Article(id=1322954305199800396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954253676979072, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508082, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756224000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-27, revisedDate=1761667200000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346485662, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1764432000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346485662, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346485662, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346485662, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954253676979072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='22', pageStart='2725', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764432000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346473378, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346473378, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2814, endPage=2823, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954305459847245, articleId=1322954305199800396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Potential mechanism of metabolic syndrome related cognitive impairment: Mediation effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone in schizophrenia patients, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the correlation between thyroid hormone levels and cognitive function in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as the mediating role of thyroid hormones in the relationship between MetS-related indicators and cognitive function.

Methods

A cross-sectional trial was conducted on 120 SCZ inpatients and outpatients (40 cases of MetS and 80 cases of non-MetS) and 80 healthy controls admitted in the Chongqing Mental Health Center from August 2023 to December 2024. Thyroid function indicators [Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4)], MetS-related parameters [blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and waist circumference], Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were collected. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was applied to analyze the differences among the 3 groups, and LSD test or Bonferroni correction was performed for post hoc analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and metabolic parameters as well as cognitive/clinical scale scores (MoCA, PANSS) in the MetS group.

Results

The MetS group exhibited significantly lower FT4 level (P<0.05) and MoCA score (P=0.001), but higher TSH level (P<0.05) and PANSS negative symptom score (P<0.001) when compared to the non-MetS group. Correlation analysis indicated that in the MetS group, TSH level was positively correlated with TG (r=0.672, P<0.001) and PANSS negative symptom score (r=0.458, P<0.05), and negatively with HDL-C (r=-0.377, P=0.017) and MoCA score (r=-0.667, P<0.001); FT4 level was positively correlated with MoCA score (r=0.534, P<0.001). In the non-MetS group, TSH level was positively correlated with PANSS negative symptom score (r=0.267, P=0.017) and negatively with HDL-C (r=-0.236, P=0.036), T3 was positively with waist circumference (r=0.268,P=0.017). No correlation was observed in FT4 level with HDL-C (r=-0.207, P=0.067) or MoCA score (r=0.216, P=0.055). Mediation analysis revealed that TSH partially mediated the association between TG and MoCA score, with a mediation effect accounting for 29.91% of the total effect. The mediating effect was not significant in the non-MetS group.

Conclusion

Abnormal elevation of TSH may serve as a critical link between MetS and cognitive impairment in SCZ patients, which providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in the patients.

, authors=Liying AI1, Qinghui ZHANG2, Yuhan WANG1, Nanlian WANG2, Keyan XIA2, Hua HU1, authorsList=Liying AI, Qinghui ZHANG, Yuhan WANG, Nanlian WANG, Keyan XIA, Hua HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hua HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954306420342868, articleId=1322954305199800396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=代谢综合征相关认知障碍的潜在机制:促甲状腺激素在精神分裂症患者中的中介效应, columnId=1320435175822050102, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究伴代谢综合征的精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SCZ)患者甲状腺激素水平与认知功能的相关性,以及甲状腺激素水平在代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MetS)相关指标与认知功能间的中介效应。

方法

采用横断面研究,纳入2023年8月至2024年12月在重庆市精神卫生中心门诊和住院的SCZ患者共120例(伴MetS者40例,不伴MetS者80例),及健康对照受试者80例。采集甲功五项(促甲状腺激素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸和游离甲状腺素)、MetS相关指标(血糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及腰围)、阳性和阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale,PANSS)及蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)得分。采用单因素方差分析或Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验对三组间一般指标的差异进行探讨,事后分析采用LSD检验或Bonferroni检验;采用Pearson检验对代谢综合征组甲状腺激素水平与代谢指标、量表得分进行相关性分析。

结果

MetS组的游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4)和MoCA得分低于不伴代谢综合征(non-metabolic syndrome,non-MetS)组(P<0.05),而促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH)和PANSS阴性症状得分高于non-MetS组受试者(P<0.05)。相关性分析发现,MetS组的TSH与甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)(r=0.672,P<0.001)、PANSS阴性症状得分呈正相关关系(r=0.458,P<0.05);TSH与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)(r=-0.377,P=0.017)、MoCA得分呈负相关关系(r=-0.667,P<0.001);FT4与MoCA呈正相关关系(r=0.534,P<0.001)。non-MetS组的TSH与HDL-C呈负相关关系(r=-0.236,P=0.036),TSH与阴性呈正相关关系(r=0.267,P=0.017);T3与腰围呈正相关关系(r=0.268,P=0.017);FT4与HDL-C(r=-0.207,P=0.067)和MoCA无相关性关系(r=0.216,P=0.055)。中介效应分析表明,TSH在TG与MoCA得分之间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的29.91%。在non-MetS组的中介效应不显著。

