Article(id=1322185581342347905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743436800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-01, revisedDate=1750348800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793163207611, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793163207611, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793163207611, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793163207611, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322185527667839311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1413', pageEnd='1555', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752508800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793163194815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793163440436, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1413, endPage=1419, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322185581573034626, articleId=1322185581342347905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Special dietary food improves exercise-induced myocardial injury in mice, columnId=1320435151990014650, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Military Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate the protective effects of Qiji Special Dietary Food on exercise-induced myocardial injury in mice.

Methods‍

An exercise-induced myocardial injury model was established using a treadmill running protocol, and at the same time, the modeled mice were administered Qiji Special Dietary Food via oral gavage, followed by a 4-week treadmill exhaustion test. Serum levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. Myocardial tissues were analyzed for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Histopathological alterations and ultrastructural changes in myocardial tissue were evaluated using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Results‍

After 4 weeks of exhaustive training, compared to the control group, the model group exhibited significantly elevated serum cTnT, CK, and myocardial MDA levels (P<0.01), along with reduced myocardial SOD activity (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, high-, medium-, and low-dose treatment significantly attenuated the exhaustive exercise-induced increases in serum cTnT level and myocardial MDA content (P<0.01), restoring these indicators to the levels comparable to those of the normal control group (P<0.05). Additionally, all treatment groups had markedly increased myocardial SOD activity, with no significant difference from the normal group. Histopathological and ultrastructural analyses revealed markedly alleviated myocardial damage in the treatment groups, with the medium-dose group exhibiting the most pronounced protective effects.

Conclusion‍

Qiji Special Dietary Food demonstrates significant protective effects against exercise-induced myocardial injury in mice, which maybe associated with its antioxidant activity and mitigation of oxidative stress.

, authors=Xu FENG1, Mantian MI2, Long YI2, Wei WANG1, Dagui CHEN3, Xudong YU1, Song CHEN1, authorsList=Xu FENG, Mantian MI, Long YI, Wei WANG, Dagui CHEN, Xudong YU, Song CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Song CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322185582319620744, articleId=1322185581342347905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=特殊膳食食品改善小鼠运动性心肌损伤的实验研究, columnId=1322185581656920707, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=军事医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨骐骥特殊膳食食品对小鼠运动性心肌损伤的保护作用。

方法

通过小鼠跑台实验构建小鼠运动性心肌损伤模型,同时灌胃给予骐骥特殊膳食食品,4周后进行跑台力竭实验,取血检测心肌钙蛋白T(cardiac troponin T,cTnT)、血清肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)。取心肌组织检测超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。观察心肌病理学改变,透射电镜观察心肌超微结构变化。

结果

力竭训练4周后,与正常组小鼠相比,模型组小鼠血清cTnT、CK、心肌MDA水平显著升高(P<0.01),心肌SOD水平显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,高、中、低3个剂量组均可以显著降低力竭运动引起的血清cTnT和心肌MDA升高水平(P<0.01),且与正常组相比无显著性差异;3个剂量组均可以显著升高力竭运动引起的心肌SOD降低水平(P<0.05),与正常组无显著性差异。组织病理和超微病理检查发现,给药组心肌损伤明显减轻,中剂量组保护效果最优。

结论

骐骥特殊膳食食品对小鼠运动性心肌损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化及减轻氧化应激有关。

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陈松,E-mail:
CHEN Song,E-mail:
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黄色箭头:示心肌出血;绿色箭头:示心肌纤维化;黑色箭头:示心肌断裂;a:P<0.05;b:P<0.05

