Article(id=1322934447930220867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934434474885947, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411034, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730390400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-01, revisedDate=1733068800000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341751319, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341751319, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341751319, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341751319, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934434474885947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='99', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736870400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341748111, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341748111, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=30, endPage=37, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934449742160196, articleId=1322934447930220867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Impact of daily diet on military training injuries among high-altitude officers and soldiers, columnId=1320442291748192970, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Monographic Reports, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To explore the characteristics of military training injuries in high-altitude troops and determine the possible impact of daily diet on these training injuries in order to provide theoretical reference for scientific training and medical service support for high-altitude troops.

Methods‍

A cross-sectional scheme was adopted in this study. A self-designed Military Training Injury Questionnaire for Plateau Troops was used to survey the officers and soldiers from resident high-altitude troops in July 2024 for their training injuries,daily diet,and other situations. The obtained data were statistically analyzed.

Results‍

Among the 3 655 participants,the incidence of military training injuries was 17.87%. The subject with highest incidence was physical training (45.94%),the most common season was winter (31.39%). The most common sites of injury were waist (28.48%),knees (22.21%),and ankles (18.07%),and the most common types were sprains (28.48%),chronic fatigue injuries (18.38%) and strains (12.25%). The intake amounts of coarse grains and potatoes,bean products,aquatic products and nuts were relatively low in the daily diet of high-altitude troops. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found intake of fruit (OR=0.625,95%CI:0.508~0.768,P<0.001) and of nut (OR=0.759,95%CI:0.654~0.879,P<0.001) were correlated with the occurrence of training injury.

Conclusion‍

The occurrence pattern of military training injuries in high-altitude troops in this survey is basically consistent with that of previous reports,but the incidence rate is slightly decreased. Regular consumption of fruit and nut may be protective factors for the occurrence of training injuries.

, authors=Yutong DONG1, Maolin YANG3, Yangkai ZHANG2, Junjiang YANG1, Xiaobo LI1, Mo LI1, Chen ZHANG2, Yan RUAN2, Junlei ZHANG2, Yan HU1, authorsList=Yutong DONG, Maolin YANG, Yangkai ZHANG, Junjiang YANG, Xiaobo LI, Mo LI, Chen ZHANG, Yan RUAN, Junlei ZHANG, Yan HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934450622964039, articleId=1322934447930220867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=日常饮食影响高原官兵军事训练伤发生的调查分析, columnId=1322190423666315871, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=专题报道, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究高原部队官兵军事训练伤的发生规律和日常饮食对训练伤发生的影响,为高原部队科学施训及卫勤保障提供理论支撑。

方法

本研究采用横断面研究设计方案,自主设计“高原部队军事训练伤调查表”,于2024年7月对常驻高原部队官兵的训练伤、日常饮食等情况进行问卷调查,对数据进行统计分析。

结果

在3 655名调查对象中,训练伤发生率为17.87%。体能训练(45.94%)为训练伤高发课目,冬季(31.39%)为训练伤高发季节。腰(28.48%)、膝(22.21%)和踝部(18.07%)是常见的损伤部位。扭伤(28.48%)、慢性疲劳性损伤(18.38%)和拉伤(12.25%)为常见的损伤类型。高原部队官兵日常饮食中粗粮及薯类、豆制品类、水产类和坚果类摄入偏低。多因素Logistics回归分析显示摄入水果(OR=0.625,95%CI:0.508~0.768,P<0.001)和坚果(OR=0.759,95%CI:0.654~0.879,P<0.001)与高原训练伤发生具有关联性。

