Article(id=1322954522951299385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322954356680696647, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202506020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749225600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-07, revisedDate=1758643200000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793346537577, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1761753600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793346537577, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793346537577, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793346537577, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322954356680696647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='20', pageStart='2445', pageEnd='2580', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761753600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793346497936, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793346497936, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2512, endPage=2521, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322954523144237370, articleId=1322954522951299385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Quantitative assessment of early lumbar disc degeneration in patients with low back pain by T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To quantitatively evaluate age-, sex-, and segment-related characteristics of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) in patients with low back pain (LBP) using T1rho MRI, and assess its diagnostic value in early-stage disc degeneration.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 LBP patients (balanced distribution across ages 20~29, 30~39, 40~49, 50~59 years and genders) admitted in Department of Orthopedics of First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from March 2024 to February 2025. All patients underwent lumbar MRI including T1rho sequences. Two senior radiologists performed blinded Pfirrmann grading on 445 intervertebral discs and measured T1rho values of the nucleus pulposus (NP). Kappa test was used to evaluate the inter-observer agreement of Pfirrmann grading, and Spearman correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the correlation between Pfirrmann grade and NP-T1rho value. Disc degeneration characteristics were compared across different ages, sexes, and spinal segments. After adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and gender, partial correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between NP-T1rho value of each lumbar segment and age. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the diagnostic performance of T1rho quantification for early LDD in LBP patients.

Results

Good inter-observer agreement was observed in Pfirrmann grading across segments, with a Kappa coefficient of >0.70. The NP-T1rho values of all NP were in a strong negative correlation with Pfirrmann grades (r=-0.877, P<0.001). The NP-T1rho values were progressively decreased from Pfirrmann gradesⅠ to Ⅳ (P<0.001), with a steep decline between gradesⅡ and Ⅲ. The patients aged 20~29 and 30~39 years showed significantly higher NP-T1rho values in Pfirrmann grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ discs when compared with those aged 40~49 and 50~59 years (P<0.05). The males had significantly higher mean NP-T1rho values in grade I than the females (P=0.006). In the upper spinal segments (L1~L4), the males exhibited significantly higher mean NP-T1rho value than the females (P=0.025), and NP-T1rho value was decreased obviously with increase of age across all age groups (P<0.05). Except L5/S1 segments, NP-T1rho value and age in all spinal segments had significant negative correlations (r=-0.548~-0.349, P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for distinguishing grade Ⅰ from Ⅱ discs was 0.824 (95%CI: 0.772~0.876), and for grades Ⅱ from Ⅲ was 0.978 (95%CI: 0.964~0.992).

Conclusion

T1rho MRI provides accurate quantitative assessment of early lumbar disc degeneration in LBP patients, with an NP-T1rho value of 79.87 ms serving as a discriminative threshold between grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ.

, authors=Min HE1, 2, Yali DENG2, Jiafei CHEN2, Tianyong HOU3, Wei CHEN2, Zhiwei ZHANG1, authorsList=Min HE, Yali DENG, Jiafei CHEN, Tianyong HOU, Wei CHEN, Zhiwei ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhiwei ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322954525904089413, articleId=1322954522951299385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=T1rho磁共振技术定量评估腰痛患者椎间盘早期退行性改变, columnId=1320435175822050102, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=论著·临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

利用T1rho磁共振技术定量评估不同年龄、性别、节段腰痛(low back pain,LBP)患者的腰椎间盘退变(lumbar disc degeneration,LDD)特征,并分析其在椎间盘早期退行性改变中的诊断价值。

方法

采用回顾性横断面研究方法,收集2024年3月至2025年2月于陆军军医大学第一附属医院骨科就诊的LBP患者89例,其中20~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁各年龄段及性别人数分布均衡。所有患者于陆军军医大学第一附属医院放射科行包含T1rho序列在内的腰椎MRI检查,2名高年资放射医师采用盲法对445个椎间盘进行Pfirrmann分级,测量髓核(nucleus pulposus,NP)T1rho值。利用Kappa检验评估2名医师的椎间盘分级一致性,使用Spearman相关系数评估Pfirrmann分级与NP-T1rho值之间的相关性,比较不同年龄、性别、腰椎节段间NP-T1rho值差异性。调整BMI和性别因素,通过偏相关分析各腰椎节段NP-T1rho值与年龄的相关性。利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估T1rho定量技术对LBP患者早期LDD的诊断性能。

