Article(id=1322185528603161084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503083, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743264000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-30, revisedDate=1747670400000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793163195037, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793163195037, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793163195037, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793163195037, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322185527667839311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1413', pageEnd='1555', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752508800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793163194815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793163440436, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322186557939892926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322185527667839311, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1475, endPage=1483, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322185530608038397, articleId=1322185528603161084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=SRSF1 inhibits HBV replication by enhancing the stability of P53 in cell models, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) on the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Methods‍

The effects of SRSF1 on HBV replication were investigated in different HBV replicating cell models by Southern blotting, Northern blotting and ELISA. Quantitative PCR , luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were applied to determine the effects of SRSF1 on the activities of HBV core promoter/enhancer in HepG2 cells. The relationship between SRSF1 and P53 was explored with Western blotting and ubiquitination assay. The effects of P53 on HBV replication were verified in different HBV replicating cell models, and the role of P53 in SRSF1 inhibition of HBV was clarified.

Results‍

Overexpression of SRSF1 significantly inhibited HBV DNA and HBV RNA and reduced HBsAg and HBeAg secretion levels in a variety of HBV replicative cell models (P<0.0001). SRSF1 also inhibited the activity of HBV core promoter, although this inhibition was regulated by indirect mechanisms. In addition, SRSF1 enhanced P53 stability by protecting P53 from ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Meanwhile, the regulatory effect of overexpression or knockdown of P53 on HBV was validated in different cell models (P<0.0001).

Conclusion‍

Overexpression of splicing factor SRSF1 significantly inhibits HBV replication in a variety of cell models, and this inhibitory effect is mediated by its enhancement of P53 stability.

, authors=Jiajun LIU1, 2, Shaoyuan LONG1, Jieli HU1, Jing CUI1, authorsList=Jiajun LIU, Shaoyuan LONG, Jieli HU, Jing CUI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jing CUI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322185532004741640, articleId=1322185528603161084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=SRSF1通过增加P53的稳定性抑制乙型肝炎病毒复制, columnId=1322185528879993170, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究丝氨酸/精氨酸富集剪接因子1(serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1,SRSF1)对乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)复制的影响和机制。

方法

通过Southern blot、Northern blot、ELISA实验在不同的HBV复制细胞模型中检测SRSF1对HBV复制的影响;通过荧光定量PCR实验、荧光素酶报告系统以及ChIP实验在HepG2细胞中研究SRSF1对HBV核心启动子/增强子活性的影响。利用Western blot和泛素化检测实验探索SRSF1与P53的关系,同时在不同的HBV复制细胞模型中验证P53对HBV复制的影响,之后明确P53在SRSF1抑制HBV中的作用。

结果

过表达SRSF1可以在多种HBV复制细胞模型中显著抑制HBV DNA和HBV RNA,降低HBeAg和HBsAg的分泌水平(P<0.000 1)。SRSF1还可以抑制HBV核心启动子活性,尽管这种抑制是通过间接机制调控的。此外,SRSF1通过保护P53免受泛素化和随后的蛋白酶体降解从而增强P53的稳定性。同时,过表达P53或敲低P53对HBV的调控作用也在不同的细胞模型中得到了验证(P<0.000 1)。

结论

剪接因子SRSF1的过表达可以显著抑制HBV的复制,且该抑制效应在多种肝癌细胞模型中均有重现性,这一抑制效应由其增强P53的稳定性来介导。

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‍崔静,E-mail:
CUI Jing,E-mail:
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Int J Mol Sci,2024,25(12):6606., articleTitle=Reactive oxygen species induction by hepatitis B virus:implications for viral replication in p53-positive human hepatoma cells, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322185532248011273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185532256399882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, companyId=1322185532248011273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Education,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185532264788491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, companyId=1322185532248011273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1重庆医科大学感染性疾病分子生物学教育部重点实验室,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322185532331897356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185532340285965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, companyId=1322185532331897356, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2First Affiliated Hospital,Air Force Medical University,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322185532348674574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, companyId=1322185532331897356, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2空军军医大学第一附属医院,陕西 西安)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322185535821558318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qXd+IAFLkpO/93Fc+MASOA==, figureFileBig=Bu6HzmgH9O67UiIz3j0oUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185535901250095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同细胞模型中过表达SRSF1对HBV DNA、HBV RNA、HBeAg和HBsAg的影响

a:P<0.001,b:P<0.0001,与P53转染量为0 ng组相比A:梯度转染pSRSF1的HepG2细胞中HBV DNA复制水平和HBV RNA转录水平;B:梯度转染pSRSF1的Huh7细胞中HBV DNA复制水平和HBV RNA转录水平;C:梯度转染pSRSF1的HepG2-NTCP细胞中HBV DNA复制水平和HBV RNA转录水平;D:梯度转染pSRSF1的HepG2细胞中分泌的HBeAg和HBsAg水平;E:梯度转染pSRSF1的Huh7细胞中分泌的HBeAg和HBsAg水平;F:梯度转染pSRSF1的HepG2-NTCP细胞中分泌的HBeAg和HBsAg水平

