Article(id=1322954221095629002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954180431847810, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754409600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-06, revisedDate=1764086400000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346465610, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1765728000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346465610, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346465610, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346465610, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954180431847810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='23', pageStart='2881', pageEnd='3008', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765728000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346455915, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346455915, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2913, endPage=2921, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954221305344203, articleId=1322954221095629002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Ophiopogonis polysaccharides inhibit TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway to mitigate submandibular gland inflammation in a Sjögren’s syndrome murine model, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides (OJP) on submandibular gland inflammation in a mouse model of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and its impact on the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway.

Methods

① Eight C57BL/6J mice served as the control group (Control group), while 32 C57BL/6J mice were subjected to immune induction to establish the SS model and then randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each): model group (SS group), low-dose OJP group [OJP (10 mg/kg) group], high-dose OJP group [OJP (20 mg/kg) group], and hydroxychloroquine group (Hyd group). The Control and SS groups received intragastric administration of saline, the OJP (10 mg/kg) and OJP (20 mg/kg) groups received 0.2 mL of OJP solution at 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg, respectively, and the Hyd group received 0.2 mL of hydroxychloroquine solution at 100 mg/kg, once daily for 4 weeks. Water consumption and salivary flow rate were measured. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. Pathological changes in submandibular gland tissue were observed by HE staining. Protein expression related to the TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was assessed by Western blot, and TNF-α and NLRP3 protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence. ② RAW264.7 macrophages were divided into blank control group (Control group), model group (SS group), low-dose OJP group (OJP1 group), medium-dose OJP group (OJP2 group), and high-dose OJP group (OJP4 group). After 24 hours of culture, the medium was removed; the Control group received 2 mL of complete DMEM medium, the SS group received 2 mL of complete DMEM medium containing 16 μg LPS, and the different OJP dose groups received 2 mL of complete DMEM medium containing 16 μg LPS plus OJP at concentrations of 1, 2, or 4 mg/mL, respectively. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by ELISA, TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway-related protein expression was detected by Western blot, and TNF-α protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence.

Results

① Compared with the Control group, the SS group showed increased water consumption and decreased salivary flow rate (P<0.05), elevated serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (P<0.01), aggravated pathological damage observed by HE staining in submandibular glands, and increased expression of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase-1), IL-1β, TNF-α, TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1)/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65)/NF-κB p65 (P<0.01), with immunofluorescence also showing elevated TNF-α and NLRP3 protein expression. Compared with the SS group, the Hyd group and both OJP dose groups exhibited decreased water consumption, increased salivary flow rate (P<0.01), reduced serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, alleviated submandibular gland pathological damage, decreased expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, TNFR1/GAPDH, and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 proteins by Western blotting (P<0.01), and reduced TNF-α and NLRP3 protein expression by immunofluorescence. ② Compared with macrophages treated solely with LPS, those treated with OJP intervention showed reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and decreased expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, TNFR1/GAPDH, and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 (P<0.01).

Conclusion

OJP may exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of the TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response in SS mice.

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目的

探究麦冬多糖(Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides,OJP)对干燥综合征(Sjögren’s syndrome,SS)小鼠颌下腺炎症的抗炎作用及其对肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域 3(NOD like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3,NLRP3)通路的影响。

