Article(id=1322218662002540927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322218660677140862, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202501045, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736870400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-15, revisedDate=1744560000000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793171094656, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1748534400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793171094656, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793171094656, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793171094656, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322218660677140862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1029', pageEnd='1144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748534400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793171094339, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793325331065, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322865576456868294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322218660677140862, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322865576456868295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322218660677140862, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1126, endPage=1134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322218663227277696, articleId=1322218662002540927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Current status of pain and its influencing factors in patients with chronic wounds: a cross-sectional survey, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
‍Objective

‍To investigate the status of pain and influencing factors of patients with chronic wounds.

Methods‍

A convenience sampling was used to recruit 186 patients with chronic wounds from a tertiary hospital in Chongqing between January and August 2024. General information questionnaire, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and Chronic Wound Pain Status Questionnaire were used to collect data.

Results‍

The 186 patients had a median score for pain knowledge of 15 (12, 19), for pain attitude of 40 (37, 45), and for coping behaviors of 21 (16, 26). Generalized linear model analysis showed that age, education level, and per capita monthly household income were independent factors influencing pain knowledge (standardized regression coefficients: -1.625, 2.071, 1.209; 95%CI: -2.479~-0.770, 1.431~2.711, 0.160~2.258, respectively; P<0.05). Education level and baseline pain intensity were independent factors influencing pain attitude (standardized regression coefficients: 3.036, -2.211; 95%CI: 2.146~3.926, -3.568~-0.854; P<0.05). Education level and type of pain persistence were independent factors influencing coping behaviors to pain (standardized regression coefficients: 1.001, -1.694; 95%CI: 0.194~1.809, -3.262~-0.126; P<0.05).

Conclusion

Patients with chronic wounds have generally low levels of pain-related knowledge, attitudes, and coping behaviors. Age, per capita monthly household income, education level, and pain characteristics significantly influence their pain status. Education level plays a key role in influencing pain among patients with chronic wounds by shaping their access to pain-related knowledge, development of their attitudes toward pain, and execution of pain management behaviors.

, authors=Congying FU1, Ning LI2, Maojun LI2, Haisheng LI2, Lihua WANG3, authorsList=Congying FU, Ning LI, Maojun LI, Haisheng LI, Lihua WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lihua WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322218663718011265, articleId=1322218662002540927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=慢性伤口患者疼痛现状调查及影响因素分析, columnId=1322185541475488183, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

‍

目的

调查慢性伤口患者的疼痛现状及影响因素。

方法

采用便利抽样法,2024年1-8月,选取重庆市某三级甲等医院186名慢性伤口患者,使用一般资料调查表、数字评定量表、慢性伤口患者疼痛现状调查问卷进行问卷调查。

结果

186名慢性伤口患者的疼痛知识维度得分为15(12,19)分,疼痛态度维度得分为40(37,45)分,疼痛应对行为维度得分为21(16,26)分。广义线性模型显示,年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入是患者疼痛知识的独立影响因素(标准化回归系数分别为-1.625、2.071、1.209,95%置信区间分别为-0.770~-2.479、1.431~2.711、0.160~2.258,P<0.05),文化程度、基础性疼痛程度是患者疼痛态度的独立影响因素(标准化回归系数分别为3.036、-2.211,95%置信区间分别为2.146~3.926、-3.568~-0.854,P<0.05),文化程度、伤口疼痛持续类型是患者疼痛应对行为的独立影响因素(标准化回归系数分别为1.001、-1.694,95%置信区间分别为0.194~1.809、-3.262~-0.126,P<0.05)。

结论

慢性伤口患者在疼痛知识、态度与应对行为方面整体水平偏低。年龄、家庭人均月收入、文化程度以及自身疼痛特征等因素对患者的疼痛现状具有显著影响。文化程度通过影响患者的疼痛知识获取、疼痛态度形成以及疼痛行为的实施,成为影响慢性伤口患者疼痛的重要因素。

