Article(id=1322190639106741027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190358751069178, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505063, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748188800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-26, revisedDate=1752681600000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793164413476, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1757865600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793164413476, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793164413476, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793164413476, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322190358751069178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1981', pageEnd='2144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757865600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793164346635, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793164560388, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322191255602319722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190358751069178, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322191255602319723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322190358751069178, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2028, endPage=2038, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322190640855765797, articleId=1322190639106741027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=GPX7 regulates proliferation and senescence of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the PI3K-AKT pathway, columnId=1320442291748192970, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Monographic Reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate the effects of glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPX7) on the proliferation and senescence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its potential value as a therapeutic target.

Methods‍

Clinical and transcriptomic data from HCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between GPX7 expression and prognosis. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, and SA-β-Gal staining were employed to compare the expression and function of GPX7 in HCC cell lines and normal liver cells. A stable GPX7-knockdown Hep3B cell line was established, and transcriptomic changes were analyzed using RNA-seq. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and its activator 740 Y-P were utilized to determine the role of GPX7 in regulating cell senescence via the PI3K-AKT pathway. An orthotopic xenograft model was constructed using 18 male nude mice (6 weeks old, 18~22 g) to observe tumor growth. Tumor and adjacent tissue samples from 56 HCC patients (obtained from the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2012 and December 2022) were analyzed to assess the relationship between GPX7 expression and clinicopathological features.

Results‍

TCGA data analysis revealed that GPX7 was significantly highly expressed in HCC tumor tissues (P<0.01), and the patients with high GPX7 expression had obviously shorter overall survival (OS) (P=0.018). Western blotting and qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of GPX7 was notably higher in the HCC cell lines than the normal liver cells (P<0.01). After GPX7 knockdown, the CCK-8 absorbance values of HCC cells were significantly reduced (P<0.01), the proportion of EdU-positive cells was obviously decreased (P<0.01), and the proportion of SA-β-Gal positive cells was notably increased (P<0.01). RNA-seq analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway (P<0.05). The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 significantly enhanced the GPX7 knockdown-induced cell senescence (P<0.01), while the activator 740 Y-P partially reversed this effect (P<0.05). In the xenograft model, GPX7 knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice (P<0.01), and the PI3K activator 740 Y-P partially reversed this effect (P<0.01). Clinical sample analysis displayed that high GPX7 expression was negatively correlated with tumor differentiation (P<0.05), and its high expression was associated with shortened OS (HR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.26~5.39, P=0.005).

Conclusion‍

GPX7 regulates cell proliferation and senescence through the PI3K-AKT pathway, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.

, authors=Ruiguan WANG1, 2, Jing WANG1, Maohui YAN3, Xinji LI3, Zhijia SUN3, authorsList=Ruiguan WANG, Jing WANG, Maohui YAN, Xinji LI, Zhijia SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhijia SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322190642827088688, articleId=1322190639106741027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶7通过PI3K-AKT通路调控肝癌细胞增殖和衰老, columnId=1322190423666315871, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=专题报道, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶7(glutathione peroxidase 7,GPX7)对肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)细胞增殖和衰老的影响,及其作为潜在治疗靶点的价值。

方法

分析癌症基因组图谱计划数据库(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)中HCC患者的临床和转录组数据,评估GPX7表达与预后的关系;采用Western blot、qRT-PCR、CCK-8实验和EdU染色、SA-β-Gal染色等方法,比较GPX7在HCC细胞系和正常肝细胞中的表达及功能;构建稳定敲低GPX7的Hep3B细胞系,通过RNA-seq分析转录组变化,并利用PI3K抑制剂LY294002和激活剂740 Y-P验证GPX7通过PI3K-AKT通路调控细胞衰老;体内实验采用18只6周龄雄性裸鼠(体质量18~22 g)构建移植瘤模型,观察肿瘤生长情况;分析2012年1月至2022年12月解放军总医院第八医学中心肝胆外科56例HCC患者的肿瘤和癌旁组织样本,评估GPX7的表达与临床病理特征的关系。

结果

TCGA数据分析显示,GPX7在HCC肿瘤组织中显著高表达(P<0.01),且高表达GPX7患者的总生存期(overall survival,OS)显著缩短(P=0.018)。Western blot和qRT-PCR结果显示,GPX7在HCC细胞系中的表达水平显著高于正常肝细胞(P均<0.01)。敲低GPX7后,HCC细胞的CCK-8吸光度值显著降低(P<0.01),EdU阳性细胞比例显著减少(P<0.01),SA-β-Gal阳性细胞比例显著增加(P均<0.01)。RNA-seq分析显示,差异基因在PI3K-AKT信号通路显著富集(P<0.05)。PI3K抑制剂LY294002处理显著增强敲低GPX7对细胞衰老的诱导作用(P<0.01),而PI3K激活剂740 Y-P则部分逆转此效应(P<0.05)。裸鼠移植瘤模型中,敲低GPX7显著抑制裸鼠肿瘤生长(P<0.01),PI3K激活剂740 Y-P能部分逆转这一效应(P<0.01)。临床样本分析显示,GPX7高表达与肿瘤分化程度负相关(P<0.05),且高表达患者总体生存期缩短(HR=2.61,95% CI:1.26~5.39,P=0.005)。