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◇:示线粒体;△:肌浆网;○:Z线;□:H带;▽:脂滴

, figureFileSmall=P+y5TvNEtUhrBYRz3wYzaQ==, figureFileBig=JVhblce3MhdGBzNP1My/xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185588678185663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185581342347905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别路程/m
模型组2 340±423
低剂量组2 735±762
中剂量组3 018±449a
高剂量组2 875±302a
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补充骐骥特殊膳食食品对力竭距离的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别路程/m
模型组2 340±423
低剂量组2 735±762
中剂量组3 018±449a
高剂量组2 875±302a
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组别cTnT/(μg/L)CK/(U/L)LDH/(U/L)
正常组0.27±0.121 308±2881 163±492
模型组1.60±0.10a3 863±1126a1 717±642
低剂量组0.73±0.15b2 275±11431 277±200
中剂量组0.73±0.08b2 549±21671 533±379
高剂量组0.79±0.17b2 690±7641 457±352
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骐骥特殊膳食食品对运动性心肌损伤小鼠血清cTnT、CK、LDH的影响

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组别cTnT/(μg/L)CK/(U/L)LDH/(U/L)
正常组0.27±0.121 308±2881 163±492
模型组1.60±0.10a3 863±1126a1 717±642
低剂量组0.73±0.15b2 275±11431 277±200
中剂量组0.73±0.08b2 549±21671 533±379
高剂量组0.79±0.17b2 690±7641 457±352
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组别SOD/(U/mg)MDA/(nmol/mg)
正常组86.0±11.36.32±1.26
模型组41.5±4.9a13.61±1.89a
低剂量组75.5±35.8b8.32±2.44b
中剂量组61.9±13.6c9.83±2.95b
高剂量组73.8±22.4c10.58±3.49c
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骐骥特殊膳食食品对运动性心肌损伤小鼠血清SOD、MDA的影响

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组别SOD/(U/mg)MDA/(nmol/mg)
正常组86.0±11.36.32±1.26
模型组41.5±4.9a13.61±1.89a
低剂量组75.5±35.8b8.32±2.44b
中剂量组61.9±13.6c9.83±2.95b
高剂量组73.8±22.4c10.58±3.49c
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特殊膳食食品改善小鼠运动性心肌损伤的实验研究
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冯旭 1 , 糜漫天 2 , 易龙 2 , 王伟 1 , 陈大贵 3 , 于旭东 1 , 陈松 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 军事医学 2025,47(13): 1413-1419
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陆军军医大学学报 |军事医学 2025 , 47 (13) : 1413 -1419
特殊膳食食品改善小鼠运动性心肌损伤的实验研究
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冯旭1, 糜漫天2, 易龙2, 王伟1, 陈大贵3, 于旭东1, 陈松1
作者信息
  • 1海军军医大学海军特色医学中心,上海
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)军事预防医学系,重庆
  • 3上海大学转化医学研究院,上海
通讯作者:
陈松,E-mail:
CHEN Song,E-mail:
Special dietary food improves exercise-induced myocardial injury in mice
Xu FENG1, Mantian MI2, Long YI2, Wei WANG1, Dagui CHEN3, Xudong YU1, Song CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1Naval Medical Center of PLA,Naval Medical University,Shanghai
  • 2Faculty of Military Preventive Medicine,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing
  • 3Institute of Translational Medicine,Shanghai University,Shanghai,China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504004
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目的

探讨骐骥特殊膳食食品对小鼠运动性心肌损伤的保护作用。

方法

通过小鼠跑台实验构建小鼠运动性心肌损伤模型,同时灌胃给予骐骥特殊膳食食品,4周后进行跑台力竭实验,取血检测心肌钙蛋白T(cardiac troponin T,cTnT)、血清肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)。取心肌组织检测超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。观察心肌病理学改变,透射电镜观察心肌超微结构变化。

结果

力竭训练4周后,与正常组小鼠相比,模型组小鼠血清cTnT、CK、心肌MDA水平显著升高(P<0.01),心肌SOD水平显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,高、中、低3个剂量组均可以显著降低力竭运动引起的血清cTnT和心肌MDA升高水平(P<0.01),且与正常组相比无显著性差异;3个剂量组均可以显著升高力竭运动引起的心肌SOD降低水平(P<0.05),与正常组无显著性差异。组织病理和超微病理检查发现,给药组心肌损伤明显减轻,中剂量组保护效果最优。

结论

骐骥特殊膳食食品对小鼠运动性心肌损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化及减轻氧化应激有关。

特殊膳食食品  /  运动  /  心肌损伤
Objective‍

To investigate the protective effects of Qiji Special Dietary Food on exercise-induced myocardial injury in mice.