结论

较之既往研究数据,本次调查中高原官兵训练伤发生规律一致、发生率略有下降;这可能与经常摄入水果和坚果有关联。

, authors=董雨桐1, 杨茂林3, 张洋铠2, 杨俊江1, 李晓波1, 李莫1, 张辰2, 阮艳2, 张俊磊2, 胡彦1, authorsList=董雨桐, 杨茂林, 张洋铠, 杨俊江, 李晓波, 李莫, 张辰, 阮艳, 张俊磊, 胡彦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=胡彦, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
胡彦,E-mail:
HU Yan,E-mail:
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Antioxidants (Basel),2020,9(6):511., articleTitle=The role of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nuts on an experimental model of painful degenerative joint disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322934465265279427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, doi=10.3390/antiox13080974, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=13, issue=8, pageStart=974, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=52, authorNames=MATE L, BANC R, ZAHARIE F A, journalName=Antioxidants (Basel), refType=null, unstructuredReference=MATE L,BANC R,ZAHARIE F A,et al. Mechanistic insights into the biological effects and antioxidant activity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) ellagitannins:a systematic review[J]. Antioxidants (Basel),2024,13(8):974., articleTitle=Mechanistic insights into the biological effects and antioxidant activity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) ellagitannins:a systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322934465529520580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, doi=10.3390/antiox9080660, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=9, issue=8, pageStart=660, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=53, authorNames=CORDARO M, SIRACUSA R, FUSCO R, journalName=Antioxidants (Basel), refType=null, unstructuredReference=CORDARO M,SIRACUSA R,FUSCO R,et al. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nuts counteract oxidative stress and inflammation in an acute experimental model of carrageenan-induced paw edema[J]. Antioxidants (Basel),2020,9(8):660., articleTitle=Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nuts counteract oxidative stress and inflammation in an acute experimental model of carrageenan-induced paw edema, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322934465634378181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, doi=10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.014, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=20, issue=Suppl 4, pageStart=S3, pageEnd=S10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=54, authorNames=WARDLE S L, GREEVES J P, journalName=J Sci Med Sport, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WARDLE S L,GREEVES J P. Mitigating the risk of musculoskeletal injury:a systematic review of the most effective injury prevention strategies for military personnel[J]. J Sci Med Sport,2017,20(Suppl 4):S3-S10., articleTitle=Mitigating the risk of musculoskeletal injury:a systematic review of the most effective injury prevention strategies for military personnel, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322934451327607112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934451335995721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, companyId=1322934451327607112, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Military Basic Training and Army Management, Tibet Military Command,Lhasa,Xizang,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934451344384330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, companyId=1322934451327607112, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):军事共同与部队管理教研室,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322934451415687499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934451424076108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, companyId=1322934451415687499, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology,Department of Histology and Embryology,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, Tibet Military Command,Lhasa,Xizang,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934451445047629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, companyId=1322934451415687499, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):基础医学院组织胚胎学教研室干细胞发育生物学实验室,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322934451696705870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934451705094479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, companyId=1322934451696705870, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Training Office of Staff Department, Tibet Military Command,Lhasa,Xizang,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934451738648912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, companyId=1322934451696705870, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3西藏军区参谋部训练处,西藏 拉萨)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322934456780202377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=w7ikzOw2hyx14ygr4V8g4g==, figureFileBig=ersoWG6lo3juwHtZBeKikQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934456864088458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, language=CN, label=图1, caption=高原官兵军事训练伤发生部位占比, figureFileSmall=w7ikzOw2hyx14ygr4V8g4g==, figureFileBig=ersoWG6lo3juwHtZBeKikQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934458659250571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总体(n=3 655)训练伤组(n=653)对照组(n=3 002)t/χ2P
蔬菜0.0540.974
≥1次/d3 430(93.84)612(93.72)2 818(93.87)
1~6次/周190(5.20)35(5.36)155(5.16)
<1次/周35(0.96)6(0.92)29(0.97)
水果75.160<0.001
≥1次/d3 096(84.71)482(73.81)2 614(87.08)
1~6次/周492(13.46)146(22.36)346(11.53)
<1次/周67(1.83)25(3.83)42(1.40)
米面0.7450.689
≥1次/d3 475(95.08)625(95.71)2 850(94.94)
1~6次/周163(4.46)25(3.83)138(4.60)
<1次/周17(0.46)3(0.46)14(0.47)
粗粮及薯类66.500<0.001
≥1次/d2 254(61.67)321(49.16)1 933(64.39)
1~6次/周1 272(34.80)286(43.80)986(32.84)
<1次/周129(3.53)46(7.04)83(2.76)
禽肉4.5470.103
≥1次/d3 314(90.67)596(91.27)2 718(90.54)
1~6次/周324(8.87)51(7.81)273(9.09)
<1次/周17(0.46)6(0.92)11(0.37)
蛋类19.880<0.001
≥1次/d3167(86.65)531(81.32)2 636(87.81)
1~6次/周455(12.45)115(17.61)340(11.33)
<1次/周33(0.90)7(1.07)26(0.87)
水产57.669<0.001
≥1次/d1 775(48.56)236(36.14)1 539(51.27)
1~6次/周1 724(47.17)369(56.51)1 355(45.14)
<1次/周156(4.27)48(7.35)108(3.60)
牛奶及乳制品43.127<0.001
≥1次/d3 011(82.38)480(73.51)2 531(84.31)
1~6次/周592(16.20)159(24.35)433(14.42)
<1次/周52(1.42)14(2.14)38(1.27)
豆制品47.746<0.001
≥1次/d1 941(53.10)269(41.19)1 672(55.70)
1~6次/周1 542(42.19)338(51.76)1 204(40.11)
<1次/周172(4.71)46(7.04)126(4.20)
坚果66.887<0.001
≥1次/d1 312(35.90)161(24.66)1 151(38.34)
1~6次/周1 208(33.05)209(32.01)999(33.28)
<1次/周1 135(31.05)283(43.34)852(28.38)
), ArticleFig(id=1322934458747330956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

