Article(id=1322954610385760315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954407050092740, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507053, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752681600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-17, revisedDate=1757433600000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346558424, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1760457600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346558424, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346558424, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346558424, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954407050092740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='19', pageStart='2289', pageEnd='2444', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760457600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346509945, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346509945, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2340, endPage=2350, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954610654195772, articleId=1322954610385760315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Ginsenoside Rk3 alleviates retinal pigment epithelial cell senescence by enhancing autophagy
via mTOR inhibition, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of ginsenoside Rk3 in alleviating the senescence of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).
Methods An ARPE-19 cell senescence model induced by hydrogen peroxide and an nAMD mouse model were subjected to validate the pharmacological activity of ginsenoside Rk3 in reducing RPE cell senescence and shrinking choroidal neovascularization (CNV) area. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the changes in differential gene expression profiles. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of mTOR, S6K1, p-S6K1, 4EBP1, p-4EBP1, p62, and LC3A/B. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were conducted to analyze the binding affinity of ginsenoside Rk3 with mTOR protein.
Results ① Cell experiments showed that ginsenoside Rk3 significantly alleviated the senescence in ARPE-19 cells (P<0.05). ② Animal experiments confirmed that ginsenoside Rk3 significantly reduced the retinal CNV area in nAMD mice (P<0.01), and its efficacy was comparable to the first-line clinical drug aflibercept (P>0.05). ③ Transcriptome sequencing suggested that ginsenoside Rk3 led to enrichment of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Western blotting showed that ginsenoside Rk3 inhibited the overactivation of mTORC1 signaling (P<0.05) and simultaneously enhanced cellular autophagy (P<0.05). ④ Molecular docking and dynamics simulations further validated that ginsenoside Rk3 probably targets mTOR to alleviate RPE cell senescence.
Conclusion Ginsenoside Rk3 alleviates RPE cell senescence and reduces retinal CNV area in nAMD mice by enhancing autophagy through inhibition of mTOR.
, authors=Feixiang HE
1, 2, Xuemei LIU
1, Qian TANG
3, Ting LIU
1, authorsList=Feixiang HE, Xuemei LIU, Qian TANG, Ting LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ting LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954612034121799, articleId=1322954610385760315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=人参皂苷Rk3通过抑制mTOR增强细胞自噬减轻视网膜色素上皮细胞衰老, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 探索人参皂苷Rk3在减轻视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelial,RPE)细胞衰老及治疗新生血管性老年性黄斑变性(neovascular age-related macular degeneration,nAMD)的作用及机制。
方法 通过过氧化氢诱导ARPE-19细胞衰老模型和nAMD小鼠模型,验证人参皂苷Rk3减轻RPE细胞衰老和缩小脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)面积的药物活性;通过转录组测序分析差异基因表达谱变化;通过蛋白免疫印迹实验检测mTOR、S6K1、p-S6K1、4EBP1、p-4EBP1、p62、LC3A/B等蛋白的表达水平;通过分子对接和动力学模拟分析人参皂苷Rk3与mTOR蛋白的亲和力。
结果 ①细胞实验发现人参皂苷Rk3显著减轻ARPE-19细胞衰老(P<0.05);②动物实验证实人参皂苷Rk3显著缩小nAMD小鼠视网膜CNV面积(P<0.01),且与临床一线治疗药物阿柏西普效果相当(P>0.05)。③转录组测序提示人参皂苷Rk3导致PI3K-Akt信号通路富集,蛋白免疫印迹实验显示人参皂苷Rk3 可抑制 mTORC1信号的过度激活(P<0.05),同时增强细胞自噬(P<0.05)。④分子对接和动力学模拟研究进一步验证人参皂苷Rk3很可能靶向mTOR蛋白减轻RPE细胞衰老。
结论 人参皂苷Rk3通过抑制mTOR增强细胞自噬,减轻了RPE细胞衰老并缩小了nAMD小鼠视网膜CNV面积。
, authors=赫飞翔
1, 2, 刘雪梅
1, 唐倩
3, 刘莛
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Ginsenoside Rk3 alleviates senescence in ARPE-19 cells, figureFileSmall=Z7xOghRtN5BgNOAaMNjmfA==, figureFileBig=YLE7exrtJE5DN76coSecCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954614416486513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954610385760315, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
人参皂苷Rk3减轻ARPE-19细胞衰老A and B:SA-β-gal staining for the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) on ARPE-19 cell senescence under different concentrations (A) and treatment durations (B); C and D:SA-β-gal staining showing the proportion of senescent ARPE-19 cells in different treatment groups (C) and corresponding statistics analysis (D); E~G:Immunofluorescence staining for the expression of senescence marker proteins p21 (F) and Ki67 (G) in ARPE-19 cells across different treatment groups,along with statistical results; H~K:Expression levels of 4 senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors IL-1β (H),IL-6 (I),CXCL8 (J),and VEGF (K) in different treatment groups. a:P<0.01,b:P<0.05.