结论

TSH的异常升高可能是MetS影响SCZ患者认知功能的重要桥梁,为SCZ患者的认知障碍的潜在机制提供了新的见解。

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胡华,E-mail:
HU Hua,E-mail:
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Correlation between triiodothyronine thyroxine thyrotropin and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia[J]. J Pract Med Tech,2023,30(3):175-178., articleTitle=Correlation between triiodothyronine thyroxine thyrotropin and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954313986867386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, doi=10.1038/s41380-019-0545-7, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=26, issue=8, pageStart=4026, pageEnd=4035, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=33, authorNames=SHANG C Y, LIN H Y, GAU S S, journalName=Mol Psychiatry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHANG C Y,LIN H Y,GAU S S. The norepinephrine transporter gene modulates intrinsic brain activity,visual memory,and visual attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J]. Mol Psychiatry,2021,26(8):4026-4035., articleTitle=The norepinephrine transporter gene modulates intrinsic brain activity,visual memory,and visual attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954306680389717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954306688778326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, companyId=1322954306680389717, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Psychiatry,Key Laboratory of Major Brain Diseases and Aging of Ministry of Education,Psychiatric Medical Center,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954306697166935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, companyId=1322954306680389717, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1重庆医科大学附属第一医院:精神科,重大脑疾病与衰老教育部重点实验室,精神医学中心,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322954306755887192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954306772664409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, companyId=1322954306755887192, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chongqing Mental Health Center,Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954306785247322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, companyId=1322954306755887192, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2重庆市精神卫生中心,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954309247303811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Scatter plots of correlations among TSH,FT4 and TG,HDL-C,MoCA,and PANSS negative symptom score, figureFileSmall=J8FJIkj0ylIG8rD2p0u8Dg==, figureFileBig=deHlAXdyQ+52uP6yETKNUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954309322801284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=CN, label=图1, caption=TSH、FT4与TG、HDL-C、MoCA和阴性得分的相关性散点图, figureFileSmall=J8FJIkj0ylIG8rD2p0u8Dg==, figureFileBig=deHlAXdyQ+52uP6yETKNUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954309511544965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Schematic diagram of the mediating effect of TSH on the relationship between TG and MoCA, figureFileSmall=liDKisFmFtRryo/jCxAnyg==, figureFileBig=19ERMTs9SdY7iBYeyM6r1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954309574459526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=CN, label=图2, caption=TSH在TG和MoCA的中介效应分析示意图, figureFileSmall=liDKisFmFtRryo/jCxAnyg==, figureFileBig=19ERMTs9SdY7iBYeyM6r1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954309662539911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Schematic diagram of the mediating effect of TSH on the relationship between TG and MoCA, figureFileSmall=6fzREOsU2lzC2uiaBnCQCw==, figureFileBig=4HZ1yYGfFiKq5zVgOhOGTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954309729648776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=CN, label=图3, caption=TSH在TG和MoCA的中介效应分析示意图, figureFileSmall=6fzREOsU2lzC2uiaBnCQCw==, figureFileBig=4HZ1yYGfFiKq5zVgOhOGTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954309792563337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General characteristics of the 3 groups of participants [x¯±s, n(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FactorsMetS group(n=40)Non-MetS group(n=80)Control group(n=80)χ2/F/HPvalue
Gender4.9120.086
Male36(90.0)58(72.5)60(75.0)
Female4(10.0)22(27.5)20(25.0)
Age/years41.45±8.8241.01±10.8641.61±8.860.0800.923
Ach13(32.5)30(37.5)29(36.3)0.2930.864
Sh9(22.5)21(26.3)19(23.8)0.2430.885
Years of Education/years9.00(9.00,12.00)9.00(7.25,9.00)12.00(10.00,14.00)ab35.157<0.001
Ethnicity-0.524
Han39(97.5)76(95.0)74(92.5)
Ethnic minorities1(2.5)4(5.0)6(7.5)
Marital status5.2690.261
Never married23(57.5)36(45.0)35(43.7)
Married9(22.5)34(42.5)32(40.0)
Divorced/Widowed8(20.0)10(12.5)13(16.3)
BMI/(kg/m2)25.34±2.5923.24±2.79a22.96±2.83a10.708<0.001
TSH3.20(2.49,4.12)2.88(2.09,3.63)2.52(2.11,3.15)a10.3750.006
T31.00(0.94,1.11)0.98(0.89,1.10)1.06(0.90,1.17)3.8010.150
T47.92(6.61,8.93)7.51(6.42,8.77)7.77(7.23,8.99)4.8220.090
FT33.03(2.90,3.24)3.04(2.78,3.32)3.17(2.84,3.49)4.0160.134
FT41.16(1.04,1.26)1.24(1.10,1.33)1.26(1.16,1.34)a9.0670.011
), ArticleFig(id=1322954309863866506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

3组受试者一般资料分析 [x¯±s, 例(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FactorsMetS group(n=40)Non-MetS group(n=80)Control group(n=80)χ2/F/HPvalue
Gender4.9120.086
Male36(90.0)58(72.5)60(75.0)
Female4(10.0)22(27.5)20(25.0)
Age/years41.45±8.8241.01±10.8641.61±8.860.0800.923
Ach13(32.5)30(37.5)29(36.3)0.2930.864
Sh9(22.5)21(26.3)19(23.8)0.2430.885
Years of Education/years9.00(9.00,12.00)9.00(7.25,9.00)12.00(10.00,14.00)ab35.157<0.001
Ethnicity-0.524
Han39(97.5)76(95.0)74(92.5)
Ethnic minorities1(2.5)4(5.0)6(7.5)
Marital status5.2690.261
Never married23(57.5)36(45.0)35(43.7)
Married9(22.5)34(42.5)32(40.0)
Divorced/Widowed8(20.0)10(12.5)13(16.3)
BMI/(kg/m2)25.34±2.5923.24±2.79a22.96±2.83a10.708<0.001
TSH3.20(2.49,4.12)2.88(2.09,3.63)2.52(2.11,3.15)a10.3750.006
T31.00(0.94,1.11)0.98(0.89,1.10)1.06(0.90,1.17)3.8010.150
T47.92(6.61,8.93)7.51(6.42,8.77)7.77(7.23,8.99)4.8220.090
FT33.03(2.90,3.24)3.04(2.78,3.32)3.17(2.84,3.49)4.0160.134
FT41.16(1.04,1.26)1.24(1.10,1.33)1.26(1.16,1.34)a9.0670.011
), ArticleFig(id=1322954309947752587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of MoCA score and PANSS positive and negative symptom scores between the MetS and non-MetS groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsMetS group
(n=40)
Non-MetS group
(n=80)
Z valueP value
MoCA score19.00(18.00,21.00)22.00(19.00,23.00)-3.4690.001
PPSS11.00(9.00,14.00)10.00(9.00,12.00)-1.4530.146
PNSS20.00(14.00,25.00)12.00(9.00,17.00)-4.912<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310023250060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

