Article(id=1322934833017659764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934685818564977, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411116, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732550400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-26, revisedDate=1734105600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341843132, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1743264000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341843132, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341843132, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341843132, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934685818564977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='489', pageEnd='628', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1743264000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341808037, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341808037, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=489, endPage=497, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934834292728181, articleId=1322934833017659764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Preparation of reactive oxygen species scavenging Ce6-Luminol encapsulated liposomes and their protective effect against radiation pneumonitis in mice, columnId=1320435151990014650, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Military Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To prepare reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging Ce6-Luminol encapsulated liposomes (CLL) and to explore the protective effect of CLL against radiation pneumonitis in mice.

Methods‍

ROS scavenging material Ce6-Luminol was chemically synthesized, and then was encapsulated using liposome technology to prepare ROS scavenging CLL liposomes. A laser particle size analyzer was used to characterize particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of prepared CLL liposomes. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the uptake of CLL by A549 cells, HUVEC and Raw 264.7 cells, respectively, and CCK-8 assay was utilized to evaluate the cell viability after CLL uptake. The distribution of CLL in the lung tissue of mouse model of radiation lung injury was investigated using In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS). A total of 75 male C57BL/6J mice (6~8 weeks old, 17~19 g) were randomly divided into a normal control group (Normal) and CLL treatment groups (0, 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg), with 15 animal in each group. After the mice in the CLL treatment groups received 15 Gy X-ray irradiation on their chests, they received CLL injection at the corresponding through tail vein on days 0.25, 3, and 5 post-irradiation. Then on day 7 post-irradiation, the contents of H2O2, inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, and chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in lung tissue, and the proportion of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured to evaluate the efficacy of CLL in treatment of radiation pneumonitis in mice.

Results‍

The ROS scavenging material Ce6-Luminol was successfully synthesized, and CLL liposomes were prepared, with an average particle size of 127.8±0.5 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.164±0.005, and a Zeta potential of -23.6±1.4 mV. The prepared CLL liposomes were taken up by A549 cells, HUVEC and Raw264.7 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, without a sharply decrease in cell viability. IVIS revealed that there were significantly more CLL liposomes distributed in the lung tissues of radiation pneumonitis mice than in normal mice (F=351.741, P<0.05). CLL intervention significantly reduced the lung contents of H2O2 (F=15.183, P<0.05), TNF-α (F=5.150, P<0.05), IL-1β (F=10.036, P<0.05), MCP-1 (F=3.777, P<0.05) and KC (F=3.755, P<0.05), and the proportion of neutrophils in BALF (F=17.751, P<0.05) from the radiation pneumonitis mice.

Conclusion‍

ROS scavenging CLL liposomes can alleviate radiation pneumonitis in mice, which may be due to the protective role against radiation pneumonitis.

, authors=Hangke LEI, Dingde HUANG, authorsList=Hangke LEI, Dingde HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dingde HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934841888612743, articleId=1322934833017659764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=活性氧清除性Ce6-鲁米诺脂质体的制备及其对小鼠放射性肺炎的保护作用研究, columnId=1322185581656920707, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=军事医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

制备活性氧清除性Ce6-鲁米诺脂质体(Ce6-Luminol encapsulated liposomes,CLL),探究基于纳米材料的活性氧清除策略对小鼠放射性肺炎是否具有保护作用。

方法

化学合成活性氧清除性材料Ce6-鲁米诺,通过脂质体技术将其包封得到活性氧清除性CLL;用激光粒度仪对CLL的粒径、多分散指数及Zeta电位进行表征;流式细胞术检测A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw 264.7细胞对CLL的摄取;CCK-8法评估摄取CLL后对细胞活力的影响;活体成像系统考察CLL在放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织的分布情况;将75只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠(6~8周龄,17~19 g)按体质量分层抽样,分为正常对照组(Normal),0、2、10和50 mg/kg CLL干预组,每组15只。CLL干预组小鼠胸部接受15 Gy X射线辐照,于辐照后第0.25、3及5天尾静脉注射相应剂量CLL。辐照后第7天检测小鼠肺组织活性氧H2O2含量,炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和炎症细胞趋化因子MCP-1、KC的含量,以及支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞比例,评价CLL对小鼠放射性肺炎的干预效果。

