Article(id=1322185541538394708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504036, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745683200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-27, revisedDate=1746547200000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793163198122, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793163198122, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793163198122, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793163198122, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322185527667839311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1413', pageEnd='1555', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752508800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793163194815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793163440436, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1429, endPage=1443, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322185541756498517, articleId=1322185541538394708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=ORF1p promotes proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating AJUBA expression, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effects of open reading frame 1 protein (ORF1p), encoded by long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1), on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods

① Western blotting was performed to compare the expression of ORF1p between normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells and ESCC cells. ② Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was used to examine ORF1p expression in ESCC tissues and paired normal tissues adjacent to tumor. ③ The effects of ORF1p knockdown and overexpression on malignant behaviors in ESCC cells were determined through functional assays. ④ Xenograft tumor model in nude mice was established to evaluate the impact of ORF1p on tumor growth in vivo. ⑤ Transcriptome sequencing combined with cell functional rescue experiments were conducted to identify downstream targets regulated by ORF1p.

Results

① Western blot analysis demonstrated the expression of ORF1p was significantly higher in the ESCC cell lines than the normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells (P<0.05). ② IHC confirmed remarkable up-regulation of ORF1p in ESCC tissues than paired adjacent normal tissues (P<0.000 1). ③ Functional assays and experiments on xenograft tumor models revealed that ORF1p substantially enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells, as well as tumorigenic potential in vivo (P<0.05). ④ Functional rescue experiments showed that ORF1p facilitated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells by modulating AJUBA expression (P<0.05).

Conclusion‍

ORF1p is significantly up-regulated in ESCC and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells by regulating AJUBA expression.

, authors=Fan YANG, Jiangyang LI, Xiaoyan DAI, He XIAO, Yang PENG, Xueling TONG, Nan DAI, Mengxia LI, authorsList=Fan YANG, Jiangyang LI, Xiaoyan DAI, He XIAO, Yang PENG, Xueling TONG, Nan DAI, Mengxia LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Nan DAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322185544919003749, articleId=1322185541538394708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=ORF1p通过调控AJUBA表达促进食管鳞状细胞癌细胞增殖和侵袭的研究, columnId=1322185528879993170, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨长散在核元件-1(long interspersed nuclear element-1,LINE-1)编码的开放阅读框1蛋白(open reading frame 1 protein,ORF1p)对食管鳞状细胞癌细胞(以下简称食管鳞癌细胞)增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响及其潜在分子机制。

方法

①Western blot实验检测ORF1p在食管正常鳞状上皮细胞和食管鳞癌细胞中的表达差异。②免疫组化实验检测ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌和配对正常组织中的表达情况。③细胞水平敲低及过表达ORF1p,细胞功能实验研究ORF1p对食管鳞癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。④裸鼠成瘤实验验证ORF1p对食管鳞癌细胞体内成瘤的影响。⑤转录组测序分析结合细胞功能回复实验,筛选受ORF1p调控的下游靶点。

结果

①Western blot实验显示ORF1p在食管鳞癌细胞中均高于正常食管鳞状上皮细胞(P<0.05)。②免疫组化染色实验证实ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中明显上调(P<0.000 1)。③细胞功能实验及裸鼠成瘤实验显示,ORF1p明显促进食管鳞癌细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭和体内成瘤能力(P<0.05)。④细胞功能回复实验证实ORF1p通过调控AJUBA表达促进食管鳞癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭(P<0.05)。

结论

ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌中显著上调,ORF1p通过调控AJUBA表达促进食管鳞癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。

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戴 楠,E-mail:
DAI Nan,E-mail:.
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Biomed Res Int,2022,2022:3321409., articleTitle=Ajuba overexpression promotes breast cancer chemoresistance and glucose uptake through TAZ-GLUT3/survivin pathway, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185545132913254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185545145496167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, companyId=1322185545132913254, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Oncology,Amy Medical Center of PLA/Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185545158079080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, companyId=1322185545132913254, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)肿瘤科,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322185549658567325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JGDyW8tBFh/4/sG5eG/BFg==, figureFileBig=LngGuT01fd3dDGZ4C0WeLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185549734064798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=CN, label=图1, caption=ORF1p在食管鳞癌细胞及组织中表达显著上调

a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01,c:P<0.001,与Het-1A细胞比较;d:P<0.000 1,与正常食管组织比较A:Western blot检测ORF1p在Het-1A、ECA109、ECA9706、TE-1、TE-13和KYSE150细胞中的表达情况;B:免疫组化检测ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌及癌旁正常组织中的表达情况

