Article(id=1322954420593492942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954356680696647, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508047, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755446400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-18, revisedDate=1759939200000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346513174, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1761753600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346513174, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346513174, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346513174, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954356680696647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='20', pageStart='2445', pageEnd='2580', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761753600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346497936, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346497936, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2532, endPage=2539, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954420807402447, articleId=1322954420593492942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Analysis of the core and bridge effects of interpersonal, relaxation and medication efficacy in self-management of rheumatoid arthritis patients, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the networked association among the dimensions of self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify core efficacy and bridge efficacy, and provide a basis for formulating precise nursing intervention strategies.

Methods

A total of 652 RA patients admitted in our hospital from September 2024 to January 2025 were enrolled with convenience sampling. The general information questionnaire and Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (RASE) were used for assessment. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract efficacy symptom clusters. With aid of R project, network analysis was employed to construct an association network among efficacy dimensions to calculate centrality indicators (strength, closeness, betweenness) to identify core efficacy and bridge efficacy.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis extracted 7 efficacy symptom clusters, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.539% (P<0.001). Network analysis showed that the network density was 0.143, suggesting that there were moderate correlations among the self-efficacy dimensions. “Relaxation efficacy 1 (r1)” and “pain efficacy 1 (a1)” had the strongest correlation (r=0.73). Interpersonal efficacy 2 (i2) had the highest intensity centrality (6.88), and relaxation efficacy 3 (r3) had the highest tightness (0.0125), and medication efficacy 1 (m1) had the highest mediation (116), which were the core efficacy and bridge efficacy in this network group.

Conclusion

There are complex network-like correlations among the various dimensions of self-efficacy in RA patients. Interpersonal efficacy is the core driving factor, while relaxation and medication efficacies play the bridging role, jointly influencing the overall level of patients’ self-management ability.

, authors=Yao DENG1, Sha ZHANG2, Xiaorun XIANG3, Ping WAN1, Qi REN1, Lei LIU4, authorsList=Yao DENG, Sha ZHANG, Xiaorun XIANG, Ping WAN, Qi REN, Lei LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lei LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954423353344984, articleId=1322954420593492942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=人际、放松与药物效能在类风湿关节炎患者自我管理中的核心及桥梁效应分析, columnId=1320435175822050102, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨类风湿关节炎患者自我效能感各维度间的网络化关联特征,识别核心效能及桥梁效能,为制定精准护理干预策略提供依据。

方法

采用便利抽样法选取2024年9月至2025年1月就诊于陆军军医大学第一附属医院中医与风湿免疫科的652例类风湿关节炎患者,使用一般资料调查表和类风湿关节炎自我效能感量表(Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale,RASE)进行评估。通过探索性因子分析提取效能症状群,运用R语言软件,选择症状网络分析方法构建效能维度间的关联网络,计算中心性指标(强度、紧密度、中介度)以识别核心及桥梁效能。

结果

探索性因子分析提取7个效能症状群,累积方差贡献率64.539%(P<0.001)。网络分析显示,网络密度为0.143,提示各效能维度间存在中等关联性,“放松效能1(r1)”和“疼痛效能1(a1)”相关性最强(r=0.73)。“人际效能2(i2)”的强度中心性(6.88)最高,“放松效能3(r3)”的紧密度(0.0125)和“药物效能1(m1)”的中介度(116)最高,是该网络群中的核心效能和桥梁效能。

