Article(id=1322934755389485818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934685818564977, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412145, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735488000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-30, revisedDate=1740067200000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341824624, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341824624, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341824624, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341824624, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934685818564977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='489', pageEnd='628', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1743264000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341808037, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341808037, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=571, endPage=580, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934755603395323, articleId=1322934755389485818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Association between gene expression profile of cervical exfoliated cells and endometrial receptivity in artificial cycles, columnId=1320435174995772212, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Clinical Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To investigate the gene expression profile of cervical exfoliated cells from woman treated by artificial cycle, and their potential association with endometrial receptivity in order to screen specific biomarkers closely related to the receptivity.

Methods‍

A total of 19 female patients were enrolled from those preparing for frozen embryo transfer (FET) at the Reproductive Center of First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from February 2024 to October 2024. Under the artificial cycle frozen embryo transfer protocol, the endometrial tissues were collected on the 4th day after progesterone administration (P+4) to verify their endometrial receptivity status. Additionally, cervical exfoliated cells were collected on the 4th day (P+4) and the 6th day (P+6) after progesterone administration. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to detect gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the criteria of |log2fold change| >1 and a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05, followed by bioinformatics analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed using R software (4.4.1) and analyzed with gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses. The candidate genes were identified based on the PPI network using Cytoscape software. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to validate the target candidate genes both in vitro and in vivo.

Results‍

The rsERT confirmed that all 19 women were in state of endometrial receptivity at P+6. RNA-Seq identified 3 458 DEGs in cervical exfoliated cells between P+4 and P+6. The up-regulated DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways associated with immune response and cell differentiation, and the down-regulated ones were mainly enriched in the pathways associated with lipid metabolism and cell proliferation. Using maximal clique Centrality (MCC) algorithm in the PPI network, the top 20 genes were selected. Among them, 6 genes, such as IFIT2, OASL, MX1,RSAD2,IFIT1 and IFIT3, tied for the first place, and the 6 genes all belong to interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). qRT-PCR indicated that the above 6 genes showed significantly higher expression levels in the cervical exfoliated cells at the P+4 stage than the cells at the P+6 stage (P<0.05).

Conclusion‍

There are changes in the expression levels of the genes related to immunity and cytoskeleton remodeling in cervical exfoliated cells during the endometrial receptivity phase. The decrease in the expression of ISGs may serve as a potential biomarker for endometrial receptivity.

, authors=Tongkun YANG1, 2, Hongmei PENG2, Yizhuo YANG2, Yuan GAO3, Sha MU2, Mingli DONG3, Jialin LIU2, authorsList=Tongkun YANG, Hongmei PENG, Yizhuo YANG, Yuan GAO, Sha MU, Mingli DONG, Jialin LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongmei PENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934758908506888, articleId=1322934755389485818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=人工周期下宫颈脱落细胞基因表达特征与子宫内膜容受性的关联, columnId=1322185541475488183, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=临床医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨人工周期条件下宫颈脱落细胞基因表达特征与子宫内膜容受性的潜在关联,以筛选与子宫内膜容受期相关的特异性生物标志物。

方法

2024年2-10月在解放军总医院第一医学中心生殖中心就诊的准备进行冻融胚胎移植(frozen embryo transfer,FET)的患者中,选取19名患者,根据人工周期冻融胚胎移植方案,在其孕酮使用后第4天(P+4),收集子宫内膜组织验证其子宫内膜容受状态,并在其孕酮使用后第4天(P+4)和第6天(P+6)收集宫颈脱落细胞,利用转录组测序(RNA sequencing,RNA-Seq)检测基因表达情况。将错误发现率阈值(false discovery rate,FDR)小于0.05,Log2差异倍数(fold change,FC)的绝对值大于1作为筛选标准获取差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)并进行生物信息学分析。使用R软件(4.4.1版本)对DEGs进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)分析,以及蛋白质-蛋白质互作网络(protein-protein interaction,PPI)的构建,再利用Cytoscape软件找寻候选基因。利用定量反转录PCR(quantitative reverse transcription PCR,RT-qPCR)在体内外水平对目标候选基因进行验证。