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王丽华,E-mail:
WANG Lihua,E-mail:
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Pain Rep,2023,8(6):e1093., articleTitle=Health literacy and pain neuroscience education in an interdisciplinary pain management programme:a qualitative study of patient perspectives, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322218663999029634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218664011612547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, companyId=1322218663999029634, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang,Guizhou), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218664020001156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, companyId=1322218663999029634, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1贵州中医药大学护理学院,贵阳)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322218664091304325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218664099692934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, companyId=1322218664091304325, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning,Institute of Burn Research), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218664103887239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, companyId=1322218664091304325, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院烧伤科,创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322218664166801800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218664175190409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, companyId=1322218664166801800, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Hospital Administration Office,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218664183579018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, companyId=1322218664166801800, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3院办公室,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322218667715183020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目与类别构成比(%)项目与类别构成比(%)
性别伤口部位
男116(62.4)头面颈13(7.0)
女70(37.6)上肢23(12.4)
年龄躯干24(12.9)
18~40岁48(25.8)会阴及臀部9(4.8)
41~60岁98(52.7)下肢117(62.9)
≥61岁40(21.5)伤口愈合阶段
文化程度炎症反应期57(30.6)
初中及以下93(50.0)肉芽生长期124(66.7)
高中或中专57(30.7)上皮爬行期5(2.7)
大专14(7.5)伤口持续时间
本科及以上22(11.8)1~3月81(43.6)
家庭人均月收入/元4~12月59(31.7)
<3 00080(43.0)>12月46(24.7)
3 000~6 00098(52.7)疼痛持续类型
>6 0008(4.3)持续性疼痛74(39.8)
是否存在合并症间歇性疼痛112(60.2)
是91(48.9)基础性疼痛程度
否95(51.1)轻度疼痛132(71.0)
伤口类型中度疼痛46(24.7)
压力性损伤4(2.2)重度疼痛8(4.3)
糖尿病足溃疡12(6.5)
下肢血管溃疡13(7.0)
烧创伤残余伤口113(60.6)
术后未愈合伤口26(14.0)
其他类型伤口18(9.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1322218667782291885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

慢性伤口患者的一般资料 (n=186)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目与类别构成比(%)项目与类别构成比(%)
性别伤口部位
男116(62.4)头面颈13(7.0)
女70(37.6)上肢23(12.4)
年龄躯干24(12.9)
18~40岁48(25.8)会阴及臀部9(4.8)
41~60岁98(52.7)下肢117(62.9)
≥61岁40(21.5)伤口愈合阶段
文化程度炎症反应期57(30.6)
初中及以下93(50.0)肉芽生长期124(66.7)
高中或中专57(30.7)上皮爬行期5(2.7)
大专14(7.5)伤口持续时间
本科及以上22(11.8)1~3月81(43.6)
家庭人均月收入/元4~12月59(31.7)
<3 00080(43.0)>12月46(24.7)
3 000~6 00098(52.7)疼痛持续类型
>6 0008(4.3)持续性疼痛74(39.8)
是否存在合并症间歇性疼痛112(60.2)
是91(48.9)基础性疼痛程度
否95(51.1)轻度疼痛132(71.0)
伤口类型中度疼痛46(24.7)
压力性损伤4(2.2)重度疼痛8(4.3)
糖尿病足溃疡12(6.5)
下肢血管溃疡13(7.0)
烧创伤残余伤口113(60.6)
术后未愈合伤口26(14.0)
其他类型伤口18(9.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1322218667861983662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目得分范围
[分,M( P25,P75 )]
得分情况
[分,M( P25,P75 )]
等级[人(%)]
较差中等良好
知识维度5~2415(12,19)67(36.1)70(37.6)49(26.3)
态度维度30~5640(37,45)25(13.4)127(68.3)34(18.3)
行为维度9~3421(16,26)127(68.3)55(29.5)4(2.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1322218667933286831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

慢性伤口患者疼痛现状各维度得分情况 (n=186)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目得分范围
[分,M( P25,P75 )]
得分情况
[分,M( P25,P75 )]
等级[人(%)]
较差中等良好
知识维度5~2415(12,19)67(36.1)70(37.6)49(26.3)
态度维度30~5640(37,45)25(13.4)127(68.3)34(18.3)
行为维度9~3421(16,26)127(68.3)55(29.5)4(2.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1322218668000395696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目与类别构成比(%)知识总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
态度总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
行为总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
检验统计量值1P1值检验统计量值2P2值检验统计量值3P3值
性别
男116(62.4)15(12,19)40(37,46)19(15,26)Z=-0.0530.596Z=-0.6810.496Z=-1.6520.099
女70(37.6)15(12,18)39(37,44)22(16,27)
年龄
18~40岁48(25.8)21(18,22)48(39,50)23(19,28)
41~60岁98(52.7)15(12,17)39(37,42)20(16,24)H=58.5060.001H=26.400<0.001H=9.2170.010
≥61岁40(21.5)13(9,15)39(37,42)18(15,27)
文化程度
初中及以下93(50.0)13(10,15)38(36,41)19(15,24)H=84.026<0.001H=51.163<0.001H=14.5330.002
高中或中专57(30.7)16(14,18)40(37,44)20(16,27)
大专14(7.5)21(17,22)47(37,51)23(19,27)
本科及以上22(11.8)23(21,23)50(48,54)24(21,28)
家庭人均月收入/元
<3 00080(43.0)13(10,15)38(36,41)20(15,24)H=51.241<0.001H=28.403<0.001H=5.5430.063
3 000~6 00098(52.7)17(14,21)41(38,48)21(16,26)
>6 0008(4.3)22(20,23)48(44,50)27(22,28)
是否存在合并症
是91(48.9)14(12,17)38(37,43)20(15,27)Z=-2.8080.005Z=-3.1600.002Z=-0.2870.774
否95(51.1)17(12,20)41(38,47)21(16,24)
伤口类型
压力性损伤4(2.2)12(9,19)40(38,46)13(12,27)H=7.0070.220H=7.0000.221H=14.4580.013
糖尿病足溃疡12(6.5)13(10,18)37(36,42)17(12,22)
下肢血管溃疡13(7.0)15(11,16)38(37,43)27(21,30)
烧创伤残余伤口113(60.6)15(12,20)40(38,45)21(16,24)
术后未愈合伤口26(14.0)16(14,19)39(37,48)21(16,27)
其他类型伤口18(9.7)15(12,19)38(35,46)22(17,28)
伤口部位
头面颈13(7.0)15(10,18)37(35,43)23(14,29)H=17.3700.002H=7.7850.100H=5.5800.233
上肢23(12.4)16(13,21)40(38,49)20(16,20)
躯干24(12.9)20(15,22)44(37,50)23(19,28)
会阴及臀部9(4.8)12(10,20)39(36,47)14(13,25)
下肢117(62.9)14(12,18)40(37,43)21(16,26)
), ArticleFig(id=1322218668088476081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