结果

2名医师对不同节段的Pfirrmann分级一致性良好(Kappa系数均>0.70)。所有椎间盘NP-T1rho均值与Pfirrmann分级呈显著负相关(r=-0.877,P<0.001)。Pfirrmann Ⅰ~Ⅳ级椎间盘NP-TIrho均值依次递减(P<0.001),且在Ⅱ~Ⅲ级间呈陡降趋势。20~29岁、30~39岁年龄段LBP患者在Pfirrmann Ⅰ、Ⅱ级别中NP-T1rho均值均显著高于40~49岁、50~59岁年龄段(P<0.05),男性LBP患者在Pfirrmann Ⅰ级别中的NP-T1rho均值显著大于女性(P=0.006)。上腰段(L1~L4)椎间盘中,男性NP-T1rho均值显著大于女性(P=0.025),且各年龄段NP-T1rho均值随年龄增大依次递减,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除L5/S1节段外,各节段NP-T1rho均值与年龄之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.548~-0.349,P<0.001)。椎间盘NP-T1rho均值在Ⅰ、Ⅱ级别之间曲线下面积(AUC)为0.824(95%CI:0.772~0.876),Ⅱ、Ⅲ级之间AUC为0.978(95%CI:0.964~0.992)。

结论

T1rho磁共振技术可准确定量评估腰椎间盘早期退变,79.87 ms的NP-T1rho值为Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级之间的重要阈值。

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张志伟,E-mail:
ZHANG Zhiwei,E-mail:
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J Orthop Surg Res,2025,20(1):356., articleTitle=Hounsfield unit correlates with intervertebral disc degeneration in premenopausal and menopausal women:a radiological study, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322954526113804614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954526122193223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, companyId=1322954526113804614, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Radiology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954526130581832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, companyId=1322954526113804614, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1重庆医科大学附属第一医院放射科, 重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322954526201885001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954526210273610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, companyId=1322954526201885001, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Radiology,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954526222856523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, companyId=1322954526201885001, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院 放射科 重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322954526289965388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954526298353997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, companyId=1322954526289965388, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Radiology,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322954526306742606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, companyId=1322954526289965388, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院 骨科,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322954528408088953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Schematic image of measuring NP-T1rho value in lumbar intervertebral discs, figureFileSmall=XVKqqw7mPOud5rywz5uBYw==, figureFileBig=uS8UVhYH46cP70bw/AZ6xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954528475197818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=CN, label=图1, caption=腰椎间盘NP-T1rho值测量示意图, figureFileSmall=XVKqqw7mPOud5rywz5uBYw==, figureFileBig=uS8UVhYH46cP70bw/AZ6xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954530207445372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Relationship between Pfirrmann grade and NP-T1rho value, figureFileSmall=n5DmpXq/zKp1cguJrW1hyQ==, figureFileBig=yjpFove32VRHQmLoQZdCxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954530270359933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=CN, label=图2, caption=椎间盘Pfirrmann分级与NP-T1rho值之间关系, figureFileSmall=n5DmpXq/zKp1cguJrW1hyQ==, figureFileBig=yjpFove32VRHQmLoQZdCxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954530329080190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=NP-T1rho values in different ages and sexes, figureFileSmall=gboZPXpJ3YnY5MfP5seiDw==, figureFileBig=C7H+8cTlALv3/2knC5FEPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954530396189055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同年龄、性别在不同等级椎间盘中NP-T1rho值

A:NP-T1rho values in different ages; B:NP-T1rho values in different sexes

, figureFileSmall=gboZPXpJ3YnY5MfP5seiDw==, figureFileBig=C7H+8cTlALv3/2knC5FEPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954530459103616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Correlations between NP-T1rho value and age in different lumbar segments, figureFileSmall=CHKDH/7QOvXQ3xzjvrVKTA==, figureFileBig=fs6IpOnvsMpfhMQowlRFSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954530517823873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同腰椎节段NP-T1rho值与年龄相关性分析

A~D:Scatter plots of NP-T1rho value and age in L1/2 (A),L2/3 (B),L3/4 (C) and L4/5 (D) segments intervertebral discs

, figureFileSmall=CHKDH/7QOvXQ3xzjvrVKTA==, figureFileBig=fs6IpOnvsMpfhMQowlRFSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954530576544130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Diagnostic performance of NP-T1rho value in lumbar disc degeneration(LDD), figureFileSmall=6e3vYf0VW6mWXYNtTu8pig==, figureFileBig=8UcdSpTY68CXnaNFu70UTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954530639458691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=CN, label=图5, caption=NP-T1rho值在LDD中的诊断性能分析

A:ROC curves for each Pfirrmann grade on the One-vs-Rest model; B:ROC curves between adjacent Pfirrmann grades on the One-vs-One model

