Article(id=1322954407553409220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954407050092740, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507107, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744732800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-16, revisedDate=1749052800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346510065, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1760457600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346510065, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346510065, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346510065, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954407050092740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='19', pageStart='2289', pageEnd='2444', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760457600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346509945, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346509945, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2385, endPage=2395, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954409470206149, articleId=1322954407553409220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Promoting effect of ultra-low dose DMSO on fibroblast proliferation and its underlying mechanism, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effect of ultra-low dose of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the proliferation of skin fibroblasts and to explore its underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods

MTT assay was used to determine the effect of different concentrations of DMSO on the proliferation of skin fibroblasts. Pull-down assay with 7-methylguanosine triphosphate (7mGTP) and Western blotting was employed to detect the changes in eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and its binding protein, 4E-BP1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G). After intervention with mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, the alterations in the expression and phosphorylation levels of proteins within the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were examined with Western blotting.

Results

Treatment with 11.0 nmol/L DMSO significantly increased both the cell proliferation rate (P<0.05) and the activity of the cap-dependent translation initiation luciferase reporter gene (P<0.05). Results from 7mGTP pull-down assay and Western blotting demonstrated that 11.0 nmol/L DMSO notably inhibited the binding of 4E-BP1 to eIF4E (P<0.05) while promoting the binding of eIF4G to eIF4E (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the phosphorylation levels of p-Akt (S473), p-mTOR (S2448), p-4E-BP1 (T37/46), and p-p70S6K (T421/424) were upregulated (P<0.05); the total protein expressions of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, S6, eIF4E, and 4E-BP1 were increased to varying degrees(P<0.05). In the RAPA intervention group, the phosphorylation levels of p-Akt (S473), p-mTOR (S2448), p-p70S6K (T421/424), and p-S6 (S235/236) were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). When comparing the RA + DMSO group with the RA group, the phosphorylation levels of all aforementioned proteins were significantly upregulated except for p-eIF4E (S209) (P<0.05). For protein expression analysis: relative to the control group, the DMSO group exhibited increased expressions of Akt, p70S6K, and mTOR (P<0.05) except for 4E-BP1; the RAPA group showed significant downregulation in all these proteins (P<0.05); compared with the RA group, the RA + DMSO group displayed significantly higher expressions of all these proteins except for p70S6K (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Ultra-low dose of DMSO (11.0 nmol/L) promotes the proliferation of mouse skin fibroblasts by mediating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby potentially accelerating wound healing.

, authors=Ranjing TAN1, Tehao KANG2, Dengyan WU1, authorsList=Ranjing TAN, Tehao KANG, Dengyan WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dengyan WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954414734057688, articleId=1322954407553409220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=超低浓度二甲基亚砜促进皮肤成纤维细胞增殖作用及机制研究, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨超低浓度二甲基亚砜(Dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO) 对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞增殖的影响及其分子机制。

方法

采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide,MTT)检测不同浓度的DMSO对皮肤成纤维细胞增殖活性的影响;用双荧光素酶检测系统检测细胞中的复合物帽状依赖翻译蛋白活性的影响;用7-甲基鸟苷三磷酸(7-methylguanosine triphosphate,7 mGTP)下拉实验及Western blot检测DMSO处理后细胞的真核起始因子4E蛋白(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E,eIF4E)及其结合蛋白真核翻译起始因子4E结合蛋白1(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1,4E-BP1)、真核翻译起始支架蛋白(eukaryotic translation initiation factor ,eIF4G)的变化;用哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)的抑制剂雷帕霉素干预后,Western blot检测PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路蛋白的量及其磷酸化水平的改变。

结果

11.0 nmol/L DMSO不仅可显著提高细胞的增殖率(P<0.05),还能提高细胞帽状依赖翻译起始荧光素酶报告基因活性(P<0.05);7 mGTP下拉实验及Western blot检测结果显示,11.0 nmol/L DMSO处理细胞后,可显著抑制4E-BP1与eIF4E的结合(P<0.05),明显促进eIF4G与eIF4E的结合(P<0.05);p-Akt(S473)、p-mTOR(S2448)、p-4E-BP1(T37/46)、p-p70S6k(T421/424)的磷酸化水平与对照组比较明显上调(P<0.05);AKt、mTOR、p70S6K、S6、eIF4E、4E-BP1 总蛋白表达均上调;与对照组相比,雷帕霉素干预组,p-Akt(S473)、p-mTOR(S2448)、p-p70S6K (T421/424))、p-S6(S235/236)的磷酸化水平下调(P<0.05);雷帕霉素加DMSO组与雷帕霉素组的磷酸化水平比较,除p-eIF4E(S209)外,均明显上调(P<0.05);对Akt、mTOR、p70S6k、4E-BP1蛋白表达的研究发现,与对照组相比,DMSO组除4E-BP1外,Akt、p70S6K、mTOR蛋白表达均呈上调趋势(P<0.05)雷帕霉素组均明显下调(P<0.05);DMSO加雷帕霉素组与雷帕霉素组的表达相比,除p70S6K外,均明显上调(P<0.05)。