慢性伤口患者一般资料及疼痛现状影响因素的单因素分析结果 (n=186)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目与类别构成比(%)知识总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
态度总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
行为总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
检验统计量值1P1值检验统计量值2P2值检验统计量值3P3值
性别
男116(62.4)15(12,19)40(37,46)19(15,26)Z=-0.0530.596Z=-0.6810.496Z=-1.6520.099
女70(37.6)15(12,18)39(37,44)22(16,27)
年龄
18~40岁48(25.8)21(18,22)48(39,50)23(19,28)
41~60岁98(52.7)15(12,17)39(37,42)20(16,24)H=58.5060.001H=26.400<0.001H=9.2170.010
≥61岁40(21.5)13(9,15)39(37,42)18(15,27)
文化程度
初中及以下93(50.0)13(10,15)38(36,41)19(15,24)H=84.026<0.001H=51.163<0.001H=14.5330.002
高中或中专57(30.7)16(14,18)40(37,44)20(16,27)
大专14(7.5)21(17,22)47(37,51)23(19,27)
本科及以上22(11.8)23(21,23)50(48,54)24(21,28)
家庭人均月收入/元
<3 00080(43.0)13(10,15)38(36,41)20(15,24)H=51.241<0.001H=28.403<0.001H=5.5430.063
3 000~6 00098(52.7)17(14,21)41(38,48)21(16,26)
>6 0008(4.3)22(20,23)48(44,50)27(22,28)
是否存在合并症
是91(48.9)14(12,17)38(37,43)20(15,27)Z=-2.8080.005Z=-3.1600.002Z=-0.2870.774
否95(51.1)17(12,20)41(38,47)21(16,24)
伤口类型
压力性损伤4(2.2)12(9,19)40(38,46)13(12,27)H=7.0070.220H=7.0000.221H=14.4580.013
糖尿病足溃疡12(6.5)13(10,18)37(36,42)17(12,22)
下肢血管溃疡13(7.0)15(11,16)38(37,43)27(21,30)
烧创伤残余伤口113(60.6)15(12,20)40(38,45)21(16,24)
术后未愈合伤口26(14.0)16(14,19)39(37,48)21(16,27)
其他类型伤口18(9.7)15(12,19)38(35,46)22(17,28)
伤口部位
头面颈13(7.0)15(10,18)37(35,43)23(14,29)H=17.3700.002H=7.7850.100H=5.5800.233
上肢23(12.4)16(13,21)40(38,49)20(16,20)
躯干24(12.9)20(15,22)44(37,50)23(19,28)
会阴及臀部9(4.8)12(10,20)39(36,47)14(13,25)
下肢117(62.9)14(12,18)40(37,43)21(16,26)
), ArticleFig(id=1322218668172362162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目与类别构成比(%)知识总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
态度总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
行为总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
检验统计量值1P1值检验统计量值2P2值检验统计量值3P3值
伤口愈合阶段
炎症反应期57(30.6)14(12,17)38(37,43)21(15,27)H=3.5510.169H=4.6350.099H=1.8310.400
肉芽生长期124(66.7)15(12,20)41(37,45)21(16,26)
上皮爬行期5(2.7)18(14,21)40(37,49)16(15,21)
伤口持续时间
1~3月81(43.6)15(12,19)40(37,44)21(16,24)H=0.0330.984H=0.6270.731H=5.3570.069
4~12月59(31.7)15(13,18)40(37,44)23(17,27)
>12月46(24.7)15(10,21)42(37,48)19(14,27)
伤口疼痛持续类型
持续性疼痛74(39.8)15(12,18)39(36,44)24(16,28)Z=-0.8970.370Z=-2.1510.031Z=-3.739<0.001
间歇性疼痛112(60.2)15(12,20)40(37,46)19(15,23)
伤口基础性疼痛程度
轻度疼痛132(71.0)15(12,20)41(37,45)20(15,24)H=1.6870.430H=16.563<0.001H=14.8760.001
中度疼痛46(24.7)15(12,17)38(35,41)23(18,28)
重度疼痛8(4.3)14(11,18)37(35,38)30(18,33)
), ArticleFig(id=1322218668231082419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=CN, label=续表3, caption=