结果

子宫内膜容受性测试显示,19例子宫内膜样本在P+6时均达到容受期状态。RNA测序检测分析后,共筛选出3 458个DEGs;生信分析结果显示,上调表达的基因与免疫应答、细胞分化通路相关,下调表达的基因与脂质代谢、细胞增殖等相关。利用PPI网络中最大团中心性(maximal clique centrality,MCC)算法选取前20的基因,其中IFIT2、OASL、MX1、RSAD2、IFIT1、IFIT3 6个基因排并列第一,且这6个基因均属于干扰素刺激基因(interferon-stimulated genes,ISGs)。经实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应验证,相较于P+6阶段的宫颈脱落细胞,P+4 阶段的上述6个基因呈现出更高的表达水平(P<0.05)。

结论

容受期宫颈脱落细胞的免疫和细胞骨架重塑相关基因表达发生变化,ISGs表达的降低可能作为子宫内膜容受性的潜在生物标志物。

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彭红梅,E-mail:
PENG Hongmei,E-mail:
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Mechanism of endometrial decidualization during pregnancy[J]. 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A.DEGs的火山图;B.DEGs的PCA聚类分析图

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A:上调表达基因基于GO富集分析的显著通路气泡图; B:上调表达基因基于KEGG富集分析的显著通路气泡图

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A:下调表达基因基于GO富集分析的显著通路气泡图; B:下调表达基因基于KEGG富集分析的显著通路气泡图

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A:MCC算法前20基因簇;B:6个并列排名第一的基因

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A.候选基因RNA-seq表达情况; B.RT-qPCR验证结果 a:P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=qtNAbbEUx79CisMid8ZqDg==, figureFileBig=moxnBs+h4TLhNmCJDnemFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934767150314314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934755389485818, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称引物序列(5′→3′)
IFIT1正义:CGATCTCTGCCTATCGCCTG
反义:TGGATTTAAGCGGACAGCCT
IFIT2正义:AGAGCGAAGGTGTGCTTTGA
反义:AGGGTCAATGGCGTTCTGAG
IFIT3正义:GGGCAGACTCTCAGATGCTC
反义:GTGTCCACCCTTCCTCACAG
MX1正义:ACCTCGTGTTCCACCTGAAG
反义:TTCCTCCAGCAGATCCCTGA
OASL正义:CTGAGGCAGGAGCATTTCCA
反义:TCCTGAGAACCGTGCCATTC
RSAD正义:CTGAGGAGGTGGTGTAGGGA
反义:TTCCAGCGGACAGGGTTTAG
), ArticleFig(id=1322934767230006091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934755389485818, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物名称及其序列

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基因名称引物序列(5′→3′)
IFIT1正义:CGATCTCTGCCTATCGCCTG
反义:TGGATTTAAGCGGACAGCCT
IFIT2正义:AGAGCGAAGGTGTGCTTTGA
反义:AGGGTCAATGGCGTTCTGAG
IFIT3正义:GGGCAGACTCTCAGATGCTC
反义:GTGTCCACCCTTCCTCACAG
MX1正义:ACCTCGTGTTCCACCTGAAG
反义:TTCCTCCAGCAGATCCCTGA
OASL正义:CTGAGGCAGGAGCATTTCCA
反义:TCCTGAGAACCGTGCCATTC
RSAD正义:CTGAGGAGGTGGTGTAGGGA
反义:TTCCAGCGGACAGGGTTTAG
), ArticleFig(id=1322934767292920652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934755389485818, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
患者编号采样时间间隔容受状态预测移植窗口期
1146容受期148±1
2145容受期138±3
3144容受期142±3
4145容受期147±5
5146容受期150±3
6144容受期161±2
7142容受期143±3
8144容受期155±8
9143容受期147±3
10143容受期151±3
11145容受期153±2
12144容受期146±3
13143容受期147±3
14145容受期155±2
15144容受期161±3
16144容受期154±3
17142容受期144±5
18142容受期147±6
19143容受期141±3
), ArticleFig(id=1322934767364223821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934755389485818, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