MetS组和non-MetS组受试者MoCA、阳性、阴性症状的比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsMetS group
(n=40)
Non-MetS group
(n=80)
Z valueP value
MoCA score19.00(18.00,21.00)22.00(19.00,23.00)-3.4690.001
PPSS11.00(9.00,14.00)10.00(9.00,12.00)-1.4530.146
PNSS20.00(14.00,25.00)12.00(9.00,17.00)-4.912<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310086164621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analyses of TSH,T3,T4,FT3,and FT4 with blood glucose,TG,HDL-C,waist circumference (WC),MoCA score,and PANSS positive and negative symptom scores in the MetS group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableTSHT3T4FT3FT4
rPrPrPrPrP
BG-0.2150.183-0.2980.062-0.1450.372-0.1390.3920.1060.514
TG0.672<0.001-0.1710.292-0.1070.5110.0170.915-0.2920.068
HDL-C-0.3770.017-0.1270.4360.2310.152-0.1650.3090.0830.609
WC-0.1270.4340.0230.8880.0320.845-0.0100.952-0.1510.352
MoCA-0.667<0.0010.0010.9940.0630.701-0.2110.1920.534<0.001
PPSS0.1120.4920.1140.483-0.0060.971-0.0130.937-0.0890.584
PNSS0.4580.0030.0020.990-0.1290.4270.2490.121-0.2780.082
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310165856398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

MetS组TSH、T3、T4、FT3、FT4与血糖、TG、HDL-C、腰围、MoCA、阳性、阴性的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableTSHT3T4FT3FT4
rPrPrPrPrP
BG-0.2150.183-0.2980.062-0.1450.372-0.1390.3920.1060.514
TG0.672<0.001-0.1710.292-0.1070.5110.0170.915-0.2920.068
HDL-C-0.3770.017-0.1270.4360.2310.152-0.1650.3090.0830.609
WC-0.1270.4340.0230.8880.0320.845-0.0100.952-0.1510.352
MoCA-0.667<0.0010.0010.9940.0630.701-0.2110.1920.534<0.001
PPSS0.1120.4920.1140.483-0.0060.971-0.0130.937-0.0890.584
PNSS0.4580.0030.0020.990-0.1290.4270.2490.121-0.2780.082
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310262325391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Partial correlation analysis of TSH,T3,T4,FT3,and FT4 with blood glucose,TG,HDL-C,waist circumference (WC),MoCA score,and PANSS positive and negative symptom scores in the non-MetS group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableTSHT3T4FT3FT4
rPrPrPrPrP
BG-0.2170.054-0.0180.8710.0580.609-0.1930.087-0.1320.242
TG-0.0400.7230.0110.920-0.0050.9660.1830.1040.0610.588
HDL-C-0.2620.019-0.1490.1870.0060.960-0.1350.233-0.2250.045
WC0.1790.1130.2630.018-0.0290.796-0.1190.2910.1730.126
MoCA-0.1160.306-0.1170.3000.1990.0770.2000.0750.2230.047
PPSS0.0970.3910.0800.4780.0480.674-0.2050.068-0.2070.065
PNSS0.2360.0350.1860.099-0.1100.331-0.0470.681-0.0520.648
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310333628560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

non-MetS组TSH、T3、T4、FT3、FT4与血糖、TG、HDL-C、腰围、MoCA、阳性、阴性的偏相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableTSHT3T4FT3FT4
rPrPrPrPrP
BG-0.2170.054-0.0180.8710.0580.609-0.1930.087-0.1320.242
TG-0.0400.7230.0110.920-0.0050.9660.1830.1040.0610.588
HDL-C-0.2620.019-0.1490.1870.0060.960-0.1350.233-0.2250.045
WC0.1790.1130.2630.018-0.0290.796-0.1190.2910.1730.126
MoCA-0.1160.306-0.1170.3000.1990.0770.2000.0750.2230.047
PPSS0.0970.3910.0800.4780.0480.674-0.2050.068-0.2070.065
PNSS0.2360.0350.1860.099-0.1100.331-0.0470.681-0.0520.648
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310413320337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mediating role of TSH in the relationship between TG and MoCA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StepDependent variableIndependent variableβSETR²R² change
Step 1MoCATG-1.5180.232-6.545c0.5300.518
Step 2TSHTG0.6230.1125.588c0.4510.437
Step 3MoCATG-1.0640.297-3.580b0.5880.565
TSH-0.7290.320-2.277a
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310488817810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