, figureFileSmall=qXd+IAFLkpO/93Fc+MASOA==, figureFileBig=Bu6HzmgH9O67UiIz3j0oUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536081605168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yJYxbXmsfnQbJhlrC5sYpQ==, figureFileBig=fGqZkx6gtwFOG0eoCmjEeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536169685553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, language=CN, label=图2, caption=SRSF1抑制HBV核心启动子/增强子活性

a:P<0.000 1,与Control相比A:过表达SRSF1的HepAD38细胞经放线菌素D处理后不同时间段内HBV RNA的含量;B:HBV核心启动子/增强子(pCore-Rluc)荧光素酶报告质粒及三个截短突变体结构示意图;C:HepAD38细胞中荧光素酶活性检测;D:HepG2-pCore-Gluc稳定细胞系中SRSF1与HBV核心启动子之间的结合情况

, figureFileSmall=yJYxbXmsfnQbJhlrC5sYpQ==, figureFileBig=fGqZkx6gtwFOG0eoCmjEeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536236794418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wK4dNDYHPBJS8OyPUKjmCw==, figureFileBig=y8Wy7dAiQH5hf52Lqzo1qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536320680499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, language=CN, label=图3, caption=SRSF1通过增强P53的稳定性来上调P53水平

A:SRSF1及其三个截短突变体结构示意图;B:HepG2细胞中Western blot实验结果;C:过表达SRSF1的HepG2细胞中P53 mRNA水平变化;D:SRSF1对P53稳定性的影响;E:SRSF1对P53泛素化的影响

, figureFileSmall=wK4dNDYHPBJS8OyPUKjmCw==, figureFileBig=y8Wy7dAiQH5hf52Lqzo1qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536391983668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yfgktt8lKtOBTpS5k3q+2Q==, figureFileBig=vaXq+taU1Nw2jOVrnGcisQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536459092533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, language=CN, label=图4, caption=P53抑制人肝癌细胞系中的HBV复制和转录

a:P<0.000 1,与P53转染量为0 ng组比较;b:P<0.01,c:P<0.001,d:P<0.000 1,与si-Control比较;e:P<0.001,与Control比较A:梯度转染pP53的HepG2细胞中HBV DNA复制水平和HBV RNA转录水平;B:梯度转染pP53的Huh7细胞中HBV DNA复制水平和HBV RNA转录水平;C:梯度转染pP53的HepG2-NTCP细胞中HBV DNA复制水平和HBV RNA转录水平;D:梯度转染pP53的HepG2细胞中分泌的HBeAg和HBsAg水平;E:梯度转染pP53的Huh7细胞中分泌的HBeAg和HBsAg水平;F:梯度转染pP53的HepG2-NTCP细胞中分泌的HBeAg和HBsAg水平;G:转染si-P53或对照的si-Control的HepG2.2.15细胞中P53 mRNA和蛋白水平;H:HepG2.2.15细胞上清中HBeAg和HBsAg水平;I:HepG2细胞中荧光素酶相对活性

, figureFileSmall=yfgktt8lKtOBTpS5k3q+2Q==, figureFileBig=vaXq+taU1Nw2jOVrnGcisQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536534590006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=N3ZCTA0zsvEcfWGWuSHNVQ==, figureFileBig=tfeHVkBQ5SaBgu3S5RRdqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322185536593310263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, language=CN, label=图5, caption=P53介导SRSF1的抗HBV活性

a:P<0.05,b:P<0.01,c:P<0.000 1,与HBV1.3+空载比较A:HepG2细胞上清中的HBeAg和HBsAg相对表达量;B:HepG2细胞中HBV DNA相对表达量