受检者子宫内膜容受性检测(rsERT)窗口期结果 (h)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
患者编号采样时间间隔容受状态预测移植窗口期
1146容受期148±1
2145容受期138±3
3144容受期142±3
4145容受期147±5
5146容受期150±3
6144容受期161±2
7142容受期143±3
8144容受期155±8
9143容受期147±3
10143容受期151±3
11145容受期153±2
12144容受期146±3
13143容受期147±3
14145容受期155±2
15144容受期161±3
16144容受期154±3
17142容受期144±5
18142容受期147±6
19143容受期141±3
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人工周期下宫颈脱落细胞基因表达特征与子宫内膜容受性的关联
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杨童焜 1, 2 , 彭红梅 2 , 杨怡卓 2 , 高原 3 , 穆莎 2 , 董明理 3 , 刘佳林 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 临床医学 2025,47(6): 571-580
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陆军军医大学学报 |临床医学 2025 , 47 (6) : 571 -580
人工周期下宫颈脱落细胞基因表达特征与子宫内膜容受性的关联
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杨童焜1, 2, 彭红梅2 , 杨怡卓2, 高原3, 穆莎2, 董明理3, 刘佳林2
作者信息
  • 1解放军医学院,北京
  • 2解放军总医院第一医学中心妇产科,北京
  • 3解放军总医院第七医学中心妇产科,北京
通讯作者:
彭红梅,E-mail:
PENG Hongmei,E-mail:
Association between gene expression profile of cervical exfoliated cells and endometrial receptivity in artificial cycles
Tongkun YANG1, 2, Hongmei PENG2 , Yizhuo YANG2, Yuan GAO3, Sha MU2, Mingli DONG3, Jialin LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1PLA Medical School,Beijing
  • 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,First Medical Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing
  • 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Seventh Medical Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing,China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412145
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目的

探讨人工周期条件下宫颈脱落细胞基因表达特征与子宫内膜容受性的潜在关联,以筛选与子宫内膜容受期相关的特异性生物标志物。

方法

2024年2-10月在解放军总医院第一医学中心生殖中心就诊的准备进行冻融胚胎移植(frozen embryo transfer,FET)的患者中,选取19名患者,根据人工周期冻融胚胎移植方案,在其孕酮使用后第4天(P+4),收集子宫内膜组织验证其子宫内膜容受状态,并在其孕酮使用后第4天(P+4)和第6天(P+6)收集宫颈脱落细胞,利用转录组测序(RNA sequencing,RNA-Seq)检测基因表达情况。将错误发现率阈值(false discovery rate,FDR)小于0.05,Log2差异倍数(fold change,FC)的绝对值大于1作为筛选标准获取差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)并进行生物信息学分析。使用R软件(4.4.1版本)对DEGs进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)分析,以及蛋白质-蛋白质互作网络(protein-protein interaction,PPI)的构建,再利用Cytoscape软件找寻候选基因。利用定量反转录PCR(quantitative reverse transcription PCR,RT-qPCR)在体内外水平对目标候选基因进行验证。

结果

子宫内膜容受性测试显示,19例子宫内膜样本在P+6时均达到容受期状态。RNA测序检测分析后,共筛选出3 458个DEGs;生信分析结果显示,上调表达的基因与免疫应答、细胞分化通路相关,下调表达的基因与脂质代谢、细胞增殖等相关。利用PPI网络中最大团中心性(maximal clique centrality,MCC)算法选取前20的基因,其中IFIT2、OASL、MX1、RSAD2、IFIT1、IFIT3 6个基因排并列第一,且这6个基因均属于干扰素刺激基因(interferon-stimulated genes,ISGs)。经实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应验证,相较于P+6阶段的宫颈脱落细胞,P+4 阶段的上述6个基因呈现出更高的表达水平(P<0.05)。

结论

容受期宫颈脱落细胞的免疫和细胞骨架重塑相关基因表达发生变化,ISGs表达的降低可能作为子宫内膜容受性的潜在生物标志物。

子宫颈脱落细胞  /  子宫内膜容受性  /  转录组测序  /  生物标记物
Objective‍

To investigate the gene expression profile of cervical exfoliated cells from woman treated by artificial cycle, and their potential association with endometrial receptivity in order to screen specific biomarkers closely related to the receptivity.

