Article(id=1322190492406755720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190415911043621, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507031, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751904000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-08, revisedDate=1756742400000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793164378500, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1759161600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793164378500, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793164378500, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793164378500, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322190415911043621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='2145', pageEnd='2288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1759161600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793164360263, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793164574764, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322191316100960652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190415911043621, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322191316105154957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190415911043621, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2211, endPage=2222, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322190492582916489, articleId=1322190492406755720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Regulation and mechanism of
Gm49394 on islet-
β cell apoptosis, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To explore the potential role and underlying mechanism of the functionally uncharacterized gene Gm49394 on regulating β-cell apoptosis under diabetic conditions.
Methods The expression and translational activity of Gm49394 in pancreatic β-cell lines and non-β-cell lines were validated using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence (IF) assay. The β-cell lines (NIT-1/Min6) with Gm49394 overexpression or knockdown were constructed. The proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, as well as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in these β-cell lines under physiological homeostasis or pathological stress conditions, such as high glucose (30 mmol/L), inflammation (10 ng/mL IFN-γ alone or combined with 10 ng/mL IL-6), and hydrogen peroxide (100 μmol/L H2O2) were detected by flow cytometry and Western blotting.
Results RNA-FISH and qPCR indicated that Gm49394 was specifically expressed in pancreatic β-cell lines and up-regulated under high glucose or inflammatory stimulation. IF assay and Western blotting showed that Gm49394 had protein-coding activity. Flow cytometry and Western blotting identified that Gm49394 overexpression did not affect β-cell proliferation, but promoted β-cell apoptosis and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) levels in β cells under physiological homeostasis or pathological stress conditions (P<0.05). Under physiological conditions, Gm49394 knockdown failed to induce significant alterations on β-cell apoptosis, ROS, or MitoSOX levels. Under pathological stress conditions, Gm49394 knockdown significantly suppressed β-cell proliferation, apoptosis, as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress (P<0.05).
Conclusion Gm49394 may promote β-cell apoptosis via oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
, authors=Dong LIU
1, Qingyuan ZHAO
2, Shushu YANG
1, Mengjun ZHANG
3, Jie LI
1, Yuhao LI
1, Li WANG
1, Yuzhang WU
1, authorsList=Dong LIU, Qingyuan ZHAO, Shushu YANG, Mengjun ZHANG, Jie LI, Yuhao LI, Li WANG, Yuzhang WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li WANG, Yuzhang WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322190495485374870, articleId=1322190492406755720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=
Gm49394对胰岛β细胞凋亡的调控及机制研究, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 研究功能未知基因Gm49394参与糖尿病背景下胰岛β细胞凋亡的调控及可能机制。
方法 通过RNA荧光原位杂交技术(RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization,RNA-FISH)、Western blot、免疫荧光染色(immunofluorescence,IF)、实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)检测Gm49394在胰岛β细胞系(NIT-1和Min6)及非胰岛β细胞系(293T、3T3L1、B16、LS174T)的表达及翻译活性;通过构建过表达/敲低稳转细胞株(NIT-1/Min6),在稳态以及葡萄糖(30 mmol/L)、单独IFN-γ(10 ng/mL)或联合IL-6(10 ng/mL)、H2O2(100 μmol/L)等病理应激条件下,采用流式细胞术和Western blot检测β细胞增殖、凋亡、线粒体功能,及氧化应激和内质网应激标志。
结果 RNA-FISH和qPCR结果显示基因Gm49394在胰岛β细胞系中特异性表达,并受高糖或炎症因子刺激而上调;IF及Western blot结果显示Gm49394具有蛋白编码活性;流式细胞术和Western blot结果显示Gm49394过表达不影响β细胞增殖,但显著促进稳态和病理应激条件下的β细胞凋亡,并增加活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)及线粒体超氧化物(mitochondrial superoxide,MitoSOX)水平(P<0.05);稳态条件下,Gm49394敲低对β细胞增殖、凋亡、ROS及MitoSOX均无显著影响,但Gm49394敲低能显著抑制病理应激条件下的β细胞凋亡,同时显著抑制氧化应激和内质网应激(P<0.05)。