, figureFileSmall=6e3vYf0VW6mWXYNtTu8pig==, figureFileBig=8UcdSpTY68CXnaNFu70UTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322954530714956164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of Pfirrmann grades across lumbar intervertebral disc segments [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GradeL1/2L2/3L3/4L4/5L5/S1
Ⅰ15(16.85)16(17.98)25(28.09)17(19.10)6(6.74)
Ⅱ67(75.28)54(60.67)38(42.70)17(19.10)15(16.85)
Ⅲ7(7.87)13(14.61)16(17.98)20(22.47)15(16.85)
Ⅳ05(5.62)10(11.24)33(37.08)43(48.31)
Ⅴ01(1.12)02(2.25)10(11.24)
), ArticleFig(id=1322954530782065029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322954522951299385, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各腰椎节段椎间盘Pfirrmann等级分布 [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GradeL1/2L2/3L3/4L4/5L5/S1
Ⅰ15(16.85)16(17.98)25(28.09)17(19.10)6(6.74)
Ⅱ67(75.28)54(60.67)38(42.70)17(19.10)15(16.85)
Ⅲ7(7.87)13(14.61)16(17.98)20(22.47)15(16.85)
Ⅳ05(5.62)10(11.24)33(37.08)43(48.31)
Ⅴ01(1.12)02(2.25)10(11.24)
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T1rho磁共振技术定量评估腰痛患者椎间盘早期退行性改变
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何敏 1, 2 , 邓亚利 2 , 陈家飞 2 , 侯天勇 3 , 陈伟 2 , 张志伟 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 论著·临床医学 2025,47(20): 2512-2521
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陆军军医大学学报 |论著·临床医学 2025 , 47 (20) : 2512 -2521
T1rho磁共振技术定量评估腰痛患者椎间盘早期退行性改变
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何敏1, 2, 邓亚利2, 陈家飞2, 侯天勇3, 陈伟2, 张志伟1
作者信息
  • 1重庆医科大学附属第一医院放射科, 重庆
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院 放射科 重庆
  • 3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院 骨科,重庆
通讯作者:
张志伟,E-mail:
ZHANG Zhiwei,E-mail:
Quantitative assessment of early lumbar disc degeneration in patients with low back pain by T1rho magnetic resonance imaging
Min HE1, 2, Yali DENG2, Jiafei CHEN2, Tianyong HOU3, Wei CHEN2, Zhiwei ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Radiology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing
  • 2Department of Radiology,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
  • 3Department of Radiology,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-10-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202506020
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目的

利用T1rho磁共振技术定量评估不同年龄、性别、节段腰痛(low back pain,LBP)患者的腰椎间盘退变(lumbar disc degeneration,LDD)特征,并分析其在椎间盘早期退行性改变中的诊断价值。

方法

采用回顾性横断面研究方法,收集2024年3月至2025年2月于陆军军医大学第一附属医院骨科就诊的LBP患者89例,其中20~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁各年龄段及性别人数分布均衡。所有患者于陆军军医大学第一附属医院放射科行包含T1rho序列在内的腰椎MRI检查,2名高年资放射医师采用盲法对445个椎间盘进行Pfirrmann分级,测量髓核(nucleus pulposus,NP)T1rho值。利用Kappa检验评估2名医师的椎间盘分级一致性,使用Spearman相关系数评估Pfirrmann分级与NP-T1rho值之间的相关性,比较不同年龄、性别、腰椎节段间NP-T1rho值差异性。调整BMI和性别因素,通过偏相关分析各腰椎节段NP-T1rho值与年龄的相关性。利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估T1rho定量技术对LBP患者早期LDD的诊断性能。

结果

2名医师对不同节段的Pfirrmann分级一致性良好(Kappa系数均>0.70)。所有椎间盘NP-T1rho均值与Pfirrmann分级呈显著负相关(r=-0.877,P<0.001)。Pfirrmann Ⅰ~Ⅳ级椎间盘NP-TIrho均值依次递减(P<0.001),且在Ⅱ~Ⅲ级间呈陡降趋势。20~29岁、30~39岁年龄段LBP患者在Pfirrmann Ⅰ、Ⅱ级别中NP-T1rho均值均显著高于40~49岁、50~59岁年龄段(P<0.05),男性LBP患者在Pfirrmann Ⅰ级别中的NP-T1rho均值显著大于女性(P=0.006)。上腰段(L1~L4)椎间盘中,男性NP-T1rho均值显著大于女性(P=0.025),且各年龄段NP-T1rho均值随年龄增大依次递减,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除L5/S1节段外,各节段NP-T1rho均值与年龄之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.548~-0.349,P<0.001)。椎间盘NP-T1rho均值在Ⅰ、Ⅱ级别之间曲线下面积(AUC)为0.824(95%CI:0.772~0.876),Ⅱ、Ⅲ级之间AUC为0.978(95%CI:0.964~0.992)。

结论

T1rho磁共振技术可准确定量评估腰椎间盘早期退变,79.87 ms的NP-T1rho值为Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级之间的重要阈值。