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基因序列(5′→3′)
SV40 GG2上游:ACGTCTCTGTGCCTGGCCGCGACTCTAGATCAT
下游:GCTGACCGTCTCTCATGCCCCAAAGCCACCCAA
Amp上游:TGCGTCCGTCTCCTTCGTTCCACTGAGCGTCAGA
下游:GCTGACCGTCTCTCGAAAACTCACGTTAAGGGAT
HBV DNA上游:TCCTAGGACCCCTTCTCGTG
下游:CTTGGCCCCCAATACCACAT
pgRNA上游:TGTTCAAGCCTCCAAGCTGT
下游:GACCTGCCTCGTCGTCTAAC
SRSF1上游:TCGTCTCTATCTTCGGGAGGTGGTGTGAT
下游:ACGTCTCTGTTATGTACGAGAGCGAGATCT
D-RRM1上游:TCGTCTCTCGATGGCCGTG GAACAGGCC
下游:TCGTCTCTATCGTTGTTC CCTGCGGG
D-RRM2上游:TCGTCTCTTGAAGGGCCCAGAAGT
下游:TCGTCTCT TTCAGACCGC CTGGA
D-RS上游:TCGTCTCTGCCCTAACTGGCCGCGACTC
下游:TCGTCTCTGGGCCCATCAACTTT
), ArticleFig(id=1322185536752693817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322185528603161084, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因序列(5′→3′)
SV40 GG2上游:ACGTCTCTGTGCCTGGCCGCGACTCTAGATCAT
下游:GCTGACCGTCTCTCATGCCCCAAAGCCACCCAA
Amp上游:TGCGTCCGTCTCCTTCGTTCCACTGAGCGTCAGA
下游:GCTGACCGTCTCTCGAAAACTCACGTTAAGGGAT
HBV DNA上游:TCCTAGGACCCCTTCTCGTG
下游:CTTGGCCCCCAATACCACAT
pgRNA上游:TGTTCAAGCCTCCAAGCTGT
下游:GACCTGCCTCGTCGTCTAAC
SRSF1上游:TCGTCTCTATCTTCGGGAGGTGGTGTGAT
下游:ACGTCTCTGTTATGTACGAGAGCGAGATCT
D-RRM1上游:TCGTCTCTCGATGGCCGTG GAACAGGCC
下游:TCGTCTCTATCGTTGTTC CCTGCGGG
D-RRM2上游:TCGTCTCTTGAAGGGCCCAGAAGT
下游:TCGTCTCT TTCAGACCGC CTGGA
D-RS上游:TCGTCTCTGCCCTAACTGGCCGCGACTC
下游:TCGTCTCTGGGCCCATCAACTTT
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SRSF1通过增加P53的稳定性抑制乙型肝炎病毒复制
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刘佳俊 1, 2 , 龙少媛 1 , 胡接力 1 , 崔静 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学 2025,47(13): 1475-1483
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陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学 2025 , 47 (13) : 1475 -1483
SRSF1通过增加P53的稳定性抑制乙型肝炎病毒复制
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刘佳俊1, 2, 龙少媛1, 胡接力1, 崔静1
作者信息
  • 1重庆医科大学感染性疾病分子生物学教育部重点实验室,重庆
  • 2空军军医大学第一附属医院,陕西 西安
通讯作者:
‍崔静,E-mail:
CUI Jing,E-mail:
SRSF1 inhibits HBV replication by enhancing the stability of P53 in cell models
Jiajun LIU1, 2, Shaoyuan LONG1, Jieli HU1, Jing CUI1
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Education,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing
  • 2First Affiliated Hospital,Air Force Medical University,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503083
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目的

探究丝氨酸/精氨酸富集剪接因子1(serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1,SRSF1)对乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)复制的影响和机制。

方法

通过Southern blot、Northern blot、ELISA实验在不同的HBV复制细胞模型中检测SRSF1对HBV复制的影响;通过荧光定量PCR实验、荧光素酶报告系统以及ChIP实验在HepG2细胞中研究SRSF1对HBV核心启动子/增强子活性的影响。利用Western blot和泛素化检测实验探索SRSF1与P53的关系,同时在不同的HBV复制细胞模型中验证P53对HBV复制的影响,之后明确P53在SRSF1抑制HBV中的作用。

结果

过表达SRSF1可以在多种HBV复制细胞模型中显著抑制HBV DNA和HBV RNA,降低HBeAg和HBsAg的分泌水平(P<0.000 1)。SRSF1还可以抑制HBV核心启动子活性,尽管这种抑制是通过间接机制调控的。此外,SRSF1通过保护P53免受泛素化和随后的蛋白酶体降解从而增强P53的稳定性。同时,过表达P53或敲低P53对HBV的调控作用也在不同的细胞模型中得到了验证(P<0.000 1)。

