Article(id=1322954270475165698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954253676979072, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754668800000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-09, revisedDate=1761753600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346477383, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1764432000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346477383, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346477383, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346477383, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954253676979072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='22', pageStart='2725', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764432000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346473378, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346473378, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2824, endPage=2836, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954270726823939, articleId=1322954270475165698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Growing burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in China: An analysis on lifestyle and metabolic factors based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, columnId=1320434453051199700, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Think Tank for Public Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To analyze the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) attributable to lifestyle and metabolic factors in China from 1990 to 2021 and predict its future trends, providing evidence for public health prevention and control.
Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, we extracted disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ASCVD attributable to 7 key risk factors: dietary, low physical activity, smoking, high body mass index (BMI), high fasting blood glucose, high low-density lipid cholesterol (LDL-C), and hypertension. Age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) were also calculated to account for variations in age structure, and an ARIMA model was applied to predict future trends.
Results ① Overall trend analysis showed the leading risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) shifted from dietary risks in 1990 to hypertension in 2021, while hypertension and smoking remained the primary risk factors for ischemic stroke (IS) and peripheral artery disease (PAD), respectively. ② In BRICS nations, hypertension was the dominant risk factor for both IHD and IS, whereas in China, smoking and high fasting blood glucose continued to be the major drivers of PAD burden. ③ Sex-specific analysis revealed that hypertension was the leading risk factor for IHD and IS in both males and females. For PAD, smoking was the main risk factor in males, while high fasting blood glucose was for females. Age-stratified analysis revealed that in the 15-49 age group, dietary, high LDL-C and smoking were the primary factor for IHD, IS and PAD, respectively; in the 50-69 group, dietary predominated IHD risk, hypertension IS, and smoking PAD; and among those aged ≥70 years, hypertension was the leading risk factor for both IHD and IS, and high fasting blood glucose was for PAD. ④ ARIMA model forecasted that by 2035, DALYs for IHD, IS, and PAD will increase to 82.816 million, 46.808 million, and 0.192 million person-years, respectively.
Conclusion The ASCVD burden attributable to lifestyle and metabolic factors continues to rise in China from 1990 to 2021, and is projected to further increase by 2035. Countermeasures We suggest that current prevention and control priorities are enhanced management of metabolic factors, tailored interventions by sex and age, promotion of healthy lifestyles and tobacco control, and establishment of an integrated system of prevention-treatment-rehabilitation-research.
, authors=Qiuyue TU
1, Xinyu PENG
2, Ziyi HE
1, Derong LIN
3, Jianhua LIU
1, Jingrong LIANG