结果

成功合成了活性氧清除性材料Ce6-鲁米诺,制备的CLL平均粒径为(127.8±0.5)nm,多分散指数为0.164±0.005,Zeta电位为(-23.6±1.4)mV。CLL可被A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw 264.7细胞以时间及剂量依赖的方式所摄取,细胞活力均未见剧烈降低。活体成像发现,与正常小鼠相比,CLL在放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织的分布显著增多(F=351.741,P<0.05)。CLL干预可显著降低放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织活性氧H2O2(F=15.183,P<0.05)、炎症因子TNF-α (F=5.150,P<0.05)和IL-1β(F=10.036,P<0.05)、炎症细胞趋化因子MCP-1(F=3.777,P<0.05)和KC(F=3.755,P<0.05)的含量,以及支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞比例(F=17.751,P<0.05)。

结论

活性氧清除性脂质体CLL可减轻小鼠放射性肺炎,基于纳米材料的活性氧清除策略对小鼠放射性肺炎具有保护作用。

, authors=雷航科, 黄定德, authorsList=雷航科, 黄定德, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄定德, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
黄定德,E-mail:
HUANG Dingde,E-mail:
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Int J Pharm,2004,287(1/2):147-154., articleTitle=Uptake characteristics of mannosylated and fucosylated bovine serum albumin in primary cultured rat sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322934842610033032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934842618421641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, companyId=1322934842610033032, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Nuclear Medicine,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934842626810250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, companyId=1322934842610033032, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院核医学科,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322934847253127584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+mfsY2GCokOUlmAqRcFdZA==, figureFileBig=d7ThPFawDLRGN5eXdg3OJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934847328625057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Ce6-鲁米诺的合成路线, figureFileSmall=+mfsY2GCokOUlmAqRcFdZA==, figureFileBig=d7ThPFawDLRGN5eXdg3OJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934847727083939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1b28YjuHFnryAVtuMcInOw==, figureFileBig=v2Gn20qkM1sTQEiyz6KD1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934847785804196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Ce6-鲁米诺的FT-IR图 (A) 和核磁共振氢谱图 (B)

a:Ce6分子卟吩结构上的氢(-H)特征峰; b:鲁米诺基团苯环上的氢(-H)特征峰

, figureFileSmall=1b28YjuHFnryAVtuMcInOw==, figureFileBig=v2Gn20qkM1sTQEiyz6KD1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934848045851045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+OIxBfui6wXTClh404Fjhg==, figureFileBig=3yYcRphAM8wS61VhSymCQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934848125542822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=CN, label=图3, caption=CLL的制备示意图, figureFileSmall=+OIxBfui6wXTClh404Fjhg==, figureFileBig=3yYcRphAM8wS61VhSymCQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934848494641575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Xmysmnk7UAe3O7BzcMQy2w==, figureFileBig=lhMMyhEfyi5B2gcl18SPLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934848561750440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=CN, label=图4, caption=CLL的粒径(A)、多分散指数(B)及Zeta电位(C), figureFileSmall=Xmysmnk7UAe3O7BzcMQy2w==, figureFileBig=lhMMyhEfyi5B2gcl18SPLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934848633053609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=L94f1Dgrs1ZfIkDTmaPzKg==, figureFileBig=zv44Ld/l7HY700xOS6ONag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934848947626411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=CN, label=图5, caption=A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw 264.7细胞对CLL的摄取 (n=3,x¯±s)

A~C:不同孵育时间下A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw264.7细胞中CLL的平均萤光强度;D~F:不同浓度CLL孵育2 h后A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw264.7细胞中CLL的平均萤光强度

, figureFileSmall=L94f1Dgrs1ZfIkDTmaPzKg==, figureFileBig=zv44Ld/l7HY700xOS6ONag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934849027318188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=XTXPjSIMF3OIbIDTkPhBcw==, figureFileBig=Olo77tg+/Ssviohot7sxvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934849320919469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CCK-8法检测A549细胞(A)、HUVEC细胞(B)和Raw 264.7细胞(C)的细胞活力 (n=4,x¯±s), figureFileSmall=XTXPjSIMF3OIbIDTkPhBcw==, figureFileBig=Olo77tg+/Ssviohot7sxvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934849388028334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ej4hvjlrLT2afwVX7iuShQ==, figureFileBig=QWefwAKwe4a4gC44OXf/ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934849459331503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CLL在放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织中的分布 (n=3,x¯±s)

