Article(id=1322218821943931671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322218730805904072, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740326400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-24, revisedDate=1747238400000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793171132789, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1751212800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793171132789, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793171132789, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793171132789, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322218730805904072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1261', pageEnd='1400', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1751212800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793171111059, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793325445066, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322866054611714261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322218730805904072, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322866054611714262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322218730805904072, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1301, endPage=1311, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322218824326296344, articleId=1322218821943931671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Quercetin inhibits ferroptosis to alleviate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate the role of quercetin (QUE) in ferroptosis during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

① Potential target genes of QUE were predicted using the TCMSP,PharmMapper,and SwissTargetPredictive databases. Target genes associated with intestinal IR injury and ferroptosis were collected from GeneCards,PharmGKB,and OMIM databases. After overlapping genes were identified and analyzed,protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using the STRING database and then visualized with Cytoscape 3.10.0. Molecular docking was performed to validate the binding conformations between QUE and key targets. ② In vivo experiments were conducted to verify QUE’s protective effects against intestinal IR injury. Thirty-six SPF-grade male C57BL/6J mice (6~8 weeks old,body weight:22±2 g) were randomly divided into Sham,Sham+QUE,IR,IR+QUE,IR+QUE+erastin (IR+QUE+Era),and IR+QUE+ kevetrin hydrochloride (IR+QUE+KH) groups,with 6 mice in each group. Mouse model of intestinal IR injury was induced by 45 min ischemia of the superior mesenteric artery followed by 60 min reperfusion. HE staining was used to observe histopathological changes in the intestinal tissues. ELISA was employed to the serum or intestinal contents of diamine oxidase (DAO),pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β),and ferroptosis markers [glutathione (GSH) and Fe2+]. Western blotting was utilized to detect the protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4),acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4),and tumor protein 53 (p53).

Results‍

① Network pharmacology identified 460 QUE targets,1 552 intestinal IR injury targets,and 1 967 ferroptosis-related targets,and 92 overlapping genes were identified as potential therapeutic targets. Molecular docking revealed a strong binding affinity between QUE and p53 (binding energy:-6.8 kcal/mol). ② In vivo experiments demonstrated that the IR+QUE group exhibited reduced intestinal damage and lower Chiu’s score (P<0.05),decreased serum DAO content but elevated intestinal DAO content (P<0.05),decreased levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β in the serum and intestinal tissues (P<0.05),reduced Fe2+ accumulation,and increased GSH content (P<0.05),and up-regulated GPX4 (P<0.05) and down-regulated ACSL4 and p53 expression (P<0.05) at protein level when compared with the IR group. While,the administration of ferroptosis agonist Era,or p53 agonist KH resulted in diminished therapeutic effects of QUE (P<0.05) when compared with the IR+QUE group.

Conclusion‍

QUE alleviates intestinal IR injury by inhibiting ferroptosis,which may be associated with its down-regulating p53 expression.

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目的

研究槲皮素(quercetin,QUE)对肠缺血再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,IR)损伤中铁死亡的作用并阐明其机制。

方法

①利用TCMSP、Pharmmapper和SwissTargetPredictive数据库预测QUE靶基因,在GeneCards、PharmGKB和OMIM数据库收集肠IR损伤和铁死亡的相关靶基因,并汇总数据筛选交集基因。用STRING数据库和Cytoscape 3.10.0软件进行蛋白质-蛋白质互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)分析。利用分子对接技术验证QUE与潜在靶点之间可能的结合构象。②进行体内实验验证QUE抗肠IR损伤作用及潜在机制。36只6~8周龄SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠[体质量(22±2)g]按随机数字抽样法分为6组(n=6):假手术组(Sham组)、假手术+QUE组(Sham+QUE组)、造模组(IR组)、造模+QUE组(IR+QUE组)、造模+QUE+爱拉斯汀(erastin,Era)组(IR+QUE+Era组)和造模+QUE+硫脲基丁腈盐酸盐(kevetrin hydrochloride,KH)组(IR+QUE+KH组)。建立小鼠肠系膜上动脉缺血45 min再灌注60 min的肠IR模型。HE染色评估小鼠IR肠组织病理学变化,酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清或肠组织中二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase,DAO),促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)及铁死亡指标谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)和Fe2+水平,Western blot检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4,GPX4)、酰基辅酶A合成化酶4(acyl coenzyme A synthase,ACSL4)和肿瘤蛋白53(tumor protein 53,p53)等蛋白的表达。