结论

GPX7通过PI3K-AKT通路调控细胞增殖和衰老,可能是HCC治疗的潜在靶点。

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孙志佳,E-mail:
SUN Zhijia,E-mail:
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Phytomedicine,2021,84:153509., articleTitle=Anti-aging function and molecular mechanism of Radix Astragali and Radix Astragali preparata via network pharmacology and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322190643246519089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190643254907698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, companyId=1322190643246519089, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Faculty of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery,First Medical Center,General Hospital of PLA,Beijing, Air Force Medical Center of PLA,Beijing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190643267490611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, companyId=1322190643246519089, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1解放军总医院:第一医学中心肝胆胰外科医学部,北京)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322190643334599476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190643347182389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, companyId=1322190643334599476, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Eighth Medical Center,General Hospital of PLA,Beijing, Air Force Medical Center of PLA,Beijing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190643355570998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, companyId=1322190643334599476, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2解放军总医院:第八医学中心肝胆外科,北京)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322190645205259064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190645213647673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, companyId=1322190645205259064, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Radiation Oncology, Air Force Medical Center of PLA,Beijing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322190645222036282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, companyId=1322190645205259064, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3空军特色医学中心放射治疗科,北京)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322190647289828192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=TCGA database analysis of GPX7 expression and its relationship with HCC prognosis, figureFileSmall=FA2nMba9EyFq8HFemYjr8g==, figureFileBig=Zvs8yMAtLIn/tFnxGZSSrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190647449211745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=CN, label=图1, caption=TCGA数据库GPX7的表达及其与HCC预后的关系

a:P<0.01,in comparison with normal tissue; b: P<0.01,in comparison with QSG7701 A:TNM plot database analysis showing GPX7 expression in selected tumor types and normal tissues; B:TCGA database analysis showing GPX7 epression in HCC tissues versus normal tissues; C:Paired differential analysis of GPX7 expression in HCC using the TCGA-LIHC dataset; D:Relationship of GPX7 expression with OS in HCC patients; E:GPX7 protein and mRNA expression levels in normal hepatocyte QSG7701 and HCC cell lines

, figureFileSmall=FA2nMba9EyFq8HFemYjr8g==, figureFileBig=Zvs8yMAtLIn/tFnxGZSSrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190647906390882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Effects of GPX7 knockdown on proliferation and senescence in HCC cells, figureFileSmall=0cUzUXz7OKkEGixQfGa/LA==, figureFileBig=gRraKGOpP9b3lq2TAHVP9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190648292266851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=CN, label=图2, caption=GPX7下调对HCC细胞增殖和衰老的影响

1:siNC; 2:siGPX7-1; 3:siGPX7-2; 4:siGPX7-3; a:P < 0.01,in comparison with siNC A:GPX7 protein and mRNA expression levels in HCC cells following GPX7-knockdown; B:CCK-8 assay showing proliferation of GPX7-knockdown HCC cells; C:EdU staining showing proliferation of GPX7-knockdown HCC cells; D:SA-β-Gal staining showing senescence of GPX7-knockdown HCC cells; E:protein expression levels of senescence-associated proteins p16 and p21 in GPX7-knockdown HCC cells

, figureFileSmall=0cUzUXz7OKkEGixQfGa/LA==, figureFileBig=gRraKGOpP9b3lq2TAHVP9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190649663804261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=GPX7 regulates HCC cell senescence through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, figureFileSmall=CjNeHRYAdS0wUWdtjS4Qvw==, figureFileBig=cuK3JWH7yjqawwKNV148LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190649902879590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=CN, label=图3, caption=GPX7通过PI3K-AKT信号通路调控HCC细胞衰老

1:shNC; 2:shGPX7; 3:shNC+740 Y-P; 4:shGPX7+740 Y-P; a:P<0.01,in comparison with DMSO; b:P<0.05,in comparison with shNC; c:P<0.01,in comparison with shGPX7 A:Schematic diagram of construction of stable GPX7-knockdown Hep3B cell line; B:Volcano plot of genomic alterations in Hep3B cells following GPX7 knockdown; C:KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes after GPX7 knockdown; D:Effect of LY294002 on senescence-associated protein levels in HCC cells; E:Effect of 740 Y-P on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins and senescence-associated proteins in HCC cells; F:Senescence staining of shNC Hep3B and shGPX7 Hep3B cells after 740 Y-P treatment

, figureFileSmall=CjNeHRYAdS0wUWdtjS4Qvw==, figureFileBig=cuK3JWH7yjqawwKNV148LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190649974182759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Effect of GPX7 knockdown on proliferation of HCC cells in xenograft nude mice, figureFileSmall=71nfiD6M2PiVtk/9YHhVVQ==, figureFileBig=LfRnG9gMKJkvaThIVnSnyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190650037097320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=CN, label=图4, caption=GPX7下调对体内肝癌细胞增殖的影响