Methods‍

An exercise-induced myocardial injury model was established using a treadmill running protocol, and at the same time, the modeled mice were administered Qiji Special Dietary Food via oral gavage, followed by a 4-week treadmill exhaustion test. Serum levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. Myocardial tissues were analyzed for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Histopathological alterations and ultrastructural changes in myocardial tissue were evaluated using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Results‍

After 4 weeks of exhaustive training, compared to the control group, the model group exhibited significantly elevated serum cTnT, CK, and myocardial MDA levels (P<0.01), along with reduced myocardial SOD activity (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, high-, medium-, and low-dose treatment significantly attenuated the exhaustive exercise-induced increases in serum cTnT level and myocardial MDA content (P<0.01), restoring these indicators to the levels comparable to those of the normal control group (P<0.05). Additionally, all treatment groups had markedly increased myocardial SOD activity, with no significant difference from the normal group. Histopathological and ultrastructural analyses revealed markedly alleviated myocardial damage in the treatment groups, with the medium-dose group exhibiting the most pronounced protective effects.

Conclusion‍

Qiji Special Dietary Food demonstrates significant protective effects against exercise-induced myocardial injury in mice, which maybe associated with its antioxidant activity and mitigation of oxidative stress.

special dietary food  /  exercise  /  myocardial injury
冯旭, 糜漫天, 易龙, 王伟, 陈大贵, 于旭东, 陈松. 特殊膳食食品改善小鼠运动性心肌损伤的实验研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1413 -1419 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504004