3, authorsList=Qiuyue TU, Xinyu PENG, Ziyi HE, Derong LIN, Jianhua LIU, Jingrong LIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jingrong LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954274023546899, articleId=1322954270475165698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=中国日益加重的动脉粥样硬化性心血管病负担:基于GBD2021数据库的生活方式和代谢因素分析, columnId=1320434453520961751, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·公共卫生智库, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 分析1990-2021年中国人群归因于生活方式和代谢因素的动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)负担及预测其变化趋势,以期为公共卫生防控提供参考。
方法 基于全球疾病负担(global burden of disease,GBD)2021数据库,提取中国人群归因于膳食、低体力活动、烟草、高BMI、高血糖、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高血压主要生活方式及代谢危险因素ASCVD的伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life-years,DALYs),同时计算年龄标准化DALYs率(age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate,ASDR),并应用ARIMA模型预测疾病趋势。
结果 ①总体趋势变化提示,导致缺血性心脏病(ischemic heart disease,IHD)首要归因危险因素从1990年的膳食风险转变为2021年的高血压,缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)和周围动脉疾病(peripheral arterial disease,PAD)首要归因危险因素分别均是高血压和烟草。②国际对比情况表明,1990—2021年,金砖国家IHD和IS疾病负担的主要风险因素均呈现高血压主导趋势,而关于PAD,中国始终保持烟草和高血糖主导。③性别年龄分布分析,高血压是男女人群共同的首要IHD和IS风险,而PAD风险具有性别差异(男性以烟草为主,女性以高血糖为主)。年龄分层显示,15-49岁人群以膳食(ischemic heart disease,IHD)、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(ischemic stroke,IS)、烟草(peripheral arterial disease,PAD)为首要归因危险因素;50-69岁人群以膳食(ischemic heart disease,IHD)、高血压(ischemic stroke,IS)、烟草(peripheral arterial disease,PAD)为首要归因危险因素;≥70岁人群的首要归因危险因素为高血压(ischemic heart disease,IHD/ischemic stroke,IS)与高血糖(peripheral arterial disease,PAD)。④ARIMA模型预测显示,预计到2035年IHD、IS和PAD的DALYs将分别增至8 281.6万、4 680.8万和19.2万人年。
结论 1990—2021年中国人群ASCVD疾病负担持续上升,预测显示至2035年仍将增长,防控形势严峻。对策 建议当前防控重点应是加强代谢因素的综合管理,并针对不同性别、年龄人群实施精准干预,继续推进健康生活方式干预和控烟措施,同时构建“防-治-康-研”一体化的防控体系。
, authors=涂秋月
1, 彭鑫玉
2, 贺子毅
1, 林德荣
3, 刘健华
1, 梁靖蓉
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3广州中医药大学东莞医院,广东 东莞)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954279891378245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
DALYs and ASDR of ASCVD attributed to lifestyle and metabolic factors for ASCVD in the Chinese population from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=+HfvpMA9Ie37CwkuMBnP2g==, figureFileBig=MjcDIJ6/2BH+OaZ7Itbmiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954279983652934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
1990—2021年中国人群归因于生活方式和代谢因素ASCVD的DALYs及ASDRDALYs:Disability-adjusted life-years; ASDR:Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate; ASCVD:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
, figureFileSmall=+HfvpMA9Ie37CwkuMBnP2g==, figureFileBig=MjcDIJ6/2BH+OaZ7Itbmiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954280252088391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Comparison of DALYs in BRICS countries attributable to lifestyle and metabolic factors for ASCVD in 1990 and 2021, figureFileSmall=R/QZ29L7liFHanC+a6ATzQ==, figureFileBig=Vj42CbXvEHXUW80SBtKexg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954280315002952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
1990年和2021年金砖国家归因于生活方式和代谢因素ASCVD的DALYs热图比较ASCVD:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; DALYs:Disability-adjusted life-years
, figureFileSmall=R/QZ29L7liFHanC+a6ATzQ==, figureFileBig=Vj42CbXvEHXUW80SBtKexg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954280377917513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Comparison of the percentages of DALYs attributed to lifestyle and metabolic factors for ASCVD in BRICS countries in 1990 and 2021, figureFileSmall=MJTh/YVdjAlSaVfjZTD3Hg==, figureFileBig=9fP+7Jrf7WBxKbmYEdUmlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954280453414986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
1990年和2021年金砖国家归因于生活方式和代谢因素ASCVD的DALYs百分比比较ASCVD:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; DALYs:Disability-adjusted life-years
, figureFileSmall=MJTh/YVdjAlSaVfjZTD3Hg==, figureFileBig=9fP+7Jrf7WBxKbmYEdUmlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954280554078283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