慢性伤口患者疼痛现状各维度得分情况 (n=186)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目与类别构成比(%)知识总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
态度总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
行为总得分
[分,M
(P25,P75)]
检验统计量值1P1值检验统计量值2P2值检验统计量值3P3值
伤口愈合阶段
炎症反应期57(30.6)14(12,17)38(37,43)21(15,27)H=3.5510.169H=4.6350.099H=1.8310.400
肉芽生长期124(66.7)15(12,20)41(37,45)21(16,26)
上皮爬行期5(2.7)18(14,21)40(37,49)16(15,21)
伤口持续时间
1~3月81(43.6)15(12,19)40(37,44)21(16,24)H=0.0330.984H=0.6270.731H=5.3570.069
4~12月59(31.7)15(13,18)40(37,44)23(17,27)
>12月46(24.7)15(10,21)42(37,48)19(14,27)
伤口疼痛持续类型
持续性疼痛74(39.8)15(12,18)39(36,44)24(16,28)Z=-0.8970.370Z=-2.1510.031Z=-3.739<0.001
间歇性疼痛112(60.2)15(12,20)40(37,46)19(15,23)
伤口基础性疼痛程度
轻度疼痛132(71.0)15(12,20)41(37,45)20(15,24)H=1.6870.430H=16.563<0.001H=14.8760.001
中度疼痛46(24.7)15(12,17)38(35,41)23(18,28)
重度疼痛8(4.3)14(11,18)37(35,38)30(18,33)
), ArticleFig(id=1322218668310774196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量赋值
年龄/岁18~40=1;41~60=2;≥ 61=3
文化程度初中及以下=1;高中或中专=2;大专=3;本科及以上=4
家庭人均月收入/元<3 000=1;3 000~6 000=2;>6 000=3
是否存在合并症是=1;否=2
伤口类型压力性损伤=1;糖尿病足溃疡=2;下肢血管性溃疡=3;烧创伤残余伤口=4;术后未愈伤口=5;其他类型伤口=6
伤口部位头面颈=1;上肢=2;躯干=3;会阴及臀部=4;下肢=5
伤口疼痛持续类型持续性疼痛=1;间歇性疼痛=2
伤口基础性疼痛程度轻度疼痛=1;中度疼痛=2;重度疼痛=3
), ArticleFig(id=1322218668390465973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

自变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量赋值
年龄/岁18~40=1;41~60=2;≥ 61=3
文化程度初中及以下=1;高中或中专=2;大专=3;本科及以上=4
家庭人均月收入/元<3 000=1;3 000~6 000=2;>6 000=3
是否存在合并症是=1;否=2
伤口类型压力性损伤=1;糖尿病足溃疡=2;下肢血管性溃疡=3;烧创伤残余伤口=4;术后未愈伤口=5;其他类型伤口=6
伤口部位头面颈=1;上肢=2;躯干=3;会阴及臀部=4;下肢=5
伤口疼痛持续类型持续性疼痛=1;间歇性疼痛=2
伤口基础性疼痛程度轻度疼痛=1;中度疼痛=2;重度疼痛=3
), ArticleFig(id=1322218668461769142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量标准化回归系数标准误95%置信区间wald χ2值P值
疼痛知识年龄-1.6250.436 0-0.770~-2.47913.887<0.001
文化程度2.0710.326 41.431~2.71140.256<0.001
家庭人均月收入1.2090.535 30.160~2.2585.1000.024
是否存在合并症0.6380.488 2-0.319~1.5951.7090.191
伤口部位0.1950.183 6-0.165~0.5541.1230.289
疼痛态度年龄-0.3760.602 8-1.557~0.8060.3890.533
文化程度3.0360.454 02.146~3.92644.724<0.001
家庭人均月收入-0.0080.756 5-1.491~1.475<0.0010.991
是否存在合并症0.7570.714 3-0.642~2.1571.1250.289
伤口疼痛持续类型-0.1930.777 9-1.717~1.3320.0610.804
伤口基础性疼痛程度-2.2110.692 5-3.568~-0.85410.1930.001
疼痛应对行为年龄-0.8670.609 6-2.062~0.3282.0230.155
文化程度1.0010.412 10.194~1.8095.9040.015
伤口类型0.1000.344 2-0.575~0.7750.0850.771
伤口疼痛持续类型-1.6940.800 0-3.262~-0.1264.4810.034
伤口基础性疼痛程度1.3130.728 0-0.114~2.7403.2540.071
), ArticleFig(id=1322218668533072311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218662002540927, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