结论

类风湿关节炎患者自我效能感各维度间存在复杂的网络化关联,人际效能是核心驱动因素,放松与药物效能发挥桥梁作用,共同影响患者整体自我管理能力水平。

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刘 蕾,E-mail:
LIU Lei,E-mail:
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Ann Behav Med,2022,56(10):1068-1081., articleTitle=Effects of mindfulness Yoga versus conventional physical exercises on symptom experiences and health-related quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease:the potential mediating roles of anxiety and depression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954434136899637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, doi=10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.12.014, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=12, pageStart=1819, pageEnd=1824, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=29, authorNames=袁艳青, 马莉, 刘慧娟, journalName=中国健康心理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=袁艳青,马莉,刘慧娟,等. 渐进性肌肉放松训练结合疼痛管理对下肢骨折患者疼痛、心理状态和康复效果的影响[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志,2021,29(12):1819-1824., articleTitle=渐进性肌肉放松训练结合疼痛管理对下肢骨折患者疼痛、心理状态和康复效果的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954434212397110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, doi=10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.12.014, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=12, pageStart=1819, pageEnd=1824, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=30, authorNames=YUAN Y Q, MA L, LIU H J, journalName=China J Health Psychol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUAN Y Q,MA L,LIU H J,et al. 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Int J Nurs Stud,2022,134:104314., articleTitle=Effects of a nurse-led medication self-management intervention on medication adherence and health outcomes in older people with multimorbidity:a randomised controlled trial, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954423818912729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954423827301338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, companyId=1322954423818912729, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954423835689947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, 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self-efficacy symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, figureFileSmall=KUWXr7nLIe6VyOouSbv+lA==, figureFileBig=Nik/soRuzlPvp2LdiPjNZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954428508143629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, language=CN, label=图1, caption=RA患者自我效能感症状网络图, figureFileSmall=KUWXr7nLIe6VyOouSbv+lA==, figureFileBig=Nik/soRuzlPvp2LdiPjNZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954428713664526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Centrality indicators of self-efficacy network in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, figureFileSmall=sB4oPxJI3kPl8e4U1HXG9w==, figureFileBig=BPXHVqsjA8a0egfksdI6WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954428776579087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, language=CN, label=图2, caption=RA患者自我效能感网络中心性指标, figureFileSmall=sB4oPxJI3kPl8e4U1HXG9w==, figureFileBig=BPXHVqsjA8a0egfksdI6WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954428843687952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Accuracy test of edge weights of self-efficacy network in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, figureFileSmall=dX4sRNbK4PmPaigC+nta/g==, figureFileBig=bEyUoAsXrpsmkW1bJIwAUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954428919185425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, language=CN, label=图3, caption=RA患者自我效能感网络边缘权重精确性检验, figureFileSmall=dX4sRNbK4PmPaigC+nta/g==, figureFileBig=bEyUoAsXrpsmkW1bJIwAUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954428977905682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Test of stability of edge weights in the self-efficacy network of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, figureFileSmall=cspj0zlg7oPeGfnLtM04sw==, figureFileBig=uSBLyJkdsrRHAPS1sHcXgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954429057597459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, language=CN, label=图4, caption=RA患者自我效能感网络边缘权重稳定性检验, figureFileSmall=cspj0zlg7oPeGfnLtM04sw==, figureFileBig=uSBLyJkdsrRHAPS1sHcXgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954429120512020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General data of the participants [n= 652,n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemsn (%)
Gender
Male129(19.79)
Female523(80.21)
Marital status
Unmarried15(2.30)
Married597(91.56)
Divorced15(2.30)
Widowed25(3.83)
Education level
Primary school or below256(39.26)
Middle school216(33.13)
High/vocational school104(15.95)
Junior college47(7.21)
Bachelor’s degree or above29(4.45)
Work situation
In-service145(22.24)
Unemployment21(3.22)
Retirement155(23.77)
Unemployed331(50.77)
Medical payment methods
Employee medical insurance274(42.02)
Resident medical insurance360(55.21)
Self-funded18(2.76)
Family per capita monthly income/Yuan
≤1 999320(49.08)
2 000~2 999156(23.93)
3 000~4 999122(18.71)
≥5 00054(8.28)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954429191815189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象一般资料 [n=652,例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Itemsn (%)
Gender
Male129(19.79)
Female523(80.21)
Marital status
Unmarried15(2.30)
Married597(91.56)
Divorced15(2.30)
Widowed25(3.83)
Education level
Primary school or below256(39.26)
Middle school216(33.13)
High/vocational school104(15.95)
Junior college47(7.21)
Bachelor’s degree or above29(4.45)
Work situation
In-service145(22.24)
Unemployment21(3.22)
Retirement155(23.77)
Unemployed331(50.77)
Medical payment methods
Employee medical insurance274(42.02)
Resident medical insurance360(55.21)
Self-funded18(2.76)
Family per capita monthly income/Yuan
≤1 999320(49.08)
2 000~2 999156(23.93)
3 000~4 999122(18.71)
≥5 00054(8.28)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954429275701270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Scores of self-efficacy and extracted efficacy symptom clusters in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients [n=652,M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsScoreFactor loading
Factor 1Factor 2Factor 3Factor 4Factor 5Factor 6Factor 7
s23(3,4)0.7060.220-0.069-0.1440.0730.0870.206
r23(2,4)0.6900.2300.2670.1880.125-0.0540.034
f33(2,4)0.6770.1630.3100.2390.1120.0490.029
s13(3,3)0.6640.3230.075-0.0150.1640.0840.048
i33(2,4)0.6370.2270.5040.202-0.020-0.042-0.265
s33(3,4)0.6260.3070.0500.1110.0750.0340.153
i23(2,4)0.6220.2370.5010.1950.021-0.026-0.228
r43(3,4)0.6050.229-0.0430.2400.113-0.0210.180
i43(2,4)0.5910.2260.5240.2460.012-0.025-0.219
a13(2,4)0.3360.7680.2230.0910.054-0.004-0.028
r13(2,4)0.2820.7360.2450.1580.0400.027-0.023
a23(2,4)0.3310.7250.134-0.0010.0690.0010.112
a33(2,4)0.3220.7090.2060.0950.095-0.0660.079
a43(2,4)0.1920.6380.2010.1840.099-0.1120.113
i13(3,4)0.1700.1180.714-0.0380.040-0.0190.294
e13(3,3)0.0530.2350.6810.1920.0710.0800.004
l23(3,3)0.0390.2410.5930.0460.2190.1450.117
f13(3,3)0.2900.2020.3760.1020.0190.0670.191
e33(2,3)0.1430.1350.1580.8030.0980.048-0.050
e23(2,3)0.2580.1580.0930.7740.0840.1580.070
l33(3,3)0.1060.0380.1090.0190.849-0.0960.054
l43(3,3)0.1460.1160.0850.1470.8290.114-0.044
r33(2,3)0.3500.3680.0790.1360.4120.0360.055
m24(4,4)0.078-0.0980.0760.0730.0570.8470.057
m34(4,4)-0.010-0.0490.0080.022-0.0940.807-0.120
m14(4,4)0.0220.1530.1650.3860.1860.5050.244
f24(3,4)0.0940.0550.008-0.0050.0470.0200.782
l14(3,4)0.0800.0850.2370.050-0.029-0.0210.761
Characteristic root9.2152.0351.7551.4911.3971.1351.044
Cumulative variance
contribution rate /%
32.90940.17746.44551.7756.75960.81264.539
), ArticleFig(id=1322954429355393047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954420593492942, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