方法

①8只C57BL/6J小鼠设为空白组(Control组),32只C57BL/6J小鼠采用免疫诱导法建立SS模型,采用随机数字法分为(n=8):模型组(SS组)、低剂量麦冬多糖组[OJP(10 mg/kg)组]、高剂量麦冬多糖组[OJP(20 mg/kg)组]、羟氯喹组(Hyd组)。Control组、SS组灌服生理盐水,OJP(10 mg/kg)和OJP(20 mg/kg)组分别灌胃0.2 mL的10、20 mg/kg OJP溶液,Hyd组灌胃给予0.2 mL的100 mg/kg羟氯喹溶液,每日1次,共4周。测量小鼠饮水量及唾液流率,采用ELISA法检测小鼠血清中白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、TNF-α炎症因子指标,HE染色观察各组小鼠颌下腺组织病理的改变,Western blot检测TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3通路相关蛋白的表达,免疫荧光法检测TNF-α、NLRP3蛋白表达。②将RAW264.7巨噬细胞分为空白对照组(Control组)、模型组(SS组)、麦冬多糖低剂量组(OJP1组)、麦冬多糖中剂量组(OJP2组)、麦冬多糖高剂量组(OJP4组),培养24 h后,去除培养基,Control组加入2 mL的DMEM完全培养基,SS组加入2 mL的含16 μg 脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)的DMEM完全培养基,OJP不同剂量组分别加入2 mL的含16 μg LPS及浓度为1、2或4 mg/mL OJP的DMEM完全培养基。采用ELISA法检测炎症因子指标,Western blot检测TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3通路相关蛋白的表达,免疫荧光法检测TNF-α蛋白表达。

结果

①与空白组比较,SS组小鼠饮水量增加,唾液流率减少(P<0.05),血清中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α增多(P<0.01),颌下腺组织HE染色显示病理损伤加重,NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,ASC)、半胱天冬酶-1(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,Caspase-1)、IL-1β、TNF-α、肿瘤坏死因子受体1(TNF receptor type 1,TNFR1)/甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ,GAPDH)及磷酸化NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)/NF-κB p65升高(P<0.01),免疫荧光结果显示TNF-α、NLRP3蛋白的表达升高。与SS组相比,Hyd组、OJP各剂量组小鼠饮水量减少,唾液流率增加(P<0.01)、血清中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α不同程度减少、颌下腺病理损伤均有减轻、Western blot结果显示NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、TNF-α、TNFR1/GAPDH及p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达降低(P<0.01)、免疫荧光结果显示TNF-α、NLRP3蛋白的表达均有降低。②与单纯用LPS处理的巨噬细胞相比,经OJP干预后的细胞中的炎症因子、NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、TNF-α、TNFR1/GAPDH及p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65均有所降低(P<0.01)。

结论

OJP可能通过抑制TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路激活达到抗炎作用,以此减轻SS小鼠炎症反应。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=干燥综合征), Keyword(id=1322954225529008373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路), Keyword(id=1322954225596117238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=NOD样受体热蛋白结构域 3)], refs=[Reference(id=1322954226699219202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, doi=10.26922/d.cnki.ganzc.2023.000567, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=孙思凌, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙思凌. 益气养阴通络方治疗气阴两虚型干燥综合征临床疗效观察及对NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD信号轴的影响[D]. 合肥:安徽中医药大学,2023., 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Shaanxi Med J,2022,51(12):1488-1491., articleTitle=Effects of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide on skin morphology and serotonin expression in aging rats, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954222710436055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954222718824664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, companyId=1322954222710436055, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Elderly Care Services and Management,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing,Jiangsu), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954222727213273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, companyId=1322954222710436055, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南京中医药大学养老服务与管理学院,江苏 南京)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322954222798516442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954222806905051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, companyId=1322954222798516442, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Rheumatology,Nanjing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Nanjing,Jiangsu,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954222811099356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, companyId=1322954222798516442, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2南京市中医院风湿病科,江苏 南京)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954225730334967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Comparison of water intake (A) and saliva secretion (B) among different groups of SS mice(n=8,x¯±s), figureFileSmall=qH70T3nZ7BZazaPQn8pdOg==, figureFileBig=L2ecoqNb6ZY0hH7T0dIqUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954225805832440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组SS小鼠饮水量(A)及唾液分泌量(B)的比较(n=8,x¯±s)

a:P<0.05,compared with the Control group; b:P<0.01,compared with the SS group

, figureFileSmall=qH70T3nZ7BZazaPQn8pdOg==, figureFileBig=L2ecoqNb6ZY0hH7T0dIqUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954226023936249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Comparison of serum inflammatory factors in SS mice of each group(n=3,x¯±s), figureFileSmall=fVzhTKcjt9uMYjt7iPHhIA==, figureFileBig=9vjmY9hLpAFF0yNhS3F0XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954226103628026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954221095629002, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组SS小鼠血清炎症因子的比较(n=3,x¯±s)

a:P<0.01,compared with the Control group; b:P<0.01,compared with the SS group

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a:P<0.01,compared with the Control; b:P<0.01,compared with the SS A:Detection of TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway protein expression levels in the submandibular gland tissue of SS mice by Western blotting; B:Detection of TNF-α and NLRP3 protein expression levels in the submandibular gland tissue of SS mice by immunofluorescence