磁共振成像  /  腰痛  /  腰椎间盘早期退变  /  髓核  /  T1rho
Objective

To quantitatively evaluate age-, sex-, and segment-related characteristics of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) in patients with low back pain (LBP) using T1rho MRI, and assess its diagnostic value in early-stage disc degeneration.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 LBP patients (balanced distribution across ages 20~29, 30~39, 40~49, 50~59 years and genders) admitted in Department of Orthopedics of First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from March 2024 to February 2025. All patients underwent lumbar MRI including T1rho sequences. Two senior radiologists performed blinded Pfirrmann grading on 445 intervertebral discs and measured T1rho values of the nucleus pulposus (NP). Kappa test was used to evaluate the inter-observer agreement of Pfirrmann grading, and Spearman correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the correlation between Pfirrmann grade and NP-T1rho value. Disc degeneration characteristics were compared across different ages, sexes, and spinal segments. After adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and gender, partial correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between NP-T1rho value of each lumbar segment and age. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the diagnostic performance of T1rho quantification for early LDD in LBP patients.

Results

Good inter-observer agreement was observed in Pfirrmann grading across segments, with a Kappa coefficient of >0.70. The NP-T1rho values of all NP were in a strong negative correlation with Pfirrmann grades (r=-0.877, P<0.001). The NP-T1rho values were progressively decreased from Pfirrmann gradesⅠ to Ⅳ (P<0.001), with a steep decline between gradesⅡ and Ⅲ. The patients aged 20~29 and 30~39 years showed significantly higher NP-T1rho values in Pfirrmann grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ discs when compared with those aged 40~49 and 50~59 years (P<0.05). The males had significantly higher mean NP-T1rho values in grade I than the females (P=0.006). In the upper spinal segments (L1~L4), the males exhibited significantly higher mean NP-T1rho value than the females (P=0.025), and NP-T1rho value was decreased obviously with increase of age across all age groups (P<0.05). Except L5/S1 segments, NP-T1rho value and age in all spinal segments had significant negative correlations (r=-0.548~-0.349, P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for distinguishing grade Ⅰ from Ⅱ discs was 0.824 (95%CI: 0.772~0.876), and for grades Ⅱ from Ⅲ was 0.978 (95%CI: 0.964~0.992).

Conclusion

T1rho MRI provides accurate quantitative assessment of early lumbar disc degeneration in LBP patients, with an NP-T1rho value of 79.87 ms serving as a discriminative threshold between grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ.

