(95%CI)βS.EZPOR(95%CI)
Knowledge-0.1000.012-8.527<0.0010.905(0.884~0.926)-0.1090.013-8.524<0.0010.896 (0.874~0.919)
Attitude and belief-0.0600.024-2.4790.0130.942(0.899~0.988)-0.1030.029-3.551<0.0010.902 (0.852~0.955)
Practice-0.1260.024-5.257<0.0010.882(0.841~0.924)-0.1340.028-4.874<0.0010.875 (0.829~0.923)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954380630176135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954374888173901, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

第三轮军事训练伤与知信行Logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariablesUnivariate AnalysisMultivariate Analysis
βS.EZPOR(95%CI)βS.EZPOR(95%CI)
Knowledge-0.1000.012-8.527<0.0010.905(0.884~0.926)-0.1090.013-8.524<0.0010.896 (0.874~0.919)
Attitude and belief-0.0600.024-2.4790.0130.942(0.899~0.988)-0.1030.029-3.551<0.0010.902 (0.852~0.955)
Practice-0.1260.024-5.257<0.0010.882(0.841~0.924)-0.1340.028-4.874<0.0010.875 (0.829~0.923)
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关节功能筛查与纠正训练降低新兵训练伤发生率:一项基于知信行路径的随机对照试验
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唐足界 1 , 王泽军 1 , 王刚 2 , 宋永飞 2 , 朱兆康 2 , 孟涛 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·军事医学 2025,47(21): 2602-2610
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·军事医学 2025 , 47 (21) : 2602 -2610
关节功能筛查与纠正训练降低新兵训练伤发生率:一项基于知信行路径的随机对照试验
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唐足界1, 王泽军1, 王刚2, 宋永飞2, 朱兆康2, 孟涛1
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)陆军卫勤训练基地军事共同与部队管理教研室,重庆
  • 2中国人民解放军32739部队,河南 郑州
通讯作者:
孟涛,E-mail:
MENG Tao,E-mail:
作者简介:

同等贡献者

TANG Zujie and WANG Zejun contributed equally to the article

Joint function screening and corrective training reduce incidence of training injuries among new recruits: a randomized controlled trial based on the knowledge-attitude-belief-practice pathway
Zujie TANG1, Zejun WANG1, Gang WANG2, Yongfei SONG2, Zhaokang ZHU2, Tao MENG1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Military Basic Training and Army Management,Army Health Service Training Base,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing
  • 2Troop 32739 of PLA,Zhengzhou,Henan,China
出版时间: 2025-11-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509054
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目的

基于军人身体关节功能筛查评估识别新兵运动功能障碍并实施针对性纠正训练,探究该评估纠正体系对知信行相关因素的影响,并基于知信行理论框架,评估其在预防新兵军事训练伤方面的效能。

方法

2025年3—5月在联勤保障部队某新兵训练基地开展整群随机对照试验,纳入446名新兵,采用随机数字表法分为实验组(n=223)和对照组(n=223)。对照组按常规训练计划执行,实验组在完成既定训练任务的同时,额外进行为期2个月的针对性运动功能障碍纠正训练。在纠正训练的初、中、高级3个阶段发放知信行问卷对2组新兵进行调查。采用单因素Logistic回归初步筛选知信行相关因素,并进一步构建多因素Logistic回归模型,分析知信行因素在纠正训练中发挥的作用。

结果

实验组在2个月训练周期内累计发生训练伤40例(17.9%),发生率显著低于对照组(83例,37.2%;χ²=20.757,P<0.001)。实验组知识、态度和信念、行为维度上均呈现不同程度的改善(P<0.05),而对照组在三轮调查中知信行3个维度均未呈现显著变化。Logistic回归分析显示,第一轮:行为总分与训练伤发生率呈显著负相关(OR=0.863,95%CI:0.822~0.906,P<0.001),而知识、态度和信念维度与军事训练伤无显著关联;第二轮:知识总分(OR=0.925,95%CI:0.903~0.946,P<0.001)与行为总分(OR=0.906,95%CI:0.874~0.940,P<0.001)均显著降低军事训练伤风险,态度和信念维度仍无显著作用;第三轮:知信行3个维度均与军事训练伤发生率存在显著负相关(知识OR=0.905,95%CI:0.884~0.926,P<0.001;态度和信念OR=0.942,95%CI:0.899~0.988,P=0.013;行为OR=0.882,95%CI:0.841~0.924,P<0.001)。