结论

超低浓度的DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)可通过介导PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路来促进小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖,从而加速创面愈合。

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吴登艳,E-mail:
WU Dengyan,E-mail:
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Cancer Cell Int,2024,24(1):407., articleTitle=LAT4 drives temozolomide induced radiotherapy resistance in glioblastoma by enhancing mTOR pathway activation, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954415015076057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954415027658970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, companyId=1322954415015076057, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Center for Dermatology and Medical Cosmetology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954415040241883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, companyId=1322954415015076057, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1重庆医科大学附属第二医院皮肤与医疗美容中心,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322954415119933660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954415128322269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, companyId=1322954415119933660, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Dermatology,Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery,Wushan People’s Hospital,Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954415136710878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, companyId=1322954415119933660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2重庆巫山县人民医院皮肤美容整形科,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954420476059896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Proliferation of mouse skin fibroblasts treated with different doses of DMSO for 24,48 and 72 h, figureFileSmall=BlbjZJrZ1aO2AzfUkcpErw==, figureFileBig=vcRJg9gMSMMvS8Xvq7AIag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954420559945977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同浓度DMSO处理小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞增殖检测

a: P<0.05 compared with the 24 h Control group; b:P< 0.05 compared with the 48 h Control group; c:P<0.05 compared with the 72 h Control group

, figureFileSmall=BlbjZJrZ1aO2AzfUkcpErw==, figureFileBig=vcRJg9gMSMMvS8Xvq7AIag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954420761272570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effect of ultra-low dose of DMSO (11.0 nmol/L) on the morphology of mouse skin fibroblasts after 48 h, figureFileSmall=D9I+Yf4LSF80RogrMo/9Xg==, figureFileBig=rplaTJaZP9JXOTlDU7FWQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954420840964347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=CN, label=图2, caption=超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L) 处理48 h后对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞形态学的影响

A:Microscopic images showing a relatively low cell density in blank control group at 48 h; B:Microscopic image showing significantly higher cell density after 11.0 nmol/L DMSO treatment for 48 h

, figureFileSmall=D9I+Yf4LSF80RogrMo/9Xg==, figureFileBig=rplaTJaZP9JXOTlDU7FWQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954420908073212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Activity of a cap-dependent translation initiation luciferase reporter in mouse skin fibroblasts after treatment with an ultra-low dose of DMSO (11.0 nmol/L), figureFileSmall=7wmbT15LXLDKkpkZE9xg9A==, figureFileBig=tJ1WWVxhyX95j7YXch+6GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954420958404861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=CN, label=图3, caption=超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞处理后的帽状依赖翻译起始荧光素酶报告基因活性

a:P<0.05 compared with Control group,b:P<0.05 compared with Control group,c:P<0.05 compared with Control group

, figureFileSmall=7wmbT15LXLDKkpkZE9xg9A==, figureFileBig=tJ1WWVxhyX95j7YXch+6GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954422631932158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effect of an ultra-low dose of DMSO (11.0 nmol/L) on cap-dependent translation in mouse skin fibroblasts, figureFileSmall=tGtWoasbXObkr8DYPtvIrQ==, figureFileBig=5PXnGFQPPk/qtpoTu0aJWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954422711623935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=CN, label=图4, caption=超低浓度的DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞的帽状依赖翻译的影响

A:7 mGTP pull-down assay followed by Western blot analysis of eIF4E,4E-BP1,and eIF4G in mouse skin fibroblasts. B:Densitometric quantification of eIF4E,4E-BP1,and eIF4G protein levels from the results shown in A. a:P<0.05 in comparison with the Control group

, figureFileSmall=tGtWoasbXObkr8DYPtvIrQ==, figureFileBig=5PXnGFQPPk/qtpoTu0aJWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954422812287232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effect of an ultra-low dose of DMSO (11.0 nmol/L) on the protein levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway targets in mouse skin fibroblasts, figureFileSmall=cmNWJSoxUP1JpNXON4YHQA==, figureFileBig=js9vkfAUK/9SQ+iL8iddRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954422900367617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=CN, label=图5, caption=超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L) 对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞的PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号靶点蛋白的影响

A:Western blotting results of total protein levels of Akt,mTOR,p70S6K,S6,eIF4E,and 4E-BP1; B:Western blotting results of phosphorylation levels of Akt (Ser473),mTOR (Ser2448),p70S6K (Thr421/Ser424),4E-BP1 (Thr37/46),and eIF4E (Ser209); C:Relative quantification of total protein levels shown in A; D~H:Relative quantification of phosphorylation levels shown in B. a:P<0.05 compared with Control group