1:shNC; 2:shGPX7; 3:shGPX7+740 Y-P; a:P<0.01,in comparison with shNC; b:P<0.01,in comparison with shGPX7 A:Images of mouse tumor tissues following various treatments; B:Excised mouse tumor tissues after different treatments; C:Tumor growth curves measured every 3 d; D:Representative IHC images of GPX7 and Ki67 in mouse tumor tissues

, figureFileSmall=71nfiD6M2PiVtk/9YHhVVQ==, figureFileBig=LfRnG9gMKJkvaThIVnSnyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190650112594793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Association between GPX7 expression in HCC tumor tissues and prognosis, figureFileSmall=i6PDWUboX/wlvIiAFi3qrQ==, figureFileBig=DrQRwv6Oz+q2AYl3j0goZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190650313921386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=CN, label=图5, caption=GPX7在HCC肿瘤组织中的表达和预后的关联

A:Representative IHC images of tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues from HCC patients; B:IHC scores of GPX7 in tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues from HCC patients a: P<0.01,in comparison with adjacent non-tumor group; C:Survival curve of 56 HCC patients stratified by high and low GPX7 expression levels

, figureFileSmall=i6PDWUboX/wlvIiAFi3qrQ==, figureFileBig=DrQRwv6Oz+q2AYl3j0goZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322190650372641643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

siRNA sequences for GPX7 and control sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneSequence(5’→3’)
GPX7-1Upstream:GCACCUACAGUGUCUCAUUTT
Downstream:AAUGAGACACUGUAGGUGCTT
GPX7-2Upstream:GUCUCAUUCCCCAUGUUUATT
Downstream:UAAACAUGGGGAAUGAGACTT
GPX7-3Upstream:GGAAGGAGCCCACCUGGAATT
Downstream:UUCCAGGUGGGCUCCUUCCTT
siNCUpstream:UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT
Downstream:ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT
), ArticleFig(id=1322190650439750508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GPX7的siRNA序列及对照序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneSequence(5’→3’)
GPX7-1Upstream:GCACCUACAGUGUCUCAUUTT
Downstream:AAUGAGACACUGUAGGUGCTT
GPX7-2Upstream:GUCUCAUUCCCCAUGUUUATT
Downstream:UAAACAUGGGGAAUGAGACTT
GPX7-3Upstream:GGAAGGAGCCCACCUGGAATT
Downstream:UUCCAGGUGGGCUCCUUCCTT
siNCUpstream:UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT
Downstream:ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT
), ArticleFig(id=1322190650502665069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of clinical characteristics of 56 HCC patients (n=28)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FeaturesLow GPX7High GPX7χ2P
Gender0.100 20.751 6
Man2221
Woman67
Age/years0.311 10.577 0
≥60911
<601917
Tumor size/cm0.291 70.589 2
>51311
≤51517
Differentiation9.219 10.002 4
High/Middle2312
Low516
CNLC staging2.276 40.131 4
Ⅰ2318
Ⅱ/Ⅲ510
), ArticleFig(id=1322190650565579630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322190639106741027, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

56例HCC患者的临床特征对比(n=28)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FeaturesLow GPX7High GPX7χ2P
Gender0.100 20.751 6
Man2221
Woman67
Age/years0.311 10.577 0
≥60911
<601917
Tumor size/cm0.291 70.589 2
>51311
≤51517
Differentiation9.219 10.002 4
High/Middle2312
Low516
CNLC staging2.276 40.131 4
Ⅰ2318
Ⅱ/Ⅲ510
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谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶7通过PI3K-AKT通路调控肝癌细胞增殖和衰老
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王瑞官 1, 2 , 王静 1 , 闫茂慧 3 , 李新技 3 , 孙志佳 3
陆军军医大学学报 | 专题报道 2025,47(17): 2028-2038
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陆军军医大学学报 |专题报道 2025 , 47 (17) : 2028 -2038
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶7通过PI3K-AKT通路调控肝癌细胞增殖和衰老
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王瑞官1, 2, 王静1, 闫茂慧3, 李新技3, 孙志佳3
作者信息
  • 1解放军总医院:第一医学中心肝胆胰外科医学部,北京
  • 2解放军总医院:第八医学中心肝胆外科,北京
  • 3空军特色医学中心放射治疗科,北京
通讯作者:
孙志佳,E-mail:
SUN Zhijia,E-mail:
GPX7 regulates proliferation and senescence of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the PI3K-AKT pathway
Ruiguan WANG1, 2, Jing WANG1, Maohui YAN3, Xinji LI3, Zhijia SUN3
Affiliations
  • 1Faculty of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery,First Medical Center,General Hospital of PLA,Beijing, Air Force Medical Center of PLA,Beijing,China
  • 2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Eighth Medical Center,General Hospital of PLA,Beijing, Air Force Medical Center of PLA,Beijing,China
  • 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Air Force Medical Center of PLA,Beijing,China
出版时间: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505063
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目的

探究谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶7(glutathione peroxidase 7,GPX7)对肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)细胞增殖和衰老的影响,及其作为潜在治疗靶点的价值。

