Article(id=1322954389492736086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954356680696647, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507084, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753372800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-25, revisedDate=1758643200000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346505758, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1761753600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346505758, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346505758, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346505758, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954356680696647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='20', pageStart='2445', pageEnd='2580', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761753600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346497936, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346497936, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2569, endPage=2580, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954389731811415, articleId=1322954389492736086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Z-Ligustilide ameliorates retinitis pigmentosa via inhibiting PI3K/AKT-inflammation axis: Validation based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, columnId=1322210908391194739, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Pharmacy, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the potential therapeutic targets and underlying molecular mechanisms of Z-ligustilide (Z-LIG) in treating retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods

By integrating multiple databases, such as GeneCards and TargetNet, common targets for RP and Z-LIG were identified. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of the targets was conducted using the STRING database and analyzed in Cytoscape to identify core targets. The DAVID database was employed for the functional enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and the pathway enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for the core targets. The PubChem database was accessed for molecular docking verification to validate the binding affinity between Z-LIG and the core targets. Finally, male rd10 mice were randomly divided into a control group (n=5) and a Z-LIG treatment group (n=5). The protective effect of Z-LIG on the visual function in rd10 mice was verified through visual electrophysiology and behavioral tests. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were utilized to investigate the molecular mechanism of action.

Results

A total of 66 shared targets between RP and Z-LIG were identified through the screening process. PPI network analysis identified 55 key targets. GO enrichment analysis yielded 623 terms, which covering 3 dimensions, including cellular component (CC), molecular function (MF), and biological process (BP), such as inflammatory response. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further concentrated 124 terms, which were enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking suggested that Z-LIG could specifically bind with high affinity to RP-related core targets (such as EGFR and STAT3) via hydrogen bonds. In animal experiments, compared to the control group, the rd10 mice from the Z-LIG group showed a greater preference for the dark environment in the light/dark transition test (P<0.05), exhibited significantly higher amplitudes of A-wave and B-wave in electroretinogram (ERG) (P<0.05), greater number of outer nuclear layers, with fewer apoptotic cells and less microglial activation (P<0.05), demonstrated obviously reduced protein levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT in the retina (P<0.05), and had notably down-regulated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Z-LIG may exert a protective effect on the retina of rd10 mice by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT-inflammatory axis, thereby delaying retinal degeneration.

, authors=Weizuo XIAO1, 2, Lingling GE1, Luodan A1, Jiaxing DENG1, Shujia HUO1, Haiwei XU1, authorsList=Weizuo XIAO, Lingling GE, Luodan A, Jiaxing DENG, Shujia HUO, Haiwei XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shujia HUO, Haiwei XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954392940453990, articleId=1322954389492736086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=Z-藁本内酯通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路延缓视网膜色素变性:基于网络药理学与分子对接验证, columnId=1322954391430504537, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·药学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

研究Z-藁本内酯(Z-ligustilide,Z-LIG)治疗视网膜色素变性(retinitis pigmentosa,RP)的作用靶点和分子机制。

方法

通过整合GeneCards、TargetNet等多数据库,筛选出RP与Z-LIG的共同靶点。利用STRING数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络,并通过Cytoscape进行拓扑分析以识别核心靶点。利用DAVID数据库对核心靶点进行基因本体(GO)功能富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)路径富集分析;访问PubChem数据库进行分子对接验证Z-LIG与核心靶点的结合能力。将雄性rd10小鼠按照随机数字表法分为2组:对照组(Con组,n=5)和Z-LIG治疗组(Z-LIG组,n=5),通过视觉电生理和行为学检测验证Z-LIG对rd10小鼠视力的保护作用,并通过Western blot和RT-qPCR检测探究药物作用的分子机制。

结果

筛选得到RP和Z-LIG交叉靶点共66个,PPI网络数据分析筛选得到核心靶点55个,GO富集分析涵盖3个维度细胞组分(cellular component,CC)、分子功能(molecular function,MF)和包含炎症反应的生物过程(biological process,BP)共623个条目;包含PI3K-AKT信号通路的KEGG通路富集至124个条目。分子对接提示Z-LIG可通过氢键与RP相关核心靶点(EGFR、STAT3等)高亲和力特异性结合。动物实验表明,与对照组相比,Z-LIG组rd10小鼠在黑白箱实验中更倾向于黑暗环境(P<0.05);视网膜电图(electroretinogram,ERG)的A、B波幅值显著升高(P<0.05);外核层层数更多,凋亡数目更少,小胶质细胞活化更少(P<0.05);且视网膜中p-PI3K/PI3K和p-AKT/AKT均显著下降(P<0.05);同时促炎因子IL-1β和IL-6的mRNA表达水平显著下调(P<0.05)。

结论

Z-LIG可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT-炎症轴发挥对rd10小鼠视网膜的保护作用从而延缓视网膜变性。