, figureFileSmall=cmNWJSoxUP1JpNXON4YHQA==, figureFileBig=js9vkfAUK/9SQ+iL8iddRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954422975865090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Rapamycin-mediated mTOR inhibition interferes with ultra-low dose of DMSO (11.0 nmol/L)-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, figureFileSmall=mXwuldqij8F8pput6JR0dg==, figureFileBig=TiaNQOQ05YzqI4nNG8gNEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954423080722691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=CN, label=图6, caption=雷帕霉素抑制mTOR影响超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)对PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路激活

A:Western blotting results of phosphorylation levels of Akt (Ser473),mTOR (Ser2448),p70S6K (Thr421/Ser424),S6 (Ser235/Ser236),4E-BP1 (Thr37/46),and eIF4E (Ser209) in mouse skin fibroblasts treated with ultra-low dose of DMSO (11.0 nmol/L),with or without mTOR inhibitor,rapamycin,for 15 and 120 min; B:Western blotting showing protein expression of Akt,mTOR,p70S6K,and 4E-BP1 in mouse skin fibroblasts after treatment with DMSO,with or without rapamycin,for 48 h; C:Relative quantitative analysis of phosphorylation levels of Akt (Ser473),mTOR (Ser2448),p70S6K (Thr421/Ser424),S6 (Ser235/Ser236),4E-BP1 (Thr37/46),and eIF4E (Ser209); D:Relative quantitative analysis of protein levels of Akt,mTOR,p70S6K,and 4E-BP1. a:P<0.05 compared with Control group,b:P<0.05 compared with RA group

, figureFileSmall=mXwuldqij8F8pput6JR0dg==, figureFileBig=TiaNQOQ05YzqI4nNG8gNEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954423160414468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Effect of rapamycin and ultra-low dose of DMSO (11.0 nmol/L) on the proliferation of mouse skin fibroblasts, figureFileSmall=TPIiu/dIz6gl4ERenRgefg==, figureFileBig=M1h8Dnp0tqjd1mArNH2PWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954423248494853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954407553409220, language=CN, label=图7, caption=雷帕霉素及超低浓度DMSO (11.0 nmol/L) 处理对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞增殖的影响

a:P<0.05,compared with Control group,b:P<0.05,compared with RA group

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超低浓度二甲基亚砜促进皮肤成纤维细胞增殖作用及机制研究
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谭燃景 1 , 康特豪 2 , 吴登艳 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·基础医学 2025,47(19): 2385-2395
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·基础医学 2025 , 47 (19) : 2385 -2395
超低浓度二甲基亚砜促进皮肤成纤维细胞增殖作用及机制研究
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谭燃景1, 康特豪2, 吴登艳1
作者信息
  • 1重庆医科大学附属第二医院皮肤与医疗美容中心,重庆
  • 2重庆巫山县人民医院皮肤美容整形科,重庆
通讯作者:
吴登艳,E-mail:
WU Dengyan,E-mail:
Promoting effect of ultra-low dose DMSO on fibroblast proliferation and its underlying mechanism
Ranjing TAN1, Tehao KANG2, Dengyan WU1
Affiliations
  • 1Center for Dermatology and Medical Cosmetology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing
  • 2Department of Dermatology,Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery,Wushan People’s Hospital,Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-10-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507107
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目的

探讨超低浓度二甲基亚砜(Dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO) 对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞增殖的影响及其分子机制。

方法

采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide,MTT)检测不同浓度的DMSO对皮肤成纤维细胞增殖活性的影响;用双荧光素酶检测系统检测细胞中的复合物帽状依赖翻译蛋白活性的影响;用7-甲基鸟苷三磷酸(7-methylguanosine triphosphate,7 mGTP)下拉实验及Western blot检测DMSO处理后细胞的真核起始因子4E蛋白(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E,eIF4E)及其结合蛋白真核翻译起始因子4E结合蛋白1(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1,4E-BP1)、真核翻译起始支架蛋白(eukaryotic translation initiation factor ,eIF4G)的变化;用哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)的抑制剂雷帕霉素干预后,Western blot检测PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路蛋白的量及其磷酸化水平的改变。

