Article(id=1322190655862985620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190415911043621, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202506038, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749657600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-12, revisedDate=1753027200000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793164417471, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1759161600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793164417471, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793164417471, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793164417471, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322190415911043621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='2145', pageEnd='2288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1759161600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793164360263, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793164574764, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322191316100960652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190415911043621, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322191316105154957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190415911043621, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2197, endPage=2210, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322190656202724245, articleId=1322190655862985620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Saikosaponin A affects differentiation and function of M1/M2 macrophages by regulating NF-κB and STAT6 signaling pathways, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To investigate the effect of Saikosaponin A (SSA) on the differentiation, apoptosis and function of mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM)-derived M1/M2 macrophages, and to explore its molecular mechanism.
Methods BMDM was induced to differentiate into M1/M2 macrophages in vitro, and SSA was added at the same time: CCK-8 assay was used to detect the viability of BMDM and M1/M2 macrophages. The morphology of M1/M2 macrophages was observed by inverted fluorescence microscopy. Flow cytometry (FCM) and ELISA were used to detect the levels of surface markers and cytokines in M1/M2 macrophages. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α and arginase-1 (Arg-1). FCM was used to detect the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages to fluorescent microsphere particles. Immunofluorescence (IF) assay and Western blotting were used to detect the molecular mechanism of SSA regulating M1/M2 macrophages.
Results No significant effect on viability of M1/M2 macrophages was observed at SSA concentration of 10.0 mg/L, and obvious inhibition was seen at a concentration of 15.0 mg/L (P<0.01). Treatment of 10.0 mg/L SSA induced obvious morphologic changes in M1/M2 macrophages, with M1 macrophages in irregular shape, a few having pseudopods, and some showing unclear boundaries; while some M2 macrophages presenting round or irregular (P<0.001) with unclear boundaries. SSA treatment also resulted in significantly decreased proportion of M1/M2 macrophages after BMDM differentiation (P<0.05), with reduced contents of IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by M1 macrophages and their mRNA levels (P<0.05), but increased secretion of Arg-1 and mRNA levels by M2 macrophages (P<0.05). SSA treatment also inhibited the phagocytosis ability of peritoneal macrophages to fluorescent microsphere particles (P<0.01) in a concentration-dependent manner. SSA decreased the phosphorylation of NF-kappaB (p-NF-κB) (P<0.01) and enhanced the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (p-STAT6) in M2 macrophages (P<0.05).
Conclusion SSA may affect the differentiation and function of M1/M2 macrophages by regulating NF-κB and STAT6 signaling pathways.
, authors=Zhao CUI, Yating SHU, Fan LEI, Meiyu PENG, authorsList=Zhao CUI, Yating SHU, Fan LEI, Meiyu PENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Meiyu PENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322190660048901035, articleId=1322190655862985620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=柴胡皂苷A通过调控NF-κB和STAT6信号通路影响M1/M2型巨噬细胞的分化和功能, columnId=1320434418343329969, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 研究柴胡皂苷A(saikosaponin A,SSA)对小鼠骨髓源性巨噬细胞(bone marrow derived macrophage,BMDM)M1/M2型巨噬细胞分化、凋亡和功能的影响,并探究其分子机制。
方法 体外诱导BMDM分别向M1/M2型巨噬细胞分化,并同时加入SSA处理后:CCK-8检测BMDM、M1/M2型巨噬细胞的活性;倒置荧光显微镜观察M1/M2型巨噬细胞形态;流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)和ELISA法检测M1/M2型巨噬细胞表面标志物和细胞因子水平;实时荧光定量PCR(real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,qPCR)检测IL-6、TNF-α、精氨酸酶-1(arginase-1,Arg-1)的mRNA水平;FCM检测腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬荧光微球颗粒的能力;免疫组织荧光染色(immunofluorescence,IF)和Western blot检测SSA调控M1/M2型巨噬细胞的分子机制。
