Article(id=1322191104166974447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322191025829953744, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504040, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744214400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-10, revisedDate=1750435200000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793164524355, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1753804800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793164524355, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793164524355, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793164524355, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322191025829953744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1557', pageEnd='1684', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753804800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793164505679, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793164547848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322191202804420934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322191025829953744, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322191202804420935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322191025829953744, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1612, endPage=1622, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322191104619959280, articleId=1322191104166974447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Mutual regulation of HIF-1α and circ-UBE2G1 under hypoxic microenvironment promotes thyroid cancer metastasis, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the mechanism by which hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and circ-UBE2G1 mutually regulate and promote thyroid cancer (THCA) metastasis under hypoxic microenvironment.

‍Methods

‍The GEPIA database was used to analyze the expression characteristics and correlation between circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α in THCA. The relationship of circ-UBE2G1 and miR-330-3p with survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve. After THCA cells were exposed to hypoxia, HIF-1α was silenced by transfection to analyze its regulation for circ-UBE2G1 transcription. The targeting relationship between miR-330-3p and either circ-UBE2G1 or HIF-1α was verified by sequence prediction and dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of HIF-1α overexpression and circ-UBE2G1 silencing on THCA cell migration and invasion were analyzed after corresponding transfections. A tumor-bearing nude mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of THCA cells with HIF-1α overexpression and circ-UBE2G1 silencing, respectively. THCA tissues and adjacent normal samples were clinically collected to analyze the expression levels and correlations of circ-UBE2G1, miR-330-3p, and HIF-1α.

Results‍

Bioinformatics analysis showed that circ-UBE2G1 was positively correlated with HIF-1α (P<0.01), and its high expression was associated with a low survival rate in THCA patients (P=0.024). Inhibition of HIF-1α blocked the promotive effect of hypoxia on circ-UBE2G1 (P<0.05). Silencing circ-UBE2G1 inhibited the migration and invasion of THCA cells (P<0.05), and reversed the promotive effect of HIF-1α on these processes (P<0.05). Dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that miR-330-3p targeted both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α (P<0.05). Silencing circ-UBE2G1 led to increased levels of miR-330-3p (P<0.05), whereas increasing miR-330-3p inhibited the expression of HIF-1α (P<0.05). In clinical THCA samples, both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α were increased and positively correlated (P<0.05), while miR-330-3p was lowly expressed and negatively correlated with both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α (P<0.05).

Conclusion‍

Hypoxia promotes the transcription of circ-UBE2G1 by inducing HIF-1α expression, and circ-UBE2G1 promotes HIF-1α expression by targeting miR-330-3p, thereby promoting THCA metastasis.

, authors=Xiaoling DENG, Nengying ZHANG, Kaiguo LONG, Feng ZENG, authorsList=Xiaoling DENG, Nengying ZHANG, Kaiguo LONG, Feng ZENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Feng ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322191113042120707, articleId=1322191104166974447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=缺氧微环境下HIF-1α与circ-UBE2G1相互调控促进甲状腺癌转移, columnId=1322185528879993170, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究缺氧微环境下缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factor,HIF)-1α与circ-UBE2G1相互调控促进甲状腺癌(thyroid cancer,THCA)转移的机制。

方法

利用GEPIA数据库分析circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α在THCA中的表达特点及相关性,通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析circ-UBE2G1和miR-330-3p与生存率的关系。THCA细胞暴露于缺氧环境,通过转染沉默HIF-1α分析HIF-1α对circ-UBE2G1转录的调控,并通过转染来沉默circ-UBE2G1。通过靶序列预测和双荧光素酶报告基因验证miR-330-3p与circ-UBE2G1或HIF-1α的靶向关系。利用转染分析HIF-1α过表达以及circ-UBE2G1沉默对THCA细胞迁移和侵袭的影响。通过皮下注射HIF-1α过表达以及circ-UBE2G1沉默的THCA细胞构建荷瘤裸鼠模型。临床收集THCA组织和癌旁正常样本分析circ-UBE2G1、miR-330-3p与HIF-1α的表达及相关性。

结果

生信分析结果表明circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α呈正相关(P<0.01),circ-UBE2G1的高表达与THCA患者低生存率相关(P=0.024)。抑制HIF-1α阻断缺氧对circ-UBE2G1的促进作用(P<0.05)。沉默circ-UBE2G1抑制THCA细胞迁移和侵袭,逆转HIF-1α对其的促进作用(P<0.05)。双荧光素酶报告基因显示,miR-330-3p分别与circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α靶向结合(P<0.05)。沉默circ-UBE2G1导致miR-330-3p水平升高(P<0.05),而增加miR-330-3p则抑制HIF-1α的表达(P<0.05)。临床THCA样本中circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α均升高且呈正相关(P<0.05),并且THCA样本中miR-330-3p低表达且分别与circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α呈负相关(P<0.05)。