结果

11.0 nmol/L DMSO不仅可显著提高细胞的增殖率(P<0.05),还能提高细胞帽状依赖翻译起始荧光素酶报告基因活性(P<0.05);7 mGTP下拉实验及Western blot检测结果显示,11.0 nmol/L DMSO处理细胞后,可显著抑制4E-BP1与eIF4E的结合(P<0.05),明显促进eIF4G与eIF4E的结合(P<0.05);p-Akt(S473)、p-mTOR(S2448)、p-4E-BP1(T37/46)、p-p70S6k(T421/424)的磷酸化水平与对照组比较明显上调(P<0.05);AKt、mTOR、p70S6K、S6、eIF4E、4E-BP1 总蛋白表达均上调;与对照组相比,雷帕霉素干预组,p-Akt(S473)、p-mTOR(S2448)、p-p70S6K (T421/424))、p-S6(S235/236)的磷酸化水平下调(P<0.05);雷帕霉素加DMSO组与雷帕霉素组的磷酸化水平比较,除p-eIF4E(S209)外,均明显上调(P<0.05);对Akt、mTOR、p70S6k、4E-BP1蛋白表达的研究发现,与对照组相比,DMSO组除4E-BP1外,Akt、p70S6K、mTOR蛋白表达均呈上调趋势(P<0.05)雷帕霉素组均明显下调(P<0.05);DMSO加雷帕霉素组与雷帕霉素组的表达相比,除p70S6K外,均明显上调(P<0.05)。

结论

超低浓度的DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)可通过介导PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路来促进小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖,从而加速创面愈合。

二甲基亚砜  /  皮肤成纤维细胞  /  细胞增殖  /  创面愈合  /  分子机制
Objective

To investigate the effect of ultra-low dose of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the proliferation of skin fibroblasts and to explore its underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods

MTT assay was used to determine the effect of different concentrations of DMSO on the proliferation of skin fibroblasts. Pull-down assay with 7-methylguanosine triphosphate (7mGTP) and Western blotting was employed to detect the changes in eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and its binding protein, 4E-BP1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G). After intervention with mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, the alterations in the expression and phosphorylation levels of proteins within the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were examined with Western blotting.

Results

Treatment with 11.0 nmol/L DMSO significantly increased both the cell proliferation rate (P<0.05) and the activity of the cap-dependent translation initiation luciferase reporter gene (P<0.05). Results from 7mGTP pull-down assay and Western blotting demonstrated that 11.0 nmol/L DMSO notably inhibited the binding of 4E-BP1 to eIF4E (P<0.05) while promoting the binding of eIF4G to eIF4E (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the phosphorylation levels of p-Akt (S473), p-mTOR (S2448), p-4E-BP1 (T37/46), and p-p70S6K (T421/424) were upregulated (P<0.05); the total protein expressions of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, S6, eIF4E, and 4E-BP1 were increased to varying degrees(P<0.05). In the RAPA intervention group, the phosphorylation levels of p-Akt (S473), p-mTOR (S2448), p-p70S6K (T421/424), and p-S6 (S235/236) were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). When comparing the RA + DMSO group with the RA group, the phosphorylation levels of all aforementioned proteins were significantly upregulated except for p-eIF4E (S209) (P<0.05). For protein expression analysis: relative to the control group, the DMSO group exhibited increased expressions of Akt, p70S6K, and mTOR (P<0.05) except for 4E-BP1; the RAPA group showed significant downregulation in all these proteins (P<0.05); compared with the RA group, the RA + DMSO group displayed significantly higher expressions of all these proteins except for p70S6K (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Ultra-low dose of DMSO (11.0 nmol/L) promotes the proliferation of mouse skin fibroblasts by mediating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby potentially accelerating wound healing.