, figureFileSmall=JGDyW8tBFh/4/sG5eG/BFg==, figureFileBig=LngGuT01fd3dDGZ4C0WeLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185549939585695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=aiMi0A5daKubGg/bsqhdRA==, figureFileBig=ffaf0X9eLtlwsfzIupq8yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185550019277472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=CN, label=图2, caption=成功构建ORF1p敲低和过表达食管鳞癌细胞模型

a:P<0.001,b:P<0.000 1,与对照组比较A:Western blot检测ECA109和KYSE150细胞转染si-ORF1p#1和si-ORF1p#2后ORF1p的表达情况;B:Western blot检测ECA109和KYSE150细胞转染ORF1p过表达慢病毒后ORF1p的表达情况

, figureFileSmall=aiMi0A5daKubGg/bsqhdRA==, figureFileBig=ffaf0X9eLtlwsfzIupq8yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185550090580641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=//jxQPpjGI4hyoWwAn7S4A==, figureFileBig=vPijLNqFqD9QJ/Qa3mLGrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185550170272418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=CN, label=图3, caption=ORF1p促进食管鳞癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭

a:P<0.05,b:P<0.001,与对照组比较A、B:CCK-8和EdU实验检测敲低及过表达ORF1p对ECA109和KYSE150细胞增殖的影响;C:细胞划痕实验检测敲低及过表达ORF1p对ECA109和KYSE150细胞迁移和侵袭的影响

, figureFileSmall=//jxQPpjGI4hyoWwAn7S4A==, figureFileBig=vPijLNqFqD9QJ/Qa3mLGrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185550241575587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=XWk+PXcK8O3fE8Sdk1+Asg==, figureFileBig=UP4OXo5xCWnCWjjQ7bNQ0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185550317073060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=CN, label=图4, caption=ORF1p促进食管鳞癌细胞的体内成瘤能力

a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01,c:P<0.001,与对照组比较A:裸鼠皮下成瘤实验流程图;B:各组第28天肿瘤组织实体图;C、D:各组移植瘤体积和体质量情况;E:免疫组化检测各组移植瘤ORF1p表达水平及Ki67阳性细胞数量;F:HE染色观察移植瘤组织和细胞形态

, figureFileSmall=XWk+PXcK8O3fE8Sdk1+Asg==, figureFileBig=UP4OXo5xCWnCWjjQ7bNQ0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185550388376229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PZ2nZjp/OVq0kzqOdYGnbQ==, figureFileBig=n+RxELjPQoHjRDKy8rpHlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185550463873702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=CN, label=图5, caption=转录组学测序筛选受ORF1p调控的基因和通路

A:KYSE150细胞敲低ORF1p后的2倍差异基因火山图;B:KYSE150细胞敲低ORF1p后的差异基因进行GO功能富集分析;C:KYSE150细胞敲低ORF1p后的差异基因进行KEGG通路富集分析;D:KYSE150细胞敲低ORF1p后前20位上、下调基因的热力图

, figureFileSmall=PZ2nZjp/OVq0kzqOdYGnbQ==, figureFileBig=n+RxELjPQoHjRDKy8rpHlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185550522593959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nMTqwRv6nv/3S62b+RJyMw==, figureFileBig=RqzSO3PUMWMRRiOpuV3SNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185550589702824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=CN, label=图6, caption=ORF1p通过调控下游靶点AJUBA促进食管鳞癌细胞增殖

a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01,c:P<0.001,d:P<0.000 1,与对照组比较A、B:Western blot检测ECA109和KYSE150细胞中敲低和过表达ORF1p对AJUBA表达的影响

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siRNA名称序列(5′→3′)
si-ORF1p#1[10]正向:GAGAACGCCACAAAGAUACTT
反向:GUAUCUUUGUGGCGUUCUCTT
si-ORF1p#2[11]正向:AAGGAGGUGCACUAUAAGAAC
反向:GUUCUUAUAGUGCACCUCCUU
si-AJUBA[12]正向:CCAAGUAUACUGUGUCACCTT
反向:GGUGACACAGUAUACUUGGTT
si-NC正向:UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT
反向:ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT
), ArticleFig(id=1322185550929441452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