高原部队训练伤与日常饮食的单因素分析[例(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总体(n=3 655)训练伤组(n=653)对照组(n=3 002)t/χ2P
蔬菜0.0540.974
≥1次/d3 430(93.84)612(93.72)2 818(93.87)
1~6次/周190(5.20)35(5.36)155(5.16)
<1次/周35(0.96)6(0.92)29(0.97)
水果75.160<0.001
≥1次/d3 096(84.71)482(73.81)2 614(87.08)
1~6次/周492(13.46)146(22.36)346(11.53)
<1次/周67(1.83)25(3.83)42(1.40)
米面0.7450.689
≥1次/d3 475(95.08)625(95.71)2 850(94.94)
1~6次/周163(4.46)25(3.83)138(4.60)
<1次/周17(0.46)3(0.46)14(0.47)
粗粮及薯类66.500<0.001
≥1次/d2 254(61.67)321(49.16)1 933(64.39)
1~6次/周1 272(34.80)286(43.80)986(32.84)
<1次/周129(3.53)46(7.04)83(2.76)
禽肉4.5470.103
≥1次/d3 314(90.67)596(91.27)2 718(90.54)
1~6次/周324(8.87)51(7.81)273(9.09)
<1次/周17(0.46)6(0.92)11(0.37)
蛋类19.880<0.001
≥1次/d3167(86.65)531(81.32)2 636(87.81)
1~6次/周455(12.45)115(17.61)340(11.33)
<1次/周33(0.90)7(1.07)26(0.87)
水产57.669<0.001
≥1次/d1 775(48.56)236(36.14)1 539(51.27)
1~6次/周1 724(47.17)369(56.51)1 355(45.14)
<1次/周156(4.27)48(7.35)108(3.60)
牛奶及乳制品43.127<0.001
≥1次/d3 011(82.38)480(73.51)2 531(84.31)
1~6次/周592(16.20)159(24.35)433(14.42)
<1次/周52(1.42)14(2.14)38(1.27)
豆制品47.746<0.001
≥1次/d1 941(53.10)269(41.19)1 672(55.70)
1~6次/周1 542(42.19)338(51.76)1 204(40.11)
<1次/周172(4.71)46(7.04)126(4.20)
坚果66.887<0.001
≥1次/d1 312(35.90)161(24.66)1 151(38.34)
1~6次/周1 208(33.05)209(32.01)999(33.28)
<1次/周1 135(31.05)283(43.34)852(28.38)
), ArticleFig(id=1322934458847994253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWaldOR95% CIP
水果-0.4700.10519.8720.6250.508~0.768<0.001
粗粮及薯类-0.1620.1022.5190.8510.696~1.0380.113
蛋类0.1450.1401.0771.1570.878~1.5220.299
水产-0.1520.1081.9900.8590.695~1.0600.158
牛奶及乳制品-0.1840.1272.0960.8320.647~1.0670.148
豆制品0.0940.1130.6901.0980.880~1.3700.406
坚果-0.2760.07513.4080.7590.654~0.879<0.001
常量0.9660.3378.2272.6280.004
), ArticleFig(id=1322934458936074638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934447930220867, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