A:放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织中CLL荧光强度的变化;B、C:CLL在Normal+CLL组小鼠和RP+CLL组小鼠肺组织分布的活体成像代表性图像和荧光定量 a:P<0.05,与 RP+Saline组比较;b:P<0.05,与 Normal+CLL组比较

, figureFileSmall=ej4hvjlrLT2afwVX7iuShQ==, figureFileBig=QWefwAKwe4a4gC44OXf/ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934849731961264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zT4hNpHbY4uXHoohSLbrYg==, figureFileBig=UhzjmRSqVctXPxp6UMlDrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934849836818865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934833017659764, language=CN, label=图8, caption=CLL对小鼠放射性肺炎的干预效果 (x¯±s)

a:P<0.05,与Normal组比较;b:P<0.05,与0 mg/kg CLL干预组相比较;c:P<0.05,与2 mg/kg CLL干预组相比较;d:P<0.05,与10 mg/kg CLL干预组相比较;e:P<0.05,与50 mg/kg CLL干预组相比较A~E:各组小鼠肺组织过氧化氢、TNF-α、IL1-β、MCP-1和KC定量分析;F、G:小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞比例定量和代表性流式细胞图

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活性氧清除性Ce6-鲁米诺脂质体的制备及其对小鼠放射性肺炎的保护作用研究
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雷航科 , 黄定德
陆军军医大学学报 | 军事医学 2025,47(6): 489-497
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陆军军医大学学报 |军事医学 2025 , 47 (6) : 489 -497
活性氧清除性Ce6-鲁米诺脂质体的制备及其对小鼠放射性肺炎的保护作用研究
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雷航科, 黄定德
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院核医学科,重庆
通讯作者:
黄定德,E-mail:
HUANG Dingde,E-mail:
Preparation of reactive oxygen species scavenging Ce6-Luminol encapsulated liposomes and their protective effect against radiation pneumonitis in mice
Hangke LEI, Dingde HUANG
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine,First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-03-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411116
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目的

制备活性氧清除性Ce6-鲁米诺脂质体(Ce6-Luminol encapsulated liposomes,CLL),探究基于纳米材料的活性氧清除策略对小鼠放射性肺炎是否具有保护作用。

方法

化学合成活性氧清除性材料Ce6-鲁米诺,通过脂质体技术将其包封得到活性氧清除性CLL;用激光粒度仪对CLL的粒径、多分散指数及Zeta电位进行表征;流式细胞术检测A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw 264.7细胞对CLL的摄取;CCK-8法评估摄取CLL后对细胞活力的影响;活体成像系统考察CLL在放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织的分布情况;将75只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠(6~8周龄,17~19 g)按体质量分层抽样,分为正常对照组(Normal),0、2、10和50 mg/kg CLL干预组,每组15只。CLL干预组小鼠胸部接受15 Gy X射线辐照,于辐照后第0.25、3及5天尾静脉注射相应剂量CLL。辐照后第7天检测小鼠肺组织活性氧H2O2含量,炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和炎症细胞趋化因子MCP-1、KC的含量,以及支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞比例,评价CLL对小鼠放射性肺炎的干预效果。

结果

成功合成了活性氧清除性材料Ce6-鲁米诺,制备的CLL平均粒径为(127.8±0.5)nm,多分散指数为0.164±0.005,Zeta电位为(-23.6±1.4)mV。CLL可被A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw 264.7细胞以时间及剂量依赖的方式所摄取,细胞活力均未见剧烈降低。活体成像发现,与正常小鼠相比,CLL在放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织的分布显著增多(F=351.741,P<0.05)。CLL干预可显著降低放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织活性氧H2O2(F=15.183,P<0.05)、炎症因子TNF-α (F=5.150,P<0.05)和IL-1β(F=10.036,P<0.05)、炎症细胞趋化因子MCP-1(F=3.777,P<0.05)和KC(F=3.755,P<0.05)的含量,以及支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞比例(F=17.751,P<0.05)。

结论

活性氧清除性脂质体CLL可减轻小鼠放射性肺炎,基于纳米材料的活性氧清除策略对小鼠放射性肺炎具有保护作用。

放射性肺炎  /  电离辐射  /  活性氧  /  炎症  /  活性氧清除性脂质体
Objective‍

To prepare reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging Ce6-Luminol encapsulated liposomes (CLL) and to explore the protective effect of CLL against radiation pneumonitis in mice.