结论

关节功能筛查与纠正训练能显著降低新兵训练伤发生率,主要通过优化知识掌握和动作行为实现;而信念培养需长期实践积累。

新兵  /  关节功能筛查  /  军事训练伤  /  纠正训练  /  知信行
Objective

To identify recruit movement dysfunction based on military joint function screening and assessment, implement targeted corrective training, explore the impact of this assessment-correction system on knowledge-attitude-belief-practice (KABP) related factors, and scientifically evaluate its efficacy in preventing recruit military training injuries within the knowledge-attitude-belief-practice theoretical framework.

Methods

A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted at a recruit training base of the Joint Logistics Support Force from March to May 2025, enrolling 446 recruits. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=223) or control group (n=223) using a random number table. The control group followed the routine training program, while the experimental group additionally received a 2-month targeted corrective training for movement dysfunction alongside the established training tasks. Knowledge-attitude-belief-practice questionnaires were administered to both groups at the initial, intermediate, and advanced stages of the corrective training. Univariate logistic regression was used to preliminarily screen KABP-related factors, and a multivariate logistic regression model was further constructed to analyze the role of KABP factors in the corrective training.

Results

The experimental group had a cumulative training injury incidence of 40 cases (17.9%), which was significantly lower than that of the control group (83 cases, 37.2%; χ²=20.757, P<0.001). The experimental group showed varying degrees of improvement in knowledge, attitude and belief, and practice dimensions (P<0.05), while the control group exhibited no significant changes in the three KABP dimensions across the three surveys. Logistic regression analysis revealed: In the first round, total practice score was significantly negatively associated with training injury incidence rate (OR=0.863, 95%CI: 0.822~0.906, P<0.001), whereas knowledge and attitude-belief dimensions showed no significant association; In the second round, both total knowledge score (OR=0.925, 95%CI: 0.903~0.946, P<0.001) and total practice score (OR=0.906, 95%CI: 0.874~0.940, P<0.001) significantly reduced the risk of military training injuries, with attitude-belief dimension still showing no significant effect; In the third round, all three KABP dimensions were significantly negatively associated with military training injury incidence rate (knowledge: OR=0.905, 95%CI: 0.884~0.926, P<0.001; attitude and belief: OR=0.942, 95%CI: 0.899~0.988, P=0.013; behavior: OR=0.882, 95%CI: 0.841~0.924, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Joint function screening and corrective training can significantly reduce the incidence of recruit training injuries, primarily by optimizing knowledge mastery and movement behavior; belief cultivation, however, requires long-term practical accumulation.