, figureFileSmall=Z7xOghRtN5BgNOAaMNjmfA==, figureFileBig=YLE7exrtJE5DN76coSecCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954614580064370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954610385760315, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Ginsenoside Rk3 alleviates CNV area and senescence in a mouse model of nAMD, figureFileSmall=kelX2gvzr3nFEtqyd/YiXg==, figureFileBig=U2AcU37TTFCjprg9ys625g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954614647173235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954610385760315, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
人参皂苷Rk3减轻nAMD小鼠CNV和衰老的活性验证A:Timeline of nAMD mouse modeling,drug administration,and sample collection;B and C:Retinal flat mounts stained with isolectin GS-IB4,showing CNV leakage areas after modeling and drug treatment; sample sizes for the 3 groups were 14,21,and 16,respectively; D and E:SA-β-gal staining of retinal cryosections,indicating the degree of senescence. nAMD:Neovascular age-related macular degeneration; CNV:Choroidal neovascularization; a:P<0.01
, figureFileSmall=kelX2gvzr3nFEtqyd/YiXg==, figureFileBig=U2AcU37TTFCjprg9ys625g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954614722670708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954610385760315, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Ginsenoside Rk3 alleviates senescence in ARPE-19 cells by inhibiting the mTORC1 signaling pathway, figureFileSmall=obON5vj3RH2bxvn+ZjcBaQ==, figureFileBig=wF7ecxB7XpDSC9PyGVi6+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954614844305525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954610385760315, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
人参皂苷Rk3通过抑制mTORC1信号通路减轻ARPE-19细胞衰老A :Bubble plot showing KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes from RNA sequencing; B~G:Western blot analysis of mTOR and phosphorylation of key proteins in its downstream signaling pathway. a:P<0.01,b: P<0.05
, figureFileSmall=obON5vj3RH2bxvn+ZjcBaQ==, figureFileBig=wF7ecxB7XpDSC9PyGVi6+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954614915608694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954610385760315, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Ginsenoside Rk3 enhances autophagy, figureFileSmall=Nn+TGpEg3TlAjQHc7E/gwA==, figureFileBig=xCbosA8HwMPk3qWWLuUNVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954614999494775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954610385760315, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
人参皂苷Rk3增强细胞自噬A~C:Western blot analysis and semi-quantitative analysis of LC3 and P62 protein levels. a:P<0.01
, figureFileSmall=Nn+TGpEg3TlAjQHc7E/gwA==, figureFileBig=xCbosA8HwMPk3qWWLuUNVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954615062409336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954610385760315, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Molecular docking and dynamics simulation validate the binding of ginsenoside Rk3 to mTOR, figureFileSmall=QBgvYXaWsXze+vaBBpQ6Nw==, figureFileBig=LmMiZOim389wbEdbLUGugg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954615137906809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954610385760315, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
分子对接和动力学模拟验证人参皂苷Rk3结合mTOR蛋白A:Two-dimensional and three-dimensional docking modes and interactions between ginsenoside Rk3 and mTOR; B:Molecular dynamics simulation analysis of the ginsenoside Rk3-mTOR protein complex,including root mean square deviation (RMSD),radius of gyration (Rg),number of hydrogen bonds,and energy decomposition.
, figureFileSmall=QBgvYXaWsXze+vaBBpQ6Nw==, figureFileBig=LmMiZOim389wbEdbLUGugg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954615221792890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954610385760315, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Primer sequences for qPCR
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Primer | Primer sequences(5′→3′) |
|---|
| H-CXCL8 | Forward primer:ACTGAGAGTGATTGAGAGTGACC |
| Reverse primer:AACTTCTCCACAACCCTCTGC |
| H-IL-1β | Forward primer:AGGGACAGGATATGGAGCAACAAG |
| Reverse primer:CAGCTGTAGAGTGGGCTTATCATC |
| H-IL-6 | Forward primer:CCTGAACCTTCCAAAGATGGCTG |
| Reverse primer:AGCTCTGGCTTGTTCTCACTAC |
| H-VEGFA | Forward primer:GGAGGGCAGAATCATCACGAAG |
| Reverse primer:GCACACAGGATGGCTTGAAGATG |
| GAPDH | Forward primer:CCTTCCGTGTCCCCACT |
| Reverse primer:GCCTGCTTCACCACCTTC |
), ArticleFig(id=1322954615314067579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954610385760315, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
引物序列
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Primer | Primer sequences(5′→3′) |
|---|
| H-CXCL8 | Forward primer:ACTGAGAGTGATTGAGAGTGACC |
| Reverse primer:AACTTCTCCACAACCCTCTGC |
| H-IL-1β | Forward primer:AGGGACAGGATATGGAGCAACAAG |
| Reverse primer:CAGCTGTAGAGTGGGCTTATCATC |
| H-IL-6 | Forward primer:CCTGAACCTTCCAAAGATGGCTG |
| Reverse primer:AGCTCTGGCTTGTTCTCACTAC |
| H-VEGFA | Forward primer:GGAGGGCAGAATCATCACGAAG |
| Reverse primer:GCACACAGGATGGCTTGAAGATG |
| GAPDH | Forward primer:CCTTCCGTGTCCCCACT |
| Reverse primer:GCCTGCTTCACCACCTTC |
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