Methods‍

A total of 19 female patients were enrolled from those preparing for frozen embryo transfer (FET) at the Reproductive Center of First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from February 2024 to October 2024. Under the artificial cycle frozen embryo transfer protocol, the endometrial tissues were collected on the 4th day after progesterone administration (P+4) to verify their endometrial receptivity status. Additionally, cervical exfoliated cells were collected on the 4th day (P+4) and the 6th day (P+6) after progesterone administration. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to detect gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the criteria of |log2fold change| >1 and a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05, followed by bioinformatics analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed using R software (4.4.1) and analyzed with gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses. The candidate genes were identified based on the PPI network using Cytoscape software. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to validate the target candidate genes both in vitro and in vivo.

Results‍

The rsERT confirmed that all 19 women were in state of endometrial receptivity at P+6. RNA-Seq identified 3 458 DEGs in cervical exfoliated cells between P+4 and P+6. The up-regulated DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways associated with immune response and cell differentiation, and the down-regulated ones were mainly enriched in the pathways associated with lipid metabolism and cell proliferation. Using maximal clique Centrality (MCC) algorithm in the PPI network, the top 20 genes were selected. Among them, 6 genes, such as IFIT2, OASL, MX1,RSAD2,IFIT1 and IFIT3, tied for the first place, and the 6 genes all belong to interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). qRT-PCR indicated that the above 6 genes showed significantly higher expression levels in the cervical exfoliated cells at the P+4 stage than the cells at the P+6 stage (P<0.05).

Conclusion‍

There are changes in the expression levels of the genes related to immunity and cytoskeleton remodeling in cervical exfoliated cells during the endometrial receptivity phase. The decrease in the expression of ISGs may serve as a potential biomarker for endometrial receptivity.