new recruits  /  joint function screening  /  military training injuries  /  corrective training  /  knowledge-attitude-belief-practice
唐足界, 王泽军, 王刚, 宋永飞, 朱兆康, 孟涛. 关节功能筛查与纠正训练降低新兵训练伤发生率:一项基于知信行路径的随机对照试验. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (21) : 2602 -2610 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509054
Zujie TANG, Zejun WANG, Gang WANG, Yongfei SONG, Zhaokang ZHU, Tao MENG. Joint function screening and corrective training reduce incidence of training injuries among new recruits: a randomized controlled trial based on the knowledge-attitude-belief-practice pathway[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (21) : 2602 -2610 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509054
入伍训练作为新兵军事素质养成的关键阶段,其训练效果直接关系到部队战斗力生成。然而,由于身体尚未完全适应部队的训练节奏,加上训练方法不够科学、训练环境复杂多变等多种因素,导致训练伤频繁发生。这种非战斗减员现象不仅延误个体训练进度,更导致集体科目协同性下降,最终影响整体训练质效[1-4]。据相关研究显示,一项针对109 611名新兵的军事训练伤调查,其发生率为20.2%(95%CI:18.0%~22.5%)[5];某陆军院校的新训学员军事训练伤的发生率甚至高达59.26%[6]。目前,新兵军事训练伤发生率仍处于较高水平且未见明显下降趋势,因此,如何有效降低入伍训练中的训练伤发生率,已成为当前新兵训练工作中亟待解决的重要问题[7]。
已有研究表明,导致训练伤高发的核心因素是运动功能障碍引发的慢性损伤[8-9]。通过科学合理的运动功能评估和针对性纠正训练,可以有计划地提升新兵的身体机能和运动能力,增强肌肉力量、神经肌肉控制能力、关节稳定性和灵活性[10-13]。这不仅能够减少训练伤的发生,保障新兵的身体健康,还能提高新兵的训练效果。因此,改善新兵的运动功能障碍对于降低训练伤发生率具有至关重要的意义。
知信行(knowledge-attitude-belief-practice,KABP)是知识、态度和信念、行为的简称,该理论是用来解释个人健康知识、积极态度和信念如何影响健康行为,对指导、监督和规范个人建立正确的健康相关行为具有积极的促进作用[14-17]。聚焦军事医学范畴,将知信行理论引入部队军事训练伤防治工作中,通过深入调查官兵关于军事训练伤的知信行水平,能够精准把握其在知识储备、态度和信念倾向以及行为实践方面的现状,为制定针对性的干预策略提供坚实依据。
本研究是基于军人身体关节功能筛查评估开展的运动功能障碍纠正训练,从知识、态度和信念、行为3个维度施加影响,进而作用于军事训练伤的发生发展过程,揭示运动功能障碍纠正训练对军事训练伤的预防效果,为优化军事训练伤预防策略提供理论依据和实践指导。
2025年3—5月在联勤保障部队某新兵训练基地开展整群随机对照试验,纳入446名新兵,采用随机数字表法分为实验组(n=223)和对照组(n=223)。样本量计算依据:要求双侧检验,α=0.05,2组样本量比值1∶1(即2组病例数相等);β=0.1,把握度(检验效能)1-β=0.9。n代表每组样本量,Zα和Zβ需要查表。α为0.05,且Z值为双侧时,Z0.05=1.96;1-β=0.9,且Z值为单侧时,Zβ=1.28。本试验中Zα和Zβ分别等于1.96和1.28,本例中p1=0.20,p2=0.35,p代表p1和p2的均值,q代表1-p1和1-p2的均值,本例中p=0.275,q=0.725。根据样本计算公式:n=2×p¯×q¯×(Zα+Zβ)(p1-p2)2;故n=2×0.275×0.725×(1.96+1.28)2/(0.20-0.35)2=186。即实验组和对照组各需要186例研究对象,一共需要372例研究对象。考虑到数据丢失或无效等其它情况,依据20%计算,实际研究中实验组和对照组至少各需要223例研究对象,共需要446例研究对象。