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霍姝佳,E-mail:
徐海伟,E-mail:
HUO Shujia,E-mail:
XU Haiwei,E-mail:
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Naunyn Schmiedeberg Arch Pharmacol,2023,396(4):593-605., articleTitle=Repurposing artemisinins as neuroprotective agents:a focus on the PI3k/Akt signalling pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954406349643968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, doi=10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112891, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=141, issue=null, pageStart=112891, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=ZHANG F, MENG T, FENG R, journalName=Int Immunopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG F,MENG T,FENG R,et al. MIF aggravates experimental autoimmune prostatitis through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome via the PI3K/AKT pathway[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2024,141:112891., articleTitle=MIF aggravates experimental autoimmune prostatitis through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome via the PI3K/AKT pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954406525804737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, doi=10.1093/emboj/19.13.3159, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=19, issue=13, pageStart=3159, pageEnd=3167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=OLAYIOYE M A, journalName=EMBO J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OLAYIOYE M A. NEW EMBO MEMBERS' REVIEW:The ErbB signaling network:receptor heterodimerization in development and cancer[J]. EMBO J,2000,19(13):3159-3167., articleTitle=NEW EMBO MEMBERS' REVIEW:The ErbB signaling network:receptor heterodimerization in development and cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322954406592913602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, doi=10.1038/nrc1275, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=4, issue=2, pageStart=97, pageEnd=105, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=YU H, JOVE R, journalName=Nat Rev Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU H,JOVE R. The STATs of cancer:new molecular targets come of age[J]. Nat Rev Cancer,2004,4(2):97-105., articleTitle=The STATs of cancer:new molecular targets come of age, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954393162752103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954393171140712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, companyId=1322954393162752103, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Ophthalmology,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954393179529321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, companyId=1322954393162752103, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院眼科,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322954393250832490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954393259221099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, companyId=1322954393250832490, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Ophthalmology,General Hospital of Southern Theater Command,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954393267609708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, companyId=1322954393250832490, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2南部战区总医院眼科,广东 广州)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954400796385431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Target interaction network of Z-LIG and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), figureFileSmall=FbwbnrX0ZOenoN3n+AqXvg==, figureFileBig=v/Bm3VpCjCseQtSdYGRHpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954400863494296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Z-LIG与RP的靶点作用网络

A:Venn diagram of targets for Z-LIG and RP; B:Protein-protein interaction (PPI) diagram of interactions between target proteins; C:Component-Target-Pathway diagram of Z-LIG

, figureFileSmall=FbwbnrX0ZOenoN3n+AqXvg==, figureFileBig=v/Bm3VpCjCseQtSdYGRHpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954401081598105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of Z-LIG acting on retinitis pigmentosa (RP), figureFileSmall=dGcl5rd2/g4M0S3XMLA54g==, figureFileBig=j1W6hjixCha4DUgFPIuptw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954401157095578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Z-LIG作用于RP的GO分析和KEGG分析

A:Top 10 terms in cellular component (CC),molecular function (MF),and biological process (BP) of GO analysis; B:Top 20 pathways with the smallest P-values in KEGG analysis

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A:Molecular docking of Z-LIG and EGFR; B:Molecular docking of Z-LIG and STAT3; C:Molecular docking of Z-LIG and HSP90AB1; D:Molecular docking of Z-LIG and NFKB1; E:Molecular docking of Z-LIG and PTGS2; F:Molecular docking of Z-LIG and ABL1

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A:Administration route of rd10 mice; B:Schematic diagram of light/dark transition test; C:Proportion of time spent in the dark compartment by mice in the 2 groups; D:Shuttle frequency between the 2 compartments in mice of the 2 groups; E:ERG waveforms of mice in the 2 groups; F~H:Comparison of A-wave and B-wave amplitudes between the 2 groups of mice under 0.1 (F),1.0 (G) and 3.0 (H) log cd·s/m2 light intensity. a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=AN+5V8bNfDu+Z8kSoFPVNA==, figureFileBig=VcHTyCI4bhUnLzMr+2f/9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954401572331679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effects of Z-LIG on retinal structure and cell apoptosis in rd10 mice, figureFileSmall=r6QglTKhY2LXvCQ+ZGahog==, figureFileBig=ESgUEfTmqTHcFMylMwxqzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954401635246240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Z-LIG对rd10小鼠视网膜结构和细胞凋亡的影响

A:TUNEL immunofluorescence staining of retina in the 2 groups; B:Comparison of retinal outer nuclear layer thickness between the 2 groups; C:Comparison of the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the retina between the 2 groups; D:Iba1 immunofluorescence staining of the retina in the 2 groups; E:Comparison of the proportion of activated microglia in the retina between the 2 groups. a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=r6QglTKhY2LXvCQ+ZGahog==, figureFileBig=ESgUEfTmqTHcFMylMwxqzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954401714938017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Z-LIG inhibits the phosphorylation activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes in the retina, figureFileSmall=oy+Ykj62wPGhZOKwnlHF8Q==, figureFileBig=Z1Xj78qzbBtdidCfyhL+Aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954401832378530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Z-LIG抑制PI3K/AKT通路的磷酸化激活以及抑制炎症因子基因的表达