高原训练伤与日常饮食多因素Logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βSEWaldOR95% CIP
水果-0.4700.10519.8720.6250.508~0.768<0.001
粗粮及薯类-0.1620.1022.5190.8510.696~1.0380.113
蛋类0.1450.1401.0771.1570.878~1.5220.299
水产-0.1520.1081.9900.8590.695~1.0600.158
牛奶及乳制品-0.1840.1272.0960.8320.647~1.0670.148
豆制品0.0940.1130.6901.0980.880~1.3700.406
坚果-0.2760.07513.4080.7590.654~0.879<0.001
常量0.9660.3378.2272.6280.004
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日常饮食影响高原官兵军事训练伤发生的调查分析
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董雨桐 1 , 杨茂林 3 , 张洋铠 2 , 杨俊江 1 , 李晓波 1 , 李莫 1 , 张辰 2 , 阮艳 2 , 张俊磊 2 , 胡彦 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 专题报道 2025,47(1): 30-37
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陆军军医大学学报 |专题报道 2025 , 47 (1) : 30 -37
日常饮食影响高原官兵军事训练伤发生的调查分析
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董雨桐1, 杨茂林3, 张洋铠2, 杨俊江1, 李晓波1, 李莫1, 张辰2, 阮艳2, 张俊磊2, 胡彦1
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):军事共同与部队管理教研室,重庆
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):基础医学院组织胚胎学教研室干细胞发育生物学实验室,重庆
  • 3西藏军区参谋部训练处,西藏 拉萨
通讯作者:
胡彦,E-mail:
HU Yan,E-mail:
Impact of daily diet on military training injuries among high-altitude officers and soldiers
Yutong DONG1, Maolin YANG3, Yangkai ZHANG2, Junjiang YANG1, Xiaobo LI1, Mo LI1, Chen ZHANG2, Yan RUAN2, Junlei ZHANG2, Yan HU1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Military Basic Training and Army Management, Tibet Military Command,Lhasa,Xizang,China
  • 2Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental Biology,Department of Histology and Embryology,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, Tibet Military Command,Lhasa,Xizang,China
  • 3Training Office of Staff Department, Tibet Military Command,Lhasa,Xizang,China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411034
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目的

探究高原部队官兵军事训练伤的发生规律和日常饮食对训练伤发生的影响,为高原部队科学施训及卫勤保障提供理论支撑。

方法

本研究采用横断面研究设计方案,自主设计“高原部队军事训练伤调查表”,于2024年7月对常驻高原部队官兵的训练伤、日常饮食等情况进行问卷调查,对数据进行统计分析。

结果

在3 655名调查对象中,训练伤发生率为17.87%。体能训练(45.94%)为训练伤高发课目,冬季(31.39%)为训练伤高发季节。腰(28.48%)、膝(22.21%)和踝部(18.07%)是常见的损伤部位。扭伤(28.48%)、慢性疲劳性损伤(18.38%)和拉伤(12.25%)为常见的损伤类型。高原部队官兵日常饮食中粗粮及薯类、豆制品类、水产类和坚果类摄入偏低。多因素Logistics回归分析显示摄入水果(OR=0.625,95%CI:0.508~0.768,P<0.001)和坚果(OR=0.759,95%CI:0.654~0.879,P<0.001)与高原训练伤发生具有关联性。

结论

较之既往研究数据,本次调查中高原官兵训练伤发生规律一致、发生率略有下降;这可能与经常摄入水果和坚果有关联。

高原官兵  /  军事训练伤  /  健康
Objective‍

To explore the characteristics of military training injuries in high-altitude troops and determine the possible impact of daily diet on these training injuries in order to provide theoretical reference for scientific training and medical service support for high-altitude troops.

Methods‍

A cross-sectional scheme was adopted in this study. A self-designed Military Training Injury Questionnaire for Plateau Troops was used to survey the officers and soldiers from resident high-altitude troops in July 2024 for their training injuries,daily diet,and other situations. The obtained data were statistically analyzed.

Results‍

Among the 3 655 participants,the incidence of military training injuries was 17.87%. The subject with highest incidence was physical training (45.94%),the most common season was winter (31.39%). The most common sites of injury were waist (28.48%),knees (22.21%),and ankles (18.07%),and the most common types were sprains (28.48%),chronic fatigue injuries (18.38%) and strains (12.25%). The intake amounts of coarse grains and potatoes,bean products,aquatic products and nuts were relatively low in the daily diet of high-altitude troops. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found intake of fruit (OR=0.625,95%CI:0.508~0.768,P<0.001) and of nut (OR=0.759,95%CI:0.654~0.879,P<0.001) were correlated with the occurrence of training injury.