结果

①通过网络药理学筛选并去除重复基因共检索到460个QUE靶基因,1 552个肠IR损伤靶基因和1 967个铁死亡相关靶基因,取交集后获得92个蛋白作为潜在的治疗靶点。分子对接结果表明,QUE与p53结合能为-6.8 kcal/mol,表明二者具有良好的结合亲和力。②体内实验表明,相较于IR组,IR+QUE组肠组织损伤减轻且Chiu’s评分降低(P<0.05);血清DAO水平显著降低而肠组织DAO水平升高(P<0.05),并抑制肠组织和血清中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β等炎性介质,减少Fe2+蓄积,增加GSH的含量(P<0.05);GPX4蛋白表达上升(P<0.05),ACLS4蛋白和p53蛋白的表达水平下降(P<0.05)。然而给予铁死亡或p53激动剂后,相较于IR+QUE组,IR+QUE+Era组和IR+QUE+KH组QUE的治疗作用减弱(P<0.05)。

结论

QUE通过抑制铁死亡减轻肠IR损伤,其机制可能与QUE下调p53蛋白的表达有关。

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冷玉芳,E-mail:
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Acta Pharmacol Sin,2020,41(9):1208-1222., articleTitle=Cinnamaldehyde protects against rat intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injuries by synergistic inhibition of NF-κB and p53, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218842399552377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218821943931671, doi=10.1038/s41420-023-01517-8, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=197, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=31, authorNames=XU R, WANG W N, ZHANG W L, journalName=Cell Death Discov, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU R,WANG W N,ZHANG W L. Ferroptosis and the bidirectional regulatory factor p53[J]. Cell Death Discov,2023,9:197., articleTitle=Ferroptosis and the bidirectional regulatory factor p53, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218842475049850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218821943931671, doi=10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.307, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=162, issue=null, pageStart=339, pageEnd=352, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=32, authorNames=TANG L J, ZHOU Y J, XIONG X M, journalName=Free Radic Biol Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG L J,ZHOU Y J,XIONG X M,et al. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 promotes ferroptosis via activation of the p53/TfR1 pathway in the rat hearts after ischemia/reperfusion[J]. Free Radic Biol Med,2021,162:339-352., articleTitle=Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 promotes ferroptosis via activation of the p53/TfR1 pathway in the rat hearts after ischemia/reperfusion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218842558935931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218821943931671, doi=10.3389/fphys.2020.551318, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=551318, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=33, authorNames=MA S X, SUN L Y, WU W H, journalName=Front Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA S X,SUN L Y,WU W H,et al. USP22 protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the SIRT1-p53/SLC7A11-dependent inhibition of ferroptosis-induced cardiomyocyte death[J]. Front Physiol,2020,11:551318., articleTitle=USP22 protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the SIRT1-p53/SLC7A11-dependent inhibition of ferroptosis-induced cardiomyocyte death, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218842647016316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218821943931671, doi=10.1038/s41418-020-0528-x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=27, issue=9, pageStart=2635, pageEnd=2650, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=34, authorNames=LI Y C, CAO Y M, XIAO J, journalName=Cell Death Differ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y C,CAO Y M,XIAO J,et al. Inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury[J]. Cell Death Differ,2020,27(9):2635-2650., articleTitle=Inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218842730902397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218821943931671, doi=10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136134, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=762, issue=null, pageStart=136134, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=35, authorNames=KUANG H, WANG T H, LIU L, journalName=Neurosci Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUANG H,WANG T H,LIU L,et al. Treatment of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat model by inhibiting p53-induced ferroptosis[J]. 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a:P<0.05,与Sham组比较;b:P<0.05,与IR组比较A:小鼠肠组织HE染色结果;B:小鼠肠组织Chiu’s评分;C、D:小鼠肠组织和血清DAO浓度

, figureFileSmall=Bn7vY3YbMdZD3gYP+bYpyA==, figureFileBig=EgdH2Grz3q9LWRWCCzWzSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218836837905235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218821943931671, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UUacUWk1I2ePPy5BWfHqdQ==, figureFileBig=MX0gjkSJdY/F2/l0ZMQeqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218836959540052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218821943931671, language=CN, label=图5, caption=QUE对肠IR损伤小鼠炎症因子的影响 (n=6,x¯±s)

a:P<0.05,与Sham组比较;b:P<0.05,与IR组比较A、D:各组小鼠肠组织及血清中TNF-α浓度比较;B、E:各组小鼠肠组织及血清中IL-6浓度比较;C、F:各组小鼠肠组织及血清中IL-1β浓度比较