结论

剪接因子SRSF1的过表达可以显著抑制HBV的复制,且该抑制效应在多种肝癌细胞模型中均有重现性,这一抑制效应由其增强P53的稳定性来介导。

乙型肝炎病毒  /  复制  /  SRSF1  /  P53  /  SR蛋白
Objective‍

To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) on the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Methods‍

The effects of SRSF1 on HBV replication were investigated in different HBV replicating cell models by Southern blotting, Northern blotting and ELISA. Quantitative PCR , luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were applied to determine the effects of SRSF1 on the activities of HBV core promoter/enhancer in HepG2 cells. The relationship between SRSF1 and P53 was explored with Western blotting and ubiquitination assay. The effects of P53 on HBV replication were verified in different HBV replicating cell models, and the role of P53 in SRSF1 inhibition of HBV was clarified.

Results‍

Overexpression of SRSF1 significantly inhibited HBV DNA and HBV RNA and reduced HBsAg and HBeAg secretion levels in a variety of HBV replicative cell models (P<0.0001). SRSF1 also inhibited the activity of HBV core promoter, although this inhibition was regulated by indirect mechanisms. In addition, SRSF1 enhanced P53 stability by protecting P53 from ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Meanwhile, the regulatory effect of overexpression or knockdown of P53 on HBV was validated in different cell models (P<0.0001).

Conclusion‍

Overexpression of splicing factor SRSF1 significantly inhibits HBV replication in a variety of cell models, and this inhibitory effect is mediated by its enhancement of P53 stability.