结论 基因Gm49394可能通过氧化应激和内质网应激促进胰岛β细胞的凋亡。
, authors=刘东
1, 赵清远
2, 杨数数
1, 张梦军
3, 黎婕
1, 李雨浩
1, 王莉
1, 吴玉章
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1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190495724450201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, companyId=1322190495707672983, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):基础医学院免疫学教研室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322190495804141978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190495812530587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, companyId=1322190495804141978, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Department of Laboratory Animal Science,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190495820919196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, companyId=1322190495804141978, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2实验动物学教研室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322190495879639453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190495888028062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, companyId=1322190495879639453, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190495896416671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, companyId=1322190495879639453, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3药学与检验医学系药物分析学教研室,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322190500279464402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Validation of the translational activity of Gm49394 in cells, figureFileSmall=lQ9Oo+/H8cEFwY4Zbuq3jw==, figureFileBig=9zpZtMKvNWVJx6bb1LzHNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190500338184659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
Gm49394在细胞中的翻译活性验证A:Schematic representation of the genomic localization of Gm49394 in the mouse and human genomes,along with its relationship with adjacent genes. Boxes represent exons; Light green boxes indicate non-coding exons; Dark green boxes represent coding regions; Purple boxes denote non-coding RNAs; Lines represent introns; Arrowhead symbols indicate transcriptional or translational direction. B:Schematic diagram comparing the predicted amino acid lengths of the protein encoded by Gm49394 and its homolog in UniProt. Red segments represent overlapping protein sequences. C:Expression of Gm49394 in 293T cells as detected by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH). D:Western blot analysis of Gm49394-3Flag expression levels in 293T cells transfected with different expression constructs. E:Immunofluorescence analysis of Gm49394-3Flag expression in 293T cells transfected with different expression vectors
, figureFileSmall=lQ9Oo+/H8cEFwY4Zbuq3jw==, figureFileBig=9zpZtMKvNWVJx6bb1LzHNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190500677923286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Expression profiles of Gm49394 across various cell lines, figureFileSmall=rzPJFKjBjcwid+jPJcWB0g==, figureFileBig=Wrk6d8LC1YV0NkkFoU0qFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190500749226455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
Gm49394在不同细胞系中的表达情况A:Localization of Gm49394 in NIT-1 cells by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH); B:Expression levels of Gm49394 in NIT-1 cells and other cell lines using quantitative PCR (qPCR); C and D:Gm49394 expression levels in NIT-1 cells under stimulation with high glucose (30 mmol/L) or the inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ (10 ng/mL) as measured by qPCR. a:P<0.05
, figureFileSmall=rzPJFKjBjcwid+jPJcWB0g==, figureFileBig=Wrk6d8LC1YV0NkkFoU0qFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190500963135960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Effects of Gm49394 overexpression on NIT-1 cells, figureFileSmall=yE19un0FUwhi9CV94p+Q8w==, figureFileBig=KAbZ1rid7WHYA5eKBLWsuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190501030244825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
Gm49394过表达对NIT-1细胞的影响A:Proliferation of NIT-1 cells in the Gm49394-OE group compared to the Gm49394-EV group under basal conditions; B,D and F:Apoptotic rates in Gm49394-OE and Gm49394-EV NIT-1 cells under basal,high glucose (30 mmol/L),or cytokine stimulation (10 ng/mL IFN-γ + 10 ng/mL IL-6) conditions; C,E and G:Productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX)in Gm49394-OE and Gm49394-EV NIT-1 cells under basal,high glucose,or cytokine stimulation conditions. a:P<0.05,b:P <0.01,c:P <0.001