cervical exfoliated cells  /  endometrial receptivity  /  RNA-sequencing  /  biomarker
杨童焜, 彭红梅, 杨怡卓, 高原, 穆莎, 董明理, 刘佳林. 人工周期下宫颈脱落细胞基因表达特征与子宫内膜容受性的关联. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (6) : 571 -580 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412145
Tongkun YANG, Hongmei PENG, Yizhuo YANG, Yuan GAO, Sha MU, Mingli DONG, Jialin LIU. Association between gene expression profile of cervical exfoliated cells and endometrial receptivity in artificial cycles[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (6) : 571 -580 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412145
成功的妊娠取决于成功的胚胎着床,需要满足2个条件,即子宫内膜具备接受胚胎的能力,且胚胎功能正常。人的子宫内膜是一个动态组织,在卵巢类固醇激素的作用下每个月进行着周期性变化,但是只有变化到了特定的时间,才能成功接受胚胎,此时子宫内膜处于容受期(endometrial receptivity,ER),而这个“特定的时间”被称为“植入窗”(window of implantation,WOI),通常发生在月经周期的第19~24天,具体而言,在自然周期中发生在促黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)激增后第7天(LH+7),而在人工激素替代周期中一般发生在黄体酮给药后第6天(P+6)[1-5]。传统上,WOI为3~5 d,但最佳窗口可能只持续2 d[6]。目前,约三分之二的着床失败与ER有关。因此,准确地确定最佳WOI值,寻找子宫内膜的容受期,对于改善辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology,ART)妊娠结局至关重要。目前,针对子宫内膜容受状态的大部分研究手段和市场上存在的对于子宫内膜容受状态的检测均需要侵入性地采集子宫内膜样本,除了给受检人员带来不舒适外,还可能带来疼痛、感染等副作用。因此,寻找创伤性更低且更加便捷的评估方法,成为子宫内膜容受性研究领域的重要方向之一。
人工周期(artificial cycle,AC)通过施用外源性雌激素和孕激素来准备子宫内膜。外源性雌激素促进子宫内膜增殖并诱导孕激素受体,而孕激素改变子宫内膜的生理状态,使子宫内膜从增殖期向分泌期转化,从而易于胚胎植入,已被广泛应用于体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET)中。研究表明,相较于经常监测以确定排卵时间的自然周期方案或者类自然周期方案,人工周期解冻胚胎移植方案在移植结局上与其他方案不仅无显著差异,同时因其更高的可控性和便利性而成为临床研究中的重要选择方案[7-8]。
宫颈作为女性生殖系统的“大门”,是一个半开放性的部位,在整个月经周期中也会受到性激素的调控,例如,宫颈黏液的性状变化反映了雌激素和孕激素的作用。同时,已有研究证实,宫颈上皮细胞表达雌激素和孕激素受体[9],提示宫颈组织同样具有性激素依赖性的变化[10-11]。然而,在人工周期条件下,宫颈脱落细胞的动态变化是否与子宫内膜容受状态相关,目前尚缺乏相关研究证明。
本研究拟通过观察人工周期条件下宫颈脱落细胞在子宫内膜容受期的动态变化,分析其与子宫内膜容受性的潜在相关性,进一步筛选与子宫内膜容受期相关的特异性生物标志物,为探索非侵入性子宫内膜评估方法提供新思路。
在2024年2-10月于解放军总医院第一医学中心生殖中心就诊的准备进行冻融胚胎移植的患者中,收集19名女性的子宫内膜和宫颈脱落细胞样本。纳入标准:①性传播疾病筛查结果为阴性;②月经规律(连续6个月内月经周期长度稳定在28~35 d,且相邻月经周期差异不超过7 d);③无免疫性疾病;④无放化疗史。排除标准:①平均体质指数(body mass index,BMI)≥30 kg/m2的肥胖患者;②患有自身免疫性疾病;③既往有化疗史和盆腹腔放疗史;④中度至重度宫腔粘连;⑤子宫内膜薄(在内膜转化日<0.7 cm);⑥不愿意签署知情同意。本研究经解放军总医院医学伦理委员会批准(批准号:伦审第S2023-785-01;批准日期:2023年12月28日)。