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a:P<0.01,compared with the Control; b:P<0.01,compared with the SS A:Comparison of inflammatory factors in macrophages of each group detected by ELISA; B:Detection of TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway protein expression levels in macrophages of each group by Western blotting; C:Detection of TNF-α and NLRP3 protein expression levels in macrophages of each group by immunofluorescence

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麦冬多糖通过抑制TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路减轻干燥综合征小鼠颌下腺炎症
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华庆妮 1 , 陈月月 2 , 吴素玲 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学·论著 2025,47(23): 2913-2921
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陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学·论著 2025 , 47 (23) : 2913 -2921
麦冬多糖通过抑制TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路减轻干燥综合征小鼠颌下腺炎症
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华庆妮1, 陈月月2, 吴素玲2
作者信息
  • 1南京中医药大学养老服务与管理学院,江苏 南京
  • 2南京市中医院风湿病科,江苏 南京
通讯作者:
吴素玲,E-mail:
WU Suling,E-mail:
Ophiopogonis polysaccharides inhibit TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway to mitigate submandibular gland inflammation in a Sjögren’s syndrome murine model
Qingni HUA1, Yueyue CHEN2, Suling WU2
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Elderly Care Services and Management,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing,Jiangsu
  • 2Department of Rheumatology,Nanjing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Nanjing,Jiangsu,China
出版时间: 2025-12-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508016
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目的

探究麦冬多糖(Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides,OJP)对干燥综合征(Sjögren’s syndrome,SS)小鼠颌下腺炎症的抗炎作用及其对肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域 3(NOD like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3,NLRP3)通路的影响。

方法

①8只C57BL/6J小鼠设为空白组(Control组),32只C57BL/6J小鼠采用免疫诱导法建立SS模型,采用随机数字法分为(n=8):模型组(SS组)、低剂量麦冬多糖组[OJP(10 mg/kg)组]、高剂量麦冬多糖组[OJP(20 mg/kg)组]、羟氯喹组(Hyd组)。Control组、SS组灌服生理盐水,OJP(10 mg/kg)和OJP(20 mg/kg)组分别灌胃0.2 mL的10、20 mg/kg OJP溶液,Hyd组灌胃给予0.2 mL的100 mg/kg羟氯喹溶液,每日1次,共4周。测量小鼠饮水量及唾液流率,采用ELISA法检测小鼠血清中白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、TNF-α炎症因子指标,HE染色观察各组小鼠颌下腺组织病理的改变,Western blot检测TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3通路相关蛋白的表达,免疫荧光法检测TNF-α、NLRP3蛋白表达。②将RAW264.7巨噬细胞分为空白对照组(Control组)、模型组(SS组)、麦冬多糖低剂量组(OJP1组)、麦冬多糖中剂量组(OJP2组)、麦冬多糖高剂量组(OJP4组),培养24 h后,去除培养基,Control组加入2 mL的DMEM完全培养基,SS组加入2 mL的含16 μg 脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)的DMEM完全培养基,OJP不同剂量组分别加入2 mL的含16 μg LPS及浓度为1、2或4 mg/mL OJP的DMEM完全培养基。采用ELISA法检测炎症因子指标,Western blot检测TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3通路相关蛋白的表达,免疫荧光法检测TNF-α蛋白表达。