DALYs of ASCVD attributed to lifestyle and metabolic factors by different genders in the Chinese population from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=BFtzpZwclllLO/t24QV42w==, figureFileBig=XTaQsKx5ASxLw/wvFxlVsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954280625381452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
1990—2021年中国人群不同性别归因于生活方式和代谢因素ASCVD的DALYsASCVD:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; DALYs:Disability-adjusted life-years
, figureFileSmall=BFtzpZwclllLO/t24QV42w==, figureFileBig=XTaQsKx5ASxLw/wvFxlVsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954280721850445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=
DALYs attributed to lifestyle and metabolic factors for ASCVD in different age groups in the Chinese population in 2021, figureFileSmall=aroowyiWrdyVNZEhnzUGTw==, figureFileBig=ArG23CvCVlrnqpabpwVzlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954280788959310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
2021年中国人群不同年龄段归因于生活方式和代谢因素ASCVD的DALYsASCVD:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; DALYs:Disability-adjusted life-years
, figureFileSmall=aroowyiWrdyVNZEhnzUGTw==, figureFileBig=ArG23CvCVlrnqpabpwVzlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954282454097999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=
DALYs prediction of ASCVD attributed to lifestyle and metabolic factors in the Chinese population from 2021 to 2035, figureFileSmall=iwNoEoB6SHBygdT8nZP60Q==, figureFileBig=qGUqBOA18sRdaY2bWARLSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954282575732816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
2021—2035年中国人群归因生活方式和代谢因素ASCVD的DALYs预测ASCVD:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; DALYs:Disability-adjusted life-years
, figureFileSmall=iwNoEoB6SHBygdT8nZP60Q==, figureFileBig=qGUqBOA18sRdaY2bWARLSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954282709950545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
DALYs and ASDRs attributable to lifestyle and metabolic factors for ASCVD in the Chinese population in 1990 and 2021
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Risk factors | 1990 DALYs (95% UI) | 1990 ASDR (/100 000) (95% UI) | 2021 DALYs (95% UI) | 2021 ASDR (/100 000) (95% UI) |
|---|
| IHD | | | | |
| Dietary risks | 7 766 094 (645 793~11 456 232) | 959.47 (73.56~ 1444.35) | 16 168 470 (763 395~26 282 929) | 820.87 (27.63~ 1343.82) |
| High LDL cholesterol | 4 886 332 (3 349 050~6 274 712) | 568.20 (375.78~ 748.75) | 11 557 193 (7 514 432~15 899 090) | 585.10 (377.57~805.62) |
| High body-mass index | 698 240 (239 692~1 169 252) | 79.21 (27.02~133.33) | 3 506 177 (1 295 666~5 987 177) | 175.05 (64.48~298.21) |
| High fasting plasma glucose | 1 280 213 (1 022 039~1 568 783) | 183.03 (146.91~223.16) | 4 458 549 (3 556 144~5 446 225) | 228.04 (182.97~277.87) |
| High systolic blood pressure | 5 060 342 (3 612 146~6 458 050) | 708.40 (527.06~898.58) | 17 940 119 (13 570 151~23 271 389) | 921.96 (696.56~1175.92) |
| Low physical activity | 237 710 (103 506~396 304) | 40.72 (16.75~71.08) | 827 789 (365 855~1 470 328) | 46.05 (19.74~83.48) |
| Tobacco | 4 919 008 (4 057 932~5 837 650) | 575.29 (476.42~687.12) | 10 877 154 (8 423 416~13 669 121) | 540.39 (420.83~676.09) |
| IS | | | | |
| Dietary risks | 2 742 049 (1 159 918~4 397 008) | 336.22 (132.48~557.38) | 5 364 980 (1 785 608~8 949 958) | 253.69 (81.54~429.79) |
| High LDL cholesterol | 3 018 680 (1 065 097~4 938 870) | 385.65 (129.83~647.51) | 6 850 566 (2 313 204~11 418 167) | 335.59 (112.75~566.25) |
| High body-mass index | 211 604 (26 609~430 285) | 24.61 (3.09~50.09) | 1 188 225 (166 008~2 395 996) | 56.21 (7.84~113.00) |
| High fasting plasma glucose | 1 391 700 (1 055 720~1 844 115) | 202.39 (152.94~265.99) | 3 924 772 (2 973 434~5 032 509) | 195.67 (146.01~251.81) |
| High systolic blood pressure | 4 726 246 (3 325 421~6 270 658) | 669.00 (475.20~876.40) | 13 494 429 (9 598 533~17 668 579) | 669.45 (475.53~878.06) |
| Low physical activity | 510 439 (186 946~891 931) | 63.24 (11.05~124.92) | 1 086 838 (230 331~2 144 874) | 51.38 (6.16~108.84) |