, figureFileSmall=yE19un0FUwhi9CV94p+Q8w==, figureFileBig=KAbZ1rid7WHYA5eKBLWsuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190501114130906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Effects of Gm49394 Knockdown on β-cell lines under physiological homeostasis, figureFileSmall=yJKwhrrew73ta0AA5K2lPA==, figureFileBig=+ObPreQG/8lWGYAI6eUKzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190501437092315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
Gm49394敲低在稳态条件下对β细胞系的影响A:Proliferation of NIT-1 cells in the Gm49394-KD group versus the NC group under basal conditions; B:Apoptotic rates in Gm49394-KD and NC NIT-1 cells under basal conditions; C:Productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) in Gm49394-KD and NC NIT-1 cells under basal conditions
, figureFileSmall=yJKwhrrew73ta0AA5K2lPA==, figureFileBig=+ObPreQG/8lWGYAI6eUKzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190501520978396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Gm49394 knockdown exerts significant protection against β-cell apoptosis induced by pathological environmental factors, figureFileSmall=BmoCfkykNY2NWMmbce7PBg==, figureFileBig=SGKxAkiVAmVD0Fo4CMOjvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190501810385373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
Gm49394敲低显著保护病理环境因素诱导的β细胞凋亡A,C and E:Apoptotic rates in Gm49394-KD and NC NIT-1 cells under high glucose,inflammatory cytokine,or H₂O₂ stimulation conditions; B,D and F:Productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) in Gm49394-KD and NC NIT-1 cells under high glucose,inflammatory cytokine,or H₂O₂ stimulation. a:P<0.05,b:P <0.01
, figureFileSmall=BmoCfkykNY2NWMmbce7PBg==, figureFileBig=SGKxAkiVAmVD0Fo4CMOjvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190501894271454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Gm49394 knockdown alleviates oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in β-cells, figureFileSmall=mT3xVUC1dTeCLn2AO+hniQ==, figureFileBig=4CNDqyeHXIjM7dvf5yvj7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190502217232863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
Gm49394敲低缓解β细胞的氧化应激和内质网应激A:Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins in Gm49394-KD and NC NIT-1 cells under H₂O₂ stimulation; B:Western blot analysis of oxidative stress (OS)-related proteins in Gm49394-KD and NC NIT-1 cells under H₂O₂ stimulation; C:Western blot analysis of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins in Gm49394-KD and NC NIT-1 cells under H₂O₂ stimulation a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01
, figureFileSmall=mT3xVUC1dTeCLn2AO+hniQ==, figureFileBig=4CNDqyeHXIjM7dvf5yvj7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190503899148769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Plasmid vectors and nucleic acid sequences
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Gene | Plasmid name | Sequence(5′→3′) |
|---|
| Gm49394 | - | ATGCACGCTCTAAAACTCCCTCTCACCGTCTCTTCAGACTCAGACTCAGCCCCTTCCAGCCCCGCCGCAACATCGTCGCCCCGGCTGGAGGGCCCGGGCACCACAACCAGAGCACCCCCTGCTTTGGAGGGGGCTGCTAATATTGACCCAGCCAGCGGATCATCGTCCGGGCAATTTCGGAAGAGAATCTTGGGCACCAGTGACTCCCCGGTCCTCTTTATCCACCGTCCGGGAACTTCAGGAACTACGAAGCGACTAGAGTACAGGTAA |
| Gm49394-OE | pLVX-CMV-PURO | ATGCACGCTCTAAAACTCCCTCTCACCGTCTCTTCAGACTCAGACTCAGCCCCTTCCAGCCCCGCCGCAACATCGTCGCCCCGGCTGGAGGGCCCGGGCACCACAACCAGAGCACCCCCTGCTTTGGAGGGGGCTGCTAATATTGACCCAGCCAGCGGATCATCGTCCGGGCAATTTCGGAAGAGAATCTTGGGCACCAGTGACTCCCCGGTCCTCTTTATCCACCGTCCGGGAACTTCAGGAACTACGAAGCGACTAGAGTACAGGGAATTCGATTACAAGGATGACGACGATAAGGACTATAAGGACGATGATGACAAGGACTACAAAGATGATGACGATAAATGA |
| Gm49394-shRNA | pLVX-U6-PURO | GATCGGGGCAATTTCGGAAGAGAATCCTCGAGGATTCTCTTCCGAAATTGCCCTTTTTT |
), ArticleFig(id=1322190503974646242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190492406755720, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
各质粒载体及核酸序列
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Gene | Plasmid name | Sequence(5′→3′) |
|---|
| Gm49394 | - | ATGCACGCTCTAAAACTCCCTCTCACCGTCTCTTCAGACTCAGACTCAGCCCCTTCCAGCCCCGCCGCAACATCGTCGCCCCGGCTGGAGGGCCCGGGCACCACAACCAGAGCACCCCCTGCTTTGGAGGGGGCTGCTAATATTGACCCAGCCAGCGGATCATCGTCCGGGCAATTTCGGAAGAGAATCTTGGGCACCAGTGACTCCCCGGTCCTCTTTATCCACCGTCCGGGAACTTCAGGAACTACGAAGCGACTAGAGTACAGGTAA |
| Gm49394-OE | pLVX-CMV-PURO | ATGCACGCTCTAAAACTCCCTCTCACCGTCTCTTCAGACTCAGACTCAGCCCCTTCCAGCCCCGCCGCAACATCGTCGCCCCGGCTGGAGGGCCCGGGCACCACAACCAGAGCACCCCCTGCTTTGGAGGGGGCTGCTAATATTGACCCAGCCAGCGGATCATCGTCCGGGCAATTTCGGAAGAGAATCTTGGGCACCAGTGACTCCCCGGTCCTCTTTATCCACCGTCCGGGAACTTCAGGAACTACGAAGCGACTAGAGTACAGGGAATTCGATTACAAGGATGACGACGATAAGGACTATAAGGACGATGATGACAAGGACTACAAAGATGATGACGATAAATGA |
| Gm49394-shRNA | pLVX-U6-PURO | GATCGGGGCAATTTCGGAAGAGAATCCTCGAGGATTCTCTTCCGAAATTGCCCTTTTTT |
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