19名受检者的BMI为(22.7±2.3)kg/m2,平均年龄为(35.0±3.9)岁。所有受检者使用人工周期解冻胚胎移植方案进行内膜准备:月经第2天经检查无特殊异常后,开始使用戊酸雌二醇片3 mg,2次/日,使用10 d后经阴道超声评估内膜和卵巢情况,当子宫内膜厚度>7 mm且未见优势卵泡后,开始肌肉注射黄体酮注射液40 mg,2次/日,戊酸雌二醇正常服用直到取样结束。在使用黄体酮注射液后第4天(P+4,理论上子宫内膜容受前期)和第6天(P+6,理论上子宫内膜容受期),使用一次性宫颈取样毛刷进行宫颈脱落细胞采样。同时,所有患者在P+6使用一次性宫腔组织抽吸管采集子宫内膜活检样本,进行子宫内膜容受性测序 (RNA-Seq-based endometrial receptivity test,rsERT,中国亿康基因公司),以确认容受状态。记录患者第1针使用黄体酮注射液时间和子宫内膜样本采集时间,用以计算采样时间间隔,以精准计算并预测最佳WOI。子宫内膜和宫颈脱落细胞样本采集后均立即放入样本保存液(中国亿康基因公司)中,在4 ℃下保存至使用。
使用RNeasy Micro试剂盒,根据其说明书提取宫颈脱落细胞总RNA,然后用Qubit HS RNA 试剂盒进行定量分析。RNA LabChip与Agilent 2100生物分析仪用于对提取的总RNA进行完整性和质量控制。RNA完整性数(RIN)>7被认为符合后续测试的条件。
转录组测序(RNA sequencing,RNA-Seq)测序采用 RaPure Total RNA Micro Kit& Dnase试剂盒(广州Magen公司)对子宫内膜进行 RNA提取,提取的 RNA使用 Qubit RNA高灵敏度定量试剂盒(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司)进行定量。用 MALBAC白金微量 RNA扩增试剂盒(中国亿康基因公司)将待测 RNA样本进行反转录成 cDNA,利用DNA纯化浓缩试剂盒(美国Zymo公司)进行 cDNA产物纯化,将纯化产物进行DNA片段化、末端修复、接头连接、产物纯化以及 PCR富集纯化即完成文库构建。将构建好的文库定量,随后测序文库与引物、dNTPs、DNA聚合酶、引物载体构建 PCR反应单元后在Ilumina测序平台完成NGS测序。
采用中国亿康基因公司与中南大学湘雅医院联合开发的rsERT检测子宫内膜容受状态,并预测最佳胚胎移植窗。该检测基于一个包含了12 000余个差异生物标志物基因的计算模型,该模型将子宫内膜容受状态划分为3个阶段:容受前期、容受期及容受后期。通过人工智能技术分析待测子宫内膜样本的基因表达图谱,并将检测的样本归类至上述3个阶段中的某一状态,并结合患者采样时间间隔,精准计算最佳移植窗口期。
数据集纳入了19例患者的共计38个组织样本,其中19个来自使用孕酮后第4天的宫颈脱落细胞样本,19个来自使用孕酮后第6天的宫颈脱落细胞样本。采用“limma”包对2个时期样本进行差异基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)鉴定,错误发现率阈值(false discovery rate,FDR)<0.05,Log2差异倍数(fold change,FC)的绝对值>1[12]。DEGs的火山图由R软件的“ggplot2”软件包绘制。
使用R软件中的“org.Hs.eg.db”、“clusterProfiler”、“enrichment”和“ggplot2”包进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)途径富集分析,定义这些基因之间的潜在功能和途径[13-14]。对这些差异基因的生物过程、分子功能和细胞成分进行了评价。在校正P<0.05的条件下,有显著性结果。如果有20个以上的术语,则将前20个术语可视化。同时利用全基因组进行富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)。
使用R软件中的“org.Hs.eg.db”,“STRINGdb”和“igraph”包进行PPI分析。使用Cytoscape 3.9.0软件的CytoHubba插件筛选核心基因[15]。该插件利用最大团中心性(maximal clique centrality,MCC)、dmnc、MNC、degree、EPC、bottleneck、eccentricity、closeness、radiology、betweness、stress、clustering efficiency等12种算法对基因进行评分,筛选候选基因,并进行作图。