A:Western blotting results of PI3K/AKT and p-PI3K/p-AKT in the retina of the 2 groups; B~F:Relative expression of p-PI3K/PI3K (B),p-AKT/AKT (C),IL-1β (D),IL-6 (E) and TNF-α (F) in the 2 groups of mice. a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=oy+Ykj62wPGhZOKwnlHF8Q==, figureFileBig=Z1Xj78qzbBtdidCfyhL+Aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954401895293091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sequences and lengths of each primer for RT-qPCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneUpperstream sequence(5′→3′)Downstream sequence(5′→3′)
IL-1βCCTGCAGCTGGAGAGTGTGGATTGTGCTCTGCTTGTGAGGTGCT
IL-6TAGTCCTTCCTACCCCAATTTCCTTGGTCCTTAGCCACTCCTTC
TNF-αAGCCCACGTCGTAGCAAACCACAGGTACAACCCATCGGCTGGCA
), ArticleFig(id=1322954401958207652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954389492736086, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RT-qPCR各个引物的序列以及长度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneUpperstream sequence(5′→3′)Downstream sequence(5′→3′)
IL-1βCCTGCAGCTGGAGAGTGTGGATTGTGCTCTGCTTGTGAGGTGCT
IL-6TAGTCCTTCCTACCCCAATTTCCTTGGTCCTTAGCCACTCCTTC
TNF-αAGCCCACGTCGTAGCAAACCACAGGTACAACCCATCGGCTGGCA
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Z-藁本内酯通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路延缓视网膜色素变性:基于网络药理学与分子对接验证
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肖维作 1, 2 , 葛玲玲 1 , 阿洛丹 1 , 邓嘉兴 1 , 霍姝佳 1 , 徐海伟 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·药学 2025,47(20): 2569-2580
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·药学 2025 , 47 (20) : 2569 -2580
Z-藁本内酯通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路延缓视网膜色素变性:基于网络药理学与分子对接验证
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肖维作1, 2, 葛玲玲1, 阿洛丹1, 邓嘉兴1, 霍姝佳1 , 徐海伟1
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院眼科,重庆
  • 2南部战区总医院眼科,广东 广州
通讯作者:
霍姝佳,E-mail:
徐海伟,E-mail:
HUO Shujia,E-mail:
XU Haiwei,E-mail:
Z-Ligustilide ameliorates retinitis pigmentosa via inhibiting PI3K/AKT-inflammation axis: Validation based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Weizuo XIAO1, 2, Lingling GE1, Luodan A1, Jiaxing DENG1, Shujia HUO1 , Haiwei XU1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Ophthalmology,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing
  • 2Department of Ophthalmology,General Hospital of Southern Theater Command,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China
出版时间: 2025-10-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507084
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目的

研究Z-藁本内酯(Z-ligustilide,Z-LIG)治疗视网膜色素变性(retinitis pigmentosa,RP)的作用靶点和分子机制。

方法

通过整合GeneCards、TargetNet等多数据库,筛选出RP与Z-LIG的共同靶点。利用STRING数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络,并通过Cytoscape进行拓扑分析以识别核心靶点。利用DAVID数据库对核心靶点进行基因本体(GO)功能富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)路径富集分析;访问PubChem数据库进行分子对接验证Z-LIG与核心靶点的结合能力。将雄性rd10小鼠按照随机数字表法分为2组:对照组(Con组,n=5)和Z-LIG治疗组(Z-LIG组,n=5),通过视觉电生理和行为学检测验证Z-LIG对rd10小鼠视力的保护作用,并通过Western blot和RT-qPCR检测探究药物作用的分子机制。

结果

筛选得到RP和Z-LIG交叉靶点共66个,PPI网络数据分析筛选得到核心靶点55个,GO富集分析涵盖3个维度细胞组分(cellular component,CC)、分子功能(molecular function,MF)和包含炎症反应的生物过程(biological process,BP)共623个条目;包含PI3K-AKT信号通路的KEGG通路富集至124个条目。分子对接提示Z-LIG可通过氢键与RP相关核心靶点(EGFR、STAT3等)高亲和力特异性结合。动物实验表明,与对照组相比,Z-LIG组rd10小鼠在黑白箱实验中更倾向于黑暗环境(P<0.05);视网膜电图(electroretinogram,ERG)的A、B波幅值显著升高(P<0.05);外核层层数更多,凋亡数目更少,小胶质细胞活化更少(P<0.05);且视网膜中p-PI3K/PI3K和p-AKT/AKT均显著下降(P<0.05);同时促炎因子IL-1β和IL-6的mRNA表达水平显著下调(P<0.05)。

结论

Z-LIG可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT-炎症轴发挥对rd10小鼠视网膜的保护作用从而延缓视网膜变性。

Z-藁本内酯  /  视网膜色素变性  /  网络药理学  /  PI3K/AKT  /  炎症
Objective

To investigate the potential therapeutic targets and underlying molecular mechanisms of Z-ligustilide (Z-LIG) in treating retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods

By integrating multiple databases, such as GeneCards and TargetNet, common targets for RP and Z-LIG were identified. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of the targets was conducted using the STRING database and analyzed in Cytoscape to identify core targets. The DAVID database was employed for the functional enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and the pathway enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for the core targets. The PubChem database was accessed for molecular docking verification to validate the binding affinity between Z-LIG and the core targets. Finally, male rd10 mice were randomly divided into a control group (n=5) and a Z-LIG treatment group (n=5). The protective effect of Z-LIG on the visual function in rd10 mice was verified through visual electrophysiology and behavioral tests. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were utilized to investigate the molecular mechanism of action.