结果

①与空白组比较,SS组小鼠饮水量增加,唾液流率减少(P<0.05),血清中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α增多(P<0.01),颌下腺组织HE染色显示病理损伤加重,NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,ASC)、半胱天冬酶-1(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,Caspase-1)、IL-1β、TNF-α、肿瘤坏死因子受体1(TNF receptor type 1,TNFR1)/甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ,GAPDH)及磷酸化NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)/NF-κB p65升高(P<0.01),免疫荧光结果显示TNF-α、NLRP3蛋白的表达升高。与SS组相比,Hyd组、OJP各剂量组小鼠饮水量减少,唾液流率增加(P<0.01)、血清中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α不同程度减少、颌下腺病理损伤均有减轻、Western blot结果显示NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、TNF-α、TNFR1/GAPDH及p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达降低(P<0.01)、免疫荧光结果显示TNF-α、NLRP3蛋白的表达均有降低。②与单纯用LPS处理的巨噬细胞相比,经OJP干预后的细胞中的炎症因子、NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、TNF-α、TNFR1/GAPDH及p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65均有所降低(P<0.01)。

结论

OJP可能通过抑制TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路激活达到抗炎作用,以此减轻SS小鼠炎症反应。

麦冬多糖  /  干燥综合征  /  TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路  /  NOD样受体热蛋白结构域 3
Objective

To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides (OJP) on submandibular gland inflammation in a mouse model of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and its impact on the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway.

Methods

① Eight C57BL/6J mice served as the control group (Control group), while 32 C57BL/6J mice were subjected to immune induction to establish the SS model and then randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each): model group (SS group), low-dose OJP group [OJP (10 mg/kg) group], high-dose OJP group [OJP (20 mg/kg) group], and hydroxychloroquine group (Hyd group). The Control and SS groups received intragastric administration of saline, the OJP (10 mg/kg) and OJP (20 mg/kg) groups received 0.2 mL of OJP solution at 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg, respectively, and the Hyd group received 0.2 mL of hydroxychloroquine solution at 100 mg/kg, once daily for 4 weeks. Water consumption and salivary flow rate were measured. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. Pathological changes in submandibular gland tissue were observed by HE staining. Protein expression related to the TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was assessed by Western blot, and TNF-α and NLRP3 protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence. ② RAW264.7 macrophages were divided into blank control group (Control group), model group (SS group), low-dose OJP group (OJP1 group), medium-dose OJP group (OJP2 group), and high-dose OJP group (OJP4 group). After 24 hours of culture, the medium was removed; the Control group received 2 mL of complete DMEM medium, the SS group received 2 mL of complete DMEM medium containing 16 μg LPS, and the different OJP dose groups received 2 mL of complete DMEM medium containing 16 μg LPS plus OJP at concentrations of 1, 2, or 4 mg/mL, respectively. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by ELISA, TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway-related protein expression was detected by Western blot, and TNF-α protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence.

Results

① Compared with the Control group, the SS group showed increased water consumption and decreased salivary flow rate (P<0.05), elevated serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (P<0.01), aggravated pathological damage observed by HE staining in submandibular glands, and increased expression of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase-1), IL-1β, TNF-α, TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1)/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65)/NF-κB p65 (P<0.01), with immunofluorescence also showing elevated TNF-α and NLRP3 protein expression. Compared with the SS group, the Hyd group and both OJP dose groups exhibited decreased water consumption, increased salivary flow rate (P<0.01), reduced serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, alleviated submandibular gland pathological damage, decreased expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, TNFR1/GAPDH, and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 proteins by Western blotting (P<0.01), and reduced TNF-α and NLRP3 protein expression by immunofluorescence. ② Compared with macrophages treated solely with LPS, those treated with OJP intervention showed reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and decreased expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, TNFR1/GAPDH, and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 (P<0.01).

Conclusion

OJP may exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of the TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response in SS mice.

Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide  /  Sjögren’s syndrome  /  TNF-α/NF-κB pathway  /  NOD like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
华庆妮, 陈月月, 吴素玲. 麦冬多糖通过抑制TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路减轻干燥综合征小鼠颌下腺炎症. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (23) : 2913 -2921 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508016
Qingni HUA, Yueyue CHEN, Suling WU. Ophiopogonis polysaccharides inhibit TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway to mitigate submandibular gland inflammation in a Sjögren’s syndrome murine model[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (23) : 2913 -2921 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508016
干燥综合征(Sjögren’s syndrome,SS)是一种自身免疫性、慢性炎症性的疾病,典型的临床表现包括口、眼干燥,以及与外分泌腺体相关的其他干燥等,患者常伴有关节痛、倦怠乏力等症状,重症患者可累及肝、心、脾、肺、肾等重要器官以及血液系统,甚至危及生命[1]。
目前,SS的治疗目标主要聚焦于改善症状、缓解病情的发展和降低疾病活动度,常使用免疫抑制剂、糖皮质激素和生物制剂,但总体预后并不理想[2]。本研究所选的阳性药物羟氯喹是目前治疗SS的首选免疫抑制剂,在基础临床实践指南中被列为一线治疗药物,然而其疗效和安全性有一定的局限。中医将SS归属于“燥痹”范畴,其核心病机为阴虚津亏,津液输布失常,致燥、毒、瘀互结[3]。麦冬常用于治疗SS[4],有养阴生津、润肺清心之效。作为麦冬的关键活性成分之一,麦冬多糖(Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides,OJP)具有多糖类化合物典型的免疫调节功能。本研究旨在通过体内外实验,观察OJP对实验性SS小鼠的治疗作用及其对肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域3(NOD like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3,NLRP3)信号通路的调控而产生抗炎作用,以明确其对SS小鼠颌下腺炎症的作用机制,为SS的防治提供新的科学依据和思路。
7周龄C57BL/6雌鼠(体质量18~22 g)购自江苏集萃药康生物科技股份有限公司,饲养在中科南京生命健康高等研究院,动物生产许可证号为SCXK(苏)20230009。小鼠饲养于(22±2)℃、相对湿度(55±5)%的恒温恒湿环境中,采用12 h光照/黑暗循环(光照期:8:30-20:30)。在整个实验期间,动物均可自由饮水、摄食。适应性饲养1周后开始正式实验。
采用小鼠来源的巨噬细胞RAW264.7[5](上海酶研科技有限公司)作为实验细胞。细胞培养于10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中,维持环境37 ℃、5%CO₂,取处于对数生长期的细胞进行后续实验。
百日破疫苗购自武汉生物制品研究所有限责任公司;DMEM培养基、磷酸缓冲盐溶液(phosphate buffer saline,PBS)、4%多聚甲醛、10%胎牛血清购自苏州赛默飞世尔仪器有限公司;100 IU/mL青霉素和100 μg/mL链霉素购自上海碧云天公司;脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)购自德国Sigma公司;麦冬多糖购自天津万象恒源科技公司;白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6、TNF-α ELISA试剂盒购自南京纳晟生物科技有限公司;甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH;1∶1 000)、NLRP3(1∶1 000)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,ASC;1∶1 000)、半胱天冬酶-1(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase,Caspase-1;1∶1 000)、IL-1β(1∶1 000)、TNF-α(1∶1 000)、肿瘤坏死因子受体1(TNF receptor type 1,TNFR1;1∶1 000)、NF-κB-p65(1∶1 000)、磷酸化NF-κB p65(pNF-κB-p65,1∶1 000)与羊抗兔二抗(1∶5 000)购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司;75%乙醇、95%乙醇、纯净水均为南京市中医院中心试验室自制。