Conclusion‍

The occurrence pattern of military training injuries in high-altitude troops in this survey is basically consistent with that of previous reports,but the incidence rate is slightly decreased. Regular consumption of fruit and nut may be protective factors for the occurrence of training injuries.

high-altitude officers and soldiers  /  military training injures  /  health
董雨桐, 杨茂林, 张洋铠, 杨俊江, 李晓波, 李莫, 张辰, 阮艳, 张俊磊, 胡彦. 日常饮食影响高原官兵军事训练伤发生的调查分析. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (1) : 30 -37 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411034
Yutong DONG, Maolin YANG, Yangkai ZHANG, Junjiang YANG, Xiaobo LI, Mo LI, Chen ZHANG, Yan RUAN, Junlei ZHANG, Yan HU. Impact of daily diet on military training injuries among high-altitude officers and soldiers[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (1) : 30 -37 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411034
军事训练伤是指军事训练直接导致的参训人员的组织器官功能障碍或病理改变[1-2],是非战斗减员的重要原因,严重影响部队作战效能。探究军事训练伤的发生规律及保护/风险因素,有助于提高训练安全性和效果,并为军事训练伤的防治提供科学依据,因此是全球军事研究的重要关注点。目前的研究结果显示,营养缺乏是军事训练伤发生的13 个主要风险因素之一[3-4]。合理的营养调配可以增强运动表现和运动后恢复,当营养摄入不足时,运动能力会下降。一些营养物质的缺乏可能会通过降低机体耐力和/或肌肉功能,导致训练伤发生率增加[5-6]。
国际上军事训练伤研究多聚焦在平原地区,高原军事训练伤的发生规律以及影响因素还不十分明确。主要原因是,以往的研究受限于单一海拔、兵种或较小的样本数量,对高原军事训练伤的研究还不系统[7-10]。一般认为,冬季为高原部队训练伤最高发季节,骨与关节损伤是最常见的损伤类型,影响因素包括环境和气候条件恶劣、训练不科学和防护措施不到位等。高原地区部队由于低压低氧、寒冷干燥、物流受限等因素,部分食物种类的供应加工受限,导致官兵膳食中部分营养素摄入不足;高原缺氧环境在引起人食欲下降、进食减少的同时也导致机体消耗量增加,更容易发生营养素缺乏[11-12]。但是,营养缺乏和高原军事训练伤之间的关系尚无定论。最新的一项针对高原武警官兵的大样本的调查研究显示:摄入奶制品是骨密度的保护因素[13]。虽然骨密度降低和训练伤的相关性还有待进一步明确,但这项研究提示了在日常饮食中可能存在高原训练伤的风险/保护因素。
因此,本研究针对高原部队训练伤发生情况及日常饮食进行大规模调查分析,探究高原部队训练伤发生的规律特征及官兵日常饮食对训练伤的可能影响,为高原部队科学施训和卫勤保障提供理论支撑。
通过分层抽样方式,于2024年7月分别选取海拔1 500~<2 500、2 500~<3 500、3 500~<4 500以及4 500~5 500 m常驻高原部队官兵进行问卷调查。纳入标准:①驻高原时间>3个月;②在高原地区参加过军事训练。排除标准:无法独立完成调查问卷。本研究已通过陆军军医大学医学伦理委员会批准(2024第8-02号,批准日期:2024年6月11日)。