以TSH为中介时TG和MoCA的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StepDependent variableIndependent variableβSETR²R² change
Step 1MoCATG-1.5180.232-6.545c0.5300.518
Step 2TSHTG0.6230.1125.588c0.4510.437
Step 3MoCATG-1.0640.297-3.580b0.5880.565
TSH-0.7290.320-2.277a
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310564315283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Mediation-effect test for the TG-TSH-MoCA pathway in the MetS group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Effect relationshipEffect sizeBoot SE95% CIEffect ratio
/%
Lower limitUpper limit
Total effect-1.5180.232-1.987-1.048100.00%
Direct effect-1.0640.297-1.665-0.46270.09%
Indirect effect-0.4540.200-0.870-0.07729.91%
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310648201364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

MetS组TG-TSH-MoCA的中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Effect relationshipEffect sizeBoot SE95% CIEffect ratio
/%
Lower limitUpper limit
Total effect-1.5180.232-1.987-1.048100.00%
Direct effect-1.0640.297-1.665-0.46270.09%
Indirect effect-0.4540.200-0.870-0.07729.91%
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310732087445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Mediating role of TSH in the relationship between TG and MoCA in the non-MetS group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StepDependent variableIndependent variableβSETR²R² change
Step 1MoCATG-0.5681.044-0.5440.0040.004
Step 2TSHTG-0.1750.491-0.3560.0020.002
Step 3MoCATG-0.6121.044-0.5860.0180.018
TSH-0.2520.241-1.049
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310828556438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

non-MetS组以TSH为中介时TG和MoCA的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
StepDependent variableIndependent variableβSETR²R² change
Step 1MoCATG-0.5681.044-0.5440.0040.004
Step 2TSHTG-0.1750.491-0.3560.0020.002
Step 3MoCATG-0.6121.044-0.5860.0180.018
TSH-0.2520.241-1.049
), ArticleFig(id=1322954310916636823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954305199800396, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Mediation-effect test for the TG-TSH-MoCA pathway

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Effect relationshipEffect sizeBoot SE95% CIEffect ratio
/%
Lower limitUpper limit
Total effect-0.5681.044-2.6461.510100.00
Direct effect-0.6121.044-2.6901.46793.29
Indirect effect0.0440.197-0.1970.7506.71
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TG-TSH-MoCA的中介效应检验

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Effect relationshipEffect sizeBoot SE95% CIEffect ratio
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Lower limitUpper limit
Total effect-0.5681.044-2.6461.510100.00
Direct effect-0.6121.044-2.6901.46793.29
Indirect effect0.0440.197-0.1970.7506.71
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代谢综合征相关认知障碍的潜在机制:促甲状腺激素在精神分裂症患者中的中介效应
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艾立英 1 , 张庆辉 2 , 王语含 1 , 王南莲 2 , 夏科焱 2 , 胡华 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·临床医学 2025,47(22): 2814-2823
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·临床医学 2025 , 47 (22) : 2814 -2823
代谢综合征相关认知障碍的潜在机制:促甲状腺激素在精神分裂症患者中的中介效应
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艾立英1, 张庆辉2, 王语含1, 王南莲2, 夏科焱2, 胡华1
作者信息
  • 1重庆医科大学附属第一医院:精神科,重大脑疾病与衰老教育部重点实验室,精神医学中心,重庆
  • 2重庆市精神卫生中心,重庆
通讯作者:
胡华,E-mail:
HU Hua,E-mail:
Potential mechanism of metabolic syndrome related cognitive impairment: Mediation effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone in schizophrenia patients
Liying AI1, Qinghui ZHANG2, Yuhan WANG1, Nanlian WANG2, Keyan XIA2, Hua HU1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Psychiatry,Key Laboratory of Major Brain Diseases and Aging of Ministry of Education,Psychiatric Medical Center,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing
  • 2Chongqing Mental Health Center,Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-11-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508082
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目的

探究伴代谢综合征的精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SCZ)患者甲状腺激素水平与认知功能的相关性,以及甲状腺激素水平在代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MetS)相关指标与认知功能间的中介效应。

方法

采用横断面研究,纳入2023年8月至2024年12月在重庆市精神卫生中心门诊和住院的SCZ患者共120例(伴MetS者40例,不伴MetS者80例),及健康对照受试者80例。采集甲功五项(促甲状腺激素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸和游离甲状腺素)、MetS相关指标(血糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及腰围)、阳性和阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale,PANSS)及蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)得分。采用单因素方差分析或Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验对三组间一般指标的差异进行探讨,事后分析采用LSD检验或Bonferroni检验;采用Pearson检验对代谢综合征组甲状腺激素水平与代谢指标、量表得分进行相关性分析。

结果

MetS组的游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4)和MoCA得分低于不伴代谢综合征(non-metabolic syndrome,non-MetS)组(P<0.05),而促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH)和PANSS阴性症状得分高于non-MetS组受试者(P<0.05)。相关性分析发现,MetS组的TSH与甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)(r=0.672,P<0.001)、PANSS阴性症状得分呈正相关关系(r=0.458,P<0.05);TSH与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)(r=-0.377,P=0.017)、MoCA得分呈负相关关系(r=-0.667,P<0.001);FT4与MoCA呈正相关关系(r=0.534,P<0.001)。non-MetS组的TSH与HDL-C呈负相关关系(r=-0.236,P=0.036),TSH与阴性呈正相关关系(r=0.267,P=0.017);T3与腰围呈正相关关系(r=0.268,P=0.017);FT4与HDL-C(r=-0.207,P=0.067)和MoCA无相关性关系(r=0.216,P=0.055)。中介效应分析表明,TSH在TG与MoCA得分之间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的29.91%。在non-MetS组的中介效应不显著。

结论

TSH的异常升高可能是MetS影响SCZ患者认知功能的重要桥梁,为SCZ患者的认知障碍的潜在机制提供了新的见解。

精神分裂症  /  代谢综合征  /  甲状腺激素  /  中介效应  /  认知症状
Objective

To investigate the correlation between thyroid hormone levels and cognitive function in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as the mediating role of thyroid hormones in the relationship between MetS-related indicators and cognitive function.