方法

分析癌症基因组图谱计划数据库(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)中HCC患者的临床和转录组数据,评估GPX7表达与预后的关系;采用Western blot、qRT-PCR、CCK-8实验和EdU染色、SA-β-Gal染色等方法,比较GPX7在HCC细胞系和正常肝细胞中的表达及功能;构建稳定敲低GPX7的Hep3B细胞系,通过RNA-seq分析转录组变化,并利用PI3K抑制剂LY294002和激活剂740 Y-P验证GPX7通过PI3K-AKT通路调控细胞衰老;体内实验采用18只6周龄雄性裸鼠(体质量18~22 g)构建移植瘤模型,观察肿瘤生长情况;分析2012年1月至2022年12月解放军总医院第八医学中心肝胆外科56例HCC患者的肿瘤和癌旁组织样本,评估GPX7的表达与临床病理特征的关系。

结果

TCGA数据分析显示,GPX7在HCC肿瘤组织中显著高表达(P<0.01),且高表达GPX7患者的总生存期(overall survival,OS)显著缩短(P=0.018)。Western blot和qRT-PCR结果显示,GPX7在HCC细胞系中的表达水平显著高于正常肝细胞(P均<0.01)。敲低GPX7后,HCC细胞的CCK-8吸光度值显著降低(P<0.01),EdU阳性细胞比例显著减少(P<0.01),SA-β-Gal阳性细胞比例显著增加(P均<0.01)。RNA-seq分析显示,差异基因在PI3K-AKT信号通路显著富集(P<0.05)。PI3K抑制剂LY294002处理显著增强敲低GPX7对细胞衰老的诱导作用(P<0.01),而PI3K激活剂740 Y-P则部分逆转此效应(P<0.05)。裸鼠移植瘤模型中,敲低GPX7显著抑制裸鼠肿瘤生长(P<0.01),PI3K激活剂740 Y-P能部分逆转这一效应(P<0.01)。临床样本分析显示,GPX7高表达与肿瘤分化程度负相关(P<0.05),且高表达患者总体生存期缩短(HR=2.61,95% CI:1.26~5.39,P=0.005)。

结论

GPX7通过PI3K-AKT通路调控细胞增殖和衰老,可能是HCC治疗的潜在靶点。

肝细胞癌  /  谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶7  /  细胞增殖  /  细胞衰老  /  PI3K-AKT通路
Objective‍

To investigate the effects of glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPX7) on the proliferation and senescence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its potential value as a therapeutic target.

Methods‍

Clinical and transcriptomic data from HCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between GPX7 expression and prognosis. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, and SA-β-Gal staining were employed to compare the expression and function of GPX7 in HCC cell lines and normal liver cells. A stable GPX7-knockdown Hep3B cell line was established, and transcriptomic changes were analyzed using RNA-seq. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and its activator 740 Y-P were utilized to determine the role of GPX7 in regulating cell senescence via the PI3K-AKT pathway. An orthotopic xenograft model was constructed using 18 male nude mice (6 weeks old, 18~22 g) to observe tumor growth. Tumor and adjacent tissue samples from 56 HCC patients (obtained from the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2012 and December 2022) were analyzed to assess the relationship between GPX7 expression and clinicopathological features.

Results‍

TCGA data analysis revealed that GPX7 was significantly highly expressed in HCC tumor tissues (P<0.01), and the patients with high GPX7 expression had obviously shorter overall survival (OS) (P=0.018). Western blotting and qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of GPX7 was notably higher in the HCC cell lines than the normal liver cells (P<0.01). After GPX7 knockdown, the CCK-8 absorbance values of HCC cells were significantly reduced (P<0.01), the proportion of EdU-positive cells was obviously decreased (P<0.01), and the proportion of SA-β-Gal positive cells was notably increased (P<0.01). RNA-seq analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway (P<0.05). The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 significantly enhanced the GPX7 knockdown-induced cell senescence (P<0.01), while the activator 740 Y-P partially reversed this effect (P<0.05). In the xenograft model, GPX7 knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice (P<0.01), and the PI3K activator 740 Y-P partially reversed this effect (P<0.01). Clinical sample analysis displayed that high GPX7 expression was negatively correlated with tumor differentiation (P<0.05), and its high expression was associated with shortened OS (HR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.26~5.39, P=0.005).