magnetic resonance imaging  /  low back pain  /  lumbar early-stage disc degenerative  /  nucleus pulposus  /  T1rho
何敏, 邓亚利, 陈家飞, 侯天勇, 陈伟, 张志伟. T1rho磁共振技术定量评估腰痛患者椎间盘早期退行性改变. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (20) : 2512 -2521 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202506020
Min HE, Yali DENG, Jiafei CHEN, Tianyong HOU, Wei CHEN, Zhiwei ZHANG. Quantitative assessment of early lumbar disc degeneration in patients with low back pain by T1rho magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (20) : 2512 -2521 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202506020
腰痛(low back pain,LBP)是目前全球范围内主要的致残性疾病之一[1],其发病率高、病因复杂,常呈慢性进展,严重影响患者生活质量,对个人经济和社会医疗资源造成沉重负担[2]。腰椎间盘退变(lumbar disc degeneration,LDD)是引起LPB的常见原因之一[2-3],遗传、衰老、肥胖、不良生活习惯等因素被证实为LDD发生、发展的重要危险因素[3-4]。LDD早期临床表现较轻,易被忽视,大多至中晚期才出现明显的LBP症状。LDD晚期多伴随腰椎节段性多结构功能失代偿,外科手术成为终末期LDD的最终选择[2,5]。当前,干预重点已从晚期手术向早期保守预防和再生治疗方向转移[5-7],而准确识别LDD早/中期状态成为实现干预前移的关键。
椎间盘是由中心高度水合的髓核(nucleus pulposus,NP)、周围弹性纤维环(annulus fibrosus,AF)和上下软骨终板(endplate,EP)三部分组成[8],NP主要包含水、蛋白聚糖(proteoglycan,PG)等成分[8-9],LDD过程被认为始于NP[10],其代谢失平衡后导致成分丢失,随后牵涉AF和EP。利用磁共振T2加权图像进行Pfirrmann分级被作为LDD程度评估的传统方法[9,11],但主观性较强,对早期生化成分改变不敏感。近年,通过自旋锁定脉冲实现组织T1rho成像的磁共振技术可定量评估PG等大分子与水分子之间的相互作用,广泛应用于骨关节软骨的早期退变程度检测[9,12-14]。在LDD评估方面,相比T2-mapping、ADC-mapping技术,NP-T1rho值与LDD的生物力学改变、组织学变性评分以及PG成分丢失具有更强的相关性[15],能可靠区分早期LDD。在慢性腰背疼(chronic Low back pain,cLBP)患者和正常人群的对比分析中,NP-T1rho值可以识别cLBP患者退行性改变与正常衰老之间的差异性特征[16]。T1rho技术期待被作为椎间盘生化成分的影像学生物标记物,以实现LDD在临床诊断、疗效评估、随访监测等多方面的精准评估。目前,针对不同年龄、性别及腰椎节段的LBP患者,其T1rho定量特征及诊断界值尚不明确。在椎间盘再生疗法的临床前实验表明LDD早期是恢复椎间盘代谢平衡的最佳时期[5,17],准确界定定量阈值,有望在结构性不可逆破坏之前实现早期识别与个体化干预。
因此,本研究通过回顾性收集基线均衡的LBP患者,利用T1rho磁共振技术定量评估不同年龄、性别在不同腰椎节段的各级LDD特征,并进行早、中期LDD诊断性能评估,为LDD的早期诊断、再生治疗评估及个性化治疗决策提供循证依据。
本研究为回顾性横断面研究,收集2024年3月至2025年2月因LBP就诊陆军军医大学第一附属医院骨科的患者89例,经临床Oswestry残疾指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评分和视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分评估为轻度LBP症状。所有患者于陆军军医大学第一附属医院放射科完成腰椎MRI检查,并以椎间盘Pfirrmann分级为标准[5,11]进行LDD程度评估:Ⅰ级视为健康状态,Ⅱ级为早期退变,Ⅲ级为中期退变,Ⅳ级及以上为晚期退变。纳入标准:①年龄20~59岁;②腰椎MRI影像质量合格;③存在腰椎间盘Pfirrmann Ⅱ级及以上程度退变[18];④腰部疼痛量表评分ODI<15分,VAS<3分[19]。排除标准:①有腰椎病手术或外伤史;②存在明确导致腰痛或影响椎间盘代谢的继发性疾病,如腰椎肿瘤、感染、结核、类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎等;③存在严重的脊柱畸形;④长期服用影响骨或软骨代谢的药物;⑤严重骨质疏松或糖尿病等全身系统性疾病史。本研究已获陆军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(KY2025072),并豁免知情同意。
所有患者分别于我院使用3.0T MR扫描仪(型号:U770,上海联影,中国)和8通道体表线圈完成腰部MRI检查,主要成像序列和参数如下:①矢状位快速自旋回波T2WI序列:重复时间(TR)/回波时间(TE)=3 697 ms/105.3 ms,层厚=3.5 mm,FOV=200 mm×300 mm,矩阵=240×168,采集次数=1;②矢状位自旋锁定成像(T1rho)序列:TR/TE=8.6 ms/3.9 ms,翻转角=15°,自旋锁定频率(FSL)=300 Hz,自旋锁定时间(TSL)=0、10、35、65 ms,层厚=3.5 mm,FOV=300 mm×160 mm,矩阵=320×320,采集次数=1。