根据参考文献[6]进行造模,取3只C57BL/6小鼠颌下腺组织,将组织置于4 ℃ PBS中清洗,充分匀浆,以4 ℃、14 000×g离心5 min,收集上清液以考马斯亮蓝比色法测蛋白浓度,将蛋白与弗氏完全佐剂乳化,得到浓度为400 mg/L抗原溶液。第0、14天向小鼠两侧腹股沟皮下注射抗原溶液各0.05 mL,第2、7天向小鼠腹腔注射0.05 mL百白破疫苗加强免疫。对小鼠进行SS抗原B检测判断是否造模成功。
将8只C57BL/6小鼠设为空白组(Control组),灌胃0.2 mL生理盐水;将32只造模成功的小鼠采用随机数字法分为(n=8):模型组(SS组)、低剂量麦冬多糖组[OJP(10 mg/kg)组]、高剂量麦冬多糖组[OJP(20 mg/kg)组]、羟氯喹组(Hyd组)。SS组同样灌胃0.2 mL生理盐水,OJP(10 mg/kg)和OJP(20 mg/kg)组分别灌胃0.2 mL的10、20 mg/kg麦冬多糖溶液,Hyd组灌胃给予0.2 mL的100 mg/kg羟氯喹溶液,每日1次,连续4周。
小鼠三溴乙醇麻醉后断头处死,分离并摘取颌下腺。将获得的颌下腺组织分成2份:1份置于10%中性缓冲福尔马林中固定48 h后用于做病理HE染色;另1份迅速投入液氮中速冻,随后转移至-80 ℃冰箱保存,用于后续Western blot蛋白表达分析。
将RAW264.7巨噬细胞分为空白对照组(Control组)、模型组(SS组)、麦冬多糖低剂量组(OJP1组)、麦冬多糖中剂量组(OJP2组)、麦冬多糖高剂量组(OJP4组),培养24 h后,去除培养基,Control组加入2 mL的DMEM完全培养基,SS组加入2 mL的含16 μg LPS的DMEM完全培养基,OJP不同剂量组分别加入2 mL的含16 μg LPS及浓度为1、2、4 mg/mL OJP的DMEM完全培养基。收集培养24 h后的细胞上清液,用于后续实验。
适应性饲养开始至给药4周结束后,每天定时记录每笼小鼠饮水量。末次给药后,测量各组小鼠的唾液流率,将干棉球放入小鼠颊部,5 min后取出称量,计算小鼠唾液分泌量,公式为:小鼠唾液流率=[棉球湿质量(mg)-棉球干质量(mg)]÷5(min)。
取血清和培养细胞上清液,按南京纳晟生物科技有限公司提供的ELISA试剂盒说明书,检测IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α细胞因子的表达水平。
取颌下腺组织,制作5 μm厚的切片,依据试剂盒说明书进行HE染色,于光学显微镜下拍照,对颌下腺组织损伤进行评分。
取巨噬细胞铺12孔板爬片,PBS漂洗3次,4%多聚甲醛固定15 min,浸入0.5%Triton X-100(PBS配制)室温通透20 min,PBS浸洗3次。取颌下腺组织冷冻切片及细胞爬片室温封闭,加入稀释后的TNF-α(1∶500)、NLRP3(1∶500)抗体,避光孵育过夜后PBS洗片,加入荧光标记二抗孵育后DAPI复染,洗片后加入抗荧光淬灭封片剂封片,在荧光显微镜下观察并摄片采集图像。
收集各组组织及细胞,提取总蛋白,经电泳、转膜后滴加GAPDH(1∶1 000)、NLRP3(1∶1 000)、ASC(1∶1 000)、IL-1β(1∶1 000)、TNF-α(1∶1 000)、TNFR1(1∶1 000)、NF-κB-p65(1∶1 000)、pNF-κB-p65(1∶1 000)一抗,4 ℃孵育过夜,第2天加入二抗室温孵育1 h。显影成像后使用Image J软件分析灰度值。以GAPDH作为内参蛋白。
采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件统计分析,各组数据以x¯±s表示;除动物饮水量数据采用双因素方差分析外,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析;两两比较采用独立样本t检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
通过对SS小鼠饮水量及唾液流率的统计检测了OJP对小鼠口干情况能否有改善。SS组小鼠饮水量持续升高,至最后1周,OJP各剂量组及Hyd组小鼠饮水量均显著低于SS组(P<0.01,图1A)。与Control组相比,SS组小鼠唾液流率显著降低(P<0.05);与SS组相比,Hyd组、OJP各剂量组唾液流率显著增加(P<0.01,图1B)。提示OJP能够缓解SS小鼠的口干症状。