RA患者自我效能感得分和效能症状群提取结果 [n=652,M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ItemsScoreFactor loading
Factor 1Factor 2Factor 3Factor 4Factor 5Factor 6Factor 7
s23(3,4)0.7060.220-0.069-0.1440.0730.0870.206
r23(2,4)0.6900.2300.2670.1880.125-0.0540.034
f33(2,4)0.6770.1630.3100.2390.1120.0490.029
s13(3,3)0.6640.3230.075-0.0150.1640.0840.048
i33(2,4)0.6370.2270.5040.202-0.020-0.042-0.265
s33(3,4)0.6260.3070.0500.1110.0750.0340.153
i23(2,4)0.6220.2370.5010.1950.021-0.026-0.228
r43(3,4)0.6050.229-0.0430.2400.113-0.0210.180
i43(2,4)0.5910.2260.5240.2460.012-0.025-0.219
a13(2,4)0.3360.7680.2230.0910.054-0.004-0.028
r13(2,4)0.2820.7360.2450.1580.0400.027-0.023
a23(2,4)0.3310.7250.134-0.0010.0690.0010.112
a33(2,4)0.3220.7090.2060.0950.095-0.0660.079
a43(2,4)0.1920.6380.2010.1840.099-0.1120.113
i13(3,4)0.1700.1180.714-0.0380.040-0.0190.294
e13(3,3)0.0530.2350.6810.1920.0710.0800.004
l23(3,3)0.0390.2410.5930.0460.2190.1450.117
f13(3,3)0.2900.2020.3760.1020.0190.0670.191
e33(2,3)0.1430.1350.1580.8030.0980.048-0.050
e23(2,3)0.2580.1580.0930.7740.0840.1580.070
l33(3,3)0.1060.0380.1090.0190.849-0.0960.054
l43(3,3)0.1460.1160.0850.1470.8290.114-0.044
r33(2,3)0.3500.3680.0790.1360.4120.0360.055
m24(4,4)0.078-0.0980.0760.0730.0570.8470.057
m34(4,4)-0.010-0.0490.0080.022-0.0940.807-0.120
m14(4,4)0.0220.1530.1650.3860.1860.5050.244
f24(3,4)0.0940.0550.008-0.0050.0470.0200.782
l14(3,4)0.0800.0850.2370.050-0.029-0.0210.761
Characteristic root9.2152.0351.7551.4911.3971.1351.044
Cumulative variance
contribution rate /%
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人际、放松与药物效能在类风湿关节炎患者自我管理中的核心及桥梁效应分析
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邓瑶 1 , 张沙 2 , 向小润 3 , 万萍 1 , 任琦 1 , 刘蕾 4
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·临床医学 2025,47(20): 2532-2539
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·临床医学 2025 , 47 (20) : 2532 -2539
人际、放松与药物效能在类风湿关节炎患者自我管理中的核心及桥梁效应分析
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邓瑶1, 张沙2, 向小润3, 万萍1, 任琦1, 刘蕾4
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院:中医与风湿免疫科,重庆,
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院:胸外科,重庆,
  • 3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院: 心脏外科,重庆,
  • 4陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院:院办,重庆,
通讯作者:
刘 蕾,E-mail:
LIU Lei,E-mail:
Analysis of the core and bridge effects of interpersonal, relaxation and medication efficacy in self-management of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Yao DENG1, Sha ZHANG2, Xiaorun XIANG3, Ping WAN1, Qi REN1, Lei LIU4
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
  • 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
  • 3Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
  • 4Hospital Administration Office,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-10-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508047
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目的