结论

缺氧通过诱导HIF-1α表达促进circ-UBE2G1的转录,circ-UBE2G1通过靶向miR-330-3p促进HIF-1α的表达,从而促进THCA转移。

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曾 峰,E-mail:
ZENG Feng,E-mail:
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Anticancer Drugs,2022,33(7):642-651., articleTitle=Circ_0058063 promotes progression of thyroid cancer by sponging miR-330-3p/SDC4 axis, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322191117207064581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322191117559386118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, companyId=1322191117207064581, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi,Guizhou,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322191117613912071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, companyId=1322191117207064581, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1遵义医科大学第二附属医院甲乳外科,贵州 遵义)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322191134814752814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2h/VQ00uIVfzfiIcEgMvqA==, figureFileBig=bSHWTNO5S7366P1U/DfUwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191135242571823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=CN, label=图1, caption=circ-UBE2G1与THCA预后的关系及与HIF-1α的相关性

A:Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析circ-UBE2G1与THCA患者生存率的关系;B:Pearson检验分析circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α在THCA组织中的相关性;C:Pearson检验分析circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α在外周血中的相关性

, figureFileSmall=2h/VQ00uIVfzfiIcEgMvqA==, figureFileBig=bSHWTNO5S7366P1U/DfUwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191137301975089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=V1YGjjaUcPJhxcUXsAHg3A==, figureFileBig=vePm17r+Fa18X6lrteVmFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191137381666866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=CN, label=图2, caption=HIF-1α调控circ-UBE2G1的转录

A:HIF-1α沉默的THCA细胞构建;B、C:RT-qPCR和Western blot检测缺氧以及沉默HIF-1α对THCA细胞中HIF-1α mRNA和蛋白水平的影响;D:RT-qPCR检测缺氧以及沉默HIF-1α对THCA细胞中circ-UBE2G1水平的影响;a:P<0.05,与Control比较;b:P<0.05,与Hypoxia比较

, figureFileSmall=V1YGjjaUcPJhxcUXsAHg3A==, figureFileBig=vePm17r+Fa18X6lrteVmFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191137444581427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ElLzm3oOmo1NPDClDRJ2uw==, figureFileBig=m02suhdmwwO20ShrGj7MkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191137692045364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=CN, label=图3, caption=HIF-1α通过诱导circ-UBE2G1调控THCA细胞迁移和侵袭

A、B:HIF-1α过表达的转染结果;C:circ-UBE2G1沉默的转染结果;D:CCK-8检测过表达HIF-1α和沉默circ-UBE2G1对THCA细胞活力的影响;E、F:划痕实验检测过表达HIF-1α和沉默circ-UBE2G1对THCA细胞迁移的影响;a:P<0.05,与Control比较;b:P<0.05,与HIF-1α比较

, figureFileSmall=ElLzm3oOmo1NPDClDRJ2uw==, figureFileBig=m02suhdmwwO20ShrGj7MkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191137801097269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=MFPie/o6itpkp0nCNuVJDg==, figureFileBig=H5RdvCXKtQWEy6QTQfR1jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191137868206134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=CN, label=续图3, caption=HIF-1α通过诱导circ-UBE2G1调控THCA细胞迁移和侵袭

E、F:划痕实验检测过表达HIF-1α和沉默circ-UBE2G1对THCA细胞迁移的影响;G:Transwell实验检测过表达HIF-1α和沉默circ-UBE2G1对THCA细胞迁移的影响(×100);a:P<0.05,与Control比较;b:P<0.05,与HIF-1α比较

, figureFileSmall=MFPie/o6itpkp0nCNuVJDg==, figureFileBig=H5RdvCXKtQWEy6QTQfR1jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191138115670071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FlGD+c1ysPY+BlnGXuvzPw==, figureFileBig=NsJXA0ziCd5OaEt+FiRvMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191138203750456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=CN, label=图4, caption=circ-UBE2G1通过靶向miR-330-3p调控HIF-1α的表达

A:韦恩图分析circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α各自靶向的miRNA的交集;B:沉默circ-UBE2G1对9种潜在靶向miRNA表达水平的影响;C:miR-330-3p在THCA组织中的表达特征;D:miR-330-3p表达水平与THCA患者生存率之间的相关性;E:双荧光素酶报告验证circ-UBE2G1与miR-330-3p之间的靶向调控关系;F:双荧光素酶报告验证HIF-1α与miR-330-3p之间的靶向关系;a:P<0.05,与NC/si-NC比较