对PPI结果鉴定出的候选基因进行RT-qPCR的验证。使用TRIzol法提取组织及细胞中的总RNA,根据试剂盒说明书将提取的RNA进行反转录产生cDNA。然后,将原液稀释5倍后进行RT-qPCR反应,每组设置3个复孔。运用2-ΔΔCt 计算RNA的相对表达量。引物的序列见表1。
连续变量以x¯±s表示。采用R语言(版本4.4.1)的“limma”包对P+4与P+6阶段的宫颈脱落细胞样本进行差异基因筛选。FDR<0.05,且|Log2FC|>1为显著性阈值。GO和KEGG通路富集分析使用R软件(版本4.4.1)的“clusterProfiler”包完成,校正后P<0.05被认定有意义。全基因组富集分析采用默认参数(|NES|>1,P<0.05)。候选基因表达差异的显著性检验采用配对样本t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
使用rsERT测试来确定受检患者的子宫内膜样本是否与理论上的子宫内膜容受状态相对应,即在P+6时,子宫内膜应处于容受期。结果显示,19个子宫内膜样本均达到预期的阶段。患者采样时间间隔和容受期详细结果见表2。
使用RNA-seq分析了19名女性个体的宫颈脱落细胞。比较了P+4和P+6时间点的基因表达数据,以评估月经周期不同阶段的宫颈脱落细胞之间是否存在一些差异。过滤后共检测到3 458个DEGs,其中P+4较P+6上调2 638个,下调820个(图1A)。其中,差异表达最明显的是LORICRIN,该基因会编码Loricrin蛋白,是表皮分化的重要蛋白质。主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)用于根据月经周期阶段对样本进行聚类,结果展示了P+4和P+6的2组样本在主成分1和主成分2上的分布,2组呈现一定区分趋势(图1B)。
将筛选得到的上调表达的2 638个DEGs进行GO功能富集分析,共筛选出富集最显著的20个GO条目,主要涉及免疫应答和细胞分化(图2A)。KEGG通路富集分析得到前20条通路,包括PPAR信号通路、细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)与受体相互作用通路、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)信号通路、多巴胺能突触通路等(图2B)。而对下调的820个DEGs同样进行GO功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析。GO条目主要涉及分子运输和屏障功能、脂质代谢、细胞增殖等(图3A)。而KEGG分析涉及了8条通路,分别是:胆固醇代谢、氨酰-tRNA 生物合成、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)信号通路、ECM与受体的相互作用、心律失常性右心室心肌病、胞葬作用、黏着斑通路和溶酶体通路(图3B)。
利用全基因组GSEA富集分析,DEGs富集在免疫相关通路、细胞周期相关通路、细胞间交互作用相关通路。其中,黏着斑、ECM与受体交互作用、T细胞受体通路与KEGG分析结果相一致(图4)。
利用R软件对P+4和P+6的比较得出的DEGs进行PPI分析,输出结果在Cytoscape软件中进行分析。使用CytoHubba插件12种算法的相交基因,最终得到2 438个基因。其中按照MCC算法选取了前20个基因,其中6个基因排名并列第一:IFIT2,OASL,MX1,RSAD2,IFIT1,IFIT3(图5)。
测序结果显示,相较于P+6阶段的宫颈脱落细胞,P+4阶段的宫颈脱落细胞中IFIT2、OASL、MX1、RSAD2、IFIT1和IFIT3基因呈现出更高的表达水平(图6A)。为确保这一测序结果的可靠性与准确性,采用qRT-PCR技术进行进一步验证,结果证实,IFIT2、OASL、MX1、RSAD2、IFIT1 和 IFIT3基因在P+4和P+6阶段表达水平存在显著差异(P<0.01,图6B)。
本研究揭示了女性在人工周期条件下宫颈脱落细胞于子宫内膜容受前期(P+4)和容受期(P+6)的基因表达谱变化。通过分析宫颈转录组基因特征,本研究发现,子宫内膜从容受前期向子宫内膜容受期转变时,宫颈脱落细胞转录组的变化主要是集中在代谢、免疫和细胞功能这类信号通路上,为探究子宫内膜容受期相关变化机制提供了新的视角。
对宫颈细胞的转录组研究以前主要集中在卵泡期和分泌期。YILDIZ-ARSLAN等[10]和MUKHOPADHYAY等[11]的研究表明,在分泌期,炎症、血管生成、氧化应激和免疫细胞调节相关的基因表达较卵泡期有增加。本研究的结果验证了宫颈上皮细胞在分泌期的免疫相关活动的活跃性,同时发现,宫颈上皮脱落细胞在子宫内膜容受期(P+6),相较于子宫内膜容受前期(P+4),免疫相关的基因表达下降。而KEGG分析和GSEA分析进一步支持这一观点。