探讨类风湿关节炎患者自我效能感各维度间的网络化关联特征,识别核心效能及桥梁效能,为制定精准护理干预策略提供依据。

方法

采用便利抽样法选取2024年9月至2025年1月就诊于陆军军医大学第一附属医院中医与风湿免疫科的652例类风湿关节炎患者,使用一般资料调查表和类风湿关节炎自我效能感量表(Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale,RASE)进行评估。通过探索性因子分析提取效能症状群,运用R语言软件,选择症状网络分析方法构建效能维度间的关联网络,计算中心性指标(强度、紧密度、中介度)以识别核心及桥梁效能。

结果

探索性因子分析提取7个效能症状群,累积方差贡献率64.539%(P<0.001)。网络分析显示,网络密度为0.143,提示各效能维度间存在中等关联性,“放松效能1(r1)”和“疼痛效能1(a1)”相关性最强(r=0.73)。“人际效能2(i2)”的强度中心性(6.88)最高,“放松效能3(r3)”的紧密度(0.0125)和“药物效能1(m1)”的中介度(116)最高,是该网络群中的核心效能和桥梁效能。

结论

类风湿关节炎患者自我效能感各维度间存在复杂的网络化关联,人际效能是核心驱动因素,放松与药物效能发挥桥梁作用,共同影响患者整体自我管理能力水平。

类风湿关节炎  /  自我效能  /  核心症状  /  桥梁症状  /  网络分析
Objective

To explore the networked association among the dimensions of self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify core efficacy and bridge efficacy, and provide a basis for formulating precise nursing intervention strategies.

Methods

A total of 652 RA patients admitted in our hospital from September 2024 to January 2025 were enrolled with convenience sampling. The general information questionnaire and Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (RASE) were used for assessment. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract efficacy symptom clusters. With aid of R project, network analysis was employed to construct an association network among efficacy dimensions to calculate centrality indicators (strength, closeness, betweenness) to identify core efficacy and bridge efficacy.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis extracted 7 efficacy symptom clusters, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.539% (P<0.001). Network analysis showed that the network density was 0.143, suggesting that there were moderate correlations among the self-efficacy dimensions. “Relaxation efficacy 1 (r1)” and “pain efficacy 1 (a1)” had the strongest correlation (r=0.73). Interpersonal efficacy 2 (i2) had the highest intensity centrality (6.88), and relaxation efficacy 3 (r3) had the highest tightness (0.0125), and medication efficacy 1 (m1) had the highest mediation (116), which were the core efficacy and bridge efficacy in this network group.