| Tobacco | 2 472 603 (1 972 723~3 113 233) | 310.06 (242.71~390.56) | 4 917 318 (3 754 584~6 300 722) | 235.92 (180.28~302.32) |
| PAD | | | | |
| Dietary risks | 4 433.77 (1 435.86~9 444.07) | 0.60 (0.19~1.28) | 12 398.08 (3 692.59~26 989.43) | 0.59 (0.18~1.28) |
| High body-mass index | 3 425.85 (925.93~9 199.58) | 0.47 (0.13~1.25) | 24 742.04 (5 762.55~63 490.28) | 1.17 (0.27~3.00) |
| High fasting plasma glucose | 14 491.87 (7 880.57~26 977.71) | 2.12 (1.14~3.93) | 44 004.82 (24 908.62~78 166.89) | 2.15 (1.23~3.79) |
| High systolic blood pressure | 6 917.93 (1 040.22~15 834.03) | 1.00 (0.16~2.28) | 22 396.19 (3 980.18~49 103.91) | 1.09 (0.20~2.35) |
| Low physical activity | 1 841.09 (436.14~4 082.36) | 0.27 (0.07~0.60) | 5 461.43 (1 286.88~11 834.63) | 0.27 (0.06~0.58) |
| Tobacco | 21 082.58 (11 997.43~36 650.74) | 2.75 (1.57~4.88) | 47 475.28 (28 748.61~80 905.88) | 2.22 (1.35~3.76) |
), ArticleFig(id=1322954282810613842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954270475165698, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
1990年与2021年中国人群归因于生活方式和代谢因素ASCVD的DALYs及ASDR
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Risk factors | 1990 DALYs (95% UI) | 1990 ASDR (/100 000) (95% UI) | 2021 DALYs (95% UI) | 2021 ASDR (/100 000) (95% UI) |
|---|
| IHD | | | | |
| Dietary risks | 7 766 094 (645 793~11 456 232) | 959.47 (73.56~ 1444.35) | 16 168 470 (763 395~26 282 929) | 820.87 (27.63~ 1343.82) |
| High LDL cholesterol | 4 886 332 (3 349 050~6 274 712) | 568.20 (375.78~ 748.75) | 11 557 193 (7 514 432~15 899 090) | 585.10 (377.57~805.62) |
| High body-mass index | 698 240 (239 692~1 169 252) | 79.21 (27.02~133.33) | 3 506 177 (1 295 666~5 987 177) | 175.05 (64.48~298.21) |
| High fasting plasma glucose | 1 280 213 (1 022 039~1 568 783) | 183.03 (146.91~223.16) | 4 458 549 (3 556 144~5 446 225) | 228.04 (182.97~277.87) |
| High systolic blood pressure | 5 060 342 (3 612 146~6 458 050) | 708.40 (527.06~898.58) | 17 940 119 (13 570 151~23 271 389) | 921.96 (696.56~1175.92) |
| Low physical activity | 237 710 (103 506~396 304) | 40.72 (16.75~71.08) | 827 789 (365 855~1 470 328) | 46.05 (19.74~83.48) |
| Tobacco | 4 919 008 (4 057 932~5 837 650) | 575.29 (476.42~687.12) | 10 877 154 (8 423 416~13 669 121) | 540.39 (420.83~676.09) |
| IS | | | | |
| Dietary risks | 2 742 049 (1 159 918~4 397 008) | 336.22 (132.48~557.38) | 5 364 980 (1 785 608~8 949 958) | 253.69 (81.54~429.79) |
| High LDL cholesterol | 3 018 680 (1 065 097~4 938 870) | 385.65 (129.83~647.51) | 6 850 566 (2 313 204~11 418 167) | 335.59 (112.75~566.25) |
| High body-mass index | 211 604 (26 609~430 285) | 24.61 (3.09~50.09) | 1 188 225 (166 008~2 395 996) | 56.21 (7.84~113.00) |
| High fasting plasma glucose | 1 391 700 (1 055 720~1 844 115) | 202.39 (152.94~265.99) | 3 924 772 (2 973 434~5 032 509) | 195.67 (146.01~251.81) |
| High systolic blood pressure | 4 726 246 (3 325 421~6 270 658) | 669.00 (475.20~876.40) | 13 494 429 (9 598 533~17 668 579) | 669.45 (475.53~878.06) |
| Low physical activity | 510 439 (186 946~891 931) | 63.24 (11.05~124.92) | 1 086 838 (230 331~2 144 874) | 51.38 (6.16~108.84) |
| Tobacco | 2 472 603 (1 972 723~3 113 233) | 310.06 (242.71~390.56) | 4 917 318 (3 754 584~6 300 722) | 235.92 (180.28~302.32) |
| PAD | | | | |
| Dietary risks | 4 433.77 (1 435.86~9 444.07) | 0.60 (0.19~1.28) | 12 398.08 (3 692.59~26 989.43) | 0.59 (0.18~1.28) |
| High body-mass index | 3 425.85 (925.93~9 199.58) | 0.47 (0.13~1.25) | 24 742.04 (5 762.55~63 490.28) | 1.17 (0.27~3.00) |
| High fasting plasma glucose | 14 491.87 (7 880.57~26 977.71) | 2.12 (1.14~3.93) | 44 004.82 (24 908.62~78 166.89) | 2.15 (1.23~3.79) |
| High systolic blood pressure | 6 917.93 (1 040.22~15 834.03) | 1.00 (0.16~2.28) | 22 396.19 (3 980.18~49 103.91) | 1.09 (0.20~2.35) |
| Low physical activity | 1 841.09 (436.14~4 082.36) | 0.27 (0.07~0.60) | 5 461.43 (1 286.88~11 834.63) | 0.27 (0.06~0.58) |
| Tobacco | 21 082.58 (11 997.43~36 650.74) | 2.75 (1.57~4.88) | 47 475.28 (28 748.61~80 905.88) | 2.22 (1.35~3.76) |
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