Methods‍

ROS scavenging material Ce6-Luminol was chemically synthesized, and then was encapsulated using liposome technology to prepare ROS scavenging CLL liposomes. A laser particle size analyzer was used to characterize particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of prepared CLL liposomes. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the uptake of CLL by A549 cells, HUVEC and Raw 264.7 cells, respectively, and CCK-8 assay was utilized to evaluate the cell viability after CLL uptake. The distribution of CLL in the lung tissue of mouse model of radiation lung injury was investigated using In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS). A total of 75 male C57BL/6J mice (6~8 weeks old, 17~19 g) were randomly divided into a normal control group (Normal) and CLL treatment groups (0, 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg), with 15 animal in each group. After the mice in the CLL treatment groups received 15 Gy X-ray irradiation on their chests, they received CLL injection at the corresponding through tail vein on days 0.25, 3, and 5 post-irradiation. Then on day 7 post-irradiation, the contents of H2O2, inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, and chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in lung tissue, and the proportion of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured to evaluate the efficacy of CLL in treatment of radiation pneumonitis in mice.

Results‍

The ROS scavenging material Ce6-Luminol was successfully synthesized, and CLL liposomes were prepared, with an average particle size of 127.8±0.5 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.164±0.005, and a Zeta potential of -23.6±1.4 mV. The prepared CLL liposomes were taken up by A549 cells, HUVEC and Raw264.7 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, without a sharply decrease in cell viability. IVIS revealed that there were significantly more CLL liposomes distributed in the lung tissues of radiation pneumonitis mice than in normal mice (F=351.741, P<0.05). CLL intervention significantly reduced the lung contents of H2O2 (F=15.183, P<0.05), TNF-α (F=5.150, P<0.05), IL-1β (F=10.036, P<0.05), MCP-1 (F=3.777, P<0.05) and KC (F=3.755, P<0.05), and the proportion of neutrophils in BALF (F=17.751, P<0.05) from the radiation pneumonitis mice.

Conclusion‍

ROS scavenging CLL liposomes can alleviate radiation pneumonitis in mice, which may be due to the protective role against radiation pneumonitis.