结果 SSA浓度在10.0 mg/L范围内对细胞活性无明显影响,SSA浓度15.0 mg/L时,M1/M2型巨噬细胞活性均受到明显抑制(P<0.01);10.0 mg/L SSA处理后的M1/M2型巨噬细胞形态发生变化,M1型巨噬细胞出现纺锤状或不规则形,少数细胞具有伪足,部分细胞边界不清;M2型巨噬细胞部分变为类圆形或者不规则形(P<0.001),边界不清楚。SSA处理后BMDM分化为M1/M2型巨噬细胞的比例均显著降低(P<0.05),且M1型巨噬细胞分泌IL-6、TNF-α的水平和其mRNA水平均显著降低(P<0.05),但M2型巨噬细胞分泌Arg-1和其mRNA水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。SSA可降低腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬荧光微球颗粒的能力(P<0.01),且具有浓度依赖性。SSA可降低M1型巨噬细胞磷酸化核转录因子-κB(phosphorylation of NF-kappaB,p-NF-κB)(P<0.01),提高M2型巨噬细胞磷酸化信号转导和转录激活因子6(phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6,p-STAT6)(P<0.05)。
结论 SSA可能通过调控NF-κB和STAT6信号通路来影响M1/M2型巨噬细胞的分化和功能。
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30(8):2005-2016., articleTitle=TRAF3/STAT6 axis regulates macrophage polarization and tumor progression, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322190660459942828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190660472525741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, companyId=1322190660459942828, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Diseases Research in University of Shandong Province,School of Basic Medical Science,Shandong Second Medical University,Weifang,Shandong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190660489302958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, companyId=1322190660459942828, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1山东第二医科大学,山东省高等学校免疫微环境与炎症性疾病研究特色实验室,山东 潍坊)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322190668814996431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Effects of SSA on the viability of BMDM and M1/M2 macrophages (n=5, ±s), figureFileSmall=KzQk2S0p291H0pOx/tW6Dw==, figureFileBig=VtmadoNZsVFO01X2z43Wpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190668886299600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
SSA对BMDM、M1/M2型巨噬细胞活性的影响 (n=5, ±s)a:P<0.01,b:P<0.001,compared with the 0 mg/L SSA group. A:Effect of SSA on BMDM activity; B:Effect of SSA on M1 macrophage viability; C:Effect of SSA on M2 macrophage viability
, figureFileSmall=KzQk2S0p291H0pOx/tW6Dw==, figureFileBig=VtmadoNZsVFO01X2z43Wpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190669184095185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Effects of SSA on the morphology of M1/M2 macrophages (n=5, ±s), figureFileSmall=1Y1AdGX4LfwdDqkMCKICVQ==, figureFileBig=VHuWgSrl9fKcWZVgrQrKmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190669284758482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
SSA对M1/M2型巨噬细胞形态的影响 (n=5, ±s)a:P<0.001,compared with the 0 mg/L SSA group. A:BMDM,M1 macrophages,M1 macrophages after SSA treatment; B:Proportion of irregular cells in M1 macrophage before and after SSA treatment; C:Proportion of spindle cells in M2 macrophage before and after SSA treatment
, figureFileSmall=1Y1AdGX4LfwdDqkMCKICVQ==, figureFileBig=VHuWgSrl9fKcWZVgrQrKmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190669364450259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Effect of SSA on differentiation of M1 macrophages (n=6, ±s), figureFileSmall=+YWnmeIGbJHWvVPWQ3dnOA==, figureFileBig=HgH3h34/VSSTsYfbelPNvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190669435753428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
SSA对M1型巨噬细胞分化的影响 (n=6, ±s)A:Gating strategy of macrophage:Exclude doublets; F4/80 and CD11b co-marked the BMDM population; B:typical flow cytometry of M1 macrophage marker CD86; C:typical flow cytometry of M1 macrophage marker MHC-Ⅱ; D:percentage of CD86 expression in BMDM; E:percentage of MHC-Ⅱ. expression in BMDM. a:P<0.001,compared with the 0 mg/L SSA group
, figureFileSmall=+YWnmeIGbJHWvVPWQ3dnOA==, figureFileBig=HgH3h34/VSSTsYfbelPNvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190669507056597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Effect of SSA on differentiation of M2 macrophages, figureFileSmall=8zBBM3jD5gJyhDw1CxPcmQ==, figureFileBig=VLmXLdkmnd14idDeyD1stA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190669666440150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
SSA对M2型巨噬细胞分化的影响A:Gating strategy of M2 macrophage:Exclude doublets; The BMDM population was gated by F4/80 and CD11b co-markers; B:Typical flow cytometry of M2 macrophage marker CD206; C:typical flow cytometry of M2 macrophage marker CD163; D:percentage of CD206 expression in BMDM (n=6,±s); E:Percentage of CD163 expression in BMDM (n=5,±s). a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01,c:P<0.001,compared with the 0 mg/L SSA group
, figureFileSmall=8zBBM3jD5gJyhDw1CxPcmQ==, figureFileBig=VLmXLdkmnd14idDeyD1stA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190669750326231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Effect of SSA on M1 macrophage function, figureFileSmall=C6Bkn3lJhLj3n2MiOLND1g==, figureFileBig=IHtbtxpDU/eIYQkIWnwQMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190669821629400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
SSA对M1型巨噬细胞功能的影响A:Typical flow cytometry diagram of M1 macrophage secreting TNF-α; B:Percentage of TNF-α secreted by M1 macrophages (n=6,±s); C:mRNA expression level of TNF-α in M1 macrophages (n=5,±s); D:Expression level of IL-6 secreted by M1 macrophages (n=5,±s); E:mRNA expression level of IL-6 in M1 macrophages (n=5,±s). a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01 ,c:P<0.001,compared with the 0 mg/L SSA group