hepatitis B virus  /  replication  /  SRSF1  /  P53  /  SR protein
刘佳俊, 龙少媛, 胡接力, 崔静. SRSF1通过增加P53的稳定性抑制乙型肝炎病毒复制. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1475 -1483 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503083
Jiajun LIU, Shaoyuan LONG, Jieli HU, Jing CUI. SRSF1 inhibits HBV replication by enhancing the stability of P53 in cell models[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (13) : 1475 -1483 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503083
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是全球性的公共卫生问题。急性感染HBV的成人实现自愈的概率可达95%以上,婴幼儿感染HBV,则有90%会发展为慢性。乙肝病毒慢性感染,可以引起慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)、肝纤维化、肝硬化、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、肝衰竭等肝脏疾病[1]。目前治疗乙肝以抗病毒策略为主,已获批准的抗病毒药物(核苷类似物和聚乙二醇化干扰素)可以抑制病毒复制并控制病情进展,但不能有效消除或灭活共价闭合环状DNA(covalent closed circular DNA,cccDNA),难以实现功能性治愈[2]。因此,寻找新的治疗靶点十分必要。HBV复制过程中与宿主细胞存在大量相互作用,部分宿主因子为病毒复制所必需,而另一些宿主因子则具有对抗病毒复制的作用,对这些因子的研究,可能为发展新的抗乙肝策略提供靶点[3]。
宿主因子丝氨酸/精氨酸富集剪接因子1(serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1,SRSF1)是SR蛋白家族的创始成员(亦称ASF/SF2),是调控基因剪接的核心因子[4]。SRSF1同时还具有其他多重功能,如调节mRNA转录、稳定性和核输出、无意义介导的mRNA衰变和翻译以及蛋白质酰化[5]。其多功能性源于其RNA结合域、核质穿梭能力及蛋白互作网络[6]。
SRSF1位于染色体17q23上,该位点在某些肿瘤中常被扩增,与预后不良相关[7]。最近的研究报道发现SRSF1在不同类型的癌症中表达水平均有所增加,其中包括结肠癌、甲状腺癌、肾癌、肺癌、肝癌、胰腺癌以及乳腺癌等[8-9],更有研究指出SRSF1参与HCC进展相关的信号通路[10]。在本课题组的一项前期研究中,通过邻近标记策略发现SRSF1与线粒体膜蛋白TIM22/29存在相互作用,并可能参与其对HBV的抑制作用,但SRSF1如何抑制HBV复制的机制尚不清楚[11]。本研究旨在进一步确认SRSF1对HBV复制的影响,并研究其作用机制,以期更好地理解HBV与宿主因子的相互作用,同时为乙肝治疗策略开发提供新的视角。
质粒pCH9/3091由德国弗莱堡大学Nassal实验室构建[12];质粒pHBV1.3以及质粒pCore-Rluc均为本课题组前期构建[13];质粒pP53购自碧云天生物科技有限公司;质粒p3Flag-SRSF1、p3HA-SRSF1、p3HA-D-RRM1、p 3HA-D-RRM2、p3HA-D-RS是以质粒pCH9/3091为骨架,通过分子克隆构建完成。分子克隆所用引物序列见表1。
人肝癌细胞系HepG2、Huh7、HBV稳定复制细胞系HepG2.2.15以及HBV感染细胞模型HepG2-NTCP均由重庆医科大学感染性疾病分子生物学教育部重点实验室长期保存;HBV稳定复制细胞系HepAD38细胞由四川大学唐红教授惠赠。
DMEM培养基、Opti-MEM、TrypLE Express购自美国Gibco公司;胎牛血清(FBS)购自乌拉圭Lonsera公司;PBS、青霉素-链霉素双抗购自美国Hyclone公司;Lipo8000转染试剂、RIPA裂解液购自中国碧云天公司;PrimeSTAR®Max购自日本Takara公司;BsmbⅠ酶、Tango buffer、ATP、DTT购自美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司;PFT-α试剂购自美国MCE公司;T7连接酶、Micrococcal Nuclease购自美国New England Biolabs公司;蔗糖、PEG-8000、DMSO购自中国索莱宝公司;SYBR Green Mix购自美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司;Renilla Luciferase Assay Kit购自美国Promega公司;TRIzol Reagent、Fastking