, figureFileSmall=UUacUWk1I2ePPy5BWfHqdQ==, figureFileBig=MX0gjkSJdY/F2/l0ZMQeqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218837056009045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218821943931671, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=T+s8wtDvrFEmGBOIA8podQ==, figureFileBig=JgV6dwEIO0URSZ5+pmtmkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218837135700822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218821943931671, language=CN, label=图6, caption=QUE对肠组织病理学变化及铁死亡相关指标的影响

a:P<0.05,与Sham组比较;b:P<0.05,与IR组比较;c:P<0.05,与IR+QUE组比较A:小鼠肠组织HE染色结果;B:小鼠肠组织Chiu’s评分(n=6,x¯±s);C、D:小鼠肠组织Fe2+、GSH水平(n=6,x¯±s);E~G:Western blot检测肠组织中GPX4和ACSL4的相对蛋白表达量(n=3,x¯±s)

, figureFileSmall=T+s8wtDvrFEmGBOIA8podQ==, figureFileBig=JgV6dwEIO0URSZ5+pmtmkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218837240558423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218821943931671, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=238mjGX7BHZx67IT3pgkNg==, figureFileBig=H588zT8DJ4m7wEAxF/ppBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218837345416024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218821943931671, language=CN, label=图7, caption=QUE对肠组织病理学变化、铁死亡相关指标及p53蛋白的影响

a:P< 0.05,与Sham组比较;b:P< 0.05,与IR组比较;c:P< 0.05,与IR+QUE组比较A:小鼠肠组织HE染色结果;B:小鼠肠组织Chiu’s评分(n=6,x¯±s);C、D:小鼠肠组织Fe2+,GSH水平(n=6,x¯±s);E~H:Western blot检测肠组织中GPX4、ACSL4和p53的相对蛋白表达量(n=3,x¯±s)

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槲皮素抑制铁死亡减轻肠缺血再灌注损伤
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马小杰 1 , 冷玉芳 1, 2 , 慕佳璐 1 , 孔令国 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学 2025,47(12): 1301-1311
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陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学 2025 , 47 (12) : 1301 -1311
槲皮素抑制铁死亡减轻肠缺血再灌注损伤
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马小杰1, 冷玉芳1, 2 , 慕佳璐1, 孔令国1
作者信息
  • 1兰州大学第一临床医学院,甘肃 兰州
  • 2兰州大学第一医院麻醉手术科,甘肃 兰州
通讯作者:
冷玉芳,E-mail:
LENG Yufang,E-mail:.
Quercetin inhibits ferroptosis to alleviate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Xiaojie MA1, Yufang LENG1, 2 , Jialu MU1, Lingguo KONG1
Affiliations
  • 1First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu
  • 2Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery,the First Hospital of Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu,China
出版时间: 2025-06-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502074
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目的

研究槲皮素(quercetin,QUE)对肠缺血再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,IR)损伤中铁死亡的作用并阐明其机制。

方法

①利用TCMSP、Pharmmapper和SwissTargetPredictive数据库预测QUE靶基因,在GeneCards、PharmGKB和OMIM数据库收集肠IR损伤和铁死亡的相关靶基因,并汇总数据筛选交集基因。用STRING数据库和Cytoscape 3.10.0软件进行蛋白质-蛋白质互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)分析。利用分子对接技术验证QUE与潜在靶点之间可能的结合构象。②进行体内实验验证QUE抗肠IR损伤作用及潜在机制。36只6~8周龄SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠[体质量(22±2)g]按随机数字抽样法分为6组(n=6):假手术组(Sham组)、假手术+QUE组(Sham+QUE组)、造模组(IR组)、造模+QUE组(IR+QUE组)、造模+QUE+爱拉斯汀(erastin,Era)组(IR+QUE+Era组)和造模+QUE+硫脲基丁腈盐酸盐(kevetrin hydrochloride,KH)组(IR+QUE+KH组)。建立小鼠肠系膜上动脉缺血45 min再灌注60 min的肠IR模型。HE染色评估小鼠IR肠组织病理学变化,酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清或肠组织中二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase,DAO),促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)及铁死亡指标谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)和Fe2+水平,Western blot检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4,GPX4)、酰基辅酶A合成化酶4(acyl coenzyme A synthase,ACSL4)和肿瘤蛋白53(tumor protein 53,p53)等蛋白的表达。

结果

①通过网络药理学筛选并去除重复基因共检索到460个QUE靶基因,1 552个肠IR损伤靶基因和1 967个铁死亡相关靶基因,取交集后获得92个蛋白作为潜在的治疗靶点。分子对接结果表明,QUE与p53结合能为-6.8 kcal/mol,表明二者具有良好的结合亲和力。②体内实验表明,相较于IR组,IR+QUE组肠组织损伤减轻且Chiu’s评分降低(P<0.05);血清DAO水平显著降低而肠组织DAO水平升高(P<0.05),并抑制肠组织和血清中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β等炎性介质,减少Fe2+蓄积,增加GSH的含量(P<0.05);GPX4蛋白表达上升(P<0.05),ACLS4蛋白和p53蛋白的表达水平下降(P<0.05)。然而给予铁死亡或p53激动剂后,相较于IR+QUE组,IR+QUE+Era组和IR+QUE+KH组QUE的治疗作用减弱(P<0.05)。