, figureFileSmall=FlGD+c1ysPY+BlnGXuvzPw==, figureFileBig=NsJXA0ziCd5OaEt+FiRvMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191138279247929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=X+hrMjAPuENy1wwszSd8aA==, figureFileBig=z7UfmJUBdLv9m+OZ3z+SPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191138342162490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=CN, label=图5, caption=circ-UBE2G1通过miR-330-3p调控HIF-1α的表达

A:miR-330-3p过表达的THCA细胞的构建;B:circ-UBE2G1过表达的THCA细胞的构建;C、D:过表达miR-330-3p以及circ-UBE2G1对HIF-1α mRNA和蛋白水平的影响;a:P<0.05,与Control比较;b:P<0.05,与mimic比较

, figureFileSmall=X+hrMjAPuENy1wwszSd8aA==, figureFileBig=z7UfmJUBdLv9m+OZ3z+SPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191138593820731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=POJno/Jx7iBBoc/UMzBiEg==, figureFileBig=C19H8XimJjnVgnTjoQPyow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191138660929596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=CN, label=图6, caption=HIF-1α和circ-UBE2G1对体内THCA的影响

A、B:过表达HIF-1α以及沉默circ-UBE2G1对荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤体积和质量的影响;C:各组肿瘤组织中circ-UBE2G1水平比较;D:各组肿瘤组织中circ-miR-330-3p水平比较;E、F:各组肿瘤组织中HIF-1α mRNA和蛋白水平比较;a:P<0.05,与Control比较;b:P<0.05,与HIF-1α比较

, figureFileSmall=POJno/Jx7iBBoc/UMzBiEg==, figureFileBig=C19H8XimJjnVgnTjoQPyow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191138719649853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=l+4xRkETse9UNWExeod26A==, figureFileBig=eHxxbEWtmT84AqsgOkha5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322191138941947966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322191104166974447, language=CN, label=图7, caption=HIF-1α、circ-UBE2G1和miR-330-3p在THCA临床组织中的表达

A:THCA组织(Ca)和癌旁正常组织(Per)中HIF-1α蛋白水平的比较;B:THCA组织和癌旁正常组织中HIF-1α mRNA水平的比较;C:THCA组织和癌旁正常组织中circ-UBE2G1水平的比较;D:THCA组织和癌旁正常组织中HIF-1α蛋白水平的比较;E:Pearson检验分析THCA组织中HIF-1α与circ-UBE2G1的相关性;F:THCA组织和癌旁正常组织中miR-330-3p水平的比较;G:Pearson检验分析THCA组织中miR-330-3p与circ-UBE2G1的相关性;H:Pearson检验分析THCA组织中miR-330-3p与HIF-1α mRNA的相关性;a:P<0.05,与癌旁正常组织比较

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缺氧微环境下HIF-1α与circ-UBE2G1相互调控促进甲状腺癌转移
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邓小玲 , 张能英 , 龙开国 , 曾峰
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学 2025,47(14): 1612-1622
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陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学 2025 , 47 (14) : 1612 -1622
缺氧微环境下HIF-1α与circ-UBE2G1相互调控促进甲状腺癌转移
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邓小玲, 张能英, 龙开国, 曾峰
作者信息
  • 1遵义医科大学第二附属医院甲乳外科,贵州 遵义
通讯作者:
曾 峰,E-mail:
ZENG Feng,E-mail:
Mutual regulation of HIF-1α and circ-UBE2G1 under hypoxic microenvironment promotes thyroid cancer metastasis
Xiaoling DENG, Nengying ZHANG, Kaiguo LONG, Feng ZENG
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi,Guizhou,China
出版时间: 2025-07-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504040
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目的

探究缺氧微环境下缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factor,HIF)-1α与circ-UBE2G1相互调控促进甲状腺癌(thyroid cancer,THCA)转移的机制。

方法

利用GEPIA数据库分析circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α在THCA中的表达特点及相关性,通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析circ-UBE2G1和miR-330-3p与生存率的关系。THCA细胞暴露于缺氧环境,通过转染沉默HIF-1α分析HIF-1α对circ-UBE2G1转录的调控,并通过转染来沉默circ-UBE2G1。通过靶序列预测和双荧光素酶报告基因验证miR-330-3p与circ-UBE2G1或HIF-1α的靶向关系。利用转染分析HIF-1α过表达以及circ-UBE2G1沉默对THCA细胞迁移和侵袭的影响。通过皮下注射HIF-1α过表达以及circ-UBE2G1沉默的THCA细胞构建荷瘤裸鼠模型。临床收集THCA组织和癌旁正常样本分析circ-UBE2G1、miR-330-3p与HIF-1α的表达及相关性。