radiation pneumonitis  /  ionizing radiation  /  reactive oxygen species  /  inflammation  /  reactive oxygen species scavenging liposome
雷航科, 黄定德. 活性氧清除性Ce6-鲁米诺脂质体的制备及其对小鼠放射性肺炎的保护作用研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (6) : 489 -497 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411116
Hangke LEI, Dingde HUANG. Preparation of reactive oxygen species scavenging Ce6-Luminol encapsulated liposomes and their protective effect against radiation pneumonitis in mice[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (6) : 489 -497 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411116
肺是对电离辐射(ionizing radiation,IR)敏感的器官,正常肺组织接受过量IR作用可引起放射性肺损伤(radiation-induced lung injury,RILI)[1-2],RILI分为损伤早期的放射性肺炎(radiation pneumonitis,RP)和损伤晚期的放射性肺纤维化(radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis,RPF)[3]。RP是限制胸部肿瘤放射治疗剂量的主要因素[4]。当前外照射治疗及放射性核素内照射治疗在临床上的应用越来越广泛,如何有效防治RP已成为亟待解决的临床难题。
IR作用于正常肺组织可产生过量的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS),ROS破坏细胞中的DNA、蛋白质及脂质等生物大分子造成细胞损伤,通过“ROS诱导的ROS释放”形成恶性循环从而引起肺损伤[5]。鉴于ROS在辐射损伤中的重要作用,通过化学手段清除IR诱导产生的过量ROS,成为具有临床转化前景的治疗策略。
研究证实小分子化合物鲁米诺具有消耗过量ROS的能力,对氧化还原失衡介导的炎性疾病展现出良好的治疗效果[6-8]。在前期研究工作基础上,本研究以鲁米诺为基础制备活性氧清除性Ce6-鲁米诺脂质体(Ce6-Luminol encapsulated liposomes,CLL),探究CLL对小鼠放射性肺炎的干预效果,为基于纳米材料的活性氧清除策略防治放射性肺炎提供实验依据。
Ce6及CCK-8试剂盒购自美国MedCheExpress公司;鲁米诺购自美国Sigma Aldrich公司;HATU及DPPC购自上海阿拉丁公司;DIPEA及胆固醇购自上海麦克林公司;DSPE-PEG (2000) 购自西安瑞禧公司;过氧化氢检测试剂盒购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;小鼠TNF-α、IL-1β、MCP-1和KC ELISA试剂盒购自深圳欣博盛公司;Ly6G-FITC和CD11b-APC流式抗体购自美国BioLegend公司。
A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw 264.7细胞购自中国科学院上海细胞库。102只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠(6~8周龄,体质量17~19 g)由陆军军医大学实验动物中心提供。
将20 mg Ce6与57.3 mg缩合剂HATU溶于二甲基甲酰胺,加入DIPEA冰浴条件下反应30 min,注入14.2 mg 鲁米诺溶液(溶于二甲基甲酰胺)反应24 h。乙酸乙酯萃取、干燥后获得化合物Ce6-鲁米诺。将适量产物溶于氘代二甲基亚砜用于1H-NMR检测,另取适量产物用于FT-IR分析。
将20 mg 磷脂DPPC、2 mg胆固醇、4 mg DSPE-PEG(2000)及2 mg Ce6-鲁米诺溶于氯仿/甲醇溶液(体积比9∶1),旋蒸挥去溶剂后,待瓶壁形成一层均匀薄膜,加入去离子水水化,冰浴间歇超声、离心后取上清即得CLL。激光电位粒度仪检测CLL的粒径分布、多分散指数及Zeta电位。
将A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw 264.7细胞接种于12孔板,分别与 50 μg/mL CLL在37 ℃、5%CO2细胞培养箱中共孵育0、0.25、0.5、1、2及4 h;将上述细胞分别与0、2、10、50、100及200 μg/mL CLL在37 ℃、5%CO2细胞培养箱中共孵育2 h;制成单细胞悬液后,使用流式细胞仪检测CLL荧光信号。
将A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw 264.7细胞接种于96孔板,分别与0、2.5、5、10、25、50、100、200、400及800 μg/mL CLL在37 ℃、5%CO2细胞培养箱中共孵育12 h,加入CCK-8工作液后孵育1 h,检测各孔光密度值[D(450)]计算细胞活力。
腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠溶液麻醉C57BL/6J小鼠后,将小鼠仰卧位固定,躯体除胸部外其余部分用铅板遮挡。X射线生物辐照仪(RS 2000,美国Rad Source公司)在160 kV、25 mA条件下,以1.252 Gy/min剂量率对小鼠胸部辐照15 Gy。辐照小鼠造模后第7天,检测小鼠肺组织匀浆中活性氧H2O2、炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β、炎症细胞趋化因子MCP-1和KC的含量,及支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞比例,以评价模型是否成功建立。