dimethyl sulfoxide  /  skin fibroblasts  /  cell proliferation  /  wound healing  /  molecular mechanism
谭燃景, 康特豪, 吴登艳. 超低浓度二甲基亚砜促进皮肤成纤维细胞增殖作用及机制研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (19) : 2385 -2395 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507107
Ranjing TAN, Tehao KANG, Dengyan WU. Promoting effect of ultra-low dose DMSO on fibroblast proliferation and its underlying mechanism[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (19) : 2385 -2395 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507107
皮肤创面愈合是一个动态且复杂的生物过程,涉及多组织细胞的协同作用[1]。随着人口老龄化加剧以及糖尿病等基础疾病患病率的上升,受慢性伤口困扰的患者日益增多。目前,临床上仍缺乏安全有效的、能加速皮肤创面愈合的药物,因此,因此开发新型药物并阐明其治疗机制具有重要性与紧迫性[2]。二甲基亚砜(Dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)是生命科学中常用的溶剂[3],因其对疏水性化合物具有卓越的溶解能力[4],常被用作药物助溶剂,并作为药物活性组分添加于皮肤给药制剂中。研究表明成纤维细胞能够通过α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscles action,α-SMA)调控牵引力,对细胞外基质进行生物力学重塑和收缩,促进伤口愈合。成纤维细胞的增殖在创面愈合过程中发挥关键作用[5-6],而该过程又与PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路密切相关[7]。值得注意的是,蛋白质的合成作为细胞增殖的基础,其翻译起始过程,特别是帽状依赖翻译作为真核细胞主要的蛋白质翻译机制,受到PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的精细调控。帽状依赖翻译的核心是识别mRNA 5‘端帽子结构(m⁷GpppN,可被7-甲基鸟苷三磷酸m⁷GTP竞争性抑制)的真核起始因子4E蛋白(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E,eIF4E)。eIF4E与真核翻译起始支架蛋白(eukaryotic translation initiation factor,eIF4G)以及RNA解旋酶eIF4A共同形成eIF4F复合物,从而启动翻译。而eIF4E的活性受到其抑制蛋白4E-BP1的负调控[8];当PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路被激活时,可磷酸化4E-BP1,使其与eIF4E解离,游离的eIF4E得以与eIF4G结合形成有活性的eIF4F复合物,从而显著促进帽状依赖翻译的进行,加速细胞增殖相关蛋白的合成[9]。激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路可以加速创伤愈合[10-11],相反,该通路失调会延长创面愈合[12]。国内外研究显示,5.0 mmol/L DMSO通过激活Akt/mTOR信号通路,显著促进成纤维细胞增殖和角质形成细胞迁移,进而加速糖尿病小鼠皮肤创面愈合[13]。另有研究发现,DMSO能通过清除自由基、抑制炎症因子(如TNF-α、IL-6)释放,减轻创面氧化应激和慢性炎症,改善愈合微环境[14]。然而,在更低浓度下DMSO是否仍具备促进皮肤成纤维细胞增殖及加速愈合的作用,其具体分子机制尚不明确。目前关于DMSO的促进创面愈合作用及其分子机制研究较少,且高浓度DMSO可能存在有细胞毒性。因此,本研究旨在通过体外实验,探究nmol/L级的超低浓度DMSO对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞增殖的影响,并进一步分析其是否调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路关键靶点蛋白的表达,以揭示DMSO促进创面愈合的分子机制,为超低浓度DMSO安全、有效地应用于创面治疗提供理论依据。
超净工作台购自浙江苏杭净化设备有限公司;离心机购自贝克曼有限公司;显微镜购自尼康精机(上海)有限公司;酶标仪购自BioTek有限公司;蛋白电泳仪和凝胶成像系统购自BioRad有限公司;β-actin购自北京四正柏生物科技有限公司;Akt,p-Akt、mTOR、p-mTOR、eIF4G、真核翻译起始因子4E结合蛋白1(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E -binding protein 1,4E-BP1)、p-4E-BP1、S6,p-S6抗体购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司;P70S6k购自美国EPITMICS公司;DMEM培养基购自美国Gibco公司;胎牛血清购自Hyclone公司;四甲基偶氮唑蓝(methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide,MTT)及雷帕霉素购自Sigma公司;eIF4E单克隆抗体购自Santa Cruz公司;HRP标记的山羊抗鼠IgG二抗、HRP标记的山羊抗兔IgG二抗购自中杉金桥公司;7 mGTP琼脂糖珠购自GE Healthcare公司;Luciferase和细胞裂解液购自Promega公司;转染试剂盒购自Signagen公司;DMSO购自Sigma公司。
新生雌性昆明种小鼠(3~5 d,质量1.5~2.5 g)购自陆军军医大学动物实验室,在重庆医科大学附属第二医院SPF动物房饲养和实验。动物实验通过重庆医大学附属第二医院动物伦理委员会的审批(CQUWEC20223007)。