结论

QUE通过抑制铁死亡减轻肠IR损伤,其机制可能与QUE下调p53蛋白的表达有关。

肠缺血再灌注损伤  /  铁死亡  /  槲皮素  /  网络药理学
Objective‍

To investigate the role of quercetin (QUE) in ferroptosis during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

① Potential target genes of QUE were predicted using the TCMSP,PharmMapper,and SwissTargetPredictive databases. Target genes associated with intestinal IR injury and ferroptosis were collected from GeneCards,PharmGKB,and OMIM databases. After overlapping genes were identified and analyzed,protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using the STRING database and then visualized with Cytoscape 3.10.0. Molecular docking was performed to validate the binding conformations between QUE and key targets. ② In vivo experiments were conducted to verify QUE’s protective effects against intestinal IR injury. Thirty-six SPF-grade male C57BL/6J mice (6~8 weeks old,body weight:22±2 g) were randomly divided into Sham,Sham+QUE,IR,IR+QUE,IR+QUE+erastin (IR+QUE+Era),and IR+QUE+ kevetrin hydrochloride (IR+QUE+KH) groups,with 6 mice in each group. Mouse model of intestinal IR injury was induced by 45 min ischemia of the superior mesenteric artery followed by 60 min reperfusion. HE staining was used to observe histopathological changes in the intestinal tissues. ELISA was employed to the serum or intestinal contents of diamine oxidase (DAO),pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β),and ferroptosis markers [glutathione (GSH) and Fe2+]. Western blotting was utilized to detect the protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4),acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4),and tumor protein 53 (p53).

Results‍

① Network pharmacology identified 460 QUE targets,1 552 intestinal IR injury targets,and 1 967 ferroptosis-related targets,and 92 overlapping genes were identified as potential therapeutic targets. Molecular docking revealed a strong binding affinity between QUE and p53 (binding energy:-6.8 kcal/mol). ② In vivo experiments demonstrated that the IR+QUE group exhibited reduced intestinal damage and lower Chiu’s score (P<0.05),decreased serum DAO content but elevated intestinal DAO content (P<0.05),decreased levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β in the serum and intestinal tissues (P<0.05),reduced Fe2+ accumulation,and increased GSH content (P<0.05),and up-regulated GPX4 (P<0.05) and down-regulated ACSL4 and p53 expression (P<0.05) at protein level when compared with the IR group. While,the administration of ferroptosis agonist Era,or p53 agonist KH resulted in diminished therapeutic effects of QUE (P<0.05) when compared with the IR+QUE group.

Conclusion‍

QUE alleviates intestinal IR injury by inhibiting ferroptosis,which may be associated with its down-regulating p53 expression.

intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury  /  ferroptosis  /  quercetin  /  network pharmacology
马小杰, 冷玉芳, 慕佳璐, 孔令国. 槲皮素抑制铁死亡减轻肠缺血再灌注损伤. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (12) : 1301 -1311 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502074
Xiaojie MA, Yufang LENG, Jialu MU, Lingguo KONG. Quercetin inhibits ferroptosis to alleviate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (12) : 1301 -1311 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502074
小肠在食物的消化及营养物质的吸收中扮演着至关重要的角色,作为机体内外环境的关键屏障,其正常的生理功能是维持生物体生存的必要条件[1]。肠缺血再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,IR)损伤是临床中常见的危急重症,通常继发于肠系膜动脉血栓、休克、脓毒症和肠梗阻等疾病。如果不及时干预,肠IR损伤会发展为全身炎症反应,甚至造成多器官功能障碍[2]。据报道,急性肠系膜缺血的发生率为0.1%,总体死亡率为50%,重症监护室患者30 d内死亡率为71%[3]。然而,目前尚缺乏针对肠IR损伤的有效预防和治疗策略,以及特定的治疗药物,这严重影响了患者的生活质量,并对家庭和社会造成了沉重的经济负担。因此,迫切需要探索新的治疗药物及潜在的治疗靶点。
在肠IR过程中,由于氧化应激和炎症反应可触发多种形式的细胞死亡,包括细胞凋亡、自噬、焦亡、铁死亡和坏死[4]。铁死亡是由DIXON团队[5]于2012年首次提出的一种受调节的细胞死亡形式,其特征是Fe2+积累、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)产生过多和脂质过氧化。越来越多的研究表明铁死亡会加重肠IR损伤[6],因此抑制铁死亡可能是治疗肠IR损伤的新靶点。
槲皮素(quercetin,QUE)是一种天然类黄酮,存在于苹果、洋葱等许多水果和蔬菜中,是饮食中不可或缺的一部分,具有多种药理作用,如抗氧化、抗炎和改善胰岛素抵抗等[7]。研究表明,QUE通过激活CD68阳性巨噬细胞减轻肠IR损伤[8],并且可以抑制中枢神经系统、肝脏、肾脏、骨髓来源间充质干细胞、2型糖尿病和炎症反应中的铁死亡减轻损伤[9]。然而,QUE对肠IR损伤中铁死亡的作用及机制尚不清楚。
因此,本研究综合网络药理学、分子对接技术以及体内实验多种方法,探究QUE对肠IR损伤中铁死亡的作用及其潜在靶点。
通过筛选TCMSP(https://www.tcmsp-e.com/#/database)、SwissTargetPrediction(https://swisstargetprediction.cn)和Pharmmapper(http:// lilab ecust.cn/Pharmmapper/submitfile.html)数据库,查找QUE相关的靶点。通过搜索GeneCards(https://www.genecards.org/)、PharmGKB(https://www.pharmgkb.org)和OMIM(http://omim.org)数据库查找肠IR损伤和铁死亡相关的靶点,以获得疾病相关基因。由于从不同数据库获得的基因靶点可能不完全标准化,将上述靶点使用 Uniprot(https://www.genecards.org/)数据库转换为标准化基因名称,并限制为“人类”物种。
将上述获得的肠IR损伤、铁死亡和QUE靶点导入微生信(https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn)网站,绘制韦恩图,并获得3者的交集靶点。
将获得的交集靶点导入STRING数据库(https://string-db.org/),物种选择人类,最小化阈值调整为0.4,排除无关联的孤立靶点后得到蛋白相互作用TSV文件,将该TSV文件导入Cytoscape 3.10.0软件,构建QUE治疗肠IR损伤潜在靶点的蛋白质-蛋白质互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络图。
进行分子对接以验证药物与潜在的靶点相互作用。从PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)中下载QUE三维结构。使用OpenBabel 3.1.1软件将上述QUE结构转化为PDB格式并保存。肿瘤蛋白53(tumor protein 53,p53)蛋白的晶体结构(代码:7BWN)从蛋白质数据库(PDBhttps://www.rcsb.org/)下载。将p53蛋白导入Pymol 2.5.0软件去除配体、水分子和金属离子结构并保存为PDB格式。使用AutodockTools1.5.7软件对p53蛋白进行加氢、活性口袋搜索等前处理,选择其为受体;选择QUE为配体并将二者分别保存为PDBQT格式。将经过处理的受体(p53)和配体(QUE)用Autodock Vina 1.5.7软件进行对接,得分越低,亲和力越高,并用Pymol 2.5.0软件进行可视化。