Conclusion‍

GPX7 regulates cell proliferation and senescence through the PI3K-AKT pathway, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.

hepatocellular carcinoma  /  glutathione peroxidase 7  /  cell proliferation  /  cell senescence  /  PI3K-AKT pathway
王瑞官, 王静, 闫茂慧, 李新技, 孙志佳. 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶7通过PI3K-AKT通路调控肝癌细胞增殖和衰老. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (17) : 2028 -2038 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505063
Ruiguan WANG, Jing WANG, Maohui YAN, Xinji LI, Zhijia SUN. GPX7 regulates proliferation and senescence of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the PI3K-AKT pathway[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (17) : 2028 -2038 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505063
肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是全球范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率和病死率均较高[1]。早期患者虽可通过手术或消融治愈,但其复发率依然高居不下[2]。晚期患者主要依赖靶向治疗、免疫治疗以及其他综合治疗缓解症状,其疗效颇为有限[3-5]。因此,深入探究HCC发生发展的分子机制,寻找新的治疗靶点,对于改善HCC患者的临床结局具有重要意义。
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶7(glutathione peroxidase 7,GPX7)是一种保守的内质网滞留蛋白,能够维持细胞内的氧化还原稳态,防止DNA损伤和双链断裂,从而可能促进细胞增殖,延缓细胞的衰老过程[6]。例如,二甲双胍通过上调GPX7的表达水平,能够延缓人间充质干细胞的衰老[7];海藻酸低聚糖则可通过GPX7的抗氧化途径缓解血管衰老,并减少与衰老相关的血管重塑[8]。已有研究表明,GPX7在多种肿瘤中呈现异常表达,如在胶质瘤、肾细胞癌和直肠癌患者中其表达水平升高,且与不良预后密切相关[9-11]。关于GPX7在肿瘤中的机制研究较少。在胶质母细胞瘤中GPX7的沉默增强了细胞中的铁过氧化物介导的氧化应激,使肿瘤细胞对铁过氧化物诱导的凋亡更为敏感[12]。最新的研究中,XU等[13]基于谷氨酰胺代谢相关基因开发了一个针对HCC的预后模型,并发现与正常组织相比,肿瘤组织中GPX7表达更显著,且高表达GPX7的患者预后更差。然而,GPX7在HCC中的具体作用及其分子机制仍不明确。
本研究旨在系统探究GPX7在HCC中的表达水平及其对细胞增殖和衰老的调控作用,通过分析大规模临床数据和实验验证,揭示GPX7在HCC发生发展中的关键角色,并深入探讨其通过PI3K-AKT信号通路调控细胞行为的分子机制,以期为HCC的精准治疗提供了新的潜在靶点。
泛癌数据分析来源于TNMplot数据库(https://tnmplot.com/analysis/),人肝细胞癌转录组数据和临床数据来源于癌症基因组图谱计划数据库(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)(http://portal.gdc.cancer.gov),将转录组数据和临床数据整理后得到50个正常样本和374个肿瘤样本。使用R 4.3.2软件进行数据分析,并绘制GPX7基因表达箱体图、配对散点图和Kaplan-Meier曲线图。
研究使用的人肝癌细胞系包括HepG2、Hep3B、PLC/PRF/5和Huh 7(均购自美国典型培养物保藏中心,经短串联重复序列鉴定为阳性),以及人正常肝细胞QSG-7701(购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司,经短串联重复序列鉴定为阳性)。上述细胞均由解放军总医院肿瘤中心实验室保存。所有细胞均在37 ℃、5%CO2的恒温培养箱中培养。其中,HepG2、Hep3B、PLC/PRF/5和Huh 7细胞系采用含10%胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)和1%青-链霉素双抗的DMEM培养基培养;QSG-7701细胞则使用含10%FBS和1%青-链霉素双抗的RPMI 1640培养基培养。当细胞融合度达到90%时,使用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化处理,并按1∶4比例进行传代。所有实验均选用处于对数生长期的细胞进行。