Results

A total of 66 shared targets between RP and Z-LIG were identified through the screening process. PPI network analysis identified 55 key targets. GO enrichment analysis yielded 623 terms, which covering 3 dimensions, including cellular component (CC), molecular function (MF), and biological process (BP), such as inflammatory response. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further concentrated 124 terms, which were enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking suggested that Z-LIG could specifically bind with high affinity to RP-related core targets (such as EGFR and STAT3) via hydrogen bonds. In animal experiments, compared to the control group, the rd10 mice from the Z-LIG group showed a greater preference for the dark environment in the light/dark transition test (P<0.05), exhibited significantly higher amplitudes of A-wave and B-wave in electroretinogram (ERG) (P<0.05), greater number of outer nuclear layers, with fewer apoptotic cells and less microglial activation (P<0.05), demonstrated obviously reduced protein levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT in the retina (P<0.05), and had notably down-regulated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Z-LIG may exert a protective effect on the retina of rd10 mice by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT-inflammatory axis, thereby delaying retinal degeneration.

Z-ligustilide  /  retinitis pigmentosa  /  network pharmacology  /  PI3K/AKT  /  inflammation
肖维作, 葛玲玲, 阿洛丹, 邓嘉兴, 霍姝佳, 徐海伟. Z-藁本内酯通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路延缓视网膜色素变性:基于网络药理学与分子对接验证. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (20) : 2569 -2580 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507084
Weizuo XIAO, Lingling GE, Luodan A, Jiaxing DENG, Shujia HUO, Haiwei XU. Z-Ligustilide ameliorates retinitis pigmentosa via inhibiting PI3K/AKT-inflammation axis: Validation based on network pharmacology and molecular docking[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (20) : 2569 -2580 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507084
视网膜色素变性(retinitis pigmentosa,RP)是一组慢性进行性遗传性视网膜疾病,以视网膜光感受器细胞逐渐退变、丢失而致盲为特点[1]。目前没有根治RP的方法,也缺乏相关的辅助疗法,是造成全世界不可逆性视力损害以及失明的重要原因[1-2]。寻找安全有效的治疗药物迫在眉睫。