siRNA序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
siRNA名称序列(5′→3′)
si-ORF1p#1[10]正向:GAGAACGCCACAAAGAUACTT
反向:GUAUCUUUGUGGCGUUCUCTT
si-ORF1p#2[11]正向:AAGGAGGUGCACUAUAAGAAC
反向:GUUCUUAUAGUGCACCUCCUU
si-AJUBA[12]正向:CCAAGUAUACUGUGUCACCTT
反向:GGUGACACAGUAUACUUGGTT
si-NC正向:UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT
反向:ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT
), ArticleFig(id=1322185551030104750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称序列(5'→3')
ORF1p上游:GCTACGGGAGGACATTCA
下游:TCACATAGTCCCATATTTCTTG
NF2上游:TGGAGCAGAGCAGTACGAG
下游:TTGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAG
AJUBA上游:GATGCGGGAGCCAGAGG
下游:CACAAGAGCAGCAAACAAAGC
APC上游:CCTCTTAGATGCTGCTACTTGAACA
下游:GAGGGAATACTGAATAAAAATGGA
BMPR1A上游:TGGAGCAGAGCAGTACGAG
下游:TTGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAG
FGF1上游:TGGCAGTACAGGAGGAGGAG
下游:CTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCT
CCN2上游:TGGAGCAGAGCAGTACGAG
下游:TTGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAG
GAPDH上游:GTCAGTGGTGGACCTGACCT
下游:AGGGGTCTACATGGCAACTG
), ArticleFig(id=1322185551122379439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185541538394708, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

qRT-PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称序列(5'→3')
ORF1p上游:GCTACGGGAGGACATTCA
下游:TCACATAGTCCCATATTTCTTG
NF2上游:TGGAGCAGAGCAGTACGAG
下游:TTGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAG
AJUBA上游:GATGCGGGAGCCAGAGG
下游:CACAAGAGCAGCAAACAAAGC
APC上游:CCTCTTAGATGCTGCTACTTGAACA
下游:GAGGGAATACTGAATAAAAATGGA
BMPR1A上游:TGGAGCAGAGCAGTACGAG
下游:TTGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAG
FGF1上游:TGGCAGTACAGGAGGAGGAG
下游:CTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCT
CCN2上游:TGGAGCAGAGCAGTACGAG
下游:TTGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAG
GAPDH上游:GTCAGTGGTGGACCTGACCT
下游:AGGGGTCTACATGGCAACTG
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ORF1p通过调控AJUBA表达促进食管鳞状细胞癌细胞增殖和侵袭的研究
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杨帆 , 黎江洋 , 代晓燕 , 肖何 , 彭杨 , 童雪玲 , 戴楠 , 李梦侠
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学 2025,47(13): 1429-1443
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陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学 2025 , 47 (13) : 1429 -1443
ORF1p通过调控AJUBA表达促进食管鳞状细胞癌细胞增殖和侵袭的研究
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杨帆, 黎江洋, 代晓燕, 肖何, 彭杨, 童雪玲, 戴楠 , 李梦侠
作者信息
  • 1陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)肿瘤科,重庆
通讯作者:
戴 楠,E-mail:
DAI Nan,E-mail:.
ORF1p promotes proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating AJUBA expression
Fan YANG, Jiangyang LI, Xiaoyan DAI, He XIAO, Yang PENG, Xueling TONG, Nan DAI , Mengxia LI
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Oncology,Amy Medical Center of PLA/Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504036
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目的

探讨长散在核元件-1(long interspersed nuclear element-1,LINE-1)编码的开放阅读框1蛋白(open reading frame 1 protein,ORF1p)对食管鳞状细胞癌细胞(以下简称食管鳞癌细胞)增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响及其潜在分子机制。

方法

①Western blot实验检测ORF1p在食管正常鳞状上皮细胞和食管鳞癌细胞中的表达差异。②免疫组化实验检测ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌和配对正常组织中的表达情况。③细胞水平敲低及过表达ORF1p,细胞功能实验研究ORF1p对食管鳞癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。④裸鼠成瘤实验验证ORF1p对食管鳞癌细胞体内成瘤的影响。⑤转录组测序分析结合细胞功能回复实验,筛选受ORF1p调控的下游靶点。

结果

①Western blot实验显示ORF1p在食管鳞癌细胞中均高于正常食管鳞状上皮细胞(P<0.05)。②免疫组化染色实验证实ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中明显上调(P<0.000 1)。③细胞功能实验及裸鼠成瘤实验显示,ORF1p明显促进食管鳞癌细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭和体内成瘤能力(P<0.05)。④细胞功能回复实验证实ORF1p通过调控AJUBA表达促进食管鳞癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭(P<0.05)。

结论

ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌中显著上调,ORF1p通过调控AJUBA表达促进食管鳞癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。

LINE-1  /  ORF1p  /  食管鳞癌细胞  /  增殖  /  AJUBA
Objective

To investigate the effects of open reading frame 1 protein (ORF1p), encoded by long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1), on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods

① Western blotting was performed to compare the expression of ORF1p between normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells and ESCC cells. ② Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was used to examine ORF1p expression in ESCC tissues and paired normal tissues adjacent to tumor. ③ The effects of ORF1p knockdown and overexpression on malignant behaviors in ESCC cells were determined through functional assays. ④ Xenograft tumor model in nude mice was established to evaluate the impact of ORF1p on tumor growth in vivo. ⑤ Transcriptome sequencing combined with cell functional rescue experiments were conducted to identify downstream targets regulated by ORF1p.