OJP能否对SS小鼠血清炎性反应产生影响尚不明确,为此通过ELISA法对SS小鼠血清中炎症因子做出检测。与Control组相比,SS组中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α水平均显著升高;与SS组相比,OJP各剂量组干预后均能显著降低上述炎症因子水平,Hyd组仅可显著降低TNF-α水平(P<0.01,图2)。结果提示OJP可抑制SS小鼠体内炎性反应。
OJP对SS小鼠颌下腺病理改变是否有改善作用尚不明确,对小鼠颌下腺组织进行HE染色来观察OJP的作用。与Control组相比,SS组小鼠颌下腺组织表现出腺体萎缩、边界不清、数量减少、并伴有淋巴细胞浸润等显著病理改变,经OJP各剂量组及Hyd组干预后,上述病理损伤均有不同程度减轻,其中OJP(20 mg/kg)组改善效果最为突出(图3)。表明OJP对SS小鼠颌下腺损伤具有明显保护作用。
通过Western blot检测小鼠颌下腺组织中的TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3通路,结果显示,与Control组相比,SS组中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、TNF-α、TNFR1/GAPDH及p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65表达均显著上调(P<0.01);经Hyd组、OJP各剂量组干预后,NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、TNF-α、TNFR1/GAPDH及p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达均显著下调(P<0.01,图4A)。进一步用免疫荧光法验证了OJP对小鼠颌下腺组织中的TNF-α、NLRP3进行了检测。结果显示,与Control组相比,SS组小鼠颌下腺组织中TNF-α、NLRP3蛋白的表达升高;与SS相比,Hyd组、OJP各剂量组均能有效降低TNF-α、NLRP3蛋白的表达水平(图4B)。提示OJP对SS小鼠颌下腺组织中TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3通路具有抑制作用。
在体实验已经证明OJP可以改善SS小鼠颌下腺病理损伤,可能通过抑制TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3通路来降低SS小鼠炎性反应。为进一步明确OJP的作用,通过体外实验验证OJP对巨噬细胞炎性反应的影响。ELISA结果显示,SS组中IL-6、IL-1β及TNF-α水平较Control组显著升高(P<0.01);OJP各剂量组IL-6、IL-1β及TNF-α炎症因子的水平较SS组显著降低(P<0.01,图5A)。Western blot结果显示,SS组中蛋白NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、TNF-α、TNFR1及p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65表达均较Control组显著上调(P<0.01),经OJP各剂量干预后,细胞内NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、TNF-α、TNFR1及p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65表达量均显著下降(P<0.01,图5B)。免疫荧光结果显示,与Control组相比,SS组TNF-α蛋白的表达显著升高;与SS相比,OJP4组能有效降低TNF-α蛋白的表达水平(图5C)。以上结果表明,OJP可能通过抑制TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3通路来降低巨噬细胞炎性反应。
NF-κB家族是一组转录因子,能够激活一系列炎性下游靶标,包括促炎细胞因子。TNF-α和NF-κB是上下游信号转导通路,在细胞自身固有免疫反应的触发中起着重要作用。TNF-α是炎症反应中最早且最重要的因子,是许多炎症反应的关键递质,TNF-α与TNFR1结合后,可以使NE-κB磷酸化和降解,从而激活NF-κB信号通路[7]。TNFR1含有一个由80个氨基酸序列组成的细胞质“死亡结构域”,通过这个死亡结构域,TNFR1可以依次募集肿瘤坏死因子受体相关死亡结构域蛋白、TNFR相关因子2、受体相互作用蛋白和NF-κB激酶抑制剂,从而激活NF-κB[8]。XUE等[9]研究发现,TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路在哮喘气道炎症反应过程中发挥主要的调节作用。LEE等[10]发现,藜芦醇可通过抑制人气道上皮细胞中的TNF-α/NF-κB通路进而抑制黏蛋白5AC表达升高引起的气道黏液分泌增多。说明许多炎症性疾病中存在着TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路的激活。本研究发现,无论是LPS诱导的巨噬细胞还是SS模型小鼠颌下腺组织,其TNF-α、TNFR1、p-NF-κBP65/NF-κBP65的表达水平均有显著增加,而OJP干预后显著抑制了TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路关键节点蛋白的表达及活化。