利用 P+6 和 P+4 时期的宫颈脱落细胞的DEGs,构建了PPI网络,并采用MCC对网络进行拓扑分析,评估网络节点的中心性。结果显示,排名最高的6个基因分别为IFIT2、OASL、MX1、RSAD2、IFIT1和IFIT3,均属于典型的干扰素刺激基因(interferon-stimulated genes,ISGs),其表达受到Ⅰ型干扰素(如 IFN-α和IFN-β)的显著诱导[16-17]。且体外实验也已验证候选基因的表达在P+6阶段表达出现降低,这进一步证明了宫颈免疫变化在子宫内膜容受状态转变时的活跃。
既往研究表明,炎症免疫相关的因子在着床期间有着明显的变化,且相较于正常妊娠的健康女性,反复移植失败患者的子宫内膜的免疫系统发生改变,炎症反应激活[18-19]。而在小鼠身上的研究中也同样证明了这一点[20-21]。同时已有研究表明,干扰素诱导基因家族的IFIT1被干扰后抑制肿瘤生长[22]。由此推测,干扰素信号的抑制可能是容受期的特征。这一调控模式与肿瘤微环境中的免疫逃逸机制存在相似性:肿瘤细胞通过抑制干扰素信号逃避免疫监视,而机体可能利用类似策略避免母体免疫系统对胚胎的排斥,有助于胚胎着床。鉴于此,未来可以进一步讨论宫颈脱落细胞的这些基因、通路等的相互作用,揭示它们在宫颈免疫中的具体作用,同时评估其作为子宫内膜容受状态标志的潜力。
免疫有关的变化并非孤立存在。本研究结果显示,P+4较P+6上调基因与免疫应答相关,而下调基因涉及脂质代谢,这提示在这个阶段免疫活动的变化,可能与脂质代谢之间存在复杂的相互作用,而且这些变化可能涉及了PPAR信号通路。免疫细胞的代谢,炎症和免疫反应的启动、调控已经被证明与脂代谢有着密切相关[23-25]。而PPAR通路同免疫和脂代谢也有着亲密的关联,脂质稳态与PPAR之间的关系是密不可分的,脂肪分解是PPAR信号传导的关键,其过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARs)的3种受体类型:α、β/δ和γ都参与了脂代谢[26-28]。目前尚缺乏关于脂代谢在宫颈免疫的作用的研究,未来将通过进一步的研究验证二者的关系,并探究脂代谢异常与宫颈免疫紊乱在生殖相关疾病中的协同作用。
除了免疫和脂代谢方面,本研究结果还展示了DEGs富集在了细胞骨架重塑相关功能上,KEGG和GSEA结果也提示,细胞骨架重塑和焦点黏附等通路的富集,提示着在此阶段细胞骨架动态变化。以往关于子宫内膜容受期的研究表明,与分泌早期相比,分泌中期细胞骨架相关的蛋白在子宫内膜中发生了显著变化,ezrin蛋白质在分泌中期的子宫内膜表达增加,而α-actinin、Talin蛋白质在接受期表达下降[29-30]。这种与细胞骨架的重构有关的蛋白质变化在胚胎植入过程中起到了重要作用[31-32]。这些同子宫内膜窗口期研究结果的重合都进一步展示了宫颈脱落细胞的基因表达特征作为评估子宫内膜容受状态的生物标志物的潜力。
综上所述,本研究通过分析人工周期下女性宫颈脱落细胞在子宫内膜容受前期(P+4)和容受期(P+6)的转录组特征,揭示了免疫活动、脂代谢调控及细胞骨架重塑在子宫内膜容受状态转变中的关键作用。其中干扰素信号的抑制可能是容受期的特征性调控机制。同时,脂代谢相关基因(如PPAR信号通路)的差异表达表明,免疫与代谢活动在此阶段存在协同作用,而细胞骨架重塑相关通路的富集进一步支持了宫颈细胞动态变化对胚胎着床微环境的潜在影响。但文章依旧存在局限性:①首先,研究样本量较小,且仅基于人工周期模型,可能无法完全反映自然生理状态下的复杂性;②功能验证实验(如基因敲除或过表达)的缺乏,导致机制仍停留在相关性推测层面。未来需通过扩大样本量、结合体内外功能实验及多组学联合分析,进一步验证分子互作机制,探究其临床转化潜力。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202412145
  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30
  • 修回日期:2025-02-21
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    1解放军医学院,北京
    2解放军总医院第一医学中心妇产科,北京
    3解放军总医院第七医学中心妇产科,北京

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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