造模后第7天尾静脉注射50 mg/kg CLL,在注射后1、3、6、12和24 h使用活体成像系统检测小鼠肺组织中CLL的荧光强度随时间的变化;将放射性肺炎小鼠按随机数字表法分为2组,每组3只,分别尾静脉注射生理盐水(RP+Saline组)和CLL(RP +CLL组),以健康小鼠(n=3)尾静脉注射相同剂量CLL作为对照(Normal+CLL组),注射后1 h使用活体成像系统检测CLL在各组小鼠肺组织中的分布。
将C57BL/6J小鼠按体质量分层抽样,分为正常对照组 (Normal) ,0、2、10及50 mg/kg CLL干预组,每组15只。除正常对照组外,CLL干预组小鼠胸部均接受15 Gy X射线辐照。正常对照组尾静脉注射与CLL干预组等体积的生理盐水,CLL干预组分别尾静脉注射0、2、10或50 mg/kg CLL,分别于造模后第0.25、3及5天共干预3次。造模第7天处死小鼠,取肺组织检测H2O2、炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β及炎症细胞趋化因子MCP-1和KC的含量。检测步骤为:对肺组织样品进行匀浆,加入试剂检测标准品和待测样品的光密度,根据检测指标的标准品“光密度-浓度”建立标准曲线方程,将待测样品光密度代入标准曲线方程求解含量。检测结果以肺组织蛋白浓度进行归一化处理。
提取小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液[9],使用Ly6G-FITC和CD11b-APC流式抗体对灌洗液中中性粒细胞染色,流式细胞仪(Amnis CellStream,美国Luminex公司) 检测支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞比例,评价小鼠肺部炎症细胞浸润。
采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据分析,数据以x¯±s表示。多组间差异比较用单因素方差分析,P<0.05 认为差异有统计学意义。
按图1的合成路线,通过在骨架分子Ce6的羧酸基团上接入具有活性氧清除活性的小分子鲁米诺,合成活性氧清除性化合物Ce6-鲁米诺。
傅里叶变换红外光谱法(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)显示,目标产物Ce6-鲁米诺在3 400 cm-1左右鲁米诺的氨基(-NH2)特征峰减弱,在1 750 cm-1左右新出现Ce6不具有的羰基(C=O)特征峰,在1 700 cm-1 左右Ce6的羧基(-COOH)伸缩振动峰减弱(图2A)。综合分析后推测上述变化是由于Ce6的羧基(-COOH)与鲁米诺的氨基(-NH2)发生缩合酰化反应形成新的酰胺键所致,提示目标产物Ce6-鲁米诺合成成功。1H-NMR显示,化学位移在8.4~8.7 ppm为产物中Ce6分子卟吩结构上的氢(-H)特征峰,而产物中鲁米诺基团苯环上的氢(-H)特征峰则出现于7.3~7.6 ppm(图2B)。通过对氢谱积分计算后发现,1 mol Ce6-鲁米诺中可接入1~2 mol 鲁米诺。
采用薄膜水化法制备脂质体CLL(图3)。动态光散射法测得CLL的平均粒径(127.8±0.5) nm(图4A),多分散指数为0.164±0.005(图4B),Zeta电位为(-23.6±1.4) mV(图4C)。
将A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw 264.7细胞与CLL共孵育不同时间。流式细胞术定量分析发现,CLL的平均荧光强度随着孵育时间的增加而增加(图5A~C);同样,将上述3种细胞分别与不同浓度的CLL共孵育,流式细胞术定量分析发现,CLL的平均荧光强度随着CLL浓度的增加而增加(图5D~F)。这些结果表明,A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw 264.7细胞均可以摄取CLL,且呈现出时间依赖性和剂量依赖性。
A549细胞、HUVEC细胞及Raw 264.7细胞均呈时间依赖性和剂量依赖性地摄取CLL,CCK-8法评估摄取CLL后细胞活力的变化。结果发现,与不同浓度的CLL共孵育12 h后,A549细胞(图6A)、HUVEC细胞(图6B)及Raw 264.7细胞(图6C)的细胞活力均未发生剧烈下降,即使CLL浓度达到400 μg/mL,各细胞活力仍大于80%。这表明CLL具有较好体外生物安全性。
尾静脉注射CLL后1、3、6、12和24 h,使用活体成像系统检测放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织中CLL的荧光强度变化。结果显示:小鼠肺组织中CLL的平均荧光强度在1 h达到峰值,此后不断降低(图7A)。进一步比较注射CLL 1 h后,正常小鼠与放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织中CLL的分布差异(图7B、C),发现CLL在放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织的分布明显高于正常小鼠肺组织(P<0.05)。这表明CLL对放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织具有被动靶向性。