所有MRI图像经匿名化处理。2名高年资放射科医师采用盲法在MR腰椎矢状位T2WI图像上对每位患者L1~S1节段5个椎间盘进行5等级Pfirrmann分级[11],最后结果由另一位放射科医师记录,Pfirrmann分级不一致结果由一名脊柱外科高年资医师作最终判定。1名放射科医师选取每位患者腰椎矢状位中心层面T1rho图像的伪彩定量图,以每个椎间盘EP前、后缘分别作为起始、结束位置,沿上下EP中心线方向5等分每个腰椎间盘,并勾画相同大小圆形兴趣区(ROI),中间3等份均值作为该椎间盘NP-T1rho值[20],见图1。
采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析评估NP-T1rho值对相邻Pfirrmann等级椎间盘的诊断效能。样本量计算基于ROC曲线下面积(AUC)的置信区间法,预期AUC=0.82,置信区间宽度为0.15,显著性水平(α)为0.05。样本量估算采用PASS 15.0软件(NCSS,LLC)进行,相邻Pfirrmann等级椎间盘数量按Equal(N1=N2)比例分配,考虑10%脱失率,计算结果为至少124个样本量。
采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以x¯±s表示。2名医师对椎间盘Pfirrmann分级的一致性采用Kappa系数检验。符合正态分布且方差齐性的两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,并进行Bonferroni校正。NP-T1rho值与Pfirrmann分级之间的相关性采用Spearman秩相关分析。既往研究已证实BMI和性别与椎间盘代谢及退变进程相关[21],故以BMI和性别作为控制变量,对不同节段椎间盘NP-T1rho值与年龄相关性进行偏相关分析。通过ROC曲线评估NP-T1rho值在One-vs-Rest和One-vs-One模式下的诊断性能,计算AUC,并依据Youden指数确定相邻退变等级之间的最佳截断值(optimal cut-off value,OCV)。P<0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。
本研究共89名LBP患者,男性45例,女性44例,年龄(39.24±10.51)岁,BMI为(23.80±3.97)kg/m2,在20~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁年龄段中的人数分别为23、22、22、22例。在所有患者共445个椎间盘中,Pfirrmann分级为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级程度的椎间盘数量分别为79个(17.75%)、191个(42.92%)、71个(15.96%)、91个(20.45%)、13个(2.92%)。
2名医师对所有患者在腰椎L1/2、L2/3、L3/4、L4/5、L5/S1不同节段椎间盘Pfirrmann分级一致性的Kappa系数分别为0.769、0.823、0.854、0.748、0.718;所有患者上腰段(L1~L4)椎间盘多处于Pfirrmann分级系统中的Ⅱ、Ⅰ、Ⅲ级别,分布比例依次减少,Ⅳ、Ⅴ级分布比例较少或无;在L4/5节段椎间盘中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级分布比例相同,略低于Ⅲ级比例,Ⅲ至Ⅳ级比例增大明显,Ⅴ级比例分布极少;在L5/S1节段椎间盘中,处于Ⅳ级退变程度占比最多,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级分布比例一致且少于Ⅳ级,Ⅴ级次之,Ⅰ级更少(表1)。
所有腰椎间盘NP-T1rho值服从正态分布且方差齐性,与Pfirrmann分级呈显著负相关(r=-0.887,P<0.001)。Ⅰ~Ⅳ级各等级椎间盘NP-T1rho均值依次递减且具有统计学差异(P<0.001),Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级NP-T1rho均值之间差异无统计学意义,见图2。
在不同年龄段和性别的LBP患者中,不同Pfirrmann等级椎间盘NP-T1rho均值的折线变化趋势如图3所示。不同年龄段(20~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁)患者NP-T1rho值的Ⅱ、Ⅲ级均值差值分别为33.86 ms(95%CI:22.36~45.36)、28.60 ms(95%CI:22.08~35.24)、26.41 ms(95%CI:20.67~32.14)、24.07 ms(95%CI:19.07~29.07);不同性别(男、女)患者NP-T1rho的Ⅱ、Ⅲ级差值分别为28.21 ms(95%CI:22.94~33.48)、29.66 ms(95%CI:25.19~34.14)。在20~29岁、30~39岁年龄段患者中,Pfirrmann Ⅰ、Ⅱ级椎间盘NP-T1rho均值显著大于其他年龄段(P<0.05),男性患者在Pfirrmann Ⅰ级中NP-T1rho均值显著大于女性(P=0.006)。
在不同年龄段中,上腰段(L1~L4)椎间盘NP-T1rho均值随各年龄段的增大依次递减,且相邻年龄段之间(20~29岁 vs 30~39岁、30~39岁 vs 40~49岁、40~49岁 vs 50~59岁)NP-T1rho均值差异具有统计学意义(P=0.002,0.001,0.033);下腰段(L4~L5)椎间盘NP-T1rho均值随年龄段增大递减,但仅20~29岁与30~39岁年龄段之间差异具有统计学意义(P=0.014)。上腰段(L1~L4)男性组椎间盘NP-T1rho均值显著大于女性组(P=0.025),下腰段(L4~LS1)男女组椎间盘NP-T1rho均值差异无统计学意义。在BMI和性别作为控制变量的偏相关分析中,L5/S1椎间盘NP-T1rho均值与年龄相关性不显著(r=-0.086,P= 0.429),L1~L4各节段均有显著负相关性(P<0.001),其中L2/3、L3/4节段的相关性最大(图4)。