Xu FENG, Mantian MI, Long YI, Wei WANG, Dagui CHEN, Xudong YU, Song CHEN. Special dietary food improves exercise-induced myocardial injury in mice[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1413 -1419 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504004
适度运动有益于身心健康,然而过量的高强度耐力训练则会产生多种健康问题,其中以诱发运动性心肌损伤(exercise-induced cardiac injury,EICI)最具临床意义[1]。在马拉松运动或其他超负荷长跑项目中,心律失常或心源性猝死(sudden cardiac death,SCD)事件时有发生[2-3],流行病学调查提示,青年竞技运动员心源性猝死的相对风险是普通人群的4.5倍[4]。反复高强度运动可对心肌产生慢性氧化应激和炎性刺激[5-6],长期累积导致心肌产生病理性适应[7],可能是超负荷运动引起心肌损伤的主要机制。目前,针对运动性心肌损伤尚缺乏成熟可靠的预防手段。基于现有研究,复合营养素及功能因子因其安全性高、依从性好和功能全面等特点,可能成为预防超负荷运动心肌损伤的有效策略。由于运动员和军事作业人员职业特性经常需要进行高强度运动,因此开发有效的防护措施对降低其健康风险、延长职业寿命具有重要意义。本研究旨在探讨复合营养素及功能因子干预对运动性心肌损伤的防护作用,研究成果将为运动员和军事作业人员的心脏健康维护提供科学依据,并为其职业寿命的延长提供潜在解决方案。
骐骥特殊膳食食品(配方组成:牛骨髓胶原蛋白肽、牛心肌肽、肌酸、d-核糖、低聚异麦芽糖、中链甘油三酯、葡萄糖、低聚木糖、牛磺酸、人参提取物、米糠脂肪烷醇、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6等)由海军特色医学中心研发。
40只雄性ICR小鼠(6~8周龄,体质量28~36 g)购自上海必凯科翼生物科技有限公司[动物许可证号SCXK(沪)2023-0009],按随机数字表法分成5组,每组8只,分别为正常组,模型组,骐骥特殊膳食食品低、中、高剂量组。给药剂量:按照人每天服用剂量为15 g。通过标准剂量换算方法(按体表面积折算)确定小鼠给药剂量:高剂量组3 g/kg,中剂量组1.5 g/kg,低剂量组0.75 g/kg。样品溶于纯净水后灌胃给药,给药体积0.2 mL。
小鼠适应饲养7 d后开始实验。骐骥特殊膳食食品低、中、高剂量组于跑步前1 h给药,连续4周。除正常组外,所有小鼠在第1~7天于跑台上进行跑步适应性训练,跑台速度为15 m/min,电流刺激强度4.5 mA,每次30 min。第8~28 d正式实验,除正常组外,所有小鼠进行跑台力竭实验,先以10 m/min 的速度运动10 min,15 m/min运动10 min后,以20 m/min运动至力竭,记录力竭路程,电流刺激强度4.5 mA。力竭的判断标准:刺激驱逐无效,且跑步停止后体征表现为俯卧位不能自由翻身,呼吸急促,神情倦怠,对生理刺激反应迟钝或没有反应。
最后一天处死所有动物,取材。小鼠眼丛静脉取血,检测血清指标。心脏按纵轴矢状面切开,一半心脏取1 mm×1 mm×1 mm组织进行电镜液固定、包埋、切片、染色,电镜下观察。剩余组织经固定后,石蜡包埋,切片观察病理改变。
病理组织学评分标准:0分,无病变记录;1分,极轻微,可见炎性细胞浸润,心肌出血和纤维化,累及范围<10%;2分,轻微,病变累及范围<20%;3分,中度,病变累及范围<40%;4分,重度,但病变累及可达75%,极有可能影响器官功能;5分,严重,病变累及整个组织,明确影响功能。
另一半心脏组织用4 ℃预冷的PBS经冰上匀浆,12 000 r/min(离心半径8 cm)离心15 min收集上清液,BCA法测定总蛋白浓度,同时测定上清中SOD活力和MDA水平,均除以总蛋白浓度加以标准化,得到相对SOD活力和MDA浓度。
采用SPSS 22.0软件处理数据,结果以x¯±s表示。计量资料若满足正态分布,则采用单因素方差分析,组间比较采用LSD法(假设方差齐性)或Dunnett T3法(假设方差不齐);若不满足正态分布时,则采用独立样本中位数检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