颈椎脱臼法将新生小鼠处死后,皮肤表面用75%乙醇进行消毒,取材后不含钙离子及镁离子的PBS中清洗。将皮肤组织剪取成约1 mm2的小片,均匀平铺于无菌平皿中,加入适量DMEM完全培养基,在培养箱中(37 ℃,5%CO2)培养24h,之后加入足量的培养基,继续培养。1周后将组织块去除,可见成纤维细胞生长。培养8~10 d后细胞铺满皿底,0.05%胰蛋白酶消化传代于培养瓶中培养。接种后的细胞每1~2 d于倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态至对数生长期。Western blot 检测分离培养的小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞与NIH3T3细胞均表达波形蛋白,证实所培养细胞具有成纤维细胞特性。取第3代细胞用于后续实验。
取对数生长期细胞,用2.5 g/L胰酶消化,加入含血清完全培养基按2×103 个/mL的密度分别接种于96孔培养板。置于37 ℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养24 h待细胞贴壁后,弃去原培养基,更换为含系列浓度DMSO(0、5.5、11.0、22.0、44.0、88.0、176.0 nmol/L)的完全培养基,每孔溶液100 µL,每个浓度设置5个复孔。置于37 ℃,5%CO2培养箱中分别孵育24 h、48 h、72 h后,向每孔内加入20 µL MTT溶液(5 mg/mL),继续培养4 h。轻轻吸干孔内上清液,然后加入DMSO(150 µL),振荡10 min,用酶联标检测仪检测OD(490 nm)。用含血清完全培养基培养皮肤成纤维细胞作为对照组(Control组);用血清完全培养液处理皮肤成纤维细胞后,在加入或不加入DMSO条件下,用雷帕霉素(100 µmol/L)处理后作为雷帕霉素干预组。
将细胞按5×104个/孔的密度接种于12孔板,分为2组(对照组和处理组)。待细胞贴壁12 h后,进行转染。弃去原培养基,添加750 µL新鲜完全培养基,培养60 min。用无血清培养基洗涤细胞2次。将无血清且不含双抗的培养基与已配制好的PloyJetTM Reagent转染试剂进行稀释混合,再加入无血清且不含双抗的质粒,充分搅拌均匀。静置15 min,将上述混合物导入细胞培养板中孵育12 h;加入11.0 nmol/L DMSO,继续孵育24 h、48 h、72 h;PBS清洗,裂解缓冲液中孵育15 min,离心取上清,用双荧光素酶检测系统分析帽依赖翻译活性值。
在冰上充分裂解细胞后,使用RIPA缓冲液进行处理,4 ℃ 12 000×g离心15 min,收集上清液,进行蛋白质定量。取50 μg总蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳分离,然后将蛋白转移至PVDF膜。用含5%牛奶的TBST室温封闭1 h,加入一抗于4 ℃孵育过夜。TBST洗涤膜4次,与相应二抗室温孵育1 h,TBST洗涤,通过ECL检测试剂显色后在X光洗片机(HQ-320XT)上曝光检测,采用Quantity One 4.6.2软件对图像进行光密度分析。
使用或不使用11.0 nmol/L DMSO刺激48 h的皮肤成纤维细胞在缓冲液A[10 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH 7.6),140 mmol/L KCl,4 mmol/L MgCl₂,1 mmol/L DTT,1 mmol/L EDTA,1% NP-40和蛋白酶抑制剂] 中溶解。取含300 μg蛋白的细胞裂解液(体积约300 μL),与10 μL 7 mGTP 琼脂糖珠在4 ℃下温和孵育过夜,孵育结束后,用含0.5%NP-40的缓冲液A洗涤琼脂糖珠-蛋白复合物。最后,通过Western blot分析与eIF4E结合的复合物。
使用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行统计分析,数据采用x¯±s表示;两组间数据分析,采用独立样本t检验的方法,并进行Bonferroni校正,P<0.05视为差异具有统计学意义。
分别加入系列浓度DMSO(0、5.5、11.0、22.0、44.0、88.0、176.0 nmol/L)处理皮肤成纤维细胞,观察24 h、48 h和72 h细胞增殖情况。MTT法检测结果显示:DMSO对细胞增殖具有显著的浓度和时间依赖性(P<0.05);与对照组相比,在11.0 nmol/L浓度下,细胞增殖促进作用最为显著(P<0.05,图1);同一浓度下,处理72 h的细胞增殖活性显著高于24 h和48 h,表明延长处理时间可增强DMSO的促增殖效果。综上所述,11.0 nmol/L DMSO在多数时间点表现出显著的促增殖效应,故后续实验选择此浓度进行深入研究。
超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)处理48 h后,比其对照组的融合度显著提高,可见大量典型的梭形细胞密集分布,并呈现活跃的漩涡状生长趋势,见图2。结果表明,该浓度DMSO对皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖活性有促进作用。
鉴于超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)可促进小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞增殖,且帽依赖翻译是蛋白质合成的主要途径。本研究进一步探讨该浓度DMSO的促生长作用是否与帽依赖翻译调控有关。基于此,构建编码帽状依赖翻译起始的荧光素酶报告基因系统,分析检测超低浓度DMSO (11.0 nmol/L)对皮肤成纤维细胞对帽依赖翻译活性的影响。11.0 nmol/L DMSO处理小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞24 h、48 h、72 h后,帽依赖翻译起始的荧光素酶活性均显著增强(P<0.05,图3),且该促进作用呈现时间依赖性增强趋势以上结果提示,11.0 nmol/L DMSO能够显著上调皮肤成纤维细胞的帽依赖翻译效率。
为验证超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)是否通过促进帽依赖翻译来驱动细胞增殖,本研究采用7 mGTP下拉实验检测eIF4F复合体关键组分的变化。结果显示:与对照组相比,超低浓度的DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)作用1 h后,与eIF4E结合的4E-BP1显著减少表明4E-BP1对eIF4E的抑制作用被解除。与此同时,eIF4G与eIF4E的结合明显增加,提示功能性eIF4F复合体形成增强(P<0.05,图4A、4B)。