Methods

A cross-sectional trial was conducted on 120 SCZ inpatients and outpatients (40 cases of MetS and 80 cases of non-MetS) and 80 healthy controls admitted in the Chongqing Mental Health Center from August 2023 to December 2024. Thyroid function indicators [Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4)], MetS-related parameters [blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and waist circumference], Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were collected. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was applied to analyze the differences among the 3 groups, and LSD test or Bonferroni correction was performed for post hoc analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and metabolic parameters as well as cognitive/clinical scale scores (MoCA, PANSS) in the MetS group.

Results

The MetS group exhibited significantly lower FT4 level (P<0.05) and MoCA score (P=0.001), but higher TSH level (P<0.05) and PANSS negative symptom score (P<0.001) when compared to the non-MetS group. Correlation analysis indicated that in the MetS group, TSH level was positively correlated with TG (r=0.672, P<0.001) and PANSS negative symptom score (r=0.458, P<0.05), and negatively with HDL-C (r=-0.377, P=0.017) and MoCA score (r=-0.667, P<0.001); FT4 level was positively correlated with MoCA score (r=0.534, P<0.001). In the non-MetS group, TSH level was positively correlated with PANSS negative symptom score (r=0.267, P=0.017) and negatively with HDL-C (r=-0.236, P=0.036), T3 was positively with waist circumference (r=0.268,P=0.017). No correlation was observed in FT4 level with HDL-C (r=-0.207, P=0.067) or MoCA score (r=0.216, P=0.055). Mediation analysis revealed that TSH partially mediated the association between TG and MoCA score, with a mediation effect accounting for 29.91% of the total effect. The mediating effect was not significant in the non-MetS group.

Conclusion

Abnormal elevation of TSH may serve as a critical link between MetS and cognitive impairment in SCZ patients, which providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in the patients.