Conclusion

There are complex network-like correlations among the various dimensions of self-efficacy in RA patients. Interpersonal efficacy is the core driving factor, while relaxation and medication efficacies play the bridging role, jointly influencing the overall level of patients’ self-management ability.

rheumatoid arthritis  /  self-efficacy  /  core symptoms  /  bridge symptoms  /  network analysis
邓瑶, 张沙, 向小润, 万萍, 任琦, 刘蕾. 人际、放松与药物效能在类风湿关节炎患者自我管理中的核心及桥梁效应分析. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (20) : 2532 -2539 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508047
Yao DENG, Sha ZHANG, Xiaorun XIANG, Ping WAN, Qi REN, Lei LIU. Analysis of the core and bridge effects of interpersonal, relaxation and medication efficacy in self-management of rheumatoid arthritis patients[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (20) : 2532 -2539 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508047
类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种以慢性、进行性关节炎症为主要特征的全身性自身免疫性疾病[1]。该疾病具有病程长、反复发作的特点,患者往往需要长期面对关节疼痛、晨僵、疲劳以及进行性关节功能障碍等多重健康挑战[2]。在疾病长期管理过程中,患者的自我效能感作为重要的心理社会因素,对疾病适应能力和健康结局具有关键性影响[3]。自我效能感是指个体对自身完成特定行为能力的信心程度,在慢性病管理中发挥着不可忽视的作用[4]。目前国内外关于RA患者自我效能感的研究存在一些局限[5-7],多数研究采用传统的线性分析方法,仅关注单一效能维度的独立作用;即便采用因子分析方法,也主要停留在探索各维度的内部结构层面。这些方法难以充分揭示不同自我效能维度之间复杂的相互作用关系,以及这种关系网络对整体疾病管理的影响机制。随着心理测量学方法的发展,症状网络分析技术为突破这一局限提供了新的研究思路[8-9]。该方法通过构建各症状或心理特征之间的条件依赖关系网络,能够直观呈现核心症状节点和关键桥梁连接,为临床干预靶点的选择提供科学依据[10]。核心效能是网络中影响力最大的节点,是干预的“关键抓手”;桥梁效能是连接不同效能维度的“纽带”,促进整体效能的整合与提升[11];关注这2个效能有助于实现精准、高效、系统化的护理干预目标,提升RA患者的整体自我管理能力和生活质量。本研究结合探索性因子分析与症状网络模型构建,探讨RA患者自我效能感各维度的内在关联,识别核心效能及桥梁效能,以期为制定针对性护理策略提供依据。
采用便利抽样法,选取2024年9月至2025年1月就诊于陆军军医大学第一附属医院中医与风湿免疫科的RA患者。纳入标准:①诊断符合2010年美国风湿病学会和欧洲抗风湿病联盟提出的RA诊断标准[12];②年龄≥18岁;③病程≥1年;④具有正常的认知和沟通交流能力;⑤自愿签署知情同意接受本次调查研究。排除标准:合并严重脏器疾病者。本研究使用的主要调查量表包括28个条目,构建网络模型的阈值参数为28个,样本量计算:[28×(28-1)/2]=378[13]。考虑到20%的无效应答率,最终所需样本至少为473个。本研究已通过陆军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准[(A)KY2024133],并在中国临床试验注册中心注册(ChiCTR2400093939)。
研究小组通过查阅文献,结合专家讨论后自行设计,包括患者的性别、年龄、民族、病程、婚姻状况、文化程度、工作状况、医疗付费形式、家庭人均月收入。
采用孙垚等[14]汉化的RASE,共计28个条目,涵盖放松效能、疼痛效能、睡眠效能、疲劳效能、休闲效能、人际效能、锻炼效能、药物效能8个维度,采用Likert 5级评分,总分28~140分,得分越高自我效能感越高[15]。该量表Cronbach’s α系数为0.901,效能1~8的Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.867、0.762、0.783、0.750、0.793、0.804、0.668及0.660[16]。