炎症反应是加速RP视网膜退行性变的关键病理机制之一[3],炎症可通过激活免疫细胞、释放炎症因子及促进氧化应激等方式,与遗传缺陷共同推动病变进展[3-5]。RP中的炎症为无菌性炎症,以视网膜细胞损伤后释放出来的内源性的损伤相关分子模式(damage-associated molecular patterns,DAMPs)为因子诱发引起[6]。小胶质细胞早期可能通过吞噬凋亡细胞碎片起一定的保护作用,但在感光细胞凋亡或者视网膜色素上皮细胞(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)损伤时可释出ATP、热休克蛋白(heat shock proteins,HSPs)、核酸等DAMPs,通过TLR4、P2X7受体活化视网膜内小胶质细胞[7]。活化的视网膜小胶质细胞在经过由“静息态”(呈典型树枝状)转为“激活态”(呈阿米巴样)[8]以及移位的过程中会释放出大量的促炎因子(如TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6)来损害健存感光细胞、RPE,并且长时间激活还会破坏血-视网膜屏障(blood-retinal barrier,BRB)[9]。
Z-藁本内酯(Z-ligustilide,Z-LIG)作为当归中提取的活性成分[10],能抑制血管内皮生长因子-A(vascular endothelial growth factor-A,VEGF-A)通路,在糖尿病大鼠模型中起到抑制视网膜炎症、减轻视网膜细胞凋亡、保护视网膜功能的作用[11]。Z-LIG与人参皂苷Rd联合治疗可通过抑制小胶质细胞焦亡和抑制中风后Nod样受体家族含pyrin结构域蛋白3(NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3,NLRP3)炎症小体的激活减轻脑损伤[12]。但Z-LIG是否能对RP起到有效的干预以及其机制尚不清楚。
本研究采用“网络药理学预测-实验验证”的研究范式,利用网络药理学技术系统预测Z-LIG治疗RP的潜在靶点和信号通路。同时,进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析来预测潜在的信号通路。通过行为学、电生理以及RT-qPCR、Western blot等方法,验证Z-LIG对视网膜变性的治疗效果,并阐明其通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路以减轻炎症反应的分子机制,为开发RP的新型治疗策略提供理论依据。
访问PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/),在检索框中输入Z-LIG的名称,在检索结果中找到Z-LIG的条目,进入化合物详情页后,在“Chemical Structure”模块中获取“Canonical SMILES”。访问TargetNet数据库(http://targetnet.scbdd.com/),在输入框输入Z-LIG的Canonical SMILES。提交后,数据库会输出该成分可能作用的靶点列表,每个靶点对应一个预测概率(Prob),筛选出“Prob=1”的靶点基因。
登录GeneCards数据库(https://www.genecards.org/),检索关键词“Retinitis pigmentosa”,得到与RP相关的所有基因,为聚焦核心病理机制,挑选出核心RP相关基因——根据数据库提供的“Relevance Score”(关联评分)≥1的基因;利用Jvenn韦恩图(VennDiagram)分析工具进行不同数据集间可视化,以图示形式直观反映出各组间的重叠情况,并可用于筛选出“药物-疾病”的共靶基因。
利用前期获得的药物-疾病共靶点输入至STRING数据库(https://string-db.org/),设定物种为“Homo sapiens”,蛋白互作置信度≥0.4,将STRING导出的PPI网络数据导入Cytoscape软件,以期构建最终蛋白互作网络图。设定了每个节点大小,颜色深浅代表“Degree”值大小,并将Degree值>50的点表示在最外层,更直观地区分出高连接度的关键节点。
整理第一步得出的核心靶点列表,打开DAVID数据库(https://david.ncifcrf.gov/),点击进入“Functional Annotation”;将核心靶点的标准化基因名称粘贴至基因ID部分并选择相应的基因ID类型后点击文件导入;在弹出框内勾选“Gene Ontology”以及“KEGG Pathway”点击确定,提交分析,在GO结果中,选择CC、MF、BP项内分别选择富集率前10的项目(一般要求P<0.05);将通路名加入备注,并在注释区插入中文标签,生成条形统计图;同样将KEGG的结果按照P值(或者调整后的P值)从小到大排序,从中挑选P<0.05且排名前20的通路,选取KEGG通路上的相关核心靶点后将通路名和涉及到的靶点作为备注信息上传百度在线作图,并采用svg格式输出后将核心靶点相关的KEGG通路根据先后顺序进行排列形成气泡图。
访问PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/),搜索Z-LIG。点击“3D Conformer”获取结构,下载为SDF格式。打开Chem3D软件,导入SDF文件。选择“Minimize Energy”功能,软件通过分子力学计算使分子构象达到能量最低状态。将文件导出为PDB格式。访问PDB数据库(https://www.rcsb.org/),搜索靶蛋白名称,下载PDB格式的蛋白质结构文件。启动PyMOL软件,加载PDB文件。打开AutoDockTools(ADT),导入PyMOL处理后的PDB文件,去除非必要成分。导入Chem3D处理后的配体PDB文件,执行加氢与电荷计算。在AutoDocktools中设置对接格(GridBox),配置对接参数(Docking Parameter File,DPF),使用AutoDockVina命令行工具执行对接,从输出文件中提取组合能量最低的构象,绘制图像。