Results

① Western blot analysis demonstrated the expression of ORF1p was significantly higher in the ESCC cell lines than the normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells (P<0.05). ② IHC confirmed remarkable up-regulation of ORF1p in ESCC tissues than paired adjacent normal tissues (P<0.000 1). ③ Functional assays and experiments on xenograft tumor models revealed that ORF1p substantially enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells, as well as tumorigenic potential in vivo (P<0.05). ④ Functional rescue experiments showed that ORF1p facilitated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells by modulating AJUBA expression (P<0.05).

Conclusion‍

ORF1p is significantly up-regulated in ESCC and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells by regulating AJUBA expression.

long interspersed nuclear element-1  /  open reading frame 1 protein  /  esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells  /  proliferation  /  AJUBA
杨帆, 黎江洋, 代晓燕, 肖何, 彭杨, 童雪玲, 戴楠, 李梦侠. ORF1p通过调控AJUBA表达促进食管鳞状细胞癌细胞增殖和侵袭的研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1429 -1443 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504036
Fan YANG, Jiangyang LI, Xiaoyan DAI, He XIAO, Yang PENG, Xueling TONG, Nan DAI, Mengxia LI. ORF1p promotes proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating AJUBA expression[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1429 -1443 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504036
食管癌是一种常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,其在我国的发病率和死亡率均占全球约50%[1],其中90%以上病理类型为食管鳞状细胞癌[2]。食管鳞状细胞癌早期症状隐匿,确诊时大多已发展到中晚期,而晚期患者的5年生存率不足25%[3]。食管鳞状细胞癌发生和发展涉及多重因素,其确切的分子机制目前尚不明确。
人类基因组中广泛分布的长散在核元件-1(long interspersed nuclear element-1,LINE-1)占据基因组总量约17%,其独特的逆转录转座特性使其基因片段在基因组中广泛插入和传播,对基因组的进化和稳定性产生了深远影响[4-5]。近年来,大量研究表明,LINE-1编码的开放阅读框1蛋白(open reading frame 1 protein,ORF1p)在多种肿瘤的发生、发展和预后中发挥着重要作用[6]。ORF1p是一种核糖核蛋白,能够与LINE-1 mRNA结合并参与其翻译和转座过程[7]。在肿瘤细胞中,ORF1p的表达通常上调,其表达水平的升高与多种肿瘤的增殖、侵袭和转移等恶性表型密切相关。例如,在乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肺癌等肿瘤中,ORF1p表达水平的升高与肿瘤患者的不良预后显著相关[8-9]。然而,ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌中的具体作用和机制尚未见报道,其在该癌发生发展过程中的确切角色有待进一步研究阐明。基于此,本研究以ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达情况为切入点,研究ORF1p对食管鳞状细胞癌细胞(以下简称食管鳞癌细胞)增殖、迁移、侵袭以及体内成瘤能力的影响。最后进一步探索了ORF1p促进食管鳞癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的分子机制,旨在为食管鳞状细胞癌诊断及治疗方法的研究提供新的思路,同时为食管鳞状细胞癌的精准治疗提供有效靶点。