研究开始前,项目负责人对2名经过筛选的资料收集员进行统一培训,培训内容包括对各条目含义解读、询问话术及伦理相关注意事项。在资料收集阶段,研究人员向研究对象解释研究目的、方法及数据保密措施,在签署了知情同意书后进行调查。为保障数据质量,采用统一指导语说明问卷填写要求,研究对象独立填写纸质问卷,针对存在填写困难者采用一问一答方式进行填写。本研究共计发放问卷670份,经检查后排除18份无效问卷,包括信息不完整、答题时间小于2 min以及所有选项具有高度统一性,最终纳入652份有效问卷进行分析,有效回收率为97.31%。
使用Epidata 3.1软件建立数据库,数据录入工作由2名硕士研究生独立完成并进行交叉核对,发现差异时参照原始纸质问卷进行复核校正,以保证数据质量。采用SPSS 30.0软件完成基础资料描述性统计、自我效能感量表得分计算及探索性因子分析,对因子采用最大方差法进行旋转获得症状群;同时运用R4.4.1软件进行症状网络建模分析。
符合正态分布的计量数据采用x¯±s表示,非正态分布数据采用M(P25,P75)表示;分类变量以例(%)表示。症状群识别采用探索性因子分析方法,具体实施时运用主成分提取结合最大方差旋转法,在确定因子分析条件时进行KMO检验和Bartlett’s球形检验,设定特征值>1且因子载荷≥0.4的入选标准。对于跨因子症状(载荷均>0.4),根据最高载荷值确定其归属类别[17]。
网络分析部分通过R软件的“qgraph”包实现可视化,基于EBICgloss算法和Spearman相关分析构建症状网络模型,计算症状间偏相关系数。本研究构建的同期网络包含28个节点(对应量表条目)及其连接边(反映条件独立关系),边的粗细程度表征关联强度。网络特征评估包括3个中心性指标:①强度,反映节点与其他节点的直接关联总强度;②紧密度,表示节点到其他节点的平均最短距离;③中介度,衡量节点出现在最短路径中的频率。其中强度指标用于识别核心症状,后二者用于鉴别桥梁症状。
采用bootnet包进行网络稳定性检验:通过Bootstrap法计算边线95%CI评估连接稳定性(区间越窄精度越高);采用相关性稳定系数(correlation stability,CS)评价中心性指标可靠性,CS>0.25为可接受标准,CS>0.5提示稳定性良好[13]。
652例RA患者年龄为18~89(56.8±12.0)岁,病程为1~60(9.5±9.6)年,一般资料见表1。
对28个条目进行探索性因子分析,KMO检验和Bartlett’s球形检验显示,KMO值为0.905,χ2=8 910,df=378,P<0.001,结果符合继续进行主成分分析的标准,最终提取了7个主成分,累积方差贡献率为64.539%。根据RA患者自我效能感的多维和交互本质特点进行命名:睡眠-放松-疲劳-人际效能症状群(因子1)、疼痛-放松效能症状群(因子2)、人际-锻炼-休闲效能症状群(因子3)、锻炼效能症状群(因子4)、休闲-放松效能症状群(因子5)、药物效能症状群(因子6)、疲劳-休闲效能症状群(因子7),这7个症状群并非完全孤立,它们通过共享某些核心要素(如放松、休闲、人际)而相互关联,形成了一个更大的效能生态系统(表2)。
症状网络图中,各节点之间边线粗细代表症状之间的相关性,越粗则相关性越强。本研究结果显示,网络中构建的实际边缘数为54条,可能存在的最大边缘数为378条,网络密度为0.143。整个网络共纳入了28个条目,8个维度,相关性最强的节点为:“放松效能1(r1)”和“疼痛效能1(a1)”(r=0.73),见图1。
中心性指标使用cor相关矩阵构建,见图2。在此症状群中,“人际效能2(i2)”的强度中心性(6.88)最高,“放松效能3(r3)”的紧密度(0.0125)和“药物效能1(m1)”的中介度(116)最高,是该网络群中的核心效能和桥梁效能。
通过1 000次Bootstrap抽样计算显示均值曲线(Bootstrap mean)与原始样本曲线(Sample)重合度较高,最大偏差不超过0.05,特别是在边权值0.25~0.50的关键区间内,2条曲线几乎完全重叠,说明该网络结构可信任(图3)。稳定性检验中,结果显示节点强度(strength)、紧密度(closeness)及预期影响(expectedinfluence)稳定系数(CS系数)均>0.5,表示网络稳定性较好,即使在最极端的情况下(即从原始样本中随机剔除高达50%的数据),剩余数据所计算出的节点中心性顺序与原始顺序仍保持高度一致(图4)。