36只6~8周龄SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,体质量(22±2)g,购自兰州大学实验动物中心。将动物饲养在通风良好的 SPF 级房间内[温度(20±2)℃,湿度45%~55%,12 h光照和黑暗循环],自由进食和饮水。所有动物实验在兰州大学GLP实验室进行,实验程序均按照《国际实验动物护理和使用指南》进行,并经兰州大学第一医院伦理委员会批准(LDYYLL2025-14)。
QUE、爱拉斯汀(erastin,Era)、硫脲基丁腈盐酸盐(kevetrin hydrochloride,KH)和二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)购自美国MedChemExpress公司;二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase,DAO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)检测试剂盒购自江苏酶免实业有限公司;谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物研究所;Fe2+检测试剂盒购自北京普利莱基因技术有限公司;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4,GPX4)、酰基辅酶A合成化酶4(acyl coenzyme A synthase,ACSL4)抗体购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司;p53抗体购自美国Immunoway公司;β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)抗体购自美国GeneTex公司;聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)膜购自美国Millipore公司;增强型化学发光液购自上海翊圣科技有限公司;蛋白电泳Marker购自深圳市尚唯生物科技有限公司;放射免疫沉淀法缓冲液(radio immunoprecipitation assay,RIPA)、二喹啉甲酸(bicin-choninic acid,BCA)蛋白定量试剂盒、tris-borate-sodium tween-20(TBST)缓冲液、30%制胶液、电转液、电泳液、苏木素染色液、伊红水溶液购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司。
小鼠适应性喂养1周后,按随机数字抽样法分为6组(n=6):假手术组(Sham组)、假手术+QUE组(Sham+QUE组)、造模组(IR组)、造模+QUE组(IR+QUE组)、造模+QUE+铁死亡激动剂Era组(IR+QUE+Era组)和造模+QUE+p53激动剂KH组(IR+QUE+KH组)。将QUE、Era和KH溶解在DMSO中,根据前期研究[10],Sham+QUE组、IR+QUE组、IR+QUE+Era组和IR+QUE+KH组小鼠术前7 d腹腔注射QUE(50 mg/kg,1次/d),Sham组和IR组小鼠在同一时间点腹腔注射等量DMSO。查阅前期相关研究及MedChemExpress公司官网药物使用说明,IR+QUE+Era组造模前1 d腹腔注射Era(40 mg/kg)[11-12],IR+QUE+KH组造模前7 d腹腔注射KH(200 mg/kg,1次/d)[13]。
Sham组和Sham+QUE组小鼠仅分离肠系膜上动脉,IR组、IR+QUE组、IR+QUR+Era组和IR+QUE+KH组小鼠构建肠系膜上动脉缺血45 min再灌注60 min的肠IR模型[14-15],采集其血液样本及距回盲部10 cm处的小肠组织样本,以供后续分析,对各组小鼠腹腔注射10%水合氯醛麻醉后处死。
取小肠组织,固定在4%多聚甲醛中,用石蜡块包埋。采用HE染色双盲法评估小鼠肠组织病理学病变程度,并进行Chiu’s评分。
根据制造商说明书,通过相关试剂盒检测血清或肠组织中DAO、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、GSH和Fe2+含量。
在-80 ℃下提取肠组织并立即置于冰上,将组织剪碎用磷酸盐缓冲液洗2~3遍,加入裂解液置于冰上裂解30 min后超声蛋白样品,在4 ℃下以13 871×g 离心15 min,取上清备用。使用BCA蛋白定量试剂盒检测蛋白含量。在每次Western blot分析中,通过十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离每组等量的蛋白质(120 μg),并电转移至PVDF膜。取PVDF膜置于5%脱脂牛奶中,于摇床上室温封闭1.5 h。将膜分别置于GPX4、ACSL4、p53和β-actin 的一抗稀释液中,4 ℃孵育过夜。使用封闭液按1∶5 000稀释二抗,温室孵育1 h。TBST洗膜,室温3×10 min 摇洗。置于化学发光仪中曝光,并采用Image J对条带进行定量分析。
所有统计分析使用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件,符合正态分布的计数资料以x¯±s表示。每个独立实验至少重复3次以获得平均值。使用t检验比较2组之间的差异,使用单因素方差分析进行组间比较。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