schizophrenia  /  metabolic syndrome  /  thyroid hormones  /  mediating effect  /  cognitive symptoms
艾立英, 张庆辉, 王语含, 王南莲, 夏科焱, 胡华. 代谢综合征相关认知障碍的潜在机制:促甲状腺激素在精神分裂症患者中的中介效应. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (22) : 2814 -2823 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508082
Liying AI, Qinghui ZHANG, Yuhan WANG, Nanlian WANG, Keyan XIA, Hua HU. Potential mechanism of metabolic syndrome related cognitive impairment: Mediation effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone in schizophrenia patients[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (22) : 2814 -2823 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508082
精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SCZ)是一种复杂的慢性精神疾病,其核心症状包括阳性症状(如幻觉、妄想)、阴性症状(如情感淡漠、社交退缩)以及广泛的认知功能障碍(如记忆力、注意力和执行功能受损)[1-2]。其中,认知功能障碍与患者的功能结局、生活质量和社会适应能力密切相关[3]。尤其是在执行功能、工作记忆和信息处理速度方面,几乎所有SCZ患者均存在不同程 度的损害[4]。目前,尽管抗精神病药物在缓解阳性症状方面取得了一定成效,但对认知功能障碍的改善效果有限[5]。因此,探索认知功能障碍的潜在机制和干预靶点成为SCZ研究的重要方向。
研究发现,SCZ患者常伴有代谢异常,如肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常和代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MetS)[6]。SCZ患者中MetS的患病率约30%,远高于普通人群(约20%),这可能与疾病本身的病理生理机制、抗精神病药物的副作用以及不良生活方式有关[7]。这些代谢问题不仅增加了心血管疾病的风险,还可能通过多种机制(如炎症反应、氧化应激和神经内分泌失调)进一步加重认知功能障碍[8-9]。例如,高水平的炎症因子可能通过血脑屏障影响海马和前额叶皮质的神经元功能,导致认知能力下降[8]。胰岛素抵抗可能通过影响大脑葡萄糖代谢和神经元功能,导致认知功能下降[10]。此外,抗精神病药物(尤其是第二代抗精神病药物)也被认为是导致代谢异常的重要因素之一[11]。而甲状腺激素在中枢神经系统的发育和功能中起重要作用,包括促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(triiodothyronine,T3)、甲状腺素(thyroxine,T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)和游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4)[12]。甲状腺激素通过调控脑源性神经营养因子的表达、促进神经元髓鞘形成以及调节多巴胺能和谷氨酸能神经递质系统,影响个体的认知功能[13]。其次,甲状腺激素还能够通过调节神经元的生长、分化和突触可塑性,影响认知功能[13]。近期一项大规模的横断面研究也支持甲状腺激素功能异常和慢性SCZ患者认知障碍紧密相关[14]。其中以甲状腺功能减退的患者为甚,其执行功能、记忆力和信息处理速度的损害十分明显。而在补充甲状腺激素的治疗之后,上述认知缺陷均得到改善[13]。既往研究还发现SCZ患者甲状腺功能异常的发生率较高,可能与疾病本身、药物及非药物因素所致的代谢异常相关[15]。究其原因,代谢异常可能通过调节下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的功能,导致甲状腺激素水平异常[16]。例如,肥胖相关的瘦素抵抗可能干扰TSH分泌,而较高的甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)水平可能抑制T4向具有活性的T3发生转化[17]。若甲状腺激素不足可能导致个体代谢率降低和胰岛素抵抗的发生,后者可通过影响大脑葡萄糖代谢和神经元功能,进一步加重认知功能障碍[18-20]。虽然普通人群的甲状腺激素与认知的关系证据充分[21],但关于伴有MetS的SCZ患者的甲状腺激素水平与认知功能之间关系的研究较少,甲状腺激素在二者之间扮演的角色及功能定位尚未明确。故本研究旨在探讨伴有MetS的SCZ患者血清甲状腺激素水平在MetS相关指标与认知功能的中介作用,探讨MetS影响患者认知症状的机制,以期为改善SCZ患者的认知功能提供新的视角。
本研究为横断面研究,纳入2023年8月至2024年12月在重庆市精神卫生中心门诊和住院的使用抗精神病药物治疗且病情稳定时间≥6个月的SCZ患者。纳入标准:①符合《国际疾病与相关健康问题统计分类第十版》(International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,ICD-10)关于SCZ诊断标准,且使用抗精神病药物治疗≥6个月;②年龄为18~60岁,性别不限;③能够配合入组前的身体检查,理解并配合量表测评、抽取静脉血、代谢指标测量等;④自愿参加该项目,并签署知情同意书。排除标准:①意识不清、智能障碍或伴有明显失语者;②患有脑器质性疾病或严重躯体疾病者,3个月内经历较大手术者;③SCZ急性期,严重兴奋、躁动,不能配合研究者;④患甲状腺相关疾病者;⑤同时患其它严重精神疾病者,包括但不限于持续伴精神病性症状的抑郁发作,双相情感障碍,急性应激障碍及SCZ后抑郁等;⑥正在接受可能影响代谢参数、甲状腺激素水平变化的药物治疗或研究的患者。纳入120例SCZ患者,其中MetS组40例、non-MetS组80例。
选取2023年8月至2024年12月重庆市精神卫生中心门诊健康查体者作为对照组。纳入标准:①不符合ICD-10中任何精神障碍的诊断标准;②年龄18~60岁,性别不限;③能够配合入组前的身体检查,理解并配合量表测评、抽取静脉血、代谢指标测量等。排除标准同SCZ受试者。纳入80例。
本研究获得重庆市精神卫生中心伦理委员会批准 [(2023伦审医字第(006)号],且通过了中国临床试验注册中心的注册审核(ChiCTR2400088190)。受试者和监护人均知晓并签署知情同意书。
研究对象由2位精神科主治医师(或以上职称)明确诊断,由经过专门培训的精神科医师,向受试者讲解参与研究的流程、目的和意义,收集性别、年龄、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、民族、婚姻、文化程度等一般资料。