慢性伤口患者疼痛现状各维度的广义线性模型分析 (n=186)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量标准化回归系数标准误95%置信区间wald χ2值P值
疼痛知识年龄-1.6250.436 0-0.770~-2.47913.887<0.001
文化程度2.0710.326 41.431~2.71140.256<0.001
家庭人均月收入1.2090.535 30.160~2.2585.1000.024
是否存在合并症0.6380.488 2-0.319~1.5951.7090.191
伤口部位0.1950.183 6-0.165~0.5541.1230.289
疼痛态度年龄-0.3760.602 8-1.557~0.8060.3890.533
文化程度3.0360.454 02.146~3.92644.724<0.001
家庭人均月收入-0.0080.756 5-1.491~1.475<0.0010.991
是否存在合并症0.7570.714 3-0.642~2.1571.1250.289
伤口疼痛持续类型-0.1930.777 9-1.717~1.3320.0610.804
伤口基础性疼痛程度-2.2110.692 5-3.568~-0.85410.1930.001
疼痛应对行为年龄-0.8670.609 6-2.062~0.3282.0230.155
文化程度1.0010.412 10.194~1.8095.9040.015
伤口类型0.1000.344 2-0.575~0.7750.0850.771
伤口疼痛持续类型-1.6940.800 0-3.262~-0.1264.4810.034
伤口基础性疼痛程度1.3130.728 0-0.114~2.7403.2540.071
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慢性伤口患者疼痛现状调查及影响因素分析
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傅聪颖 1 , 黎宁 2 , 李茂君 2 , 李海胜 2 , 王丽华 3
陆军军医大学学报 | 临床医学 2025,47(10): 1126-1134
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陆军军医大学学报 |临床医学 2025 , 47 (10) : 1126 -1134
慢性伤口患者疼痛现状调查及影响因素分析
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傅聪颖1, 黎宁2, 李茂君2, 李海胜2, 王丽华3
作者信息
  • 1贵州中医药大学护理学院,贵阳
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院烧伤科,创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室
  • 3院办公室,重庆
通讯作者:
王丽华,E-mail:
WANG Lihua,E-mail:
Current status of pain and its influencing factors in patients with chronic wounds: a cross-sectional survey
Congying FU1, Ning LI2, Maojun LI2, Haisheng LI2, Lihua WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang,Guizhou
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning,Institute of Burn Research
  • 3Hospital Administration Office,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-05-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202501045
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‍

目的

调查慢性伤口患者的疼痛现状及影响因素。

方法

采用便利抽样法,2024年1-8月,选取重庆市某三级甲等医院186名慢性伤口患者,使用一般资料调查表、数字评定量表、慢性伤口患者疼痛现状调查问卷进行问卷调查。

结果

186名慢性伤口患者的疼痛知识维度得分为15(12,19)分,疼痛态度维度得分为40(37,45)分,疼痛应对行为维度得分为21(16,26)分。广义线性模型显示,年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入是患者疼痛知识的独立影响因素(标准化回归系数分别为-1.625、2.071、1.209,95%置信区间分别为-0.770~-2.479、1.431~2.711、0.160~2.258,P<0.05),文化程度、基础性疼痛程度是患者疼痛态度的独立影响因素(标准化回归系数分别为3.036、-2.211,95%置信区间分别为2.146~3.926、-3.568~-0.854,P<0.05),文化程度、伤口疼痛持续类型是患者疼痛应对行为的独立影响因素(标准化回归系数分别为1.001、-1.694,95%置信区间分别为0.194~1.809、-3.262~-0.126,P<0.05)。

结论

慢性伤口患者在疼痛知识、态度与应对行为方面整体水平偏低。年龄、家庭人均月收入、文化程度以及自身疼痛特征等因素对患者的疼痛现状具有显著影响。文化程度通过影响患者的疼痛知识获取、疼痛态度形成以及疼痛行为的实施,成为影响慢性伤口患者疼痛的重要因素。

慢性伤口  /  疼痛  /  现状调查  /  影响因素分析
‍Objective

‍To investigate the status of pain and influencing factors of patients with chronic wounds.

Methods‍

A convenience sampling was used to recruit 186 patients with chronic wounds from a tertiary hospital in Chongqing between January and August 2024. General information questionnaire, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and Chronic Wound Pain Status Questionnaire were used to collect data.

Results‍

The 186 patients had a median score for pain knowledge of 15 (12, 19), for pain attitude of 40 (37, 45), and for coping behaviors of 21 (16, 26). Generalized linear model analysis showed that age, education level, and per capita monthly household income were independent factors influencing pain knowledge (standardized regression coefficients: -1.625, 2.071, 1.209; 95%CI: -2.479~-0.770, 1.431~2.711, 0.160~2.258, respectively; P<0.05). Education level and baseline pain intensity were independent factors influencing pain attitude (standardized regression coefficients: 3.036, -2.211; 95%CI: 2.146~3.926, -3.568~-0.854; P<0.05). Education level and type of pain persistence were independent factors influencing coping behaviors to pain (standardized regression coefficients: 1.001, -1.694; 95%CI: 0.194~1.809, -3.262~-0.126; P<0.05).