在所有LBP患者LDD总体诊断性能评估中,Pfirrmann分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级椎间盘NP-T1rho均值ROC曲线分析AUC值分别为0.908(95%CI:0.879~0.937)、0.737(95%CI:0.687~0.786)、0.740(95%CI:0.697~0.783)、0.961(95%CI:0.945~0.977),整体AUC值为0.837(95%CI:0.802~0.880),如图5A所示。对相邻Pfirrmann等级椎间盘NP-T1rho均值进行ROC曲线分析:在Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级之间的AUC值为0.824(95%CI:0.772~0.876),Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级之间的AUC值为0.978(95%CI:0.964~0.992),Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级之间的AUC值为0.895(95%CI:0.848~0.942),OCV分别为93.65、79.87、56.02 ms,敏感性分别为0.897、0.884、0.928,如图5B所示。
本研究基于T1rho成像技术从诊断效能与分层特征(年龄、性别、节段)定量评估了LBP患者早期LDD的影像学表现,揭示了T1rho技术在LDD精准评估中的广泛临床应用前景,并为深入理解LDD发生、发展规律提供了新的视角。研究结果显示:79.87 ms的NP-T1rho值是椎间盘Pfirrmann Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级的最佳截断值,可作为早期LDD识别的定量指标,为推动椎间盘再生治疗的前移干预与个体化评估提供重要参考。
Pfirrmann分级虽通过椎间盘信号强度、均匀性以及形态高度等方面实现对LDD的主观评价[11],并广泛应用于LBP诊疗过程,但存在一定局限性。GRIFFITH等[22]提出8等级改进Pfirrmann分类法,以适应Ⅲ、Ⅳ等级居多的老年LDD患者,但T2-mapping、T1rho、ADC-mapping等定量影像学技术在LBP疼痛症状和再生治疗评估方面更具有优势[9],可精准量化椎间盘生化成分的改变。本研究中,NP-T1rho值随椎间盘Pfirrmann分级的升高逐渐降低,二者之间呈现强相关性,与既往研究结果一致[23-25],证实其在LDD评估中具有良好的可行性。基于T2WI的Pfirrmann等级划分与椎间盘水分分布直接相关[11],而髓核细胞中的PG通过与Ⅱ型胶原、弹性蛋白纤维形成松散网状结构,在高渗透压环境下实现水分的吸收和保留,从而维持椎间盘的高度和膨胀性[26]。因此,Pfirrmann等级升高的核心机制可能是髓核中PG成分减少导致水合功能下降,进而引发水分流失。值得注意的是,本研究中所有Ⅱ、Ⅲ级椎间盘的NP-T1rho值呈现陡降趋势,而Ⅳ、Ⅴ级间差异无统计学意义,这与ZHOU等[27]在人类和动物模型中的研究发现是一致的,推测其原因在于,退变椎间盘髓核细胞中PG成分大量减少,至Ⅲ级已达到无法再生的最低阈值范围,进而导致水分的持续流失、空间形态塌陷等逐步进展性的退变恶化。从机制层面看,椎间盘髓核细胞起源于胚胎时期的脊索细胞,随衰老进程逐渐向软骨细胞样形态转化,而留存于NP中的脊索细胞同时具有增强PG合成的能力[28],这说明脊索细胞维持PG权重在椎间盘NP稳态环境中扮演着关键作用。动物实验亦证实NP内终生伴有脊索细胞的椎间盘极少发生退变,而营养不良犬类的LDD进展与脊索细胞的丢失密切相关[29-30]。因此,NP-T1rho技术通过定量表征髓核细胞中与脊索细胞密切相关的PG含量,为LDD的早期诊断和评估提供了坚实的机制理论基础。
多项研究基于腰椎间盘形态和成分信号的变化,将Pfirrmann分类中的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级别椎间盘依次归类为健康、早、中、晚期等级[5,11,20],广泛应用于临床LDD干预策略制定的参考依据,但无法量化PG成分丢失为特征的早期LDD等级[23],而识别早期LDD病理性的进展和恢复情况,在治疗策略选择中具有重要的参考价值。在本研究中,所有Ⅰ、Ⅱ级椎间盘的NP-T1rho值分别为(114.68±18.48)、(94.44±13.61)ms,具有统计学差异,客观反映早期椎间盘髓核中PG含量的降低情况。Ⅰ、Ⅱ级椎间盘中的NP-T1rho值存在较大的定量跨度,可能是由于病理性退变常与年龄、性别、遗传等因素相关的衰老退变过程相互重叠[16],这种椎间盘衰老异质性也是导致传统Pfirrmann分类灵敏性不足的原因之一[16,23]。进一步鉴别诊断健康和退变椎间盘的AUC值达到0.908,在Ⅰ、Ⅱ相邻等级之间的AUC值为0.824,均显示出较好的鉴别诊断效能。YANG等[31]在一项39人的小样本研究中,利用NP-T1rho定量指标检测早期LDD的AUC值为0.7,但是将Ⅱ、Ⅲ级共同归类为早期退变阶段,与Ⅰ级健康椎间盘进行对比评估。尽管目前Ⅱ、Ⅲ等级LDD患者多以保守治疗为主[32],但Pfirrmann Ⅱ级多代表椎间盘结构基本完整但生化成分开始变化的早期退变阶段,而Ⅲ级可能是不可逆性结构改变的开始,因此精准界定早期LDD的下限成为预防其进展的关键。在一项使用水凝胶注射治疗恒河猴缓慢进展型LDD模型的研究中[33],晚期LDD在水凝胶注射1个月后的NP-T1rho值显著下降,而NP-T1rho均值为80 ms以上阶段的LDD治疗效果则最佳。因此,精准定量人体各级椎间盘NP-T1rho值,能给LDD再生治疗方式的时机选择和疗效评估提供重要参考。本研究中,NP-T1rho均值在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级之间的鉴别诊断AUC值高达0.978,符合两等级间NP-T1rho值显著下降的趋势结果,提示Ⅲ级可能已进入人体LDD髓核成分不可逆改变的重要阶段。