SCZ受试者参考2020年中国2型糖尿病防治指南MetS诊断标准进行分组[22]:符合以下3条及以上者纳入MetS组(n=40),均不符合者纳入non-MetS组(n=80)。①腹型肥胖:男性腰围≥90 cm,女性腰围≥85 cm;②高血糖:空腹血糖≥6.1 mmol/L或糖负荷后2 h血糖≥7.8 mmol/L和(或)已确诊为糖尿病并治疗者;③高血压:血压≥130/85 mmHg和(或)已确认为高血压并治疗者;④空腹TG≥1.70 mmol/L;⑤空腹高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)<1.04 mmol/L。
研究对象入组后即测量腰围及血压,血压异常者于抽血当日重复测量,取中间值。次日由专人于晨间空腹抽取外周静脉血 10 mL,置于促凝管内静置0.5 h,3 500 r/min离心10 min,提取血清。采用比色酶法测定测定TG、HDL-C、血糖(glucose ,GLU)。
次日由专人于晨间空腹抽取外周静脉血 10 mL,置于促凝管内静置0.5 h,3 500 r/min离心10 min,提取血清。采用免疫化学发光法检测甲状腺功能指标,包括TSH、T3、T4、FT3及 FT4水平。
由经过培训的专业精神科医师在取血当天采用阳性和阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale,PANSS)对研究对象的临床症状进行评定,该量表[5]共包括阳性(7项)、阴性(7项)及一般精神病理量表(16项)3个分量表,每个条目均为7级评分,从1到7,总分≥60分,得分越高则症状越严重。本研究获取其中阳性症状评分和阴性症状评分的结果;采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)对研究对象的认知功能进行评定,该量表包括命令、注意、定向、执行功能等7个分项。总分≥26分则判定为认知正常,<26分则认为存在认知损伤。
采用 SPSS 26.0软件进行数据整理和分析。计量资料若符合正态分布,采用x¯±s表示,多组组间比较采用单因素方差分析,事后两两比较采用LSD检验。若不符合正态分布,采用M(P25,P75)表示,两组组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;多组组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验,事后两两比较采用Bonferroni检验。计数资料采用例(%)表示,组间比较采用卡方检验或Fisher’s精确检验。分别采用Pearson相关分析和偏相关分析进行相关性分析。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。在将年龄、性别和受教育年等变量纳入协变量的基础上,采用SPSS 26.0平台搭载的PROCESS V4.0插件模型4,对所有样本进行了5 000次Bootstrap分析,以构建TG在因变量MoCA与自变量TSH间的中介效应模型。首先,将TSH定义为自变量(X),将MoCA评分定义为结局变量 (Y)。中介效应的判定遵循以下标准,①间接效应显著性:检验X通过TG影响Y的间接效应(a×b)。若其Bootstrap 95% CI不包含0,则表明中介效应存在;②直接效应显著性及中介类型:检验X对Y的直接效应(c')。若直接效应的95% CI不包含0,则表明直接效应显著,为部分中介;若直接效应的95% CI包含0,则表明直接效应不显著,为完全中介。
经单因素方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验、χ2检验和Fisher’s精确检验发现,3组受试者性别、年龄、饮酒史、吸烟史、民族、婚姻、T3、T4和FT3的比较,差异均无统计学意义。两两比较发现,MetS组和non-MetS组受试者的受教育年限低于对照组受试者(P<0.05),而MetS组和non-MetS组受试者的受教育年限比较,差异无统计学意义;MetS组受试者的BMI高于non-MetS组和对照组受试者(P<0.05),non-MetS组和对照组受试者的BMI比较,差异无统计学意义;MetS组受试者的TSH高于对照组受试者(P<0.05),其余各组受试者的TSH比较,差异均无统计学意义;MetS组受试者的FT4低于对照组受试者(P<0.05),其余各组受试者的FT4比较,差异均无统计学意义,见表1。
经Mann-Whitney U检验发现,MetS组和non-MetS组受试者的阳性症状的差异无统计学意义。MetS组受试者的MoCA低于non-MetS组受试者(P=0.001);MetS组受试者的阴性症状得分高于non-MetS组受试者(P<0.001),见表2。
Pearson相关性分析显示,T3、T4、FT3分别与血糖、TG、HDL-C、腰围、MoCA、阳性、阴性得分均无相关关系(P>0.05)。TSH与血糖、腰围、阳性得分无相关关系(P>0.05);TSH与TG(r=0.672,P<0.001)、阴性得分呈正相关关系(r=0.458,P=0.003);TSH与HDL-C(r=-0.377,P=0.017)、MoCA呈负相关关系(r=-0.667,P<0.001)。FT4与血糖、TG、HDL-C、腰围、阳性、阴性均无相关关系(P>0.05)。FT4与MoCA呈正相关关系(r=0.534,P<0.001),见表3和图1。
以年龄、性别和受教育年为协变量,纳入表3有差异指标进行偏相关分析。结果发现,TSH与TG(r=0.655,P<0.001)、阴性得分(r=0.427,P=0.007)呈正相关关系,TSH与HDL-C(r=-0.374,P=0.019)、MoCA(r=-0.651,P<0.001)呈负相关关系;FT4与MoCA呈正相关关系(r=0.523,P=0.001)。
经Pearson相关性分析发现,T4、FT3分别与血糖、TG、HDL-C、腰围、MoCA、阳性、阴性均无相关关系(P>0.05)。TSH与血糖、TG、腰围、MoCA、阳性无相关关系(P>0.05);TSH与阴性得分呈正相关关系(r=0.236,P=0.035);TSH与HDL-C呈负相关关系(r=-0.262,P=0.019)。T3与血糖、TG、HDL-C、MoCA、阳性、阴性无相关关系;T3与腰围呈正相关关系(r=0.263,P=0.018)。FT4与血糖、TG、腰围、阳性、阴性均无相关关系。FT4与HDL-C呈负相关关系(r=-0.225,P=0.045);FT4与MoCA呈正相关关系(r=0.223,P=0.0047),见表4。
以年龄、性别和受教育年为协变量,纳入表4有差异指标进行偏相关分析,结果发现,TSH与HDL-C呈负相关关系(r=-0.236,P=0.036),TSH与阴性呈正相关关系(r=0.267,P=0.017);T3与腰围呈正相关关系(r=0.268,P=0.017);FT4与HDL-C(r=-0.207,P=0.067)和MoCA无相关性关系(r=0.216,P=0.055)。