本研究采用了探索性因子分析,从28个条目中成功提取出7个具有临床意义的症状群,累计方差解释率达到64.539%,尽管这一数值略低于理想化的70%~80%阈值,但其结果仍然具有重要的理论和实践价值,这恰恰揭示了RA患者自我效能感内在结构的复杂性。但由于传统的探索性因子分析方法仅能呈现各维度的独立特征,难以揭示不同效能维度之间复杂的相互作用关系。因此,本研究进一步引入症状网络分析技术,构建了RA患者自我效能感各维度的网络模型,并通过了精确性和稳定性检验。结果显示网络边缘权重估计较精确,尤其在权重值较高的关键区间(0.25~0.50);节点的中心性指标(强度、紧密度、预期影响)也显示出较高的稳定性(CS>0.5)。网络分析结果显示,“放松效能1(r1)”与“疼痛效能1(a1)”之间存在最强的相关性(r=0.73),这一发现具有重要的临床意义,当患者能够熟练掌握放松技巧时,其对疼痛的控制信心也会相应提升,表明放松技巧与疼痛管理的信心水平存在显著正向关联。该结果与EATON等[18]学者采用催眠和放松干预来缓解癌症的慢性疼痛相吻合,表明在RA患者中,生理症状的管理效能与心理情况的调适效能之间存在协同作用[19-20]。此外,本研究的网络密度指标为0.143,这一数值表明RA患者自我效能感的各维度之间既保持一定的独立性,又存在中等程度的相互影响。
通过网络中心性分析,本研究识别出“人际效能2(i2)”具有最高的强度中心性(6.88),这表明该效能在整个自我效能感网络中处于核心地位。具体而言,该效能条目主要评估患者在疾病困扰时主动寻求社会支持的能力,反映出社会互动技能在RA患者自我效能体系中的枢纽作用。这一研究发现与袁艳青等[21]的研究结论相互印证,其研究证实良好的社会支持系统可以提升患者的治疗依从性,进而间接改善疾病预后。基于这一发现,本研究建议在临床护理实践中应当着重加强患者的沟通技能培训,通过构建完善的家庭-社区支持网络,系统性地提升患者应对疾病挑战的主动性和自信心。特别值得注意的是,这种以人际效能为核心的干预策略,不仅能够直接提升患者的社会适应能力,还可能通过网络的传导效应,对其他相关效能维度产生积极的促进作用,从而实现整体自我效能水平的提升。
本研究通过深入分析网络特征指标,发现“放松效能3(r3)”(紧密度最高)和“药物效能1(m1)”(中介度最高)在整个效能网络中扮演着关键的桥梁角色。具体分析显示,r3效能条目内容为“我相信我能用积极的心态应对疼痛”,在休闲效能和疼痛效能2个维度之间建立了重要连接,这与MCCRACKEN[22]关于心理调适在慢性疼痛管理中作用的研究结论一致;而m1效能条目内容为“我相信我能自己进行药物管理,知道服药方法和时间”则在休闲效能和放松效能之间起到了关键的衔接作用,显示了增强患者药物自我管理能力,能对患者健康结局的持续改善起到间接作用[23];这两个效能共同构成了连接患者生理调控和行为管理的关键桥梁。这一发现为临床护理干预提供了新的思路:一方面,可以将放松训练有机地整合到常规的疼痛管理方案中,帮助患者建立身心统一的应对策略;另一方面,通过强化用药依从性管理,可能间接促进患者参与休闲效能的积极性,从而打破不同效能维度之间的孤立状态。这种针对“枢纽效能”的靶向干预策略,有望通过影响网络中的关键节点,产生辐射性的积极效应,最终实现患者整体自我效能水平的全面提升。
建议医护人员在制定护理干预方案时,需秉持系统观念,杜绝“效能孤岛”现象。强调从整体性视角出发,审慎考量不同效能维度间的协同效应与交互作用,克服单一靶点的不足,最终实现各维度效益的最大化,为患者生活质量的持续改善提供坚实基础。
综上所述,本研究通过探索性因子分析与症状网络模型相结合的方法,系统揭示了RA患者自我效能感各维度间的关联机制。人际效能作为核心节点,对整体自我效能感具有显著驱动作用;而放松效能与药物效能则通过连接不同维度,成为网络中的关键桥梁。本研究存在一定的局限性:①样本来源较单一,所有患者来源于重庆市同一家三级甲等医院,可能导致样本在地域、医疗资源可及性、社会经济地位等方面相对同质,未来通过多中心、大样本的随机抽样来验证本网络结构的普适性和稳定性;②作为横断面研究,无法推断其因果方向或动态变化,未来需开展纵向研究验证网络动态变化。建议未来研究结合纵向设计,追踪自我效能感网络的动态演变,针对已识别的核心与桥梁效能开发干预措施并验证其有效性。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508047
  • 接收时间:2025-08-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-10-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18
  • 修回日期:2025-10-09
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院:中医与风湿免疫科,重庆,
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院:胸外科,重庆,
    3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院: 心脏外科,重庆,
    4陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院:院办,重庆,

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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