推测DMSO可能是通过非经典通路(如PI3K/Akt/mTOR)发挥对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞的促增殖作用。为了验证这一假设,通过Western blot实验,检测11.0 nmol/L超低浓度DMSO处理后的小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞中PI3K/Aky/mTOR信号通路下游相关靶点蛋白的变化。结果见图5,与对照组相比,超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)处理24、48 h和72 h组的AKt,mTOR、p70S6K、S6、eIF4E、4E-BP1表达都有不同程度上调。研究发现,p-Akt(S473)、p-mTOR(S2448)、p-4E-BP1(T37/46)、p-p70s6k(T421/424)的磷酸化水平与对照组比较上调(P<0.05),而p-elF4E(S209)与对照组的无差异。上述结果表明,超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)可通过诱导4E-BP1磷酸化增加对PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路上下游各分子的影响促进细胞增殖作用。
用PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路中的关键靶点蛋白(mTOR蛋白)的靶点抑制剂雷帕霉素处理后,Western blot检测细胞的相关蛋白在处理15 min对p-Akt(S473)、p-mTOR(S2448)、P-4E-BP1(T37/46)、p-p70S6k(T421/424))、p-S6(S235/236)蛋白相应位点磷酸化的研究发现,与Control组相比,DMSO组均上调,RA组下调(P<0.05);相关蛋白p-Akt(S473)、p-mTOR(S2448)、p-p70S6K(T421/424))、p-S6(S235/236)上调(P<0.05),RA组下调;RA+DMSO组与RA组相比,除p-eIF4E(S209)外,均明显上调(P<0.05,图6A、C)。对其处理48h,与Control组相比,DMSO组除4E-BP1蛋白外,Akt、p70S6K、mTOR蛋白表达均呈上调趋势(P<0.05),RA组均明显下调(P<0.05);RA+DMSO组与RA组的表达相比,除p70S6K 外,均明显上调(P<0.05,图6B、D)。
与对照组比较,加入雷帕霉素组细胞增殖明显受到抑制(P<0.05,图7);但同时加入雷帕霉素及超低浓度DMSO组,细胞增殖未受到雷帕霉素抑制影响。上述结果表明,超低浓度的DMSO可激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路上下游分子的变化来促进小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞增殖,促进皮肤创面愈合。
中国是全球糖尿病患者最多的国家,约1.4亿成人患有糖尿病[15]。随着我国进入深度老龄化社会,老年人群,特别是合并糖尿病等慢性基础疾病者,已成为慢性皮肤创面的高发人群。糖尿病等多种因素引起的慢性难愈性创面,不仅愈合过程显著延缓,且易伴发感染、溃疡甚至组织坏死,严重威胁患者生命健康,同时也给医疗卫生系统及社会带来沉重的经济与照护负担。因此,深入研究皮肤创面愈合的分子机制,探寻安全有效的促愈合策略,具有重要的临床与现实意义。
皮肤创面愈合是一个动态且复杂的生物过程,涉及多组织细胞的协同作用,皮肤成纤维细胞能够产生有助于血管生成的物质,分化成肌成纤维细胞,形成成熟瘢痕,创面愈合过程中,成纤维细胞的增殖发挥着关键作用。
此外,既往研究证实,DMSO在创面愈合中具显著抗炎、镇痛作用,且能有效促进创面愈合[16-21],临床应用价值明确。同时国内研究显示,5.0 mmol/L DMSO通过激活Akt/mTOR信号通路,显著促进成纤维细胞增殖,加速糖尿病小鼠皮肤创面愈合[17],其研究重点是体内,且为创面的成纤维细胞,未涉及体外研究同时其更低浓度,尤其是超低浓度下是否可以促进小鼠成纤维细胞的增殖作用,未涉及研究。并且其研究是通过DMSO激活Akt/mTOR通路的机制发挥促进愈合作用,只是讨论Akt/mTOR的两个关键因素阐述,且未深入探讨上下游调控分子(如PI3K的参与)及细胞行为的整合机制。高浓度的DMSO有细胞毒性,因此越低的有效生物浓度对创面愈合越安全。本研究重点关注在体外更低浓度下的DMSO是否对成纤维细胞有促进增殖作用,并深入探讨超低浓度DMSO是否以及怎样通过影响PI3K/Akt/mTOR上下游分子发挥促进皮肤成纤维细胞增殖这一重要的具体机制。
本研究以小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞为研究对象,设置不加DMSO的细胞组为阴性对照组,加入11.0 nmol/L DMSO的细胞组为阳性组,旨在探究DMSO对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞增殖的影响,以及其对PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路靶点蛋白的调控作用。结果表明,11.0 nmol/L DMSO可显著促进小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞增殖;随DMSO浓度升高,其促增殖效应逐渐减弱,高浓度DMSO则表现出细胞增殖抑制作用,该现象推测与DMSO的细胞毒性及抗肿瘤活性相关。因此,超低浓度DMSO同样能有效诱导小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞增殖。
PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路在细胞增殖调控中扮演核心角色。该通路通过一系列丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶级联,调控细胞增殖、凋亡与分化等关键生物学过程[21]。Akt是PI3K的关键下游介质,其完全激活需要激酶区Thr308和调节区Ser473的双重磷酸化。活化的Akt通过磷酸化下游靶蛋白,促进细胞增殖、生长及血管生成,在伤口愈合中发挥重要作用[22-23]。mTOR作为该通路的下游关键传感器,整合营养与生长因子信号以调控细胞生长和蛋白质合成[24]。其Ser2448位点的磷酸化可激活下游的4E-BP1和p70S6K进而调控翻译起始[25]。磷酸化的mTOR(Ser2448)已被证明在控制mTOR活性中发挥重要作用[26]。帽状依赖翻译占蛋白质翻译的绝大部分,帽状依赖的翻译起始由eIF4E与4E-BP1的相互作用控制。mTOR磷酸化4E-BP1后,降低其与eIF4E的亲和力,促使eIF4E与eIF4G结合,从而增强帽状依赖的翻译起始,最终促进细胞增殖[27]。