, figureFileSmall=C6Bkn3lJhLj3n2MiOLND1g==, figureFileBig=IHtbtxpDU/eIYQkIWnwQMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190670039733209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Effect of SSA on M2 macrophage function, figureFileSmall=xUVXwfkY/QEq7FLfe0+3WA==, figureFileBig=hGZcvmeYK0oKm8XjPCyCwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190670102647770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
SSA对M2型巨噬细胞功能的影响A:Typical flow cytometry diagram of M2 macrophage secreting Arg-1; B:MFI secreted by M2 macrophages (n=6,±s); C:mRNA expression level of Arg-1 in M2 macrophages(n=4,±s). a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01,compared with the 0 mg/L SSA group
, figureFileSmall=xUVXwfkY/QEq7FLfe0+3WA==, figureFileBig=hGZcvmeYK0oKm8XjPCyCwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190670173950939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=
Effect of SSA on phagocytic granule function in peritoneal macrophages (n=5, ±s), figureFileSmall=mqH/Kn7DNoIG9pCZuYJsrg==, figureFileBig=3+OztUDloJK6HCZRNjYDRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190670232671196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
SSA对腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬颗粒功能的影响 (n=5, ±s)A:Typical flow cytometry representation of peritoneal macrophages engulfing FITC fluorescent microspheres; B:Percentage of peritoneal macrophages engulfing fluorescent microspheres. a:P<0.01,b:P<0.001,compared with the 0 mg/L SSA group
, figureFileSmall=mqH/Kn7DNoIG9pCZuYJsrg==, figureFileBig=3+OztUDloJK6HCZRNjYDRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190671885226973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=
Effect of SSA on M1 macrophage p-p65, figureFileSmall=IqiyBu5dXGUVfZynxUUtUQ==, figureFileBig=lhcvdfTxNWBFQw9+xouf/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190671960724446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
SSA对M1型巨噬细胞p-p65的影响A:Typical fluorescence representation of M1 macrophage p-p65
, figureFileSmall=IqiyBu5dXGUVfZynxUUtUQ==, figureFileBig=lhcvdfTxNWBFQw9+xouf/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190672019444704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=EN, label=Figure 8(continued), caption=
Effect of SSA on M1 macrophage p-p65, figureFileSmall=WvN6T8eq1ImtlET3Wb1YBg==, figureFileBig=iwHL3J0rbPTRbwTPQsk9TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190672099136482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=CN, label=续图8, caption=
SSA对M1型巨噬细胞p-p65的影响B:Positive area of p-p65 in M1 macrophages (n=4, ±s); C:Typical Western blot representative diagram of M1 macrophage p-p65; D:Expression level of p-p65 phosphorylation in M1 macrophages (n=5, ±s). a:P<0.01,compared with the 0 mg/L SSA group
, figureFileSmall=WvN6T8eq1ImtlET3Wb1YBg==, figureFileBig=iwHL3J0rbPTRbwTPQsk9TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190672187216867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=
Effect of SSA on p-STAT6 in M2 macrophages, figureFileSmall=bcoKODV9ilWT19f3Q+IF8A==, figureFileBig=UfFz48G6OajtOKrkWzHMvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190672250131428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
SSA对M2型巨噬细胞p-STAT6的影响A:Typical fluorescence representation of p-STAT6 in M2 macrophages; B:Positive area of p-STAT6 in M2 macrophages (n=5,±s); C:Typical Western blot representative diagram of p-STAT6 in M2 macrophages; D:Expression level of STAT6 phosphorylation in M2 macrophages (n=5, ±s). a:P<0.05,b:P<0.001,compared with the 0 mg/L SSA group
, figureFileSmall=bcoKODV9ilWT19f3Q+IF8A==, figureFileBig=UfFz48G6OajtOKrkWzHMvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190672304657381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Primer sequences of target genes
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Primer | Up/Down Stream | Sequences(5′→3′) |
|---|
| GAPDH | Upstream | TGTCTCCTGCGACTTCAACA |
| Downstream | GGTGGTCCAGGGTTTCTTACT |
| IL-6 | Upstream | CTTCTTGGGACTGATGCTGGT |
| Downstream | CTCTGTGAAGTCTCCTCTCCG |
| TNF-α | Upstream | AGCCGATGGGTTGTACCTTG |
| Downstream | ATAGCAAATCGGCTGACGGT |
| Arg-1 | Upstream | TGTCCCTAATGACAGCTCCTT |
| Downstream | GCATCCACCCAAATGACACAT |
| IL-10 | Upstream | GCTCTTGCACTACCAAAGCC |
| Downstream | CTGCTGATCCTCATGCCAGT |
), ArticleFig(id=1322190672405320678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190655862985620, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
目的基因引物序列
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Primer | Up/Down Stream | Sequences(5′→3′) |
|---|
| GAPDH | Upstream | TGTCTCCTGCGACTTCAACA |
| Downstream | GGTGGTCCAGGGTTTCTTACT |
| IL-6 | Upstream | CTTCTTGGGACTGATGCTGGT |
| Downstream | CTCTGTGAAGTCTCCTCTCCG |
| TNF-α | Upstream | AGCCGATGGGTTGTACCTTG |
| Downstream | ATAGCAAATCGGCTGACGGT |
| Arg-1 | Upstream | TGTCCCTAATGACAGCTCCTT |
| Downstream | GCATCCACCCAAATGACACAT |
| IL-10 | Upstream | GCTCTTGCACTACCAAAGCC |
| Downstream | CTGCTGATCCTCATGCCAGT |
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