Conclusion

Patients with chronic wounds have generally low levels of pain-related knowledge, attitudes, and coping behaviors. Age, per capita monthly household income, education level, and pain characteristics significantly influence their pain status. Education level plays a key role in influencing pain among patients with chronic wounds by shaping their access to pain-related knowledge, development of their attitudes toward pain, and execution of pain management behaviors.

chronic wounds  /  pain  /  current status survey  /  influencing factors analysis
傅聪颖, 黎宁, 李茂君, 李海胜, 王丽华. 慢性伤口患者疼痛现状调查及影响因素分析. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (10) : 1126 -1134 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202501045
Congying FU, Ning LI, Maojun LI, Haisheng LI, Lihua WANG. Current status of pain and its influencing factors in patients with chronic wounds: a cross-sectional survey[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (10) : 1126 -1134 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202501045
慢性伤口因其愈合过程缓慢、复发率高以及感染风险大,已成为医学领域亟待解决的重要问题。随着人口老龄化、肥胖、糖尿病及自身免疫性疾病等人数不断增加,慢性伤口的发生率持续上升,逐渐对生命健康构成威胁,并带来显著的经济与社会负担[1,2]。疼痛作为慢性伤口患者最常见的症状之一,严重影响患者生活质量[3],长期的伤口疼痛不仅可导致患者的睡眠质量下降、身体免疫力减弱,还可能增加跌倒等意外事件的发生率[4-5]。此外,持续的疼痛还会影响患者心理健康,诱发焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪,若未得到及时干预,甚至可能引发认知功能障碍及药物滥用[6-7]。
因此,了解慢性伤口患者的疼痛现状尤为重要。研究表明,慢性伤口患者疼痛受多种因素影响,包括生理因素(如炎症程度、组织修复状态)、心理因素(如焦虑、抑郁)及社会支持等[6,8-9]。然而,针对患者个体化差异的研究仍较为有限。目前慢性伤口疼痛相关研究多聚焦于医护人员视角,侧重疼痛评估方法、干预策略及伤口处理技术[9-11]。而关于患者自身在疼痛管理中的参与,如疼痛知识、态度及应对行为的研究仍较少。现有研究在一定程度上忽视了患者在疼痛管理中的主动性与参与度。事实上,患者若缺乏疼痛认知、态度消极或行为依从性差,往往会影响治疗效果,延缓康复进程[12]。知识、信念与态度是促使患者理解健康问题并采取有效行为决策的重要基础[13]。综上所述,本研究旨在调查慢性伤口患者的疼痛现状,并探讨其影响因素,以期为制定更加精准的健康教育与干预措施提供依据。
2024年1-8月,采用便利抽样法选取重庆市某三级甲等医院慢性伤口患者为研究对象进行横断面调查。纳入标准:①年龄≥18周岁;②伤口愈合时间≥1个月;③意识清楚、有阅读能力和言语表达能力,与调查人员沟通无障碍;④经调查人员说明研究目的后自愿参与调查研究;⑤患者基础性疼痛程度评分≥1分。排除标准:①合并伴有心、脑、肺等严重疾病者;②无法正确理解和表达者。样本量计算:根据样本量至少为问卷条目5倍的原则估算样本量[14]。本研究使用的疼痛现状调查问卷共33个条目,考虑10%的无效问卷数量。本研究至少需纳入182例患者。本研究通过陆军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会审批(KY2023190),均获取患者的知情同意。
通过查阅文献并咨询专家,制定一般资料调查表,包括:① 社会人口学资料,包括年龄、性别、文化程度、家庭人均月收入等。②疾病相关资料,包括是否存在合并症、伤口类型、伤口部位、伤口愈合阶段、伤口持续时间、伤口疼痛持续类型、基础性疼痛程度等。
使用数字评定量表(numeric rating scale,NRS)对患者基础性疼痛程度进行量化评估,让患者从0(无痛)到10(最严重的疼痛)进行数字化自我评分[15]。患者需从4种类别,共11种评分(0~10)中选择:即无疼痛(0)、轻度疼痛(1~3)、中度疼痛(4~6)、重度疼痛(7~10),以评估自身基础性疼痛程度。