纳入标准:①男性;②无既往伤病史或手术史;③自愿参与研究并签署知情同意书。排除标准:①有心脏病、高血压、呼吸系统以及神经类等基础疾病;②经审批无法参与新训的人员。本研究已通过陆军军医大学医学伦理委员会审批(2025第1-03)。
军人身体关节功能筛查评估包括足踝背屈、直膝抬腿、单腿平衡、胸椎旋转、肩部回旋、俯卧推起、四足抗旋7个动作,分别针对踝关节的灵活性、髋关节的灵活性与稳定性、下肢关节的稳定性、胸椎的灵活性、上肢关节的灵活性、肩胛胸壁关节的灵活性与稳定性以及核心的抗旋能力进行有效的运动功能障碍筛查评估。动作评分按照3、2、1、0分4个等级评定,其中1分表示存在较为严重的身体关节运动功能障碍。根据关节功能筛查测试结果,对受试者的筛查分数进行排序,以确定存在障碍的功能动作的纠正训练分组和顺序,排序原则包括得分排序原则和动作排序原则[18-19]。
得分排序原则:根据实验组新兵身体关节功能筛查测试得分进行排序分组,本研究主要解决单项得分1分的新兵,并依次解决左右侧得分为1-3、1-2、1-1分的动作。
动作排序原则:按照灵活性、稳定性、综合动作模式的顺序原则来进行排序。对应到本筛查技术中,应该依次解决足踝背屈、直膝抬腿、胸椎旋转、肩部回旋、单腿平衡、俯卧推起、四足抗旋动作中筛查出来的身体关节运动功能障碍。
一般而言,先按照得分排序原则进行排序分组,再通过动作排序原则进行补充。
根据身体关节功能筛查评估结果,筛选出实验组得分1分的新兵实施针对性纠正训练,按照7个筛查动作的侧重点分为上肢、核心和下肢3个训练组。对照组按常规训练计划执行,实验组在完成既定计划任务的基础上,由试验单位中取得美国体能协会资格认证的教练员牵头,并纳入经过针对性培训、富有多年组训经验的带教骨干进入团队进行组训,每周进行3次60 min运动功能障碍纠正训练,共计24次。并根据纠正训练效果按照初级(适应期)、中级(强化期)、高级(巩固期)3个阶段逐步进阶(表1)。
在查阅相关文献后,以知信行理论为框架,形成《新兵军事训练伤知信行》调查问卷。问卷分为知识、态度和信念、行为3个维度,共38个条目。根据纠正训练的进度安排,在初级、中级和高级3个阶段分别发放第一、二、三轮调查问卷,用以统计不同训练阶段的知信行影响情况。
军事训练伤知识维度:共20个条目,包括军事训练伤的概念、分类、预防、相关危险因素及发生训练伤后的应急处理方法和康复治疗等。每道题答对为知晓,答错为不知晓,每道题答对得4分,答错得1分;如果为水平评估类问题,则非常了解得4分,较为了解得3分,了解一些得2分,不了解得1分。最低可能得分20分,最高可能得分80分,得分越高则新兵对军事训练伤相关知识掌握程度越好。
军事训练伤态度和信念维度:共9个条目,包括对军事训练伤的关注程度、接受健康教育的意愿、对待军事训练伤防治的态度和信心等。采用Likert 5级评分法,从“非常赞同”到“非常不赞同”,正向分别赋予1~5分,反向条目赋予5~1分,最低可能得9分,最高可能得45分,分数越高则新兵对待军事训练伤的态度和信念越积极。
军事训练伤行为维度:共9个条目,包括日常行为、预防措施、训练注意事项及训练伤管理等。采用Likert 5级评分法,从“非常赞同”到“非常不赞同”,正向分别赋予1~5分,反向条目赋予5~1分,最低可能得9分,最高可能得45分,分数越高则新兵对待军事训练伤所具有的行为越好。
调查问卷信效度检验:调查问卷回收后采用Cronbach’s α系数进行信度检测分析。结果显示,本研究问卷第一轮Cronbach’s α=0.879,第二轮Cronbach’s α=0.860,第三轮Cronbach’s α=0.829。采用KMO值进行效度检测分析,结果显示KMO=0.84。