人食管正常鳞状上皮细胞Het-1A购自重庆巴而思生物科技有限公司;人食管鳞癌细胞ECA109、ECA9706、TE-1、TE-13和KYSE150均为陆军特色医学中心肿瘤中心实验室自存细胞;RPMI 1640培养基、DMEM培养基和胎牛血清购自武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司;Het-1A专用培养基购自重庆巴而思生物科技有限公司;ORF1p抗体购自英国Abcam公司;Vinculin抗体购自美国CST公司;AJUBA抗体购自美国Sigma公司;HRP偶联山羊抗兔二抗购自福州迈新公司;超高敏显影液购自美国Bio Rad公司; CCK-8试剂盒购自重庆葆光生物技术有限公司;EdU细胞增殖试剂盒购自上海联迈生物工程有限公司;Transwell小室购自美国康宁公司;裸鼠(雌性)购自湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司;实时定量聚合酶联反应试剂盒购自日本Takara公司。
Het-1A细胞置于Het-1A专用培养基培养;ECA109、ECA9706和KYSE150细胞置于RPMI 1640培养基培养(含10%胎牛血清);TE-1和TE-13置于DMEM培养基培养(含10%胎牛血清)。所有细胞均在5%CO2、95%湿度的37 ℃恒温培养箱中进行培养。
本研究104例食管石蜡包埋组织(包含52例食管鳞状细胞癌和52例癌旁正常组织)均来自陆军特色医学中心病理科,患者年龄(63.5±8.1)岁,男∶女=5.4∶1。所有石蜡包埋组织均制作成石蜡切片(5 μm)备用。本研究经陆军特色医学中心伦理委员会批准[医研伦审(2024)第142号)]。
细胞中加入适量细胞裂解缓冲液,超声破碎后4 ℃低温离心(13 800×g,15 min),取上清检测蛋白浓度,加入上样缓冲液配平,煮沸10 min;预制胶中完成上样后进行电泳,然后将蛋白湿转至PVDF膜上(100 V,90 min);5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭2 h,4 ℃孵育一抗过夜,TBST缓冲液洗膜5次,每次5 min,然后加入HRP偶联山羊抗兔二抗,室温孵育1.5 h,TBST缓冲液洗膜5次,每次5 min;将PVDF膜浸泡于超敏显影液(A液与B液按1∶1比例充分混合),使用显影仪曝光并采集图像。
石蜡切片65 ℃烘烤3 h后用二甲苯脱蜡,然后用无水酒精脱水。EDTA高压煮沸2 min,3%过氧化氢孵育10 min。4 ℃孵育一抗过夜,次日二抗孵育30 min,滴加DAB显色,苏木素浸泡染胞核30 min,盐酸酒精浸泡0.5 s,饱和碳酸锂浸泡1~2 s,无水酒精脱水3 min并封片,光学显微镜观察并采集图像。通过Image J软件将目的蛋白阳性肿瘤细胞的平均灰度值和面积占比共同作为测量指标,得到4种评分:强阳性(3+)、阳性(2+)、弱阳性(1+)和阴性(0)。
标本准备、脱蜡及水化同免疫组化实验一致。苏木素染色5~10 min,盐酸酒精分化30 s,碳酸锂返蓝,伊红染色1~3 min。梯度酒精脱水,二甲苯透明,封片。显微镜下观察组织和细胞形态并拍照。
本研究的siRNA由上海生工生物工程公司合成,序列见表1。细胞转染严格按照说明书操作,转染48 h后收集细胞用于后续实验,采用Western blot验证敲低效率。
ORF1p过表达慢病毒由上海吉凯公司合成。细胞接种于6孔板培养24 h后,用HitransG A转染试剂(1∶24稀释)预处理,按感染复数(multiplicity of Infection,MOI)=10加入慢病毒(滴度1.08×109 TU/ml)。转染8~16 h后更换培养基继续培养48~72 h,4 μg/mL嘌呤霉素筛选48 h,通过荧光显微镜和Western blot验证转染效率及目的蛋白表达情况。
将细胞以5×103 个/孔的密度接种于96孔板内,设置5个复孔,细胞培养过夜贴壁,弃掉96孔板中旧培养基,配制工作液(90 μL完全培养基+10 μL CCK-8试剂),每孔加入100 μL CCK-8工作液,放入37 ℃培养箱避光孵育2 h;使用酶标仪(450 nm波长)分别对0、24、48、72及96 h各孔进行OD值测定,并选取至少3个复孔的OD值进行数据分析。
将细胞以8×103 个/孔的密度接种于24孔板内,细胞培养过夜贴壁;用完全培养基配置10 μmol/L的EdU工作液,每孔加入200 μL EdU工作液孵育2 h,4%多聚甲醛固定细胞15 min,PBS洗涤液(含3%BSA)洗3次,每次5 min,通透液(含0.3% Triton X-100的PBS)渗透10 min,再次用洗涤液洗涤2次,每次5 min;加入50 μL Click反应液避光孵育30 min;加入Hoechst反应液避光孵育10 min,洗涤液洗3次,每次5 min;使用光学显微镜采集图像。