本研究采用横断面研究设计方案。结合高原部队实地调研情况和文献研究结果[7,14-15],自主设计“高原部队军事训练伤调查表”,分为基本信息、日常饮食、训练伤情况等3部分内容,共计30个问题。
由经过培训的调查人员组织研究对象填写。在填写前告知研究对象,该问卷信息将由专门的数据收集人员整理保存,会严格保密,与个人考评、薪酬等无关,消除研究对象的填写顾虑。问卷填写完成后现场收回,由调查人员进行复核检查。由专门的数据录入人员将问卷数据录入,并通过抽样复核确保录入数据的准确性。
采用SPSS 26.0软件对于数据进行统计分析。计量资料以x¯±s表示,采用t检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,采用χ2检验;采用多因素Logistics回归分析训练伤发生的危险因素。P<0.05视为差异有统计学意义。
研究最终纳入3 655份被试者问卷行数据分析。调查对象年龄(27.17±4.20)岁,军龄(6.15±4.99)年,义务兵1 367名(37.40%),军士1 997名(54.64%),军官291名(7.96%)。被试者中发生过训练伤的有653名,发病率17.87%。不同人员类别中,义务兵、军士和军官的训练伤发病率分别为15.95%、18.08%、25.43%。各兵种中,训练伤发病率最高的为特战类(49.44%)。在发生过训练伤的人群中,有224名(18.38%)发生过1次以上。
体能训练(45.94%)、战术训练(15.62%)和障碍训练(5.51%)为受伤较多的课目。在受伤地点方面,户外训练场(60.18%)受伤人数最多,其次为野外(13.78%)。冬季(31.39%)为训练伤高发季节,其次为夏季(27.41%)和春季(14.24%)。在官兵认为可能导致训练伤发生的原因中,过度疲劳(35.83%)、高原缺氧(29.25%)和既往伤病(26.03%)被认为是前三位的因素,其次是场地条件差(25.88%)、寒冷(24.66%)和灵活性/协调性不足(22.21%)。
如图1所示,腰(28.48%)、膝(22.21%)和踝部(18.07%)损伤发生率位居前三位,其次为肩(13.63%)、手(11.94%)、足(9.65%)、小腿(9.04%)和腕部(7.35%)。此外,冻伤(7.20%)和高原病(7.04%)也为常见疾病。在受伤类型上,扭伤(28.48%)发生率最高,其次为慢性疲劳性损伤(18.38%)和拉伤(12.25%)。
在伤情严重程度方面,轻度损伤(经休息或简单治疗,能够重返训练,且不影响训练水平及成绩)占52.07%,中度损伤(经住院等规范治疗,能够重返训练,训练成绩有所下降,但能够达到合格标准)占23.74%,重度(经住院等规范治疗,能够参与训练,但不能达到合格标准)和极重度损伤(经住院等规范治疗,不能够参与训练)分别占2.76%和0.77%,非分类占20.66%。在损伤症状中,疼痛(56.05%)为最常见症状,其次为肿胀(17.00%)、活动受限(16.85%)和关节不稳(13.17%)。
主要在基层卫生队/连(47.47%)就诊,其次为总医院(27.57%),未就诊的占4.59%。经过诊疗后,治愈和病情缓解的分别占41.81%和34.46%,但仍有部分人群认为治疗无效(3.83%)或经治疗后病情加重(0.46%)。在不同受伤部位中,膝部(65.51%)、腰部(65.05%)和肩部(57.30%)损伤的反复发作率较高。
高原部队官兵超过90%的人能够每天(≥1次/d)摄入蔬菜、米面和禽肉;每天摄入水果、蛋类、牛奶及乳制品的分别占总人数的84.7%、86.6%和82.4%。粗粮及薯类、豆制品类摄入相对较少,但大部分人可以做到每周摄入(1~6次/周)。而水产类和坚果类摄入偏低,每天摄入的人少于50%,而有31.1%的人很少吃(<1次/周)坚果。
为探究日常饮食对高原部队训练伤的潜在影响,将调查对象分为训练伤组(n=653)和对照组(n= 3 002)。2组在摄入水果、粗粮及薯类、蛋类、水产品、牛奶及乳制品、豆制品、坚果存在差异(P<0.05,表1)。以单因素分析得到的存在显著差异的因素(P<0.05)为自变量,以是否发生过训练伤为因变量,进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果显示,摄入水果(OR=0.625,95%CI:0.508~0.768,P<0.001)和坚果(OR=0.759,95%CI:0.654~0.879,P<0.001)与训练伤发生具有关联性,可能是高原训练伤的保护因素(表2)。