与模型组相比,骐骥特殊膳食食品中剂量组和高剂量组小鼠的跑步力竭距离分别提升了28%、22%,说明骐骥特殊膳食食品可以有效提升运动能力(P<0.05)。
在长期高负荷运动后,小鼠模型组心肌钙蛋白T(cardiac troponin T,cTnT)显著升高(P<0.01),而骐骥特殊膳食食品低、中、高剂量组与模型组相比显著降低(P<0.01),而与正常组相比无显著性差异,说明骐骥特殊膳食食品可以显著抑制运动引起cTnT升高水平,对运动引起的心肌损伤具有显著的改善作用(表2)。
肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)在心肌损伤后可在血液中检测到,通常在损伤后6 h内上升,在12~24 h达峰,24~48 h下降至基线水平。在长期高负荷运动后,与正常组相比,小鼠模型组血清组血清CK含量显著升高(P<0.01),骐骥特殊膳食食品低、中剂量组无显著性差异,说明骐骥特殊膳食食品可以抑制运动引起的CK升高水平,对运动引起的心肌损伤具有显著的改善作用(表2)。
乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)与心肌损伤关系密切,心肌受损时,LDH的释放和变化可以作为辅助诊断的重要指标。本实验中,模型组LDH水平有升高趋势,各剂量组相对模型组也有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义(表2)。
和正常组相比,模型组小鼠心肌中SOD水平显著降低(P<0.01),骐骥特殊膳食食品低、中、高剂量组均可以显著升高运动引起的SOD水平降低(P<0.05,表3)。和正常组相比,模型组小鼠心肌组织中MDA水平显著升高(P<0.01),骐骥特殊膳食食品低、中、高剂量组均可以显著降低运动引起的MDA水平升高(P<0.05,表3)。
正常组心肌结构完整,排列整齐,横纹清晰,间质未见血管扩张及炎性细胞的浸润(图1A)。模型组心肌排列紊乱,大量肌纤维肿胀结构模糊,局部可见心肌细胞变性坏死。间质可见出血和少量炎症细胞浸润(图1B)。低剂量组仍可见部分肌纤维肿胀,心肌出血,局部心肌炎症细胞浸润及轻度纤维化(图1C)。中剂量组可见心肌出血,心肌纤维化及炎症细胞浸润(图1D)。高剂量组除少量心肌细胞肿胀外,其他未见明显异常(图E)。心肌病理形态学评分较模型组显著降低(图1F)。
正常组小鼠心肌细胞无水肿,细胞器丰富,均匀分布,未见聚集,肌原纤维排列整齐、结构致密,肌节呈对称性分布,粗细均一。线粒体轻度肿胀,膜完整,基质正常分布,均匀分布肌纤维间;肌浆网轻度扩张;Z线排列整齐、连续;H带结构存在,连续;脂滴少量存在,该视野未见典型自噬(图2A)。模型组小鼠心肌细胞重度损伤,退行性改变,损伤相对最明显,细胞内细胞器明显肿胀、崩解,肌原纤维排列紊乱、较多断裂。肌节结构模糊、崩解。线粒体肿胀,散在分布,重度肿胀,变大、形状不规则,较多膜破损,基质外溢;肌浆网数量较少,明显扩张,部分膜破损、崩解;Z线排列不连续、断裂,H带结构消失;脂滴个别存在;该视野未见典型自噬结构(图2B)。低剂量组小鼠心肌细胞轻度退行性变,细胞器轻度肿胀,部分膜破损,肌原纤略显松散,排列紊乱,小区域肌节呈非对称性排列。线粒体轻度肿胀、变大、变圆,膜内基质变淡,嵴排列紊乱;肌浆网数量丰富,明显扩张;Z线排列紊乱、模糊、不连续;H带结构模糊。脂滴少量存在;该视野未见典型自噬(图2C)。中剂量组小鼠心肌细胞轻微肥大,细胞器数量尚可,略微肿胀,极少量聚集,均匀分布肌原纤维间,肌原纤维排列整齐,小区域略微松散,基质略显稀疏、变淡。肌节呈对称性分布,纤维丝大多完整,未见断裂。线粒体轻微肿胀,膜完整,少量基质略显变淡、嵴断裂;肌浆网少量扩张;Z线排列连续、整齐;H带结构完整,连续;脂滴个别存在;该视野未见典型自噬结构(图2D)。高剂量组小鼠心肌细胞中度退行性变,细胞结构损伤相对居中,主要为细胞器肿胀,部分膜破损,肌原纤排列整齐,明暗带明显。线粒体中度肿胀、变大、变圆,部分膜破损,嵴排列紊乱;肌浆网数量丰富,明显扩张;Z线略显迂曲;H带结构明显。该视野未见典型自噬结构(图2E)。
除正常组外的4组小鼠心肌细胞呈不同程度损伤,模型组损伤相对最明显,细胞内细胞器明显肿胀、崩解,肌原纤维排列紊乱、较多断裂。肌节结构模糊、崩解。高剂量组损伤相对次之,中度退行性变,细胞结构损伤相对居中,主要为细胞器肿胀,部分膜破损,肌原纤排列整齐,明暗带明显。低剂量组细胞轻度退行性变,细胞器轻度肿胀,部分膜破损,肌原纤略显松散,排列紊乱,小区域肌节呈非对称性排列。中剂量组图片所示细胞轻微肥大,细胞器数量尚可,略微肿胀,基本接近正常组细胞形态。