在6孔板背后用马克笔每隔1 cm划1条直线,将细胞以1×105 个/孔的密度接种于6孔板内,待细胞贴壁且密度达到至少90%,使用枪头垂直于预先划好的横线进行划痕,每孔至少划1条;用无菌PBS洗涤细胞2次,更换无血清培养基继续培养;24 h后取出在光学显微镜下观察并拍照。
将Transwell小室置于24孔板中,设置2个复孔,在Transwell小室外层加入600 μL完全培养基,将细胞以5×104 个/孔的密度接种于Transwell小室内层(含200 μL无血清培养基),37 ℃细胞培养箱孵育48 h,PBS清洗3次后用4%多聚甲醛固定15 min,PBS清洗3次,结晶紫染色小室外层细胞30 min,PBS清洗3次,棉签擦除内层细胞,光学显微镜下观察,随机取5个视野并拍照。细胞侵袭实验预先使用10 μL Matrigel基质胶处理Transwell小室,37 ℃细胞培养箱干燥30 min,后续步骤同细胞迁移实验。
本研究的裸鼠饲养于陆军特色医学中心实验动物中心。将16只雌性裸鼠随机分为4组,分别接种ORF1p敲低、过表达及对照组KYSE150细胞(5×106个/只)于腹股沟皮下,定期监测肿瘤生长,肿瘤体积(mm3)=[长径×短径2]/2,待肿瘤长径达15 mm实施安乐死。取瘤称量、固定,进行Western blot、免疫组化及HE染色分析。动物实验设计、实验过程及动物处死方法均通过陆军军医大学实验动物福利伦理委员会审核和批准(AMUWEC20247093)。
利用siRNA在KYSE150细胞中敲低ORF1p并设置对照组(n=3),随后由上海中科新生命生物科技有限公司进行转录组学测序和分析。
使用TRIzol法提取样本总RNA,采用20 μL反应体系进行反转录(含PrimeScript RT酶混合液等)。由上海生工生物工程公司合成特异性引物,序列见表2。建立含SYBR Green的PCR反应体系,在荧光定量PCR仪上运行40个循环(95 ℃变性,60 ℃退火和延伸)。通过熔解曲线验证扩增特异性,采用2-ΔΔCt法计算基因相对表达量,以GAPDH作为内参基因进行标准化。
从基因表达数据库(Gene Expression Omnibus,GEO)获取食管鳞状细胞癌及癌旁正常组织的转录组数据集GSE213565和GSE235537。使用GEO2R工具分析数据,设置校正P<0.05和|Log2FC|>1为筛选条件,利用Venny工具取2个数据集的交集,筛选出差异表达基因。最后通过R语言中的limma包进一步分析目的基因在食管鳞状细胞癌及癌旁正常组织中的mRNA表达差异,利用ggplot2包绘制火山图。
采用GraphPad Prism 9.5.1软件进行统计分析和数据可视化。连续变量两组间比较采用非配对t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析。P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。
为探讨ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达,本研究首先对人食管鳞癌细胞ECA109、ECA9706、TE-1、TE-13、KYSE150细胞和人食管正常鳞状上皮细胞Het-1A进行Western blot实验。结果显示,与Het-1A细胞相比,人食管鳞癌细胞中ORF1p表达均显著升高(P<0.05,图1A),其中ECA109和KYSE150细胞的ORF1p表达上调最显著。为探讨ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达情况,本研究对104例食管标本进行免疫组化染色,其中包括52例食管鳞状细胞癌组织(14例Ⅰ期,17例Ⅱ期,11例Ⅲ期和10例Ⅳ期)和52例癌旁正常组织。结果显示,与正常组织相比,食管鳞状细胞癌组织中ORF1p表达显著上调(P<0.000 1,图1B)。
本研究在ECA109和KYSE109细胞中利用si-ORF1p#1和si-ORF1p#2以及ORF1p过表达慢病毒进行转染。Western blot显示,与对照组相比,si-ORF1p#1组ORF1p表达明显降低(P<0.000 1,图2A),si-ORF1p#2组ORF1p表达无明显变化(图2A),OE-ORF1p组ORF1p表达明显升高(P<0.001,图2B)。
为探究ORF1p对食管鳞癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响,CCK-8实验显示,下调ORF1p显著抑制ECA109和KYSE150细胞的增殖(P<0.05,图3A),过表达ORF1p明显增强这两种细胞的增殖(P<0.001,图3A)。EdU实验显示,敲低ORF1p后增殖活跃的ECA109和KYSE150细胞数量明显减少,过表达ORF1p明显增加增殖活跃的ECA109及KYSE150细胞(P<0.05,图3B)。细胞划痕实验显示,敲低ORF1p明显抑制ECA109和KYSE150细胞的迁移,过表达ORF1p明显增强ECA109和KYSE150细胞的迁移(P<0.05,图3C)。Transwell实验显示,敲低ORF1p后ECA109和KYSE150细胞的迁移和侵袭明显减弱,过表达ORF1p后ECA109和KYSE150细胞迁移和侵袭明显增强(P<0.01,图3D)。