实验动物模型为陆军军医大学第一附属医院实验动物中心饲养的无特定病原体的SPF级视网膜变性模型rd10小鼠。饲养环境为12 h光照/黑暗循环,温度23~25 ℃,湿度60%~70%。小鼠出生后第0天(P0)为出生日期。在P15时,将雄性rd10小鼠按照随机数字表法分为2组:对照组(Con组,n=5)和Z-LIG治疗组(Z-LIG组,n=5)。该研究及相关实验均经陆军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会审定通过(AMUWEC20211860)。
将Z-LIG(MCE,HY-N0401A)溶解于由10% DMSO和90%的磺丁基醚β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)生理盐水水溶液(即0.2 g SBE-β-CD粉末溶于1 mL的生理盐水)(v/v)组成的溶剂中。Z-LIG组小鼠从P15开始,每日1次腹腔注射给予40 mg/kg的Z-LIG(根据体质量调整给药体积),而对照组小鼠给予等体积的溶剂,给药持续至P25进行功能检测。该剂量的选择基于文献报道[13]及本实验室的预实验结果,证实此剂量在rd10小鼠中安全且有效。
参照以往文献[14]进行。暗箱长宽高分别为45、30、40 cm,明室体积占其中2/3,暗室体积占1/3,两室之间有长宽各10 cm的通道。小鼠提前在黑暗条件适应12 h。预先将小鼠放入暗室适应5 min,实验开始时,在明室上方设置一个光源,并测量光强,保证维持在300 lx。并且开启通道,让小鼠自由地在2个房间之间活动5 min。使用AdobePremierePro 2023对小鼠在上述条件下的活动进行记录。
参照以往实验[15],在测试前,让各组小鼠在昏暗的红光下适应黑暗近12 h,麻醉方式为腹腔内注射阿佛丁(2.0 mL/kg)。麻醉完成后,在电生理仪上放置小鼠,使用加热垫,温度设置为37 ℃。使用托吡卡胺滴眼液(Santen Pharmaceutical,日本大阪)进行瞳孔扩张。用与角膜接触的光导电极记录双眼的ERG反应;将接地电极夹住小鼠尾部。使用ERG仪器(Diagnosys LLC,美国马萨诸塞州洛厄尔)分别测量光强度为0.01、0.1、1.0和3.0 log cd·s/m2的暗视ERG记录。使用Diagnosys电生理系统软件记录A波和B波的幅度等实验数据。
将小鼠眼球摘除后置于4%多聚甲醛中固定24 h,梯度乙醇脱水,石蜡包埋。视网膜组织切片厚度为4 μm。切片脱蜡至水后,用0.3%Triton X-100通透15 min,5%BSA封闭1 h。随后切片与一抗兔抗Iba1(1∶200,Abcam ab178847)4 ℃孵育过夜,PBST洗涤3次,每次5 min。加入Alexa Fluor 594标记的山羊抗兔IgG二抗(1∶500,Invitrogen)室温孵育1 h;对于TUNEL染色,按照制造商的说明将缓冲液1和2(Roche,瑞士巴塞尔,原位细胞死亡检测试剂盒)以1∶9的比例混合,加入切片和载玻片中,然后在37 ℃下孵育2 h,切片和载玻片用PBS洗涤3次(每次10 min),最后DAPI复染细胞核。荧光显微镜(Olympus BX53)下观察并采集图像。每组随机选取5张切片,每张切片选取3个视野进行Iba1和Tunel阳性细胞计数。
分离视网膜并在冰冷的组织裂解缓冲液中裂解(1%PSMF+99%RIPA)。在4 ℃下2 000×g离心30 min后,收集上清液中的蛋白质,用二甲酸测定法(BCA)确定蛋白质的浓度。每组蛋白样品的质量为30 μg,采用15%的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)聚丙酰胺凝胶进行分离。随后,将蛋白转移至聚乙烯二氟(PVDF)膜中。在Tris缓冲盐水/Tween(TBST)中用5%的非脂肪牛奶阻塞后,将膜与原代抗体一起4 ℃孵育过夜。次日用TBST洗涤膜层3次,然后与过氧化物酶偶联的免疫球蛋白G作为二抗在室温下作用2 h。最后,使用增强的化学发光法对蛋白质带进行成像,并使用Odyssey红外成像仪系统进行扫描。使用β-肌动蛋白作为对照,并使用ImageJ软件进行量化和分析。
收集视网膜,用1 mL TRIzol、200 µL氯仿、500 µL异丙醇和1 mL 75%乙醇从每个视网膜中提取总RNA。RNA的浓度和纯度由分光度仪(ThermoFisher)检测。通过荧光信号实时监测cDNA扩增过程,定量分析基因表达量,将提取的RNA逆转记录为互补DNA(cDNA)。上海生工生物工程公司提供所需引物。基因序列如表1所示。
本实验分析结果以x¯±s表示,重复实验次数至少为3次,均采用非配对t检验。本研究显著性水平均设定为P<0.05。统计图表采用GraphPad Prism 9.0软件绘制。
通过对GeneCards数据库筛选并获得RP相关核心靶点(Score≥1)共有4 608个,然后采用TCMSP靶点筛选、TargetNet预测和UniProt标准整合Z-LIG靶点数据,并与RP相关核心靶点作交集分析,最终获得66个交集靶点(图1A),说明该66个靶点是Z-LIG与RP病理机制之间的关联节点,提示Z-LIG可能通过调节上述靶点发挥作用。
蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)可以呈现目标蛋白之间的物理或功能上的关联性,展示出基因/蛋白在生物系统中的协同作用模式。利用Z-LIG治疗RP的66个潜在靶点构建PPI网络,并且运用PPI网络中能够寻找到调控节点的方法,从而找到核心调控节点;将66个潜在靶点的标准化基因名称输入STRING数据库(https://string-db.org/),选择物种为“Homo sapiens”,设置相互作用评分阈值。下载PPI网络数据,包括PPI网络中的节点(靶点)、边(相互作用关系)、相互作用评分等。经过严格过滤,共筛选获得55个核心靶点,包括206条相互作用关系。其中具有较高Degree值的核心靶点有EGFR(表皮生长因子受体)、STAT3(信号转导和转录激活因子3)、HSP90AB1(热休克蛋白90α家族B类成员1)、NFKB1(核因子κB亚基1)、PTGS2(前列腺素内过氧化物合成酶2)、ABL1(阿贝尔森鼠白血病病毒癌基因同源物1)(图1B、C)。
对55个核心靶点的GO富集分析共得到623个条目,涵盖细胞组分(cellular component,CC)、分子功能(molecular function,MF)和生物学过程(biological process,BP)3个维度,反映了核心靶点在细胞定位、功能活性及参与的生理过程中的共性特征。共富集37条CC条目,包括细胞质的核周区域、细胞顶端部分、膜筏、膜微区、富含纤维胶凝蛋白-1的颗粒腔等;共富集85条MF条目,主要有磷酸转移酶活性、激酶结合、蛋白激酶活性、转录因子结合等几个方面的内容;共富集501条BP条目,核心条目包括细胞对含氮化合物的反应、细胞对激素刺激的反应、炎症反应、正向调节细胞运动、正向调节运动(图2A)。55个核心靶点中共富集到124条KEGG通路,包括癌症中的信号通路、癌症中的微小RNA、PI3K-Akt信号通路、流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化、Ras信号通路(图2B)。尽管PI3K-Akt通路排名第3,但其与RP核心病理炎症反应直接相关,且有文献支持其在视网膜疾病中的关键作用[16],因此成为本研究机制验证的首选目标。
为初步验证Z-LIG与RP有关的靶点亲和力,本研究以PPI网络为基础,筛选出高Degree 值的核心靶点(EGFR、STAT3、HSP90AB1、NFKB1、PTGS2、ABL1)进行分子对接实验。通过结合能评估,分析上述靶点与Z-LIG的亲和力,即结合能(kcal/mol)越低,配体与靶点结合越稳定。通常认为结合能≤-5 kcal/mol表示结合性强,图3可以发现Z-LIG可通过氢键与RP相关核心靶点(EGFR、STAT3等)特异性结合,且结合能较低,亲和力良好。
采用黑白箱测试和ERG实验检测Z-LIG对rd10小鼠视功能的影响。由于啮齿动物能感知所有波长的可见光,包括红光,暴露于光照(尤其是明亮光)下会干扰它们的昼夜节律,引起应激反应,因此它们更倾向于黑暗环境。rd10小鼠感光细胞由于疾病进展逐渐丢失,因此黑白箱实验可以在一定程度上反映rd10小鼠疾病的进展情况。处于黑白箱中的P25的rd10小鼠(图4A、B),Z-LIG组于暗箱中的时间比例明显高于Con组(P<0.01,图4C),与此同时,Z-LIG组于黑白两箱中来回穿梭的频率要明显低于Con组(P<0.05,图4D),说明Z-LIG组的rd10小鼠更倾向于在暗处活动。ERG是评估视网膜功能的重要电生理指标(图4E),ERG波形的不同成分对应视网膜不同细胞的电活动,其中感光细胞的功能直接影响ERG的关键波形参数。在P25的rd10小鼠中,Z-LIG组的A波和B波幅值(μV)在光强为0.1、1.0、3.0 log cd·s/m2时均明显高于Con组(P<0.05,图4F;P<0.05,图4G;P<0.01,图4H),结果提示,Z-LIG能有效改善rd10小鼠的视功能。
为更准确地评估药物效果,本研究观察视网膜组织病理学改变。免疫荧光染色结果和TUNEL染色结果显示(图5A),Con组小鼠视网膜外核层(ONL)明显变薄,感光细胞核层数显著减少,且凋亡细胞数量较多;而Z-LIG组小鼠的感光细胞核层数明显多于Con组,且形态更接近静息态,视网膜细胞的凋亡数量明显更少,且感光细胞排列更规整,水肿程度较轻(P<0.05,图5B;P<0.01,图5C)。通过对比两组小鼠的小胶质细胞染色可以发现(图5D),Con组的Iba1+小胶质细胞形态由静息态的树枝状转变为激活态的阿米巴样,且向外核层迁移的情况较明显,Z-LIG组的小胶质细胞则更接近分枝状结构,且较少发生迁移(图5E)。上述结果表明,Z-LIG能够有效延缓视网膜感光细胞的凋亡,并且能减轻视网膜炎症。
根据网络药理学的靶点筛选,为了进一步探究Z-LIG是否能作用于PI3K/AKT通路起到保护作用,对PI3K/AKT以及p-PI3K/p-AKT进行Western blot检测(图6A),结果表明相对于Con组,Z-LIG组p-PI3K/PI3K和p-AKT/AKT均显著降低(P<0.05,图6B、C)。通过RT-qPCR检测表明Z-LIG组的炎症因子(IL-1β、IL-6)基因表达显著低于Con组(P<0.01,图6D;P<0.05,图6E),TNF-α的基因表达两组无明显差异(图6F)。综上所述,Z-LIG可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT途径的磷酸化,进而抑制炎症因子基因的表达,达到保护rd10小鼠视网膜的作用。