辐射造模后第7天评估CLL对小鼠放射性肺炎的干预效果。结果发现,与Normal组相比,0 mg/kg CLL干预组小鼠肺组织中活性氧H2O2、炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β、炎症细胞趋化因子MCP-1和KC的含量以及支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞比例均显著升高(P<0.05),表明成功建立小鼠放射性肺炎模型。给予2、10 或50 mg/kg CLL干预可显著抑制H2O2、IL-1β含量的升高(P<0.05),给予10 或50 mg/kg CLL干预可抑制TNF-α、MCP-1和KC表达水平以及支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞比例的升高(P<0.05),以50 mg/kg CLL的抑制效果最好(图8)。这些结果表明,CLL可减轻放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织的氧化应激和炎症反应,对小鼠放射性肺炎具有保护作用。
放射性肺炎是胸部肿瘤放射治疗常见的并发症,严重影响肿瘤的放射治疗效果和患者的生存质量。糖皮质激素被用于改善放射性肺炎患者的临床症状[10],但需权衡治疗的临床获益与副作用发生风险。氨磷汀作为一种有潜力的辐射保护剂,在早期研究中初步显示出对放射性肺损伤的治疗有效性[11-14],但其容易发生严重低血压等副作用[15-16]。同时,氨磷汀是预防性给药,辐射损伤的发生往往具有不可预见性,发生辐射损伤后,预防给药策略发挥作用受限。因此,探索开发放射性肺损伤防治新策略具有重要的研究价值。
研究表明,ROS在辐射损伤发生发展中起重要作用[17]。通过化学手段清除辐射损伤肺组织中的过量ROS,成为一种有临床转化前景的放射性肺损伤防治策略。鲁米诺在铁离子或过氧化物酶的催化下,可与H2O2等ROS发生氧化还原反应,从而消耗过量的ROS。将鲁米诺与生物相容性良好的环糊精分子相偶联制备的纳米材料,对氧化还原稳态失衡介导的炎性疾病展现出良好的治疗效果[6-8]。因此,本研究通过缩合酰化反应将鲁米诺与骨架分子Ce6偶联,合成了活性氧清除性生物材料Ce6-鲁米诺。然而,目标化合物Ce6-鲁米诺的脂溶性化学属性,会限制系统给药后其在病灶部位的分布,进而影响对放射性肺损伤的干预效果。
纳米递送系统可以改善药物在体内的生物分布,进而提高药物对疾病的治疗效果[18-22]。脂质体作为一种应用广泛的纳米递送载体,具有模拟细胞膜脂质双分子层的囊泡状结构,使其能够同时包封水溶性及脂溶性药物,并表现出良好的生物相容性、可生物降解性[23-24]。为改善Ce6-鲁米诺的体内生物分布,本研究利用脂质体技术将其包封,制备出活性氧清除性脂质体CLL,探究CLL对小鼠放射性肺炎的干预效果。
药物对病变部位的靶向性是影响药物发挥治疗作用的关键因素之一。文献报道,制备脂质体过程中对其关键质量属性进行优化,如控制合适的粒径可显著提高药物的生物利用度、增强其对病变部位的靶向性[24-25]。粒径过大(>300 nm)容易使药物在非靶向部位过多积累[26-27],降低了负载药物脂质体的靶向性及生物利用度,进而降低治疗效果,甚至增强额外的毒副作用。而粒径过小(<10 nm)容易被肾脏滤过作用过快清除[28]。脂质体被用于药物递送时,粒径在50~150 nm通常表现出更好的疗效[24]。
本研究制备脂质体过程中增加了冰浴间歇超声的步骤,最终获得的脂质体CLL平均粒径在130 nm左右,粒径分布较窄,在体外表现出良好的生物安全性。进一步体内实验发现,CLL对放射性肺损伤小鼠肺组织表现出被动靶向性。这可能是由于辐射损伤血管内皮细胞导致血管通透性增加[3],更多的CLL随血液循环渗入损伤的肺组织;此外,分析体外实验结果发现,除代表肺上皮和血管内皮细胞的A549细胞和HUVEC细胞可以摄取CLL外,代表巨噬细胞的Raw 264.7细胞,同样以时间依赖性和剂量依赖性摄取CLL。辐射损伤的肺组织中巨噬细胞等炎症细胞浸润增多[3],进而使CLL在辐射损伤肺组织中分布增多。
体内实验结果发现,CLL可以显著抑制放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织活性氧、炎症因子和炎症细胞趋化因子含量的升高,并减轻小鼠肺部炎症细胞的浸润,综合这些结果表明,CLL可以有效减轻小鼠放射性肺炎,基于纳米材料的活性氧清除策略对小鼠放射性肺炎具有保护作用。
本研究存在一定局限性。虽然通过动物实验,检测了包括肺部活性氧H2O2的含量,炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β的含量,炎症细胞趋化因子MCP-1和KC的含量,以及反映肺部炎症细胞浸润的支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞比例等多项指标,初步证明了活性氧清除性脂质体CLL可以减轻小鼠放射性肺炎。然而,关于CLL发挥治疗作用的具体分子生物学机制仍有待阐明;此外,放射性肺炎是放射性肺损伤的早期阶段,CLL对放射性肺损伤晚期阶段的放射性肺纤维化是否也具有保护作用,仍需要进一步实验探究,这对于放射性肺损伤的防治具有更深远的临床价值。
综上所述,本研究基于纳米材料的活性氧清除策略,制备出活性氧清除性脂质体CLL。CLL体外安全性良好,对放射性肺炎小鼠肺组织具有被动靶向性。进一步通过小鼠体内实验,初步证明CLL对小鼠放射性肺炎具有保护作用,为放射性肺损伤的防治策略开发提供了实验参考。

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2025年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411116
  • 接收时间:2024-11-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-26
  • 修回日期:2024-12-14
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院核医学科,重庆

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黄定德,E-mail:
HUANG Dingde,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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