TAKASHIMA等[34]在一项前瞻性研究中纳入年龄(56.0±21.3)岁的LDD患者,其结果显示NP-T1rho均值在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级之间的AUC值明显低于本研究(0.849 vs 0.978),而Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间的AUC值与本研究相接近(0.919 vs 0.895)。这可能与本研究在性别、年龄等可能影响NP生化成分变化因素控制上更具有规划性有关,且研究对象多为轻度症状的LBP患者。在一项基于T1rho技术的人体和动物LDD模型研究[27]发现,椎间盘的快速退变阶段发生在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级之间,NP-T1rho值下降至80 ms左右趋于稳定。本研究发现79.87 ms的NP-T1rho值是Ⅱ、Ⅲ之间的OCV,敏感性达0.884。既往研究[33]也报道:80~110 ms的NP-T1rho值对应早期椎间盘快速退行性改变阶段,80~95 ms是再生治疗方案选择的最佳时期,这与本研究结果相互吻合。因此,NP-T1rho在Ⅱ级早期LDD中具有较强的诊断性能,且79.87 ms的NP-T1rho值可推荐作为Ⅱ、Ⅲ等级LDD患者临床评估的重要参考值,为早期LDD的进展程度判断、新型再生治疗方式的最佳时机选择及疗效评估提供精准的量化依据。
年龄已被证实为LDD进程中的重要风险因素之一[4,16]。有报道称人类腰椎间盘在11~16岁开始便发生退行性改变并持续至死亡[35],且患病率伴随年龄的增长而升高。本研究对不同年龄段、性别分析显示:Ⅰ、Ⅱ级别椎间盘在低年龄段(20~39岁)LBP患者中的NP-T1rho均值显著大于其他高年龄段患者,男性位于Ⅰ级时的NP-T1rho均值显著大于女性,说明椎间盘的衰老可能在40岁后的年龄加速发展,年轻男性的椎间盘NP中可能具有更高的PG成分或脊索细胞储量。既往研究也特别关注LDD性别差异性特点[16],但男女人群的遗传因素、激素水平、生活习惯等影响因素较多,在解剖结构上也具有不同腰椎矢状面形态,导致椎间盘不同的生物力学功能状态[36],因此在一些组织病理学与MRI的相关研究中表现出相互矛盾的证据[16,23],需要更多相关研究进一步验证。TERAGUCHI等[4]发现,女性上腰段(L1~L4)椎间盘的退变进展更快,推测可能与遗传、环境等因素的影响有关。本研究中,各年龄区间的Ⅲ、Ⅳ等级椎间盘位于上腰段(L1~L4)占比较低,主要分布于下腰段(L4~S1),证实自然衰老与超负荷压力在上下腰椎节段间的差异性表现,可能与上下腰椎解剖形态学特征的差异密切相关[37-38]。在对不同腰椎节段椎间盘NP-T1rho值的分析显示:相比下腰段(L4~S1)的不显著,上腰段(L1~L4)椎间盘在不同年龄段之间的NP-T1rho均值具有统计学差异,且女性LBP患者在上腰段(L1~L4)椎间盘的退变程度显著大于男性。结合上腰椎节段退变程度整体较轻的特点[23],提示上腰椎节段LDD具有更显著的性别、年龄差异性特征,这可能与女性雌激素代谢及衰老进程的协同作用相关[39]。在控制BMI和性别因素后,不同腰椎节段NP-T1rho均值与年龄的偏相关分析显示:L2/3、L3/4椎间盘的NP-T1rho均值与年龄表现出更强的负性相关,与既往研究[16]一致;而L5/S1节段无显著相关性,说明衰老和机械负荷在LBP患者下腰椎节段LDD进程中的作用可能更为复杂[23,37-38]。因此,上腰椎节段LDD更具有性别和年龄的退变特征,下腰椎节段LDD可能与协调运动、维持稳定等机械负载密切相关。
本研究存在一定局限性:①本研究是一项单中心的回顾性研究,样本量较少,可能存在选择偏倚;②未对椎间盘NP组织进行相应的组织病理学生化成分分析,以证实NP-T1rho影像学指标的可靠性;③并未就NP-T1rho指标与人群的临床症状评分进行关联性分析;④入组人群的年龄未纳入60岁及以上,主要因为20~59岁是LDD发生率、发展率逐步增高人群,且高龄LBP患者多伴有多且广的全身性代谢疾病史和治疗史[19],入组难度大。因此,未来本课题组将进一步扩大样本量,纳入更广泛的人群类别,并结合临床疼痛症状和组织病理学进行深入分析。
综上所述,T1rho定量技术可敏感反映LBP患者早期LDD的生化成分变化,79.87 ms的NP-T1rho值为Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级之间的重要阈值,具有较高的临床诊断参考价值。同时,上腰椎节段LDD呈现显著的年龄和性别差异,提示在LDD的评估和干预中应注重个体化特征。

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2025年第47卷第20期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202506020
  • 接收时间:2025-06-07
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-10-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-07
  • 修回日期:2025-09-24
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    1重庆医科大学附属第一医院放射科, 重庆
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院 放射科 重庆
    3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院 骨科,重庆

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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