结果

生信分析结果表明circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α呈正相关(P<0.01),circ-UBE2G1的高表达与THCA患者低生存率相关(P=0.024)。抑制HIF-1α阻断缺氧对circ-UBE2G1的促进作用(P<0.05)。沉默circ-UBE2G1抑制THCA细胞迁移和侵袭,逆转HIF-1α对其的促进作用(P<0.05)。双荧光素酶报告基因显示,miR-330-3p分别与circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α靶向结合(P<0.05)。沉默circ-UBE2G1导致miR-330-3p水平升高(P<0.05),而增加miR-330-3p则抑制HIF-1α的表达(P<0.05)。临床THCA样本中circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α均升高且呈正相关(P<0.05),并且THCA样本中miR-330-3p低表达且分别与circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α呈负相关(P<0.05)。

结论

缺氧通过诱导HIF-1α表达促进circ-UBE2G1的转录,circ-UBE2G1通过靶向miR-330-3p促进HIF-1α的表达,从而促进THCA转移。

甲状腺癌  /  缺氧  /  circ-UBE2G1  /  miR-330-3p  /  HIF-1α
Objective

To investigate the mechanism by which hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and circ-UBE2G1 mutually regulate and promote thyroid cancer (THCA) metastasis under hypoxic microenvironment.

‍Methods

‍The GEPIA database was used to analyze the expression characteristics and correlation between circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α in THCA. The relationship of circ-UBE2G1 and miR-330-3p with survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve. After THCA cells were exposed to hypoxia, HIF-1α was silenced by transfection to analyze its regulation for circ-UBE2G1 transcription. The targeting relationship between miR-330-3p and either circ-UBE2G1 or HIF-1α was verified by sequence prediction and dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of HIF-1α overexpression and circ-UBE2G1 silencing on THCA cell migration and invasion were analyzed after corresponding transfections. A tumor-bearing nude mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of THCA cells with HIF-1α overexpression and circ-UBE2G1 silencing, respectively. THCA tissues and adjacent normal samples were clinically collected to analyze the expression levels and correlations of circ-UBE2G1, miR-330-3p, and HIF-1α.

Results‍

Bioinformatics analysis showed that circ-UBE2G1 was positively correlated with HIF-1α (P<0.01), and its high expression was associated with a low survival rate in THCA patients (P=0.024). Inhibition of HIF-1α blocked the promotive effect of hypoxia on circ-UBE2G1 (P<0.05). Silencing circ-UBE2G1 inhibited the migration and invasion of THCA cells (P<0.05), and reversed the promotive effect of HIF-1α on these processes (P<0.05). Dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that miR-330-3p targeted both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α (P<0.05). Silencing circ-UBE2G1 led to increased levels of miR-330-3p (P<0.05), whereas increasing miR-330-3p inhibited the expression of HIF-1α (P<0.05). In clinical THCA samples, both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α were increased and positively correlated (P<0.05), while miR-330-3p was lowly expressed and negatively correlated with both circ-UBE2G1 and HIF-1α (P<0.05).

Conclusion‍

Hypoxia promotes the transcription of circ-UBE2G1 by inducing HIF-1α expression, and circ-UBE2G1 promotes HIF-1α expression by targeting miR-330-3p, thereby promoting THCA metastasis.