采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件进行数据分析。计量资料以x¯±s表示,两组计量资料差异比较采用独立样本t检验,3组计量资料差异比较采用单因素方差分析;计数资料以例(%)表示,差异比较采用卡方检验。通过单因素Logistic回归分析初步筛选影响因素,进一步采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析知信行水平对军事训练伤发生率的影响。所有统计检验采用双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
实验组在2个月训练周期内累计发生训练伤40例(17.9%),经卡方检验证实其损伤发生率显著低于对照组(83例,37.2%;χ²=20.757,P<0.001),提示纠正训练方案在训练伤预防方面具有显著效果。
通过3轮问卷调查对2组人员知识、态度和信念、行为维度进行动态评估。知识层面,实验组知识总分在3轮调查中均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);态度和信念层面,2组态度和信念总分在3轮评估中均无统计学差异;行为层面,第一轮实验组行为得分显著低于对照组(P<0.05,表2)。
对照组在3轮调查中知信行3个维度均未呈现显著变化[知识:(48.48±13.30) vs (50.21±10.16) vs (49.67±11.77)分,F=1.247,P=0.288;态度和信念:(36.57±4.43) vs (36.94±4.41) vs (36.89±4.19)分,F=0.494,P=0.610;行为:(40.29±4.64) vs (39.90±6.06) vs (40.51±4.78)分,F=0.786,P=0.456];实验组知识、态度和信念、行为维度上均呈现不同程度的改善[知识:(52.42±14.16) vs (52.41±10.57) vs (58.23±11.17)分,F=17.271,P<0.001;态度和信念:(36.57±5.11) vs (37.53±4.79) vs (37.59±4.62)分,F=3.106,P=0.045;行为:(37.88±5.68) vs (40.81±5.95) vs (41.18±4.53)分,F=24.695,P<0.001],其中知识(后期显著提升)和行为(持续增强)的变化最为明显,而态度和信念仅小幅改善。
通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归模型,分3轮评估知识、态度和信念、行为各维度对军事训练伤发生率的影响。第一轮单因素Logistic回归分析,行为总分与训练伤发生率呈显著负相关(OR=0.863,95%CI:0.822~0.906,P<0.001);多因素Logistic回归分析,行为总分与训练伤发生率呈显著负相关(OR=0.830,95%CI:0.784~0.878,P<0.001);行为得分每增加1分,训练伤风险降低13.7%;知识、态度和信念维度与军事训练伤无显著关联(表3)。
第二轮单因素Logistic回归分析,知识总分(OR=0.925,95%CI:0.903~0.946,P<0.001)与行为总分(OR=0.906,95%CI:0.874~0.940,P<0.001)均显著降低军事训练伤风险,态度和信念维度仍无显著作用。多因素Logistic回归模型纳入知识和行为层面,知识(OR=0.905,95%CI:0.881~0.931,P<0.001)与行为(OR=0.881,95%CI:0.844~0.920,P<0.001)均有保护效应,知识得分每增加1分,军事训练伤风险降低9.5%;行为得分每增加1分,军事训练伤风险降低11.9%(表4)。
第三轮单因素Logistic回归分析,知信行3个维度均与军事训练伤发生率存在显著负相关(知识OR=0.905,95%CI:0.884~0.926,P<0.001;态度和信念OR=0.942,95%CI:0.899~0.988,P=0.013;行为OR=0.882,95%CI:0.841~0.924,P<0.001),各维度分值越高,军事训练伤的发生风险越低。多因素Logistic回归模型将3个维度纳入,知识、态度和信念、行为仍然与军事训练伤发生率呈显著负相关(P<0.001),且各维度的效应均有所增强。知识得分每增加1分,军事训练伤风险降低10.4%;态度和信念得分每增加1分,军事训练伤风险降低9.8%;行为得分每增加1分,军事训练伤风险降低12.5%(表5)。