RP是一种与炎症有关的遗传性视网膜退行性疾病[17]。炎症一方面清除组织碎片、利于神经再生;另一方面炎性细胞还会产生很多生长因子、细胞因子等对神经细胞起一定保护作用[18-19]。炎症反应可通过激活神经胶质细胞(如星形胶质细胞、施万细胞)启动一系列事件来促进修复及重塑过程[20]。然而炎症也会对神经系统产生许多不利的影响:如TNF-α、IL-1β和IFN-γ等多种炎性介质可以引起神经元凋亡和突触损伤[21];炎症反应可破坏血脑屏障和血视网膜屏障的完整性,使外周循环中的毒性物质和免疫细胞更容易进入中枢神经系统,使神经性炎性反应进一步加剧[22];另外谷氨酸等兴奋性神经递质的大量释放会引起兴奋性毒物,使神经元发生钙离子超载,激活神经元凋亡相关信号通路,从而使神经元受到损伤[23]。小胶质细胞是视网膜内的固有免疫细胞,在RP中被异常激活,研究表明RP患者视网膜中存在肥大的、具有阿米巴样的形态并可迁移到外核层(ONL)以吞噬死去的视杆细胞碎片的小胶质细胞[5]。这种激活过程伴随促炎因子(如TNF-α、IL-1β)和趋化因子(如CCL2)的释放,形成慢性神经炎症微环境[21,24]。有研究表明,RP患者视网膜中激活的小胶质细胞表达MHCⅡ类分子和CD68,提示其参与抗原呈递和促炎反应[5]。此外,小胶质细胞过度激活可能通过释放活性氧(ROS)和一氧化氮(NO)直接损伤锥细胞,导致中央视力丧失[3]。
作为当归有效成分之一的Z-LIG,其通过激活Nrf2/HSP70通路,成功使得脑梗死体积减小25%[25]。在阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型中,它能够通过抑制β-淀粉样蛋白引发的小胶质细胞活化,从而减少Aβ沉积和tau蛋白的磷酸化,改善小鼠在Morris水迷宫测试中的认知功能[10]。而在脊髓损伤模型中,Z-LIG通过抑制小胶质细胞释放TNF-α和IL-1β,减轻机械性痛觉过敏和热痛觉超敏。重复静脉注射Z-LIG可使脊髓组织中促炎因子水平降低50%,并抑制小胶质细胞的阿米巴样形态转化[26]。Z-LIG在缺血性脑卒中、AD、脊髓损伤等多种疾病模型中具有显著作用,根据多途径共同作用以调控神经炎症,抑制小胶质细胞活化以及抗炎相关信号网络通路从而减轻炎症级联反应,缓解神经损伤。
本研究系统探讨了Z-LIG治疗RP的潜在作用机制。通过网络药理学预测了Z-LIG的作用靶点和通路,并通过动物实验验证了其在改善视功能、抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路和减轻炎症反应方面的效果,提出Z-LIG可能通过“PI3K/AKT-炎症轴”发挥视网膜保护作用。
在神经退行性疾病中,PI3K/AKT信号通路扮演着双重角色。一方面,其活化可促进细胞存活[27],但另一方面,在特定病理条件下,其过度活化也可能通过调控mTOR等下游分子,间接促进炎症反应[28]。PI3K/AKT通路与RP的核心病理炎症反应直接相关。本实验证实,Z-LIG能有效抑制该通路的磷酸化活化。
分子对接结果显示,Z-LIG可通过氢键与EGFR、STAT3等核心靶点特异性结合,这些靶点是PI3K/AKT信号通路的关键调控因子。研究表明,EGFR激活可触发PI3K/AKT信号通路[29],而STAT3可直接调控PI3K/AKT的磷酸化过程[30]。本研究观察到Z-LIG处理后,p-PI3K/PI3K和p-AKT/AKT的磷酸化水平显著降低,同时炎症因子表达明显减少,这表明Z-LIG可能通过抑制EGFR和STAT3的活性,进而抑制PI3K/AKT通路的磷酸化,最终减轻炎症反应,发挥对视网膜的保护作用。这一调控机制为Z-LIG治疗RP提供了分子层面的解释。
本研究的独特性在于将这种“共性”机制(抗炎)与“特异性”疾病(RP)的病理特征(光感受器变性)和临床终点(视功能)紧密结合。本研究不仅验证了其疗效,还初步阐明了从核心靶点(如EGFR/STAT3)到关键通路(PI3K/AKT)再到最终效应(炎症减轻、视功能改善)的潜在信号轴,为Z-LIG作为RP的精准干预药物提供了更直接的证据。
本研究也存在局限性。首先,本研究仅使用了单一剂量(40 mg/kg),未来需进行剂量-效应关系研究。其次,机制验证主要集中在PI3K/AKT通路的中游,对上游(如EGFR/STAT3的活性变化)和下游(如mTOR)的检测不足,因果关系论证有待加强。最后,研究模型为小鼠,与人类RP存在种属差异。尽管rd10小鼠是公认的RP研究模型,但后续仍需在人源细胞模型中进行验证。
综上,本研究采用“网络药理学预测→实验验证”的研究策略,与传统“先观察疗效、再追溯机制”的路径有所不同。这种设计基于Z-LIG作为多靶点小分子的特性,能够通过前期预测指导实验方向,提高研究效率,同时确保机制验证与疗效观察的同步性和一致性。本研究为Z-LIG治疗RP提供了有力的证据和新的机制见解。Z-LIG有望成为一种通过调控“PI3K/AKT-炎症轴”来延缓RP进展的潜在治疗药物。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507084
  • 接收时间:2025-07-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-10-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-25
  • 修回日期:2025-09-24
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院眼科,重庆
    2南部战区总医院眼科,广东 广州

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