cDNA第一链合成试剂盒购自德国TIANGEN公司;anti-flag鼠抗、anti-HA兔抗购自中国碧云天公司、IgG兔抗购自美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司;ASF/SF2单抗、P53 单抗购自美国Proteintech公司;si-control、si-P53购自中国擎科生物;胶回收试剂盒、PAGE凝胶制备试剂盒、质粒小量抽提试剂盒购自中国雅酶公司;乙型肝炎病毒e抗原诊断试剂盒、乙型肝炎病毒s抗原诊断试剂盒购自中国科华公司;二氧化碳培养箱购自美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司;荧光定量PCR仪购自美国Bio-Rad公司;多功能酶标仪购自美国SYNERGY公司;单管型多功能检测仪器购自美国Promega公司;杂交炉购自中国宁波新芝公司;化学发光凝胶成像仪购自中国广州光仪公司。
本实验所使用的细胞(包括HepG2细胞、HepAD38细胞、HepG2-NTCP细胞以及Huh7细胞)均在添加了10%胎牛血清、100 U/mL青霉素和100 mg/mL链霉素的DMEM培养液中培养,培养条件为37 ℃、5%CO2。细胞的转染操作参考Lipo8000的转染试剂说明书。
收集大量HepAD38细胞培养上清液,在超滤管中用20%蔗糖溶液进行密度离心,4 ℃条件下以1.2×105×g离心16 h。离心后的病毒沉淀使用Opti-MEM重悬,病毒悬液分装后于-80 ℃保存备用。HepG2-NTCP 细胞在感染HBV前用2%DMSO预处理24 h。然后在含有4%PEG-8000和2%DMSO的培养基中,用HBV病毒感染细胞。
使用RIPA裂解液于冰上裂解孔板中的细胞,离心去除裂解液中不溶性的细胞沉淀,检测蛋白质浓度之后将蛋白质煮沸变性。按照蛋白质浓度确定蛋白上样量,于提前配置好的12.5%PAGE凝胶中上样,先以80 V电压电泳30 min,再以电压120 V电泳1 h。电泳结束后转膜于PVDF膜上,室温封闭1.5 h后、一抗孵育过夜、荧光二抗孵育1 h,最后使用双色荧光扫描成像仪成像。
使用裂解缓冲液(10 mmol/L Tris-HCL、1mmol/L EDTA和0.2% NP-40)裂解孔板中的细胞,上清液用5 μL CaCl2(200 mmol/L)和0.6 μL微球菌核酸酶在37 ℃下处理 1 h。加入4 μL EDTA(0.5 mol/L)终止反应,然后在10 μL 10%十二烷基硫酸钠和10 μL蛋白酶(10 mg/mL)中37 ℃消化1 h。通过酚-氯仿提取、乙醇沉淀和水溶解提取DNA。
使用TRIzol 试剂提取细胞内总RNA,使用FastKing RT Kit试剂盒将RNA逆转录为cDNA,之后使用SYBR Green qPCR Mix试剂对pgRNA 进行实时定量 PCR,具体操作参考试剂说明书。
Southern Blot实验中,将HBV DNA在1.2%琼脂糖凝胶中电泳后印迹到尼龙膜上,然后与HBV特异性探针杂交。根据生产商的说明,使用DIG DNA标记和检测试剂进行操作。Northern blot实验中,RNA样品经含2%甲醛的1.2%凝胶电泳,印迹到尼龙膜上,然后使用DIG Northern starter kit试剂盒进行杂交,具体操作参考试剂盒说明书,最后使用化学发光成像系统进行成像。
细胞转染48 h后,使用Renilla Luciferase Assay Kit试剂盒检测荧光素酶活性,使用GloMax-Multi Jr检测系统测量生物发光。
使用乙型肝炎病毒e抗原诊断试剂盒和乙型肝炎病毒s抗原诊断试剂盒检测细胞上清中e、s抗原水平,具体操作参考试剂盒说明书。
细胞转染完成后,使用20 μmol/L MG132 处理24 h以阻止蛋白酶体降解。制备蛋白裂解液并加入一抗孵育。向蛋白-抗体复合物中加入蛋白A/G磁珠,并在4 ℃下振荡混合物3 h。离心收集免疫沉淀,将复合物洗涤3次。之后,从蛋白A/G磁珠中洗脱蛋白质,重悬于缓冲液中并在 Western blot实验前煮沸变性。
细胞转染完成后,室温下用1%甲醛交联10 min,之后加入甘氨酸至终浓度为0.125mol/L终止交联,染色质的具体制备方法以及材料使用如前所述[14]。使用anti-flag鼠抗进行免疫沉淀,使用兔IgG抗体制备阴性对照,通过RT-qPCR分析结果。
采用GraphPad Prism 8.0.2和Image J 1.8.0软件进行数据分析,数据以x¯±s表示,组间比较采用双侧非配对t检验,使用Spearman方法评估相关性,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
为了探究SRSF1对HBV复制的影响,将质粒pSRSF1与pHBV1.3共转染HepG2细胞和Huh7细胞中,并为SRSF1的转染剂量设置梯度。3 d后,收集细胞上清,使用ELISA实验测定HBsAg和HBeAg水平。4 d后,提取细胞内复制中间体进行Southern blot实验,提取细胞内RNA进行Northern blot实验。结果如图1所示,在HepG2和Huh7细胞中,过表达SRSF1可以剂量依赖性地抑制HBV DNA、HBV RNA、HBeAg和HBsAg(图1A、B、D、E)。用HBV病毒感染HepG2-NTCP细胞,24 h后梯度转染pSRSF1质粒,结果发现SRSF1的过表达显示出与HepG2和Huh7细胞相似的效果(图1C、F)。上述结果证实,SRSF1过表达可以抑制HBV的复制和转录。