thyroid cancer  /  hypoxia  /  circ-UBE2G1  /  miR-330-3p  /  HIF-1α
邓小玲, 张能英, 龙开国, 曾峰. 缺氧微环境下HIF-1α与circ-UBE2G1相互调控促进甲状腺癌转移. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (14) : 1612 -1622 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504040
Xiaoling DENG, Nengying ZHANG, Kaiguo LONG, Feng ZENG. Mutual regulation of HIF-1α and circ-UBE2G1 under hypoxic microenvironment promotes thyroid cancer metastasis[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (14) : 1612 -1622 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504040
据统计,全球每年约有59万例甲状腺癌(thyroid cancer,THCA)新发病例,占总肿瘤病例的3.0%,排名第11位,每年有超过4万名患者因THCA死亡[1]。THCA的发病机理复杂,涉及碘异常、激素失衡、环境因素、遗传因素以及这些因素之间的相互作用[2]。尽管新的免疫疗法不断被应用于临床实践,但晚期THCA的预后仍然不佳[3],且多数患者在确诊时已错过最佳手术时机,甚至出现浸润和转移[4]。因此,深入分析THCA的进展机制具有重要意义。
癌细胞的转移与缺氧环境密切相关,肿瘤细胞快速增殖的特性导致对氧气的需求量大增[5]。同时,随着肿瘤体积的迅速扩大,相应的血管系统发育却相对滞后,导致供氧不足[6]。在这2个因素共同作用下,使得肿瘤内部出现缺氧状态,而缺氧正是促进THCA转移的关键因素。WANG等[7]的研究指出,缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factor,HIF)-1α能够促进糖酵解过程,并参与THCA的病情进展。YANG等[8]发现缺氧通过激活HIF-1α来促进上皮-间质转化,进而导致THCA的转移。然而,HIF-1α表达的调控机制及其在转移过程中的具体作用仍待进一步阐明。
circRNA是一种特殊的非编码RNA,它在真核生物pre-mRNA的反向剪接过程中形成,通过共价连接其3'和5'端构成闭环结构,circRNA参与THCA的进展以及转移过程,如circ-MYBL2[9]、circ-NRCAM[10]等。值得注意的是,circRNA的表达也可以受缺氧诱导,如THCA中的circ-DENND4C[11]。重要的是,HIF-1α也参与circRNA的转录调控,如circ-ERBIN[12]。最新研究报道显示,circ-UBE2G1通过靶向HIF-1α来诱导炎症反应[13]。然而,circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α在THCA中的临床特征以及它们在转移调控中的具体作用仍需进一步深入研究。
因此,本研究分析circ-UBE2G1在THCA中的临床特点,并探讨circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α对THCA转移的调控机制,以期为THCA转移的临床评估及治疗提供新的思路和方向。
使用GEPIA工具对THCA病例进行分析,共纳入510例病例进行Kaplan-Meier分析,按circ-UBE2G1中位数分为低表达组(n=255)和高表达组(n=255),通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线比较2组患者总生存率。采用Pearson检验方法检测THCA组织及外周血中circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α的相关性。以Starbase数据库中509例THCA组织及58例正常组织中miR-330-3p水平进行比较,根据miR-330-3p中位数将THCA病例分为低表达组(n=287)和高表达组(n=219),比较2组总体生存率。
2021年7月至2022年7月收集10例THCA及癌旁正常样本。纳入标准:①经病理学检测确诊为THCA;②首次确诊;③患者知晓研究用途并同意。排除标准:入组前接受过手术、放疗、化疗、免疫疗法等针对THCA的治疗。组织采集经遵义医科大学第二附属医院伦理委员会批准[YXLL(KY-R)-2021-030]。
人正常甲状腺细胞HTori-3(YS4003C,雅吉,上海)和甲状腺癌(THCA)细胞ACT-1(YB-H1078,易佰科学,中国)在含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基(Gibco,美国)中培养。细胞在20% O2、5% CO2、37 ℃和95%湿度的培养箱中培养。缺氧的模拟,将细胞在1% O2条件下培养48 h。
细胞分组1:Control、Hypoxia、si-HIF-1α、Hypoxia+si-HIF-1α,根据分组名称,转染si-HIF-1α来沉默HIF-α或者在1% O2的缺氧条件下培养。细胞分组2:Control、HIF-1α、si-circ-UBE2G1、HIF-1α+si-circ-UBE2G1,根据分组名称,转染HIF-1α过表达质粒以及si-circ-UBE2G1,或者共转染HIF-1α和si-circ-UBE2G1。细胞分组3:Control、circ-UBE2G1、mimic、circ-UBE2G1+mimic,根据分组名称,分别转染circ-UBE2G1以及miR-330-3p mimic,或者共转染circ-UBE2G1和miR-330-3p mimic。转染48 h后检测各组细胞活力、迁移和增殖能力。