GPX7多克隆兔源抗体、β-Tubulin多克隆兔源抗体、p16多克隆兔源抗体、p21多克隆兔源抗体、PI3K多克隆兔源抗体购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司。总Akt兔源抗体、磷酸化Akt兔源抗体购自美国Cell Signaling Technology公司。PI3K抑制剂LY294002、PI3K激活剂740 Y-P试剂购自上海MedChemExpress公司。
采用胰蛋白酶消化细胞后,使用0.01 mol/L磷酸缓冲盐溶液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)洗涤2次,随后加入含有蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液进行细胞裂解。将裂解产物与(5×)SDS-PAGE上样缓冲液混合后,置于100 ℃水浴中煮沸15 min使蛋白变性。以4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心2 min后取上清液进行SDS-PAGE电泳分离,待蛋白条带分离完成后,通过湿转法将蛋白转移至硝酸纤维素膜上。使用5%脱脂牛奶封闭40 min后,依次孵育一抗和二抗(兔抗),每次抗体孵育后均采用(1×)TBST洗涤3次,去除未结合抗体。最后通过ECL化学发光试剂显色,并利用Bio-Rad公司LabTM成像系统采集蛋白条带图像。
待细胞生长至70%~80%时进行转染。使用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化细胞,离心后重悬于新鲜培养基中。分别配置转染试剂(10 μL RNAiMAX+490 μL DMEM)和敲低试剂(10 μL siRNA+490 μL DMEM),随后将转染试剂和敲低试剂混匀后室温孵育20 min。将混合好的试剂缓慢均匀加入到悬浮细胞中,置于37 ℃、5%CO2培养箱中继续培养。转染结束6~8 h后更换细胞培养液,72 h后收集细胞。其中,1/3细胞用Western blot验证敲低效果,其余细胞用于后续的细胞功能试验。GPX7 siRNA序列及对照序列见表1。
使用RNA提取试剂盒提取细胞总RNA。对提取的RNA进行反转录,合成cDNA。采用荧光定量PCR CFX96 touch(Bio-Rad)平台检测基因表达的丰度。qRT-PCR反应总体积为20 μL,包括9.2 μL cDNA模板,10 μL (2×)SYBR Green qRT-PCR混合液,0.4 μL 10 μmol/L上游引物和0.4 μL下游引物。以GAPDH作为内参基因,每组重复3次。不同样品的相对表达量定量值为2-ΔΔCt。其中GPX7的引物如下:(上游)GCTGTTGTGAGGATTAGGA;(下游)GGATTATCA-TCGGCTGGAA。
实验操作遵循试剂盒说明书进行。选取处于对数生长期的细胞进行实验。将细胞消化后制备成悬浮液,并进行细胞计数。细胞接种于96孔板,每孔接种约3 000个细胞,每组设置3个复孔。待细胞贴壁后,向每孔中加入预先配制好的含有10% CCK-8试剂的培养基。将96孔板置于细胞培养箱中,孵育2 h。使用酶标仪在450 nm波长下测定各孔的吸光度[OD(450)]值。分别在第1、2、3、4天的同一时间点,按照上述步骤重复测量吸光度值。收集各时间点的吸光度数据,利用GraphPad Prism 10.0软件绘制细胞生长曲线,分析细胞增殖情况。
选取对数生长期细胞接种于6孔板,待细胞完全贴壁后,配制EdU工作液并加入孔板中37 ℃孵育4 h。弃培养基,用PBS洗涤1~2次。用4%多聚甲醛进行固定,并用含0.5% Triton X-100的PBS进行通透。后续染色步骤严格遵循试剂盒说明书操作流程,全程避光操作。加入反应液后室温孵育30 min,使荧光染料与EdU充分结合。用细胞核染料(DAPI)对细胞核进行染色,室温孵育5~10 min。使用荧光显微镜采集图像,镜下随机选取5个视野,通过Image J软件分析计算阳性细胞数,计算平均值即为该孔阳性细胞数,每组实验重复3次。细胞增殖率公式为:细胞增殖率=(实验组OD值-空白组OD值)/(对照组OD值-空白组OD值)×100%。
取处于对数生长期的细胞接种于6孔板中,待细胞完全贴壁。用PBS洗涤1次,加入1 mL β-半乳糖苷酶染色固定液,室温固定15 min。去除固定液后,用PBS洗涤3次。去除PBS后,每孔加入1 mL配置好的β-半乳糖苷酶染色工作液,37 ℃孵育过夜。使用普通光学显微镜采集图像,并进行细胞衰老的定量分析。
稳定细胞系构建步骤同本课题组前期研究[14]。GXP7 shRNA、shNC序列由中国天一辉远公司合成,通过将GXP7 shRNA、shNC的片段克隆到pSIH-H1-Puro质粒中,构建慢病毒载体。将构建好的慢病毒载体与慢病毒包装质粒(psPAX2和pMD2.G,质量比4∶3∶1)分别共转染至HEK293T细胞。转染48 h后收集含病毒颗粒的上清液,用0.450 μm滤器过滤后,用含病毒上清的培养基感染Hep3B细胞,加入聚凝胺(终浓度8 μg/mL)提高感染效率。在感染后48 h加入5 μg/mL嘌呤霉素,持续筛选14 d,每2天换液1次。利用qRT-PCR和Western blot鉴定敲低效果。其中shGPX7的序列为GGAAGGAGCCCACCTGGAA。