为了探究SRSF1对HBV pgRNA稳定性的影响,在HepAD38细胞中过表达SRSF1,转染后添加放线菌素D(5 μg/mL)来阻断细胞转录,然后在不同的时间点收集细胞,提取细胞内总RNA,检测HBV mRNA的变化情况。RT-PCR结果显示,HBV mRNA的降解速率并未受到SRSF1过表达的影响(图2A),提示SRSF1可能通过影响HBV RNA的转录过程来发挥作用。进一步研究SRSF1对HBV核心启动子/增强子活性的影响。将pSRSF1质粒与HBV核心启动子/增强子报告质粒(pCore-Rluc)共转染到 HepG2 细胞中,发现SRSF1抑制了荧光素酶报告基因的表达,表明 SRSF1抑制了 HBV 核心启动子/增强子的活性。荧光素酶报告质粒pCore-Rluc包括增强子Ⅰ(enhancer I,EnhⅠ)、增强子Ⅱ(enhancerⅡ ,EnhⅡ)和基本核心启动子(basal core promoter,BCP)序列。为了进一步明确SRSF1作用的区段,按照图2B所示构建了报告质粒的截短突变体,其中包含质粒1636-Rluc(去除了EnhⅠ序列)、质粒1635/1744-Rluc(去除了EnhⅡ序列)和质粒1635/1744-Rluc(同时去除EnhⅠ和EnhⅡ序列)。在HepG2细胞中,将这些报告质粒截短突变体与SRSF1共转染。48 h后进行荧光素酶活性检测。结果表明,在EnhⅡ和BCP存在的情况下,SRSF1对荧光素酶的抑制效应最强,但是当EnhⅡ序列被去除时,SRSF1几乎没有抑制作用(图2C)。以上结果表明,SRSF1的抑制效应需要EnhⅡ和BCP序列的参与。SRSF1抑制HBV核心启动子活性的作用可能通过二者的相互作用来实现,为了验证这一假设,将质粒p3Flag-SRSF1转染HepG2-pCore-Gluc稳定细胞系(宿主染色体整合HBV核心启动子),然后用anti-Flag抗体和IgG抗体进行ChIP,之后通过RT-qPCR分析ChIP结果。结果显示,抗Flag抗体未能富集HBV核心启动子DNA序列,表明SRSF1与HBV核心启动子之间没有相互作用(图2D),提示SRSF1可能通过某些间接机制抑制HBV转录。
为了明确SRSF1与P53之间的关系,探究过表达SRSF1对P53蛋白水平的影响。Western blot结果表明,过表达SRSF1的确可以增加P53蛋白的表达(图3B)。为了进一步明确SRSF1对P53作用所需的关键基序,构建SRSF1的三种截短突变体,这些截短突变体分别去除了RRM1结构域(D-RRM1),RRM2结构域(D-RRM2),或RS结构域(D-RS)(图3A)。将这些截短突变体和SRSF1分别转染HepG2细胞,观察这些截短突变体对P53蛋白水平的影响。结果表明,D-RRM1不能增强P53蛋白水平的表达,而D-RRM2和D-RS的过表达都导致P53蛋白表达水平增加,尽管这两种截短突变体对于P53的诱导程度都低于SRSF1(图3B)。随后的RT-PCR实验结果表明,SRSF1并未上调P53 mRNA水平,提示SRSF1对P53的调控可能发生在转录后层面(图3C)。为了探究SRSF1对P53蛋白稳定性的影响,首先检测了SRSF1对P53半衰期的影响。在HepG2细胞中转染对照质粒或者pSRSF1质粒,然后用蛋白质合成抑制剂CHX(cycloheximide,CHX)处理细胞,在不同时间点裂解细胞进行Western blot检测。结果显示,SRSF1过表达明显延长了P53蛋白的半衰期,在150 min内P53蛋白水平都没有明显下降。这表明SRSF1可增强P53蛋白稳定性,抑制P53的降解(图3D)。为了直接确定SRSF1是否影响P53的泛素化水平,使用MG-132对HepG2细胞进行处理,观察P53的泛素化状态。结果显示,SRSF1过表达显著抑制了P53泛素化水平,同时增加了P53的稳态水平(图3E)。综上所述,SRSF1通过保护P53免受泛素化和蛋白酶体降解增强P53的稳定性从而上调其水平。
为了验证P53对HBV复制的影响,将质粒pP53与pHBV1.3共转染到HepG2细胞和Huh7细胞中。结果显示,在HepG2和Huh7细胞中,过表达P53可剂量依赖性地抑制HBV DNA、RNA、HBeAg和HBsAg(图4A、B、D、E)。此外,在HepG2-NTCP感染模型中,P53过表达显示出与HepG2 和 Huh7细胞中相似的效果(图4C、F)。接下来,使用siRNA敲低HepG2.2.15细胞中P53的表达,RT-PCR和Western blot分析显示敲低效率大于75%(图4G)。ELISA结果显示,与对照siRNA处理的细胞相比,P53敲低显著提高了HepG2.2.15细胞上清中HBeAg和HBsAg水平(图4H)。为了测试P53对HBV核心启动子的作用,将pP53与HBV核心启动子/增强子报告质粒(pCore-Rluc)共转染至 HepG2 细胞。荧光素酶检测结果表明,P53抑制了荧光素酶报告基因的表达,表明P53可抑制HBV核心启动子/增强子的活性。共转染48 h后的荧光素酶活性检测结果表明,无论是单独去除EnhⅠ和EnhⅡ序列还是同时去除两者,P53的抑制作用都没有受到太大影响,这些结果提示BCP序列可能是P53发挥效应的重要结合区段(图4I)。