为进一步探讨ORF1p对食管鳞癌细胞体内成瘤的影响,本研究进行了裸鼠皮下成瘤实验(图4A、B)。结果显示,敲低ORF1p的KYSE150细胞皮下移植瘤体积和体质量明显低于对照组(P<0.01,图4C、D),过表达ORF1p的KYSE150细胞皮下移植瘤体积和体质量明显高于对照组(P<0.01,图4C、D)。免疫组化实验证实,与对照组相比,敲低ORF1p的移植瘤组织中ORF1p表达明显减少(P<0.05,图4E、F),Ki67阳性细胞占比明显降低(P<0.01,图4E、G);过表达ORF1p的移植瘤组织中ORF1p表达明显升高(P<0.05,图4E、F),Ki67阳性细胞占比明显增加(P<0.05,图4E、G)。
为探讨ORF1p调控的信号通路及下游靶点,本研究利用敲低ORF1p的KYSE150细胞及其对照组进行转录组测序。结果显示,相对于对照组,ORF1p敲低组细胞中有1 195个具有2倍差异变化的基因,其中包含314个上调基因和881个下调基因(图5A)。GO功能富集分析结果显示,差异基因主要参与上皮细胞增殖等生物学功能(P<0.05,图5B)。在KEGG显著富集的通路中,Hippo信号通路与肿瘤增殖密切相关(P<0.05,图5C)。Hippo信号通路中富集到的NF2、AJUBA、APC、BMPR1A、FGF1和CCN2基因均在上、下调差异表达基因各自的前20位(图5D)。qRT-PCR实验证实,和对照组相比,NF2、AJUBA、BMPR1A以及CCN2基因在敲低ORF1p的ECA109和KYSE150细胞中明显下调(P<0.01,图5E)。GEO数据库分析显示,相对于食管正常组织,以上6种基因中仅AJUBA在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中表达显著升高(P<0.001,图5F)。21例食管鳞状细胞癌及23例食管正常组织免疫组化结果显示,AJUBA在食管鳞状细胞癌中显著升高(P<0.000 1,图5G)。
为明确ORF1p与AJUBA表达的相关性,本研究通过Western blot检测了ORF1p敲低及过表达食管鳞癌细胞中AJUBA的表达情况。结果显示,和对照组相比,AJUBA表达随着ORF1p的敲低而降低(P<0.05,图6A),随着ORF1p的过表达而升高(P<0.01,图6B)。基于此,本研究在过表达ORF1p的ECA109和KYSE150细胞中同时敲低AJUBA(P<0.05,图6C)。CCK-8实验和EdU实验结果显示,相对于对照组,敲低AJUBA明显削弱过表达ORF1p对ECA109和KYSE150细胞增殖能力的提升(P<0.05,图6D、E)。细胞划痕实验显示,敲低AJUBA明显逆转过表达ORF1p对食管鳞癌细胞迁移能力的促进作用(P<0.05,图7A);Transwell实验显示,敲低AJUBA明显逆转过表达ORF1p对食管鳞癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力的促进作用(P<0.01,图7B)。
食管鳞状细胞癌起源于食管鳞状上皮,是一种高度侵袭性恶性肿瘤,其发展演变经历多个阶段,依次为上皮增生、不典型增生、癌前病变(包括低级别上皮内瘤变和高级别上皮内瘤变)以及浸润性癌。目前已知的食管鳞状细胞癌外源性损伤因素主要包含烫食、饮酒、吸烟和亚硝酸盐摄入[14],然而其内源性机制仍不清楚。内窥镜的筛查虽然能够较早地发现食管早期病变[15],但食管鳞状细胞癌早期症状隐匿,食管鳞状细胞癌高危人群极易错过诊断和治疗的最佳时机。因此,探索食管鳞状细胞癌更加简便有效的筛查方法和精准治疗手段尤为重要。通过高敏试剂检测患者血浆中的ORF1p已被证实是一种新型的高敏且特异的食管早癌诊断方法[9],然而此项研究样本量较少且未涉及食管鳞状细胞癌,并且这种新型试剂的稳定性和准确性还需进一步验证。
LINE-1的起源可追溯至哺乳动物的出现,这一古老基因占据了人类基因组总量近五分之一,加之特有的自主逆转录转座活性,其塑造并增加了哺乳动物基因组的多样性,推动了人类等物种基因组的进化。迄今为止,LINE-1在哺乳动物的生殖细胞中依然高度活跃,并且在胚胎的早期发育过程中发挥着重要作用[16]。然而,LINE-1在肿瘤中的神秘作用正逐渐被揭示。科学家通过多组学研究发现,LINE-1可能通过介导基因组不稳定性、基因突变、基因拷贝数扩增或缺失等机制触发肿瘤的发生和演进[17-18]。同时,LINE-1编码的ORF1p蛋白作为核酸伴侣,是保证LINE-1逆转录转座顺利进行的必要一环,并且已有多项研究证实其在多种肿瘤的恶性转化中发挥了重要作用[8,19-20]。