本研究对于3 655名高原地区官兵进行调查分析,发现在该群体中训练伤发生率为17.87%,略低于以往研究报道的水平,这可能得益于近年来我军加强了对高原部队的科学施训以及训练伤防治水平的提高[7,9,16]。但是,目前的训练伤发生率仍高于我军《军事训练伤健康保护规定》中要求8%的发生率上限。
从部位来看,腰(28.48%)、膝(22.21%)和踝部(18.07%)损伤发生率较高,与以往研究结论“腰背部及下肢是部队训练伤主要发生部位”相一致[9,17]。研究认为高原官兵的腰部损伤可能是受高原缺氧、寒冷潮湿等环境因素影响,导致腰背肌肉紧张和应力不当,腰背肌发生无菌性炎症,腰椎保护力度下降,从而导致损伤风险增加[18]。而膝关节、踝关节的损伤则与关节活动性大但稳定性不佳、训练负荷大导致疲劳累积、场地条件差以及训练和作战任务中需要进行较多的跳跃、下蹲、扭转动作等多种因素相关。另外,本研究的调查结果显示,膝(65.51%)、腰(65.05%)和肩部(57.30%)损伤较易反复发作。这些常见部位的损伤严重影响官兵身心健康和部队训练工作,成为部队非战斗减员的重要原因,造成了较大的医疗卫生负担。
从场地来看,在户外训练场(60.18%)受伤人数的最多。训练场地不合理是训练伤发生的影响因素之一,贾伟东等[19]针对新兵军事训练伤流行病学研究发现场地过硬或不平整为排名第3的致伤因素,占42.35%。高原地区自然环境恶劣,部队训练场地保障条件有限,体能训练多在户外场地进行,存在地面过硬及不平整、地势险峻坡道较多、保障器材不到位等问题,这些因素都会增加训练伤尤其是膝关节、踝关节的损伤风险。
在季节方面,高原部队训练伤在冬季(31.39%)最高发,这与张宇等[10]报道高原驻训部队训练伤发病的高峰期为1~3月和11~12月的结果一致。高原冬季气温可低至-30 ℃,冬季大风同时也会加剧体温丧失。低温不仅会引起肌肉黏滞性增加、肌力和肌群协调性降低、关节灵活性下降,还会影响神经系统,导致皮肤及肢端感觉性降低、神经肌肉控制能力下降,增加运动性损伤的风险[20]。同时,寒冷环境下人体会通过肌肉战栗等方式提高基础代谢率以维持核心体温,导致机体耗氧量增加、能量消耗增多,加重训练负荷和疲劳感[21]。
在针对高原部队的膳食营养调查中发现,高原部队普遍存在膳食结构不合理的情况,官兵机体缺乏多种营养素如维生素B2、维生素B6及钙、碘等[12,22]。此现象可能与高原部队受地域环境条件影响,新鲜水果、坚果等食物的供应、储存、加工受限有关。而当前我军尚无针对高原部队的食物和营养素供给量标准,高原部队目前主要是沿用平原标准,仅在能量供给量方面比平原部队有所提高。近年来随着高原地区练兵备战形势日益严峻,我军开始愈加重视特殊环境部队的膳食营养保障需求。2017年一项针对常驻高原官兵营养行为的研究发现仅有34.4%的官兵有每天吃水果的习惯,远远低于军标要求[22]。2020年针对海拔3 000 m陆军某部队36人的一项调查显示,畜肉、禽蛋、水果摄入量达到军用标准[11]。在本研究中,高原部队官兵中超过80%的人,能够每天摄入蔬菜、米面、禽肉、水果、蛋类、牛奶及乳制品等食物;粗粮及薯类、豆制品类的摄入相对较少,但大部分人可以做到每周摄入;而水产类和坚果类摄入偏低,每天摄入的人少于50%。表明近年来高原部队伙食保障水平有所改善、副食品种类与数量都有所提升,开始由“温饱型”向“营养型”转变,但水产类以及坚果的供应还有待提高。另外,高原缺氧环境导致的官兵食欲下降以及营养宣教不到位,部分官兵存在偏食、饮食结构不合理的现象。