为了证实P53在SRSF1抑制HBV的过程中发挥着关键作用,使用P53抑制剂(pifithrin-α,PFT-α)对HepG2细胞进行处理,ELISA结果显示,过表达SRSF1的细胞上清中HBeAg和HBsAg水平相比于对照组明显降低,但是这种抑制效应在PFT-α存在的情况下显著减弱(图5A)。之后,使用相同的分组实验检测细胞中的HBV DNA的变化水平,RT-PCR实验结果与前述的ELISA结果一致(图5B)。上述数据提示在SRSF1下调 HBV的过程中P53发挥关键作用,但似乎不是唯一因素。
SRSF1是SR蛋白家族的创始成员,参与了大量复杂的生物通路,包括mRNA代谢的几个关键环节,如mRNA剪接、稳定性和翻译,以及与mRNA无关的过程,如miRNA加工、蛋白质酰化和核仁应激反应[5]。此外,剪接因子SRSF1在调节与病毒感染有关的细胞免疫中也发挥了关键的作用。有报道发现,SRSF1不仅控制CD4+T细胞活化、分化和细胞因子转导[17],对CD8+T细胞平衡、增殖、细胞毒性和细胞因子功能也至关重要[18]。同时,SRSF1还参与作用Treg细胞的动态平衡和功能[19]。以上种种发现说明SRSF1是病毒感染重要的宿主因素之一。作为一个强有力的原癌基因,剪接因子在癌症中的新作用正在开辟一条新的癌症治疗途径[20],但目前关于SRSF1与HBV关系的研究却很少。
为了揭示SRSF1与HBV的关系,本研究首先通过ELISA、Southern blot、Northern blot和RT-PCR等实验检测SRSF1对HBV复制转录的影响,在HepG2、Huh7和HepG2-NTCP细胞模型中,SRSF1过表达均显著抑制HBV DNA和RNA,降低HBsAg和HBeAg的分泌水平。通过RT-PCR实验,本研究发现HBV mRNA的降解速率并未受SRSF1过表达的影响。利用荧光素酶报告系统,本研究发现这些效应是通过抑制HBV核心启动子活性引起的,其中EnhⅡ和BCP结合序列是SRSF1发挥抑制效应的关键。因此,SRSF1对HBV复制的抑制很可能是对HBV RNA转录抑制的结果。
由于SRSF1无法直接结合HBV核心启动子,因此本研究尝试寻找SRSF1抑制HBV的途径。曾有报道指出SRSF1通过SRSF1-RPL5-MDM2复合体从而稳定P53,该复合体可以隔绝泛素连接酶MDM2与P53的结合[15]。所以,本研究假设P53在SRSF1抑制HBV的过程中发挥重要作用。通过Western blot、RT-PCR以及泛素化实验,本研究发现SRSF1的过表达的确可以显著抑制P53泛素化的水平,从而增加P53的稳态水平。
P53是一种肿瘤抑制因子,在响应细胞内和细胞外诱变刺激时保持基因组完整性方面发挥核心作用,它还有助于宿主防御病毒感染[20]。研究报道发现,P53不仅可以通过E6AP介导的蛋白酶体降解下调HBx来抑制乙肝病毒复制[21],还可以以序列特异性方式与HBV增强子内的区域结合并调节其活性来抑制HBV复制[22]。最新还有研究指出P53可以通过与NTCP启动子区结合来抑制HBV进入肝细胞,从而抑制NTCP的合成[23]。HBx 诱导的活性氧增加p53水平,导致E3连接酶Siah-1介导的HBx降解和HBV复制抑制也为P53抑制HBV提供新的见解[24]。这些都与本研究中过表达P53可以抑制肝癌细胞系中HBV复制的实验结果所一致,也提示P53可能参与SRSF1对HBV的抑制效应。
为了确认P53在SRSF1抑制HBV的过程中发挥着关键的介导作用,使用P53抑制剂PFT-α处理细胞。ELISA和RT-PCR实验结果显示,在P53被抑制的情况下,过表达SRSF1对HBV复制的抑制效应显著减弱。以上种种实验结果都说明SRSF1通过增强P53的稳定性来发挥其抑制HBV的活性,也充分验证了我们的猜想。
综上所述,本文探究了SRSF1与HBV复制的关系,发现过表达SRSF1可以显著抑制HBV DNA和RNA以及分泌的HBeAg和HBsAg水平。利用报告基因系统,发现这些效应是通过抑制HBV核心启动子活性引起的。机制研究发现,SRSF1过表达可以通过抑制P53泛素化,从而上调P53水平,而P53过表达在多种细胞模型中表现出显著抑制HBV复制的效应。同时,P53过表达也与SRSF1一样,能抑制核心启动子转录活性;抑制 P53则使SRSF1对HBV复制的抑制效应显著降低;提示SRSF1通过P53发挥了抗HBV效应。本研究明确了SRSF1抑制HBV复制的新功能,初步阐明了SRSF1抑制HBV复制转录的机制,为更好地理解宿主因子与病毒的相互作用提供了新信息,并为抗乙肝病毒新策略的开发提供了潜在靶点。

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2025年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503083
  • 接收时间:2025-03-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-30
  • 修回日期:2025-05-20
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    1重庆医科大学感染性疾病分子生物学教育部重点实验室,重庆
    2空军军医大学第一附属医院,陕西 西安

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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