HIF-1α、si-HIF-1α、circ-UBE2G1、si-circ-UBE2G1、miR-330-3p mimic及对应的NC/siNC均购自吉玛公司。HIF-1α的cDNA序列来自人类基因组(NM_001530),载体为pLVX-HIF-1α。针对HIF-1α mRNA的特异性siRNA序列为5′-GGAUUCAAGUGUAGGA-GAA-3′,载体为pSilencer3.1-HIF-1α。circ-UBE2G1的序列来自NM_003342.5,载体为pENTR/H1/TO。si-circ-UBE2G1的序列为5′-GGAUUCAAGUGUAGG-AGAA-3′,载体为pENTR/H1/TO。miR-330-3p mimic序列:5′-GCAAAGCACACGGCCUGCAGAGA-3′,载体为miRNA过表达载体。实施单转染或者共转染具体方法:首先,将50 pmol(0.67 μg)质粒稀释于25 μL无血清DMEM中作为试剂A。将1 μL EntransterTM-R4000(Engreen,中国)与24 μL无血清DMEM混合25 min作为试剂B。将25 μL试剂A与25 μL试剂B充分混合(用移液器吸干10次),静置15 min后作为转染复合物。用50 μL转染复合物转染0.45 mL完全培养基中的细胞,转染等量的NC或siNC质粒作为对照。
将组织或者细胞置于1.5 mL的EP管中,并在冰上加入1 mL的Trizol。每使用1 mL的Trizol,加入0.2 mL氯仿,剧烈摇晃15 s,然后在室温下放置3 min,接着在4 ℃下以12 000×g的转速离心15 min。将上层水相转移到新管中,用水相中的异丙醇沉淀RNA,并在上述条件下离心10 min。弃去上清液后,用75%乙醇洗涤RNA沉淀。每使用1 mL的Trizol,至少加入1 mL的75%乙醇,然后在4 ℃下以7 500×g的转速离心5 min。将RNA沉淀在室温下晾干3~5 min。加入25 μL无RNase的水溶解RNA。在检测circ-UBE2G1时,使用RNase-R在逆转录前消除线性mRNA。分别使用PrimeScript RT Kit(#DRR037A,TaKaRa)和miRNeasy Mini Kit(#217004,qiagen)将mRNA和miRNA逆转录成cDNA。使用SYBR Green试剂(#A2203XL,雅吉,中国)和TaqMan miRNA(KMD122014,KEMOBio,中国)进行qPCR扩增。采用2-ΔΔCt方法,circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α mRNA内参为GAPDH,miR-330-3p内参为U6。
使用100 μL细胞裂解液、1 μL蛋白酶抑制剂和1 μL苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)混合而成的裂解液来裂解细胞或组织。经过离心处理(12 000×g,4 ℃,15 min)后,将上清液收集到另一个1.5 mL的离心管中。取2.5 μL样本与22.5 μL三蒸水混合,使用二辛可宁酸法测定蛋白质浓度。采用8%~12%的十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)进行分离。然后进行转膜,90 V恒压转膜90 min。结束转膜后,将胶片放入含5%脱脂奶粉的TBST,摇床封闭2 h。随后加入兔抗HIF-1α一抗(1∶1 000,ab179483,Abcam,美国),同样在4 ℃下孵育过夜。之后,与二抗(1∶2 000,ab6721)在37 ℃下孵育2 h。使用ECL试剂盒(Amersham Biote)和IPP6.0软件进行印迹可视化,并通过内参GAPDH获得相对表达水平。
将浓度为5×104/mL的细胞悬液(100 μL)加入96孔板的各孔中。在培养1、2、3 d后,加入10 μL CCK-8溶液。将孔板置于37 ℃的轨道摇床上轻轻摇晃1 min,以确保充分混匀。继续孵育2 h以促进脱氢反应,随后再次孵育2 h。使用微孔板读数器(HBS-1096A,德铁,中国)检测450 nm波长下的光密度值。
将3×105个细胞/mL接种于带有插入物的培养皿(#80206,IBIDI)中,培养24 h以获得100%光学融合的细胞层。采用1 mL移液器组合1 mL和200 μL的吸头,利用其自重在尺子的辅助下在细胞层划出一条直线伤痕。使用PBS缓冲液清洗掉被划掉的以及漂浮的细胞。添加无血清培养基培养,在0 h记录各组细胞的初始状态,然后在37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱中继续培养24 h后,再次拍摄并记录细胞状态。
将Matrigel(RC-CA004,赛奥斯,中国)在4 ℃下解冻,并按1∶7的比例加入培养基中稀释。将50 μL的Matrigel滴入Transwell小室(2-3032-C,CHI Scientific,中国)中,静置0.5 h。将含有100 μL细胞(5×104/mL)的Transwell小室置于下层工作液中,并一起放入24孔板中。24 h后,用PBS洗涤细胞,用0.1%结晶紫染色侵袭细胞20 min,并在光学显微镜(ICX41M,顺宇,中国)下观察。
首先,使用Lipofectamine® 2000将1 μg野生型(wt)-circ-UBE2G1/HIF-1α-pGL4(Promega公司,美国)或突变型(mut)-circ-UBE2G1/HIF-1α-pGL4(由QuickMutationTM Kit诱导,碧云天,中国)、50 nmol miR-330-3p或阴性对照(NC)以及150 ng 海肾荧光素酶(RG062M,碧云天,中国)转染入3×104个细胞中,在37 ℃下培养36 h。使用双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒(Promega,美国)检测荧光素酶活性。所有数据均根据海肾荧光素酶活性进行归一化处理。