补充复合营养素不但可以显著提升小鼠的运动能力,而且对不同的脏器、组织具有明显的保护作用[8-9]。
研究显示,在完成马拉松比赛后,有95%的参赛者的血清肌钙蛋白水平高于正常值。说明在大强度运动之后,人群中出现心肌损伤的情况具有普遍性[10]。大强度运动会导致心肌暂时性缺血缺氧,随着血液的再灌注,会引发氧化应激以及炎症因子呈现出瀑布样的反应,氧化应激和炎症因子可能是导致暂时性心肌损伤的重要机制[11]。
多种天然成分具有保护运动性心肌损伤的功效,如:杨梅素[11]、玉米肽[12]、大麻二酚[13]、二氢杨梅素[14]等。从天然原料,尤其是药食两用原料中筛选、开发具有心肌保护作用的成分,对大负荷运动人员的心肌保护具有重要意义。
骐骥特殊膳食品含有多种天然营养成分,如心肌肽、d-核糖、人参提取物、牛磺酸等成分对提高运动能力具有显著效果,且对高强度运动引起的心肌损伤具有不同程度的保护作用。
通过酶解和水提取制备的牛心肌提取物可以提高心肌细胞抗氧化酶的活性,并降低心肌细胞的炎症水平和凋亡率,从而达到改善多柔比星(Doxorubicin,DOX)诱导心肌损伤的效果。酶解提取物对小鼠心肌损伤的改善效果优于水提取制备的提取物[15]。
负重游泳实验发现,d-核糖可以显著提高运动过程中心肌组织内的三磷酸腺苷含量,保证了心肌组织在运动时的能量供给,在提高运动能力的同时,也维持了心肌组织的正常生理功能[16]。
人参皂苷Re是人参中的主要成分之一,研究发现,人参皂苷Re部分抑制了异丙肾上腺素引起的心脏重量增加、心肌纤维化程度以及羟脯氨酸含量上升。与异丙肾上腺素组相比,使用人参皂苷Re治疗后改善了左心室收缩压、左心室舒张末期压力以及左心室压力一阶导数的最大正值和负值的变化。人参皂苷Re的使用还使血清中TGF-β1表达降低,以及心脏组织中Smad3和I型胶原表达减少。结果说明,人参皂苷Re可以通过调节TGF-β1/Smad3通路改善异丙肾上腺素诱导的心肌纤维化和心力衰竭[17]。
补充牛磺酸不仅可以提高运动能力,而且可以促进剧烈运动后心率的快速恢复,研究显示,剧烈运动后,补充牛磺酸组3 min心率即可恢复至正常水平,而对照组心率下降缓慢,说明了牛磺酸可以促进运动后心率快速恢复,对体育运动员运动后心脏恢复及运动水平的提高有重要价值,牛磺酸通过提高心肌中SOD的活性,降低心肌脂质过氧化水平和一氧化碳的含量,达到保护心肌的效果[18]。
本实验中,骐骥特殊膳食食品可以降低血清心肌损伤标志物和氧化应激水平,从而达到保护心肌的目的。在病理学检查中,可以观察到低、中、高剂量组对心肌细胞具有剂量依赖性的保护作用,体现在减轻肌纤维肿胀,减少心肌出血,降低局部心肌炎症细胞浸润及纤维化程度。透射电镜对心肌细胞的超微结构进行观察,与光镜结果一致,骐骥特殊膳食食品对小鼠运动性心肌损伤基本保持了心肌超微结构的完整性,以中、高剂量组的保护作用最为显著。
骐骥特殊膳食食品对高强度、长时间高负荷的作业人员的心脏健康具有明显的保护作用,可长期服用,以保障长期高负荷作业人群的身体健康,延长职业寿命。

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2025年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504004
  • 接收时间:2025-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01
  • 修回日期:2025-06-20
基金
作者信息
    1海军军医大学海军特色医学中心,上海
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)军事预防医学系,重庆
    3上海大学转化医学研究院,上海

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陈松,E-mail:
CHEN Song,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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