推测超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞生长的促进作用是否通过调控帽状依赖的翻译实现。本研究将验证该假设,我们构建了帽状依赖翻译起始的荧光素酶报告基因系统,结合7 mGTP下拉实验与免疫印迹验证了eIF4F复合物的变化,系统评估了超低浓度DMSO对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞翻译起始的影响。我们的研究发现,超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)可显著降低4E-BP1与eIF4E的结合,同时增加eIF4G与eIF4E的相互作用,提示功能性eIF4F复合物形成增强,帽状依赖的翻译起始被激活,蛋白质合成水平升高。上述变化与PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路中4E-BP1-eIF4E轴的调控特征一致。基于此,我们提出假设:超低浓度DMSO可能通过非经典通路(如PI3K/Akt/mTOR)解除4E-BP1对eIF4E的抑制,促进eIF4F复合物装配,从而上调翻译效率,最终实现对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞的促增殖作用。
那么超低浓度DMSO是怎么影响PI3K/Akt/ mTOR信号通路中各靶点蛋白的变化实现促进小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞增殖作用的,本研究检测了超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)作用下小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞PI3K/Akt/ mTOR信号转导通路的关键激酶活性的结果表明:mTOR(Ser2448)磷酸化水平升高,4E-BP1(T37/T46) 磷酸化显著上调,p70S6K(T421/S424) 磷酸化无明显变化,而4E-BP1蛋白在T37和T46位点的磷酸化明显上调,这些变化导致4E-BP1对eIF4E的抑制作用被解除,eIF4F复合物形成增强,从而激活了帽状依赖的翻译起始,促进了蛋白质合成,最终推动了细胞增殖。因此,超低浓度的DMSO可通过激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路中的关键靶点4E-BP1及mTOR使之发生高磷酸化促进帽状依赖翻译,从而促进细胞增殖。这一结果与PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路中4E-BP1、mTOR在控制帽状依赖性蛋白合成、细胞生长和Akt信号下游细胞存活中的中心作用一致。为了进一步验证这一机制,我们使用了mTOR特异性抑制剂雷帕霉素干预超低浓度DMSO作用下的小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞[28],并检测细胞的增殖及其PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的上下游靶点分子的变化。实验结果显示:超低浓度DMSO能够显著减弱雷帕霉素对细胞增殖的抑制。同时,DMSO还能部分恢复被雷帕霉素阻断的mTOR(Ser2448) 磷酸化[26]。这表明,DMSO的促增殖作用是通过作用于雷帕霉素敏感的mTOR通路关键靶点分子来实现的,见图8。
综上所述,本研究明确证实,超低浓度DMSO(11.0 nmol/L)对小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞具有显著的促增殖效应。该nmol/L级浓度显著低于以往报道的mmol/L级范围,在保持生物活性的同时有效降低了其细胞毒性风险,为DMSO在创面愈合中的合理、安全应用提供了更有力的实验依据。与既往研究相比,我们进一步提出并验证了其分子机制:超低浓度DMSO通过激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路,选择性地上调mTOR与4E-BP1的磷酸化水平,从而促进帽状依赖的翻译起始,最终加速细胞增殖。对PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路上下游调控分子(如PI3K)及细胞行为的整合分析,不仅是对现有研究的补充与拓展,也进一步夯实了超低浓度DMSO通过该通路关键节点调控皮肤成纤维细胞功能的机制框架。本研究为超低浓度DMSO的促愈作用提供了更为合理且有意义的理论基础,并为创面愈合的治疗策略与药物靶点开发提供了实验支撑,为后续临床转化研究奠定了重要基础。

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2025年第47卷第19期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507107
  • 接收时间:2025-04-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-10-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-16
  • 修回日期:2025-06-05
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    1重庆医科大学附属第二医院皮肤与医疗美容中心,重庆
    2重庆巫山县人民医院皮肤美容整形科,重庆

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吴登艳,E-mail:
WU Dengyan,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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