4周龄BALB/C裸鼠(购自中国Charles River公司)饲养在温度为(24±1)℃、相对湿度为(60±5)%的环境中。首先,将分别转染了pcDNA 3.1 HIF-1α和/或si-circ-UBE2G1的5×106个细胞重悬于200 μL磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中。使用酒精棉球擦拭小鼠腋下区域进行消毒,然后插入注射针头并左右轻微晃动,若感觉无阻力,即确认针头已进入皮下。缓慢推注细胞悬液,注射过程中可见明显隆起。注射完毕后,缓慢拔出针头,并用酒精棉球按压穿刺点约10 s,以防止细胞悬液外流。当对照组的肿瘤体积达到1 500 mm3时,立即对小鼠实施安乐死(采用颈椎脱臼法)。本实验所有动物操作均已获得遵义医科大学第二附属医院伦理委员会的批准[YXLL(KY-R)-2021-030]。
使用SAS 6.12(SPSS,美国)对结果进行可视化,使用t检验、单因素方差分析或Tukey检验分析组间差异。双尾P< 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
GEPIA中共纳入510例病例进行Kaplan-Meier分析,按circ-UBE2G1中位数分为低表达组(n=255)和高表达组(n=255)。circ-UBE2G1高表达患者生存率明显低于circ-UBE2G1低表达患者(P=0.024,图1A)。此外,circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α在THCA组织和外周血中呈正相关(P<0.001,图1B、C)。
为了分析HIF-1α对circ-UBE2G1转录的影响,构建HIF-1α沉默的THCA细胞(P<0.05,图2A),在1%的O2条件下诱导细胞48 h构建缺氧环境,结果表明circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α水平相关,缺氧诱导circ-UBE2G1的表达增加(P<0.05),而沉默HIF-1α不但抑制circ-UBE2G1的水平,而且阻断了缺氧对circ-UBE2G1的诱导(P<0.05,图2B~D)。
构建HIF-1α过表达和/或circ-UBE2G1沉默的THCA细胞,为进一步阐明HIF-1α通过调控circ-UBE2G1对转移的影响,分别构建了HIF-1α过表达以及circ-UBE2G1沉默的THCA细胞(图3A~C)。结果显示,与Control组比较,HIF-1α组的细胞活力、迁移和侵袭的能力显著升高(P<0.05),circ-UBE2G1组的细胞活力、迁移和侵袭的能力显著降低(P<0.05),而HIF-1α+si-circ-UBE2G1组的细胞活力、迁移和侵袭的能力显著低于HIF-1α组(P<0.05,图3D~G)。
通过序列分析寻找circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α之间可能存在的靶miRNA,并发现了9个共有的miRNA:miR-330-3p、miR-888-5p、miR-493-5p、miR-199b-5p、miR-411-3p、miR-199a-5p、miR-379-3p、miR-338-3p和miR-155-5p(图4A)。随后,在THCA细胞中构建circ-UBE2G1沉默的模型,并检测这9个miRNA的表达变化,结果发现miR-330-3p的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05,图4B)。生物信息学分析也揭示,在THCA组织中miR-330-3p的表达下调(P<0.05,图4C),并且miR-330-3p的低表达与THCA的不良预后密切相关(P=0.016,图4D)。通过分子细胞实验,证实miR-330-3p分别靶向与circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α结合(P<0.05,图4E、F)。
构建circ-UBE2G1过表达以及miR-330-3p过表达TCHA细胞(P<0.05,图5A、B)。结果显示过表达miR-330-3p抑制HIF-1α mRNA和蛋白表达(P<0.05),过表达circ-UBE2G1不仅促进HIF-1α mRNA和蛋白表达(P<0.05),而且逆转miR-330-3p对HIF-1α的抑制(P<0.05,图5C、D)。
分别利用circ-UBE2G1沉默以及HIF-1α过表达的THCA细胞构建荷瘤裸鼠模型(图6A)。过表达HIF-1α导致肿瘤体积和质量增加(P<0.05),而沉默circ-UBE2G1降低则抑制肿瘤体积和质量(P<0.05),HIF-1α+si-circ-UBE2G1组肿瘤体积和质量大于si-circ-UBE2G1组,低于HIF-1α组(P<0.05,图6B)。此外,HIF-1α的升高也促进了肿瘤组织中circ-UBE2G1的水平并抑制了miR-330-3p(P<0.05),而沉默circ-UBE2G1导致HIF-1α降低和miR-330-3p升高(P<0.05,图6C、D)。HIF-1α+si-circ-UBE2G1组HIF-1α、circ-UBE2G1低于HIF-1α组、高于si-circ-UBE2G1组(P<0.05),miR-330-3p高于HIF-1α组、低于si-circ-UBE2G1组(P<0.05,图6E、F)。
在THCA组织中,HIF-1α和circ-UBE2G1水平显著上调(P<0.05,图7A~D),且两者呈正相关(P<0.05,图7E)。而miR-330-3p在THCA中降低(P<0.05,图7F),且与HIF-1α和circ-UBE2G1分别呈负相关(P<0.05,图7G、H)。
我国THCA的发病率约为15/10万人年,5年生存率约为85%,尽管THCA的恶性程度相对较低,但仍有约5%的局部晚期THCA患者面临无法手术的问题[14]。THCA的转移是导致其死亡率上升的主要原因[15],由于对THCA转移机制的了解不足,目前尚缺乏有效的治疗方法。