研究团队通过查阅文献、患者访谈,专家咨询自行设计疼痛现状调查问卷,包括3个维度共33个条目。疼痛知识维度包含12个条目,评估患者对疼痛相关知识的掌握情况,包括疼痛对健康的影响、疼痛的管理方法、疼痛的预防与控制等。所有题目采用单选题形式,“是”得2分,“不清楚”得1分,“否”得0分,总分0~24分,得分越高表明患者知识水平越高。疼痛态度维度包含12个条目,评估患者对伤口疼痛的态度,包括对疼痛控制的信心、对疼痛管理的重要程度、对镇痛药物态度等。所有题目采用Likert5级评分(1=非常不同意,5=非常同意)进行计分,从“非常不同意”到“非常同意”依次赋1~5分,总分12~60分,得分越高代表态度越积极。疼痛应对行为维度包含9个条目,评估患者在疼痛中的实际行为,包括疼痛时用药依从性、是否寻求医疗帮助、是否进行自我疼痛管理等。其中1题为多选题,以调查患者伤口疼痛时的实际应对行为,不计分;8题采用Likert5级评分(1=从未如此,5=总是如此),从“从未如此”到“总是如此”依次赋1~5分,总分8~40分,总得分越高,说明患者疼痛行为依从性越佳。经8名专家评定,平均内容效度指数(S-CVI)为0.906,条目水平内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.875~1.000。对30例慢性伤口患者进行预调查,问卷中知识、态度、行为的Cronbach's α系数分别是0.882、0.841、0.884,显示问卷具有较好的信效度。参照国内相关研究划分标准,各维度得分达到其总分的80%以上,判定其具备较好水平,60%~80%为中等水平,小于60%为较差水平[16,17]。
本研究调查小组由2名国际造口伤口治疗师、2名伤口护理专科护士和1名护理研究生组成,均经过统一培训。调查人员于换药前30 min向患者解释研究目的,征得患者同意后签署知情同意书,指导患者掌握NRS评分方法;换药后2 h内,通过面对面的形式发放一般资料调查表与疼痛现状调查问卷,使用统一用语指导患者填写。对于年纪较大或文化程度较低的患者,调查人员将在保证患者理解题目的前提下,帮助其填写问卷。数据收集时间为30 min,完成后由调查人员对问卷进行评估审核,对遗漏项第一时间向患者询问补充,并在记录后再次审核以确保信息完整。采取双人录入与数据校对方式将数据录入Excel表中。共发放问卷200份,回收有效问卷186份,有效回收率93%。
使用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。计数资料以频数和百分比表示;计量资料数据均不符合正态分布,以M(P25,P75)表示。将患者按照一般资料进行分类,统计疼痛现状各维度总得分,对数据行Kruskal-Wallis H检验、Mann-Whitney U检验。选取单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的指标作为自变量,以慢性伤口患者疼痛现状各维度总得分为因变量建立广义线性模型,筛选慢性伤口患者疼痛现状各维度总得分的独立影响因素。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
186名患者的年龄为54(39,59)岁,男性116例(62.4%),女性70例(37.6%)。详见表1。
慢性伤口患者疼痛知识维度得分为15(12,19)分,疼痛态度维度得分为40(37,45)分,疼痛应对行为维度得分为21(16,26)分。详见表2。
不同年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、是否存在合并症、伤口部位的慢性伤口患者疼痛知识总得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、是否存在合并症、伤口疼痛持续类型、基础性疼痛程度的慢性伤口患者疼痛态度总得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄、文化程度、伤口分型、伤口疼痛持续类型、基础性疼痛程度的慢性伤口患者疼痛应对行为总得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
将单因素分析中差异具有统计学意义的指标作为自变量,并进行赋值,见表4。以患者疼痛知识得分、疼痛态度得分、疼痛应对行为得分为因变量建立广义线性模型。结果显示:年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入是患者疼痛知识的独立影响因素(P<0.05),文化程度、基础性疼痛程度是患者疼痛态度的独立影响因素(P<0.05),文化程度、伤口疼痛持续类型是患者疼痛行为的独立影响因素(P<0.05),见表5。
本研究结果显示,36.1%的患者疼痛知识处于较低水平,68.3%的患者疼痛态度处于中等水平,68.3%的患者疼痛应对行为处于较低水平,整体水平偏低,与SHANGGUAN等[18]对癌痛患者的研究结果一致。分析原因可能在于,癌痛和慢性伤口疼痛均为长期、反复的慢性疼痛,两者在疼痛频率上具有共性特征。患者在长期疼痛中可能逐渐形成“适应”甚至“忽视”的心态,降低了主动获取知识、保持积极态度和采取有效行为的意愿。在知识维度,超过1/3的患者未能认识到疼痛对伤口转归的影响,疼痛知识的缺乏可能是影响其疼痛应对行为的重要原因。而在态度维度,长期疼痛引发的负面情绪使患者态度趋于消极,进一步降低疼痛应对行为依从性。