以MoCA作为因变量,TG作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果发现TG对MoCA有负向显著影响(β=-1.518,P<0.001)。然后以TSH作为因变量,TG作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果发现TG对TSH有正向显著影响(β=0.623,P<0.001)。最后以MoCA作为因变量,TG和TSH作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果发现TG和TSH对MoCA均有负向显著影响(β=-1.064,P=0.001;β=-0.729,P=0.029),见表5和图2。
进一步采用SPSS程序的Process插件模型4对间接效应路径“TG-TSH-MoCA”进行中介效应,发现该路径的间接效应值不包括0,中介效应显著。间接效应占总效应的比率为29.91%,见表6。
以MoCA作为因变量,TG作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果发现TG对MoCA无显著影响(β=-0.568,P=0.588)。然后以TSH作为因变量,TG作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果发现TG对TSH无显著影响(β=-0.175,P=0.723)。最后以MoCA作为因变量,TG和TSH作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果发现TG和TSH对MoCA均无显著影响(β=-0.612,P=0.560;β=-0.252,P=0.298),见表7和图3。
进一步采用SPSS程序的Process插件模型4对间接效应路径“TG-TSH-MoCA”进行中介效应检验,发现该路径的间接效应值包括0,中介效应不显著。间接效应占总效应的比率为6.71%,见表8。
本研究探讨了伴MetS的SCZ患者血清甲状腺激素水平与认知功能的关系,并分析了甲状腺激素在MetS与认知功能之间的中介作用。研究结果可能为进一步理解伴有MetS的SCZ患者认知损害的机制并制定有关的干预措施提供参考。
本研究结果显示,MetS组的TSH水平显著高于non-MetS组和对照组,而FT4水平则显著降低,这与既往研究结果一致[15,23]。研究结果同样也支持了代谢异常可能通过干扰下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴扰乱甲状腺功能的假说。此外,本研究还发现MetS组的TSH水平与认知功能(MoCA得分)呈显著负相关[15],FT4水平与认知功能呈显著正相关,提示甲状腺功能异常可能在SCZ患者的认知功能障碍中扮演重要角色。
MetS在增加SCZ患者代谢风险的同时,还通过多种机制加重了认知功能障碍[24-27]。本研究发现TSH在SCZ患者的TG和认知功能之间起部分中介作用,即SCZ患者的高水平TG可能间接通过抬高TSH水平来影响认知功能。既往研究发现,TSH升高可能导致个体甲状腺激素可利用性降低,影响前额叶皮质和海马的神经元功能[14,18]。同时,TSH升高可能加剧神经炎症反应,促进下游小胶质细胞的活化,损害神经元突触可塑性[28]。此外,MetS相关的胰岛素抵抗假说也支持血脂代谢的异常将会干扰甲状腺激素的正常转运和代谢,加重认知损害[29]。上述研究为甲状腺功能的异常在SCZ患者的血脂代谢异常及认知功能间的起到重要作用提供依据。
以往的研究多关注MetS或甲状腺功能异常对认知功能的独立影响,而忽略了二者之间的潜在联系。本研究结果表明,甲状腺激素水平的变化可能是MetS影响SCZ患者认知功能的重要桥梁,与AZAD等[30]提出的甲状腺激素在中枢神经系统中的关键作用的结论基本相符。本研究还发现,虽然控制了年龄等因素,non-MetS组中的FT4水平与认知功能仍呈现显著的正相关关系(r=0.216,P=0.047),但其关联强度远低于MetS组(r=0.523,P<0.001)。但中介效应仅在MetS组中存在,这提示MetS的存在可能强化了SCZ患者这一关联的强度,伴MetS的SCZ患者可能在甲状腺激素与认知功能之间拥有不同于不伴MetS的SCZ的病理生理机制。
本研究发现MetS组的阴性症状评分显著高于non-MetS组,且与TSH水平呈正相关[15],这一结果与国内独立研究一致[31],表明代谢异常可能通过内分泌途径影响患者的精神症状,表明严重的代谢异常可能通过内分泌途径加剧患者的阴性症状。值得注意的是,这种关联模式在两组间存在差异。相比non-MetS组,MetS组往往受到阴性症状的困扰更为严重,其甲状腺功能减退与认知功能损害和阴性症状严重程度显著相关[21]。虽然在non-MetS组中也观察到了TSH与阴性症状得分的正相关关系,但其关联强度低于MetS组。这一现象可能指向两组存在不同的病理生理机制。在MetS组中,代谢紊乱与下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的交互作用可能更为剧烈,神经递质系统失调,进而影响动机、情感表达等阴性症状域[13,32]。在个体经历甲状腺激素替代治疗后,多巴胺代谢产物水平及阴性症状均得到改善[21],同样说明甲状腺激素同阴性症状存在关联。而在non-MetS组中,甲状腺功能与阴性症状的关联可能更多地与疾病本身的内源性病理过程或药物治疗史相关,其关联强度较弱。
总之,伴有MetS的SCZ患者的甲状腺激素水平的变化可能对阴性症状及认知功能障碍的产生重要影响。临床上,应重视SCZ患者的代谢管理和甲状腺功能的监测。此外,调节伴有MetS的SCZ患者甲状腺功能可能成为改善SCZ患者认知功能的有效策略。
然而,本研究也存在一定的局限性。首先,本研究系单中心研究,可能对结果的普适性造成一定影响。其次,本研究采用横断面设计,无法确定因果关系。未来的研究应采用纵向设计,以探讨甲状腺激素水平变化与认知功能之间是否存在因果联系。最后,认知功能的评估仅使用了MoCA量表,未来可结合更全面的神经心理学测试,以更准确地评估认知功能的多维度表现。
综上所述,本研究发现non-MetS组患者的血清甲状腺激素水平与认知功能显著相关,且TSH在MetS组的TG与认知功能评分之间起部分中介作用。这一发现为我们理解伴有MetS的SCZ患者的认知功能障碍提供依据,并提示调节甲状腺功能可能成为改善患者认知功能的潜在干预靶点。未来的研究可进一步验证这些发现,并探索针对甲状腺功能的干预措施在临床实践中的应用价值。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508082
  • 接收时间:2025-08-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-11-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-27
  • 修回日期:2025-10-29
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    1重庆医科大学附属第一医院:精神科,重大脑疾病与衰老教育部重点实验室,精神医学中心,重庆
    2重庆市精神卫生中心,重庆

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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