为研究QUE减轻肠IR损伤中铁死亡的潜在机制,将检索数据库获得的460个QUE基因、1 552个肠IR损伤基因和1 967个铁死亡基因利用韦恩图进行分析,由图可知交集得到潜在靶点92个(图1)。
将92个交集靶点导入 STRING 数据库进行分析,使用Cytoscape 3.10.0软件进行核心靶蛋白筛选,得到PPI网络图,根据degree值,排名前10位的基因是TNF-α、AKT1、IL-6、p53、HIF1A、ALB、IL-1β、TGFB1、MMP9、CASP3(图2)。传统观点主要将p53定位于经典的肿瘤抑制因子,然而近年研究揭示该基因在铁死亡调控中具有关键作用,其分子机制具有显著的多效性特征,因此本研究选择p53作为核心调控节点进行深入探索。
分子对接显示QUE与p53之间有很强的亲和力(结合能:-6.8 kcal/mol),表明QUE能与p53蛋白实现良好结合,且QUE主要与p53蛋白的ARG-80、HIS-81、LEU-195和VAL-193氨基酸残基相互作用(图3)。
为评估QUE对小鼠肠IR损伤的保护作用,采用HE染色法对各组小鼠肠组织进行染色,并通过光学显微镜观察其病理学变化。结果显示,Sham组与Sham+QUE组小鼠肠黏膜结构完整,未见明显病理改变,绒毛形态正常;相较于Sham组,IR组小鼠肠组织出现显著的病理损伤,表现为绒毛排列紊乱、结构崩解和脱落,小肠黏膜固有层破坏,并伴有溃疡、出血及大量炎性细胞浸润(图4A)。同时,IR组Chiu’s评分显著上升(P<0.05,图4B),血清DAO水平显著升高而肠组织DAO水平下降(P<0.05,图4C、D)。相较于IR组,IR+QUE组小鼠肠黏膜结构基本保持完整,病理损伤程度明显减轻,表现为绒毛断裂脱落减少,出血及炎症细胞浸润程度降低(图4A),Chiu’s评分降低(P<0.05),血清DAO水平显著降低而肠组织DAO水平升高(P<0.05,图4B~D),表明QUE预处理可显著减轻肠IR小鼠的肠组织病理损伤。
为评估QUE预处理对肠IR损伤相关炎症反应的调控作用,检测各组小鼠血清和肠组织中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β等关键促炎因子的表达水平。结果显示,相较于Sham组,IR组小鼠血清和肠组织中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05);而IR+QUE组促炎因子的表达水平较IR组明显降低(P<0.05,图5)。基于上述实验结果,本研究证实QUE在肠IR损伤中具有显著的抗炎作用,其机制可能通过抑制TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β等促炎因子的过度表达,从而减轻肠IR诱导的炎症级联反应。
为探究QUE对肠IR损伤中铁死亡的调控作用,通过HE染色观察各组小鼠肠组织病理学改变;采用ELISA实验检测铁死亡相关生化指标(Fe2+和GSH)水平;Western blot检测铁死亡关键调控蛋白(GPX4和ACSL4)的表达。结果显示:相较于Sham组,IR组小鼠肠组织中Fe2+含量显著升高(P<0.05),而GSH含量明显降低(P<0.05),GPX4蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),同时ACSL4蛋白表达量呈现明显升高趋势(P<0.05),提示铁死亡过程被激活;然而相较于IR组,IR+QUE组小鼠肠组织中Fe2+含量显著下降(P<0.05),GSH含量明显升高(P<0.05);GPX4表达显著增加(P<0.05),ACSL4表达明显减少(P<0.05,图6C~G)。为进一步验证QUE的抗铁死亡作用,本研究采用铁死亡激动剂进行干预,结果显示:相较于IR+QUE组,IR+QUE+Era组小鼠肠黏膜结构破坏,绒毛分离断裂,固有层崩解伴出血及溃疡,Chiu’s评分显著增加(P<0.05);肠组织中Fe2+含量显著增加(P<0.05),GSH含量明显降低(P<0.05);同时GPX4表达显著下调(P<0.05),而ACSL4表达明显上调(P<0.05,图6C~G)。基于上述实验结果,本研究表明QUE预处理通过抑制铁死亡减轻肠IR损伤,这一保护作用可能是通过调控GPX4和ACSL4的表达,维持铁代谢平衡和氧化还原稳态实现。
为探讨p53蛋白在肠IR损伤中对铁死亡的作用,采用ELISA实验和Western blot检测铁死亡相关指标及p53蛋白的表达水平。结果显示:相较于Sham组,IR组p53的表达显著增加(P<0.05),而相较于IR组,IR+QUE组肠组织中p53的表达降低(P<0.05,图7H)。为进一步验证QUE对p53蛋白的作用及与铁死亡的关系,采用p53蛋白激动剂进行干预,结果显示:相较于IR+QUE组,IR+QUE+KH组小鼠肠黏膜结构破坏,绒毛分离断裂,固有层崩解伴出血及溃疡(图7A),Chiu’s评分显著增加(P<0.05,图7B);肠组织中Fe2+含量增加(P<0.05),GSH含量降低(P<0.05);同时GPX4表达显著下调(P<0.05),而ACSL4与p53蛋白表达明显上调(P<0.05,图7C~H)。上述结果表明,QUE通过下调p53蛋白的表达抑制肠IR中的铁死亡过程,从而减轻肠IR损伤。