本研究结果显示,年龄与疼痛知识得分呈负相关,年轻患者普遍具备较高的知识水平,这与何汶霞等[19]研究的结果一致。年轻患者通常面临疼痛时有较强的应激反应,并具备较强的主动学习能力,倾向于通过多渠道获取缓解疼痛的信息。而老年患者往往因神经系统退化,疼痛敏感度降低,习惯于忍耐疼痛,采取被动应对策略[20]。此外,家庭人均月收入与疼痛知识得分呈正相关,高收入患者的疼痛知识水平更佳。ZHANG等[21]研究指出,高收入人群更易接触到专业的医疗信息和疼痛管理指导,从而提升其对疼痛的认知和应对能力。相比之下,低收入群体由于经济压力限制了对医疗资源的获取,且在健康行为决策中更注重短期效益,忽视了长期的健康管理[22]。因此,慢性伤口患者的疼痛知识水平受年龄和家庭人均月收入的双重影响。提示医护人员在开展健康教育时,应重点关注老年患者和低收入群体。可通过简化健康教育内容以及优化宣教形式(如视频教学、情景演示等),提升该患者群体的疼痛知识及健康素养水平,进一步增强患者的疼痛自我管理能力。
本研究结果显示,基础性疼痛程度与疼痛态度得分呈负相关。轻度疼痛患者更倾向于保持较积极的态度并主动寻求缓解措施。相反,中重度疼痛患者常表现出消极的态度,这一发现与ANDERSON等[23]的研究结果一致。该现象可能与疼痛导致的“习得性无助”密切相关,即疼痛程度较重的患者易产生对疼痛控制的无力感,从而形成一种“无法改变”的消极认知,导致其减少主动寻求治疗的意愿[24]。因此,医护人员应重点关注基础性疼痛程度较重的患者,通过心理疏导、疼痛教育和规范化治疗等多维度干预,帮助患者树立积极的疼痛应对态度。同时,针对该类患者,应优先采取药物镇痛或物理治疗等措施,以减轻其疼痛负担,逐步转变消极的疼痛态度,进而提高患者治疗依从性。
本研究结果显示,持续性疼痛患者表现出更为主动的应对行为,而间歇性疼痛患者由于疼痛发生的不规律性和短暂性,对疼痛的重视程度较低,在疼痛缓解后忽视了后续管理。LANDMARK等[25]研究发现,持续性疼痛患者常伴有心理压力,该类患者会对疼痛产生恐惧和担忧,迫使其主动寻求疼痛缓解方法,这与本研究结果一致。持续性疼痛的长期存在可能引起血清素、多巴胺等神经递质水平变化,使患者更易出现焦虑、抑郁等情绪[26]。负面情绪通过中枢敏化作用加重疼痛感知,迫使患者采取频繁的疼痛就医行为[27]。因此,对于持续性疼痛患者,医护人员应定期评估患者的心理状态,正确引导患者,避免频繁就医或过度依赖药物,而间歇性疼痛患者引导其采取科学的应对措施,如定期复诊、合理用药等。促进伤口愈合和减轻疼痛,优化管理效果。
本研究结果显示,文化程度为影响慢性伤口患者疼痛知识、态度及行为的关键因素。文化程度较高的患者在疼痛知识、态度和行为上的得分普遍更高,与FU等[28]研究的结果一致。文化程度较高的患者通常具备更强的健康素养和信息获取能力,能够通过医疗咨询、网络搜索等途径主动获取疼痛管理知识,形成科学的疼痛认知框架[29]。教育水平的提升能够促进患者对疼痛的正确认知,减少“忍痛是常态”“镇痛药成瘾”等错误观念,转而认同疼痛可控性及规范治疗的必要性,进而形成积极态度[30]。因此,文化程度较高患者更易将知识储备转化为规范化的疼痛管理行为,并通过疼痛缓解获得正向反馈,进一步巩固“知识-态度-行为”的良性循环。然而,文化程度较低的患者由于知识匮乏,往往采取被动忍痛或错误用药等不良行为,导致疼痛管理不规范,进一步影响治疗效果[31]。因此,慢性伤口患者的疼痛管理应充分考虑文化程度的差异,采取通过优化健康教育内容、简化健康信息表达以促进患者形成科学认知,转变消极态度,提高应对行为依从性,改善患者的疼痛管理水平。
综上所述,慢性伤口患者存在疼痛知识匮乏、疼痛态度中等、疼痛应对行为依从性差的问题,整体水平偏低。其相关影响因素包括年龄、社会经济水平、文化程度及自身疼痛特征。文化程度通过影响患者的疼痛知识获取、疼痛态度形成以及疼痛应对行为的实施,成为贯穿疼痛管理全过程的重要因素。慢性伤口患者疼痛不仅涉及个人生理层面,还与家庭社会支持系统、医疗资源可获得性紧密相关。因此,未来应构建多层次支持体系,通过院内健康宣教、社区随访和远程医疗手段,提高患者的疼痛知识水平和应对能力。同时,应强化家庭支持,鼓励家属积极参与患者的疼痛管理,进而提高患者的治疗依从性。最后,还应根据患者的个体特征制定疼痛干预方案,以提升疼痛管理效果,改善患者的生活质量。本研究局限性为样本来源于同一医院,因此,未来应扩大样本量及调查范围,开展多中心调查,以更加全面地分析慢性伤口患者疼痛现状及其影响因素。

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2025年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202501045
  • 接收时间:2025-01-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-05-30
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-15
  • 修回日期:2025-04-14
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    1贵州中医药大学护理学院,贵阳
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院烧伤科,创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室
    3院办公室,重庆

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王丽华,E-mail:
WANG Lihua,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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