采用裸鼠建立肝癌小鼠模型。18只SPF级6周龄雄性裸鼠(体质量18~22 g)购自北京唯尚立德生物科技有限公司,按随机数字表法分为3组(n=6):shNC组、shGPX7组和shGPX7+740 Y-P组。shNC组小鼠右侧背部皮下接种5×106个Hep3B shNC细胞,另外2组小鼠皮下接种等量Hep3B shGPX7细胞。约1周后shNC组和shGPX7组小鼠腹腔注射20 μg/g生理盐水,shGPX7+740 Y-P组小鼠腹腔注射20 μg/g 740 Y-P,每天1次,持续2周。每3天测量小鼠成瘤体积,第21天使用成像仪观察肿瘤生长情况,第24天用4%~5%异氟烷麻醉小鼠后,颈椎脱位处死小鼠,分离肿瘤。被分离的肿瘤进一步进行免疫组化检测。小鼠饲养温度维持在22~25 ℃,湿度为40%~70%,昼夜节律为12 h。本研究设定了明确的人道终点,包括肿瘤体积达到2 cm3、出现恶液质等。实验动物的健康状况由专业人员每日监测,一旦发现动物达到人道终点,将立即采取安乐死措施,以避免动物遭受不必要的痛苦。该实验动物研究已经中国人民解放军空军特色医学中心伦理委员会的批准(2023-90-PJ21)。
收集2012年1月至2022年12月在解放军总医院第八医疗中心肝胆外科接受治疗性手术的56例HCC患者的石蜡包埋组织样本,包括肿瘤和邻近组织,用于IHC分析。每个登记受试者均签署书面知情同意书,该研究经中国人民解放军总医院伦理委员会批准(S2016-098-01)。
IHC步骤参考本课题组前期研究[15]。按照前期步骤,肝癌组织切片进行复水处理,并在4 ℃下与一抗孵育过夜,PBS清洗3次后在37 ℃下与二抗孵育1 h。经DAPI染色后,使用免疫荧光显微镜采集图像。通过分级系统评估细胞染色强度(无染色、弱阳性染色、阳性染色和强阳性染色分别计0、1、2、3分)。阳性细胞的百分比(≤25%、>25%~50%、>50%~75%和>75%)分别计1、2、3、4分。将染色强度评分和阳性比评分相乘后为IHC最终评分。由本院病理学家进行双人双盲独立评分。
临床病理指标包括计数资料采用频数和百分比(%)记录,计量资料采用x¯±s记录,等级资料采用等级频数和百分比(%)记录。数据分析采用SPSS 26.0和GraphPad Prism10.0软件,计数资料采用χ²检验,计量资料采用独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析,等级资料采用秩和检验;相关性分析采用Pearson或Spearman相关系数检验;生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法并使用Log-rank检验比较组间差异。所有检验均为双侧,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
通过分析泛癌数据库中不同肿瘤组织的GPX7的表达水平,显示GPX7在乳腺癌、结肠癌、肝癌和肺癌等多种肿瘤组织中高表达(图1A)。通过分析TCGA数据库中HCC和正常组织的转录组数据,评估GPX7基因的表达水平,结果显示,GPX7在肝癌组织中的表达水平显著高于正常组织(P<0.01,图1B),这一结果在配对样本的差异分析中得到了进一步验证(P<0.01,图1C)。生存分析表明,高表达GPX7的肝癌患者总生存期(overall survival,OS)显著短于低表达组(P=0.018,图1D)。此外,体外实验证实,GPX7在HepG2和Hep3B等肝癌细胞系中的表达水平也显著高于正常肝细胞QSG-7701(P均<0.01,图1E)。以上结果提示,GPX7在肝癌组织和细胞中均呈现高表达特征,且与患者的不良预后密切相关。
利用siRNA干扰技术敲低HCC细胞中的GPX7表达,通过Western blot和qRT-PCR检测敲低效果。结果显示,转染GPX7 siRNA后,细胞中GPX7的蛋白和mRNA表达水平均显著降低(P均<0.01,图2A)。其中,siGPX7-3的敲低效率最为显著,因此被选为后续实验的干预手段。CCK-8实验显示,GPX7敲低后肝癌细胞的增殖活性显著受到抑制(P<0.01,图2B),这一结果在EdU染色实验中得到了进一步验证(P<0.01,图2C)。SA-β-Gal染色显示,GPX7敲低组衰老细胞比例显著增加(P均<0.01,图2D),同时Western blot检测发现衰老相关蛋白p16和p21的表达水平明显上调(P均<0.01,图2E)。这些结果提示,GPX7可能通过调控细胞增殖和衰老进程影响肝癌细胞的恶性表型。
利用慢病毒构建稳定敲低GPX7的Hep3B细胞系(Hep3B-shGPX7)(图3A),并通过RNA-seq分析GPX7敲低后的转录组变化(图3B)。RNA-Seq分析显示,差异表达基因显著富集于PI3K-AKT信号通路(P<0.05,图3C),提示该通路可能介导GPX7对细胞衰老的调控作用。使用PI3K抑制剂LY294002处理HCC细胞,细胞中衰老标志物p16和p21蛋白水平显著升高(P均<0.01,图3D)。相反,当使用PI3K激活剂740 Y-P处理GPX7敲低的HCC细胞时,细胞PI3K下游通路被激活,部分恢复了Hep3B-shGPX7细胞的p-AKT活性,同时伴随衰老蛋白p16和p21表达下调(P均<0.01,图3E)。这些结果在衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶染色实验中得到进一步验证(P均<0.05,图3F)。这些结果提示GPX7缺失通过抑制PI3K-AKT信号通路促进HCC细胞衰老。
通过构建Hep3B-shGPX7细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型,检测肿瘤生长及增殖变化来探究GPX7在体内对肝癌生长的影响。实验结果显示:GPX7敲低显著抑制了肿瘤生长,表现为肿瘤体积缩小(P<0.01);PI3K激活剂740 Y-P处理可部分逆转GPX7敲低导致的肿瘤生长抑制(P<0.01,图4A~C)。进一步通过免疫组化检测肿瘤组织增殖标志物Ki-67发现:GPX7敲低组Ki-67阳性细胞率显著降低(P<0.01),而740 Y-P处理组Ki-67表达有所恢复(P<0.01,图4D)。这些体内实验数据与体外研究结果一致,证实GPX7通过调控PI3K-AKT通路影响肝癌细胞增殖能力,进而调控肿瘤生长。