识别肿瘤相关基因是有效和精准杀伤肿瘤的关键。本研究发现ORF1p在食管正常组织中几乎不表达,而在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中普遍上调。这提示ORF1p有潜力成为食管鳞状细胞癌的特异性标志物。同时,免疫组化显示ORF1p主要定位于细胞质,因此本研究猜想ORF1p在细胞核中的作用是快速或瞬时的,其在逆转录转座完成后可能再次回到细胞质,但ORF1p在核浆之间的运输机制还未见报道,阻断其运输途径对于抑制LINE-1对宿主基因稳定性的影响乃至抵抗肿瘤的发生和发展可能具有重要意义。肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭是肿瘤恶性进展的前提,本研究通过体外细胞实验和裸鼠体内成瘤实验,发现ORF1p能够促进食管鳞癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭以及体内成瘤能力,表明ORF1p可能是食管鳞状细胞癌潜在的致癌基因,并推动了食管鳞状细胞癌的发生和进展。
通过转录组测序分析和细胞功能验证,本研究发现ORF1p可能通过Hippo信号通路调控AJUBA的表达,进而促进食管鳞状细胞癌的增殖、迁移和侵袭。Hippo信号通路在结直肠癌和乳腺癌等肿瘤的发生和发展中扮演着重要角色,该通路主要通过调节转录共激活因子YAP和TAZ的活性来发挥作用,而YAP和TAZ的过度激活可导致细胞过度增殖和肿瘤形成。Hippo信号通路的核心激酶级联反应包括MST1/2和LATS1/2[13]。正常情况下,MST1/2被激活后磷酸化激活LATS1/2,LATS1/2进一步磷酸化YAP/TAZ,使其滞留在细胞质中并被降解,从而抑制其转录活性[21]。AJUBA是一种LIM结构域蛋白,在细胞黏附、迁移和信号转导中发挥重要作用[22-23]。多项研究表明,AJUBA在多种恶性肿瘤中呈现异常高表达模式,与肿瘤进展及不良临床预后显著相关[24]。同时,AJUBA也是Hippo信号通路的关键调节因子,它通过与LATS1/2结合抑制其激酶活性,促进YAP/TAZ的核转位并增强其转录活性,激活下游基因的表达,从而促进肿瘤细胞增殖和侵袭[21]。例如,在结直肠癌中,AJUBA的过表达通过抑制Hippo信号通路中的LATS1/2,增加YAP的活性并促进其进入细胞核,促进肿瘤恶性进展[25]。
本研究发现ORF1p与AJUBA表达水平呈显著正相关,且后者在食管鳞状细胞癌中表达明显上调。通过细胞功能回复实验证实,抑制AJUBA表达可明显逆转ORF1p过表达对肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的促进作用,表明ORF1p可通过调控AJUBA表达促进食管鳞状细胞癌的恶性进展。然而,ORF1p和AJUBA的相互作用及具体调控机制目前还不清楚。根据两者的功能特性,本研究推测主要有以下三点:首先,ORF1p可能通过直接结合AJUBA的启动子区域,增强后者的转录活性;其次,ORF1p可能通过表观遗传修饰调控AJUBA的表达;此外,ORF1p还可能通过结合AJUBA mRNA并影响其稳定性,进而调控AJUBA的表达水平。未来研究应进一步探索ORF1p-AJUBA轴在食管鳞状细胞癌进展中的作用,及其与其他信号通路的交互作用机制。例如,ORF1p-AJUBA轴可能通过激活Akt/GSK-3β/Snail信号通路,促进肿瘤细胞的上皮-间质转化,从而增强肿瘤的侵袭性和转移能力[26]。AJUBA还可能通过刺激p53、ERK以及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进肿瘤的增殖、迁移和侵袭[27-28]。此外,ORF1p-AJUBA轴还可能与TAZ-GLUT3/Survivin信号通路发生交互作用,促进食管鳞状细胞癌的发生和发展[29]。
综上所述,本研究发现ORF1p在食管鳞状细胞癌中显著上调,同时ORF1p能够促进食管鳞癌细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭及体内成瘤能力,提示其有潜力成为食管鳞状细胞癌的特异性生物标志物和治疗靶点。此外,本研究揭示ORF1p可能通过调控AJUBA表达促进食管鳞状细胞癌的恶性进展,这一发现为食管鳞状细胞癌的发病机制探索和精准治疗策略提供了新的理论依据。

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2025年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504036
  • 接收时间:2025-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-27
  • 修回日期:2025-05-07
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    1陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)肿瘤科,重庆

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戴 楠,E-mail:
DAI Nan,E-mail:.
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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