肠IR损伤是临床常见的危急重症,尽管大量研究已经表明氧化应激、炎症级联反应及细胞死亡等机制在肠IR损伤中具有重要作用,但目前仍未形成有效的特异性临床干预策略[4]。铁死亡作为程序性细胞死亡的新形式,病理作用已在肠IR及多器官功能障碍综合征中得到证实[16]。近年来,具有多靶点调控潜力的天然活性成分在脏器保护领域展现出独特优势。本研究聚焦的QUE作为膳食类黄酮的典型代表,具有强大的抗氧化、抗炎及抗细胞凋亡等特性。研究发现,在肝脏疾病模型中QUE通过抑制IL-6/STAT3信号并激活GPX4信号抑制铁死亡减轻肝脏损伤[17]。特别在酒精性肝病中,QUE通过调控蛋白激酶RNA样内质网激酶依赖性线粒体-内质网膜重构,有效抑制铁死亡进程[18]。在神经系统保护方面,QUE通过靶向结合热休克蛋白90( heat shock protein 90,HSP90)的R347位点,显著下调HSP90表达水平,继而抑制分子伴侣介导的自噬(chaperone-mediated autophagy,CMA)通路活性,有效阻止CMA依赖性GPX4降解,最终通过阻断铁死亡缓解神经元氧化应激损伤[19]。在子痫前期模型中,QUE通过特异性结合表皮生长因子受体发挥双重调节作用,既抑制铁死亡又减轻炎症反应,从而改善内皮功能障碍[20]。在泌尿系统保护方面,糖尿病肾病模型显示QUE通过降低ROS水平并激活核因子-红细胞相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf 2)信号抑制铁死亡[21],而赭曲霉毒素A诱导的肾损伤研究进一步证实其通过抑制脂质过氧化和铁死亡发挥保护作用[22]。呼吸疾病研究表明,QUE在肺组织中通过激活Sirt1/Nrf2/Gpx4信号轴,不仅增强肺泡上皮细胞增殖能力和屏障功能,还可经Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制铁死亡,从而减轻脂多糖诱导的急性肺损伤[23-24]。心血管系统研究则发现[25],QUE在脓毒症心肌病模型中通过下调花生四烯酸15-脂肪氧化酶表达并激活PI3K/AKT通路,有效抑制心肌细胞铁死亡。本研究结果表明,IR组小鼠肠组织损伤加重,Chiu’s评分显著上升;Fe2+水平显著升高,而GSH水平明显降低;GPX4蛋白表达减少,同时ACSL4蛋白表达量明显升高,提示铁死亡过程被激活,这与本课题组先前的研究结果一致[15]。QUE预处理后可显著逆转IR损伤诱发的Fe2+失衡并恢复GSH水平,有效上调关键抗铁死亡蛋白GPX4表达,同时抑制促铁死亡蛋白ACSL4表达。这种双向调控作用提示QUE可能通过重塑铁死亡稳态发挥保护效应。而给予铁死亡激动剂后,其特异性诱导的脂质过氧化爆发不仅抵消了QUE的治疗作用,更导致肠组织损伤等典型铁死亡形态学改变,这一结果为QUE通过靶向铁死亡通路减轻肠IR损伤提供了直接证据。
为探究QUE抑制铁死亡减轻肠IR损伤的分子作用机制,本研究综合运用网络药理学和分子对接技术,通过构建“药物-疾病-靶点”多维网络模型,整合分析QUE、肠IR损伤相关靶点及死铁亡信号通路的交集网络,筛选出TNF-α、AKT1、IL-6、p53、HIF1A等关键调控靶点。作为经典的抑癌基因,p53在肿瘤发生发展中的核心调控作用已得到充分阐释。研究发现,p53还参与包括组织IR损伤在内的多种病理过程[26],展现出超越传统认知的生物学多样性。有研究表明,p53蛋白可促进细胞凋亡加重肠IR损伤[27]。然而,p53对铁死亡的调控因细胞和组织类型的不同具有双重作用。在肿瘤和异常细胞中,p53主要通过促进溶质载体家族25成员28、铁氧还蛋白还原酶、肝型谷氨酰胺酶和花生四烯酸-15-脂氧合酶的表达水平,抑制溶质载体家族7成员11(solute carrier family 7 member 11,SLC7A11)转录并调节非编码RNA(微小RNA和长链非编码RNA)共同促进铁死亡[28],这些作用有助于机体消除肿瘤和异常细胞,对机体有益。但在心肌IR损伤中p53通过上调转铁蛋白受体1的表达[29],抑制泛素特异性蛋白酶22和SLC7A11的活性[30],共同促进了铁死亡过程,加剧了心肌损伤;而抑制p53转录活性通过Nrf 2信号通路减轻肠IR损伤诱导的远隔脏器肺组织急性损伤[31];并且有研究发现上调 SLC7A11和GPX4的表达并抑制p53的激活可以减少与铁死亡相关的早期脑损伤[32],因此损伤较轻的组织中下调p53的表达可以抑制铁死亡减轻组织损伤。本研究分子对接验证发现,QUE与p53蛋白有较高的结合能(-6.8 kcal/mol),其分子间通过形成稳定的氢键和疏水相互作用,有效占据p53蛋白的DNA结合结构域,提示QUE可能通过调控p53介导的铁死亡通路发挥肠保护作用。进一步通过动物实验,本研究发现在肠IR损伤模型组p53表达显著上调,经QUE干预后p53表达显著下降,而p53激动剂处理可部分逆转QUE保护效应,提示p53信号通路在QUE介导的铁死亡抑制中发挥关键调控作用。
综上所述,QUE预处理通过抑制铁死亡减轻肠IR损伤,QUE是减轻肠IR损伤的有效药物。本研究有以下局限性:①本研究并未在体外细胞中进行验证;②关于p53调控铁死亡上下游具体机制并未做详细探究。因此后续研究可通过构建肠上皮特异性p53敲除小鼠,结合单细胞测序和空间代谢组学技术,深入解析该通路的细胞类型依赖性及微环境调控网络。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502074
  • 接收时间:2025-02-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24
  • 修回日期:2025-05-15
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    1兰州大学第一临床医学院,甘肃 兰州
    2兰州大学第一医院麻醉手术科,甘肃 兰州

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