THCA的转移与肿瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭能力密切相关,而缺氧是触发这些转移过程的关键因素[16]。肿瘤缺氧主要是由于血管异常引起的氧供应不足与氧消耗增加之间的不平衡所导致的,肿瘤细胞的快速增殖加剧了氧的消耗,从而限制了氧气进一步扩散到肿瘤组织中的量[17]。癌症难以治愈的一个重要原因是肿瘤细胞能够不断适应其所处的不利微环境。HIF-1α是一种在缺氧条件下广泛表达的转录因子,其表达与肿瘤的侵袭、迁移、血管生成等过程紧密相关[18]。HIF-1α能够通过诱导多种促癌因子的转录来促进肿瘤的转移,因此,靶向HIF-1α已成为治疗肿瘤转移的一种重要策略。
circRNA是通过反向剪接形成的闭合环状RNA分子,其3'和5'端相连形成环状结构,从而避免被外切酶降解[19],最新研究表明,HIF-1α能够通过促进circ-ZNF91的转录表达来参与肿瘤的进展过程[20]。为了探寻在THCA中受HIF-1α调控的circRNA,首先进行了生物信息学分析,发现circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α之间存在显著的正相关关系,且circ-UBE2G1的高表达与THCA患者的低生存率相关联,这一初步发现提示我们,circ-UBE2G1可能是一个由缺氧诱导的基因。为了验证这一点,本研究构建了HIF-1α沉默的THCA细胞模型,实验结果显示,缺氧环境能够促进circ-UBE2G1的表达,而抑制HIF-1α则能够阻断缺氧对circ-UBE2G1的诱导作用,从而证实了缺氧环境下circ-UBE2G1确实受到HIF-1α的调控。此外,细胞实验也显示沉默circ-UBE2G1会导致THCA细胞的迁移和侵袭能力受阻,并逆转了HIF-1α对它们的促进作用。这些结果进一步证实了在缺氧环境下,HIF-1α诱导的THCA转移与circ-UBE2G1的表达密切相关。
circRNA能够竞争性地靶向miRNA,进而在转录后水平上抑制miRNA的功能并调控HIF-1α的表达,例如,circ-100859通过靶向miR-217来促进HIF-1α的表达,从而推动结肠癌的进展[21]。此外,HIF-1α和circRNA存在双向调控的机制,circRNA可以通过miRNA的靶向作用来促进HIF-1α的表达,而HIF-1α也反过来调控circRNA,例如,LIU等[22]研究发现,在胃癌中,circ-MAT2B能够竞争性地结合靶向HIF-1α的miR-515-5p,从而促进HIF-1α的表达;而HIF-1α的升高反过来又会进一步提升circ-MAT2B的水平。也有研究显示circ-ZNF778-006通过靶向miR-18b-5p促进HIF-1α表达来促进食管鳞状细胞癌进展[23]。为了探究circ-UBE2G1在THCA中调控HIF-1α的具体机制,本研究分别预测了circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α可能靶向的miRNA,并最终确定了9个候选miRNA。利用TCGA数据库进行差异表达分析和生存分析后,本研究发现miR-330-3p在THCA组织中表达下调,且其低表达与THCA患者的预后不良密切相关。双荧光素酶报告实验显示,miR-330-3p能够分别与circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α结合。并且,当沉默circ-UBE2G1时,miR-330-3p的水平会显著升高;而增加miR-330-3p的表达则会导致HIF-1α的表达降低。根据文献报道,miR-330-3p在THCA中具有肿瘤抑制作用[24],并且可以被circ-RNA例如circ-0058063靶向调控[25]。本研究结果显示缺氧条件通过诱导HIF-1α的增加提升circ-UBE2G1的表达水平,并且circ-UBE2G1不仅被HIF-1α诱导,而且circ-UBE2G1反过来靶向并促进HIF-1α,从而形成反馈回路,导致缺氧条件下circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α高表达。
此外,荷瘤裸鼠实验结果显示,过表达HIF-1α在体内促进circ-UBE2G1表达和肿瘤生长,而沉默circ-UBE2G1抑制肿瘤生长、增强了miR-330-3p在体内抑制HIF-1α的作用,进而阻断了HIF-1α对THCA的促进作用。更重要的是,在临床THCA样本中circ-UBE2G1与HIF-1α均升高且二者呈正相关,并且THCA中miR-330-3p低表达且分别与circ-UBE2G1和HIF-1α负相关,结合本研究实验结果和文献报道,提示circ-UBE2G1能够通过靶向miR-330-3p来促进HIF-1α的表达。
综上,缺氧引起的HIF-1α上调促进了circ-UBE2G1的转录,而circ-UBE2G1通过靶向miR-330-3p促进HIF-1α的表达,从而进一步促进THCA转移,机制示意图见图8。这提示circ-UBE2G1/HIF-1α轴可能成为THCA诊疗的一个靶点。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504040
  • 接收时间:2025-04-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-07-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10
  • 修回日期:2025-06-21
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    1遵义医科大学第二附属医院甲乳外科,贵州 遵义

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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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