基于研究表明,该身体关节功能筛查评估能够有效识别身体关节存在的运动功能障碍,并通过针对性的纠正训练显著降低军事训练伤的发生率。实验数据显示,实验组训练伤发生率为17.9%,显著低于对照组的37.2%(P<0.001)。这一研究结果与王刚等[20]、雷恩宇等[21]关于关节功能筛查及纠正训练对降低训练伤发生率的研究结果具有一致性。研究证实,实施标准化的关节功能筛查评估并配合科学的纠正训练方案,能够有效预测可能在训练中出现的损伤部位,并精准实施干预,从而最大限度减少军事训练伤的发生,特别是在新兵训练阶段展现出显著的防护效果。该发现为军事训练伤的预防为先理念提供了重要的理论依据和实践指导。
新兵军事训练伤防护知识水平呈现上升趋势,实验组3轮测评得分分别为[第一轮:(52.42±14.16)分;第二轮:(52.41±10.57)分;第三轮:(58.23±11.17)分],为中等水平,高于孙乾等[22]对空降兵训练伤、曹春霞等[23]对武警新兵训练伤、孙俊峰等[24]对陆军某部新兵训练伤的研究结果。实验组3轮知识水平之间具有显著差异(P<0.001),清晰地反映出新兵在军事训练伤防护知识的掌握程度上实现了显著的进步。干预措施使军事训练伤发生风险平均降低9.5%~10.4%,基于知识维度开展的针对性培训,对降低训练伤发生率发挥了良好的效果。具体实施措施如下:① 开展以关节功能与军事训练伤防护为核心的专题讲座,不仅要涵盖训练伤的主要致伤机制、关节灵活性与稳定性的生物力学基础、标准化的动作模式以及创伤急救的规范化处理流程,还要着重强调关节功能障碍与训练伤之间的密切关系。②基于关节功能筛查结果提供个性化指导,借助军人关节功能筛查评估技术,对新兵的身体关节功能进行全面评估,通过解读筛查报告,辅助讲解身体关节功能基本知识,帮助新兵了解自身存在的身体功能障碍,提供针对性的训练建议和技巧,提高纠正训练效果。③在纠正训练过程中,以关节功能为核心,将理论知识融入到热身活动、放松运动、稳定性及灵活性训练、基本动作模式训练等各个环节,通过现场示范、案例分析等方式,让新兵深刻理解关节功能障碍对军事训练伤的影响,以及如何通过正确的训练方法改善关节功能,预防训练伤。通过这些方式加深新兵对运动功能障碍影响军事训练伤这一理论体系的理解和体会,从而提升纠正训练的科学性和有效性。
新兵军事训练伤防护态度和信念水平提升较小,仅在末轮出现显著效应,实验组3轮测评得分分别为[第一轮:(36.57±5.11)分;第二轮:(37.53±4.79)分;第三轮:(37.59±4.62)分],为中等水平,高于卢慧芳等[25]对新兵训练伤、约等于孙乾[22]对空降兵训练伤、低于孙俊峰[24]等对陆军某部新兵训练伤的研究结果。经单因素方差分析显示,3轮态度和信念得分之间的差异具有统计学意义(P=0.045),但提升幅度较小,且与对照组没有显著性差异,表明本研究态度和信念维度干预效果不佳。本次实验在态度和信念维度的干预效果未达预期,经分析,可能由以下因素所致:①在干预过程中,虽向新兵阐述了纠正训练相关知识对于预防军事训练伤的重要性,但缺乏进一步引导,未能促使新兵树立积极主动的防护信念,这使得新兵难以产生主动改变训练习惯以预防训练伤的内在意愿,导致在态度和信念层面的干预未能有效激发个体行为改变的动机。②干预方案在时间安排上可能缺乏合理性,干预强度和频率不足以对新兵的固有信念产生实质性改变。③纠正训练期间的知识辅助讲解可能不够持续和深入,新兵在训练过程中没有得到足够的强化和提醒,导致信念难以巩固和深化。从实验结果来看,仅在实验的最后阶段出现了显著效益,这提示态度和信念维度的干预若要取得显著效果,可能需要持续2个月及以上的时间。