通过对56例肝细胞癌患者的临床样本进行免疫组化分析,结果显示GPX7在肿瘤组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织(P<0.01,图5A、B)。将患者根据GPX7表达水平分为高、低表达组,进一步分析表明,GPX7的表达水平与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小和临床分期无显著相关性,但与肿瘤分化程度呈负相关(P=0.002 4,表2)。生存分析表明,GPX7高表达患者的总体生存期显著缩短(HR=2.61,95%CI:1.26~5.39,P=0.005,图5C)。这些临床数据与细胞和动物实验研究结果相互印证,共同提示GPX7在肝细胞癌发生发展中的重要作用及其作为预后标志物的潜在价值。
HCC是全球死亡率排名第三的恶性肿瘤,其治疗面临严峻挑战[16]。由于常规治疗敏感性不足,免疫治疗和靶向治疗的有效率不高,因此亟须探索新的治疗靶点和策略。GPX家族是抗氧化系统的重要成员,与HCC的发生发展密切相关。如GPX4在HCC中过表达,通过激活PTEN/PIN/PI3K/AKT信号传导并促进HCC转移[17];GPX8的下调激活了包括PI3K-AKT通路在内的多个信号通路,增加了HCC的干细胞特性和迁移能力[18]。GPX7作为哺乳动物细胞中关键的氧化还原酶,既往研究主要聚焦于其在维持细胞氧化还原稳态中的作用[19]。最新证据表明GPX7在多种恶性肿瘤(如胶质瘤、甲状腺癌和乳腺癌)的发生发展中具有重要调控功能[20-22]。基于上述背景,研究GPX7在HCC的作用机制为肿瘤的发展和治疗靶点提供了新的思路。
细胞衰老作为一种普遍存在的生物学现象,表现为细胞增殖能力减弱,衰老相关蛋白增加[23]。衰老通过建立稳定的增殖阻滞机制发挥关键作用,有效限制恶性细胞的表型可塑性[24]。对前列腺癌相关研究发现p16和p21的缺失可促进肿瘤发展[25]。在肝癌研究中,ARF1抑制剂诱导的细胞衰老不仅能抑制肿瘤增殖,还能促进T细胞的活化和浸润[26]。K-RAS G12V突变小鼠模型进一步证实了衰老的抑癌作用,在肺腺瘤阶段可观察到大量SA-β-GAL阳性衰老细胞,而在癌变阶段这些细胞显著减少[27]。多种抗肿瘤治疗手段包括化疗、放疗和靶向治疗均可诱导肿瘤细胞衰老,进一步证实了衰老的抑癌功能[28]。本研究聚焦GPX7在肝细胞癌中的作用,证实敲低GPX7可抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,促进细胞中p16和p21蛋白的增加,导致SA-β-GAL阳性衰老细胞比例的增加,证实了GPX7在调控HCC细胞增殖和衰老的作用。
二代测序分析结果表明GPX7敲低后差异基因主要富集在PI3K-AKT信号通路。PI3K-AKT信号通路的异常激活是癌症发生发展的关键步骤,且与治疗抗性相关[29]。近年来,靶向抑制该通路已成为抑制肿瘤生长的重要策略。如亚硒酸钠通过下调PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路抑制宫颈癌细胞生长[30];沉默KIFC3则能显著抑制非小细胞肺癌的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力[31]。此外,PI3K/AKT 通路与细胞衰老密切相关。原花青素通过激活该通路抑制髓核细胞凋亡和衰老,从而治疗椎间盘退变[32];黄芪提取物通过活化PI3K/AKT信号发挥抗衰老效应,在神经退行性疾病治疗中展现出应用前景[33]。本研究在细胞水平验证了敲低GPX7通过PI3K-AKT通路抑制细胞增殖,诱导肝细胞癌衰老,并在小鼠模型中证实了GPX7通过PI3K-AKT通路影响肿瘤生长。
本研究通过TCGA肝癌数据库分析发现,GPX7在肿瘤组织中的表达水平显著高于正常组织,且高表达GPX7与患者的不良预后密切相关。这一结果在临床样本的免疫组化分析中得到进一步验证,表明GPX7可能是HCC的一个重要预后标志物。该发现可能为肝细胞癌的靶向治疗提供新的潜在干预靶点。
本研究仍存在一些局限性。首先,本研究主要关注GPX7对细胞增殖和衰老的调控,而对其在免疫微环境中的潜在作用尚未深入探讨;其次,GPX7在正常肝细胞中的生理功能尚不明确。未来将通过单细胞测序和细胞间相互作用分析等手段,进一步验证和深化GPX7的具体调控机制。
综上所述,本研究证实GPX7通过PI3K-AKT通路驱动HCC细胞增殖并抑制衰老进程,是HCC治疗的潜在靶点。靶向GPX7或其下游通路可能为HCC精准治疗提供新策略,尤其对GPX7高表达患者具有临床转化潜力。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505063
  • 接收时间:2025-05-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26
  • 修回日期:2025-07-17
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    1解放军总医院:第一医学中心肝胆胰外科医学部,北京
    2解放军总医院:第八医学中心肝胆外科,北京
    3空军特色医学中心放射治疗科,北京

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Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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