炎症小体是一类在先天免疫系统中发挥关键功能的多聚体蛋白复合物,其激活可促进促炎细胞因子的成熟和分泌,并调节Caspase-1以进一步发生炎症反应。NLRP3炎症小体是目前最具特征的炎症小体,其组成包括NLRP3蛋白分子、ASC和Caspase-1前体(pro-Caspase-1)[11]。NLRP3炎症小体激活后,通过ASC介导pro-Caspase-1裂解为Caspase-1,进而诱导IL-1β和IL-18炎症因子的释放,最终导致炎症反应[12]。有证据表明,NF-κB信号传导是激活NLRP3炎症小体的前提条件[13]。近年,研究表明,NLRP3炎症小体参与SS的发生,NLRP3炎症小体的激活与疾病活动密切相关,抑制其激活可以延缓疾病过程[14]。巨噬细胞在应对病原体侵袭的过程中,病原相关分子模式等能够激活细胞的模式识别受体(如NLRP3等),之后NLRP3炎症小体激活,释放大量炎症因子[15]。本研究进一步探究了OJP对SS模型小鼠颌下腺组织及LPS诱导的巨噬细胞中NLRP3炎症小体的影响,在SS模型小鼠及LPS处理后的巨噬细胞中,NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达均有所上升,而经OJP各剂量干预后,NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达均显著下降,由此推测OJP可以有效抑制 NLRP3炎症小体的活化,进而抑制SS炎症反应。
本研究基于TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3通路探讨OJP对SS炎症反应的抗炎作用,具有一定的理论价值和临床意义。SS的发病由多因素介导,遗传、外源性及内源性因素相互作用,共同触发自身免疫反应,特别是由T和B淋巴细胞活化释放促炎因子,产生持续、持久的炎症反应,放大组织损伤,并导致受影响器官的进行性功能损害和慢性炎症环境[16]。现代医学对SS的治疗以对症治疗或使用免疫抑制及激素类药物为主,而这些药物的局限性使得患者在治疗依从性或长期用药上受到挑战。中医药在SS防治中具有良好的效果,能够弥补西医治疗SS所带来不足,具有较高的临床应用潜能。因此寻找更为有效且安全的中药对防治SS极为重要。
麦冬具有润肺清心、益胃生津之效[17-18],OJP是麦冬的主要活性成分,现代药理学研究表明其具有抗炎、免疫调节和抗肿瘤等多种药理活性[19]。本研究发现OJP能有效抑制TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路和NLRP3炎症小体的活化,这与先期研究发现的OJP可以有效增加SS小鼠的饮水量、体质量,降低SS小鼠的颌下腺指数、颌下腺淋巴细胞的浸润度的结果相吻合[20],其他研究也证实OJP的抗炎作用[21-22]。这些发现为中医药防治SS提供了科学依据,表明OJP可能通过多靶点、多通路发挥治疗作用,具有较高的临床应用潜能。
综上所述,本研究发现OJP可以有效控制SS的发生发展,其作用机制可能是通过阻断TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3通路的激活,抑制炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α释放,达到抗炎作用而减轻干燥综合征炎症反应。在动物实验中,发现OJP对SS小鼠颌下腺炎症的改善作用并不亚于临床一线药物羟氯喹,这一发现为OJP在临床使用中医药治疗SS提供理论依据。然而,本研究仅从细胞及动物层面研究OJP对干燥综合征的影响,未来将进一步深入临床试验并加入中药复方进行深入研究。

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2025年第47卷第23期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508016
  • 接收时间:2025-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-12-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-06
  • 修回日期:2025-11-26
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    1南京中医药大学养老服务与管理学院,江苏 南京
    2南京市中医院风湿病科,江苏 南京

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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