针对上述新兵态度和信念维度干预效果不佳的问题,提出几点针对性改进措施:①积极开展以“身体关节功能与训练伤防护”的主题讨论活动,让新兵分享自己对训练伤的认识和经历,鼓励新兵积极发言,交流防护经验,并邀请有训练伤经历的老兵现身说法,讲述训练伤对自己的影响以及如何通过正确的防护措施避免再次受伤。②依据关节功能筛查结果,将新兵分为不同的关节功能障碍小组(上肢、核心、下肢),为每个小组制定专属的干预日程表,明确与关节功能纠正训练相关的知识讲座、培训和训练活动的时间和频率,例如下肢关节功能障碍组,每周安排1~2次膝关节功能训练伤防护知识讲座,每次讲座时间不少于30 min,同时安排针对膝关节的纠正训练课程,每次课程包括理论讲解和实践操作,如膝关节稳定性训练、灵活性训练等。③增加现场指导的次数,在新兵训练过程中,安排专业人员进行定期的现场指导,及时纠正新兵的错误动作,讲解防护知识;在训练场地设置防护知识宣传栏、配备防护知识手册,定期更新训练伤防护的相关知识和案例,让新兵在训练间隙能够随时学习。
新兵军事训练伤防护行为水平持续稳定提升,实验组3轮测评得分分别为[第一轮:(37.88±5.68)分;第二轮:(40.81±5.95)分;第三轮:(41.18±4.53)分],为中上水平,高于孙乾等[22]、曹春霞等[23]、卢慧芳等[25]对新兵训练伤的研究结果。实验组3轮行为水平之间具有显著差异(P<0.001),提示新兵在军事训练伤防护行为维度上有持续且显著的进步。干预措施使军事训练伤发生风险平均降低11.9%~13.7%,这一结果证实,基于行为维度的针对性培训在纠正训练计划中发挥了积极作用,有效降低了军事训练伤的发生率。具体措施有以下几点:① 规范训练流程;无论是日常训练还是纠正训练都要遵从体能训练规范流程,即“热身-主训-放松”的标准格式按纲施训,帮助新兵养成良好的训练习惯,减少体能训练的随机性。②注重军事训练伤损伤底层影响因素的针对性训练;在纠正训练中,将关节功能的改善作为核心目标;针对筛查中发现的关节灵活性、稳定性和动作模式问题,设计专门的训练模块;比如,对于髋关节灵活性不足的新兵,设计一系列髋关节旋转、外展和内收的训练动作。③科学监控训练流程;在纠正训练中适时监控纠正干预效果,注重新兵训练反馈,还要重点监控新兵关节功能的变化,通过定期的关节功能筛查,及时发现关节功能改善或恶化情况,调整训练负荷和组别(初、中、高级),保证了纠正训练的安全性和有效性。④强化训练后再生恢复手段;根据新兵关节功能的具体情况,采用更精准的恢复手段。对于关节周围疲劳的新兵,采用肌筋膜松解和按摩拉伸相结合的方法,重点放松关节周围的肌肉和筋膜;对于有关节轻微损伤的新兵,除了按摩拉伸外,还可以采用冷疗、热敷等物理治疗方法,促进关节损伤的修复。
综合知信行理论框架下的研究结果,运动功能障碍纠正训练通过知识和行为维度降低军事训练伤发生率成效显著,充分彰显了训练伤健康教育以及训练伤防护相关行为在纠正训练中的关键作用。然而,态度和信念维度在纠正训练的前中期并未展现出明显作用,直至最后阶段才呈现出显著影响。这一结果显示,新兵在纠正训练初期,更多的是依靠外界的指令(如上级的命令)和自我能力来进行训练,内心尚未形成对训练伤防护的深度认知和理解,可能仅仅是机械地遵循训练要求,未从根本上认识到训练伤防护行为的重要性。随着训练时间的推移,新兵在亲身体验到防护行为带来的积极效果(如减少伤痛、提高训练成绩)后,才逐渐在内心形成坚定的信念。这种从外在服从到内在认同的转变过程,反映出信念的形成是一个渐进且长期的过程,需要新兵在实践中不断积累经验、深化理解。

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2025年第47卷第21期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202509054
  • 接收时间:2025-09-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-11-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-15
  • 修回日期:2025-10-23
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)陆军卫勤训练基地军事共同与部队管理教研室,重庆
    2中国人民解放军32739部队,河南 郑州

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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