本研究的分析结果显示,日常饮食中摄入水果和坚果可能是高原训练伤的保护因素。既往针对高原缺氧环境营养的研究发现,营养素补充有助于改善高原官兵的健康状况、认知能力和运动表现,动物实验也验证了营养干预可以提升慢性缺氧条件下动物的抗缺氧能力[23-24]。目前关于营养与训练伤的研究多关注于特定营养素,而对于天然食物的研究较少。而当前运动营养更推荐以“食物优先”的方式而非营养制剂进行补充,即在正常的饮食模式下食用全食物/天然食物,以满足膳食营养和训练恢复的需求[25-26]。印度国防营养研究部也发现:人体在适应高原之后并不需要通过营养制剂来补充维生素,并推荐通过摄入新鲜食物满足营养需求[27]。本研究首次提出高原训练伤可能与高原官兵的日常饮食存在关联性,为今后的高原训练伤防治研究提供新的思路。但本研究的局限性在于通过问卷调查来评估高原官兵的日常饮食习惯,无法精准反映研究对象摄入的食物量,从而导致低估或高估。今后的研究中,有必要进行更精细的膳食营养调查和随机对照实验,以明确水果和坚果的种类、摄入量等与训练伤的关联性。
对于水果和坚果在高原训练伤的保护作用的机制,本研究也进行了初步分析。新鲜水果中富含的碳水化合物及维生素等有助于延缓疲劳发生、抵抗氧化应激,对于改善高原适应和提高运动表现有重要作用;莓果类中的多酚类物质有助于减轻训练后肌肉酸痛和炎症、促进损伤后肌肉功能恢复[28-30]。坚果作为高营养密度食物,富含不饱和脂肪和优质植物蛋白、矿物质、生育酚、植物甾醇和酚类化合物等其他生物活性化合物[31]。大量体外、体内、临床和流行病学研究表明,摄入坚果具有广泛的健康益处,包括改善血糖和血脂代谢、调节肠道菌群,抗氧化、抗炎、改善认知等[32-33]。腰果、杏仁等坚果中的不饱和脂肪酸、类胡萝卜素等物质可能通过降低髓过氧化物酶水平、抑制中性粒细胞浸润和促炎因子释放等机制,改善高原缺氧引起的炎症反应和过氧化损伤,缓解运动后肌肉疼痛、减轻组织损伤[34-36]。这些研究结果提示,高原官兵在面临缺氧和训练的双重负荷时,水果和坚果的合理摄入有助于改善高原适应并促进疲劳恢复,可能对训练伤发生起到保护作用。
为减少因训练伤导致的非战斗减员、保障高原官兵身心健康、促进部队战斗力生成,结合本研究发现高原部队军事训练伤发生规律及影响因素,提出以下建议。
针对常见损伤部位进行针对性训练并采取适当的防护措施,如佩戴护踝或者进行平衡训练以预防踝关节扭伤[37]。实时监测官兵训练情况,定期进行针对性体检和损伤风险评估,及时发现预警症状。定期健康宣教和训练伤防护教育,提高官兵对于训练伤尤其是高发伤病的认识与理解,树立防伤意识,避免大意受伤或者带伤训练等情况发生。
如在训练展开前对于场地器材进行安全检查,尽量选择塑胶跑道或平整场地,减少因地面不平引起的踝关节扭伤等损伤。为减少因低温引发的训练损伤,可在冬季来临前开展冷环境适应性训练以增强人体适应能力;冬季大风、雨雪等极端天气时可选择在室内开展训练。
结合《军人营养素供给量》《军人食物定量》《军人营养膳食指导手册》科学制订食谱。应进一步加大供给力度,丰富食物种类,增加新鲜水果蔬菜以及坚果的供应,并加强对于官兵的健康营养宣教。相关部门应定期对高原部队官兵营养状况进行监测,评估膳食营养保障效果,发现问题后针对食谱进行及时调整。当日常饮食摄入不足,可适当应用复合营养制剂,促进官兵训练恢复和作业能力提升。
综上,本研究通过对于高原部队官兵军事训练伤和日常饮食情况进行大样本的问卷调查,系统分析高原部队军事训练伤的规律特点和日常饮食中的影响因素,为高原部队科学施训和精准卫勤保障提供参考。下一步需要加强对于高原军事训练伤的基础研究,研究宏量和微量营养素在预防训练伤或促进损伤恢复方面的可能益处,探究更加行之有效的训练伤防治措施。

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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411034
  • 接收时间:2024-11-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-01
  • 修回日期:2024-12-02
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):军事共同与部队管理教研室,重庆
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):基础医学院组织胚胎学教研室干细胞发育生物学实验室,重庆
    3西藏军区参谋部训练处,西藏 拉萨

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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