Article(id=1322210863491166451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322210840242139234, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411032, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730822400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-06, revisedDate=1741276800000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793169235346, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793169235346, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793169235346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793169235346, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322210840242139234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='629', pageEnd='748', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744646400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793169229803, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793325214855, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322865089049383299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322210840242139234, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322865089049383300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322210840242139234, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=681, endPage=690, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322210863747018996, articleId=1322210863491166451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Effects of combined hypoxia and irradiation on mouse bone marrow hematopoietic cells, columnId=1320435151990014650, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Military Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective‍

To determine the effects of hypoxia pre-treatment combined with radiation damage on the hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow of mice.

Methods‍

A total of 165 male C57BL/6 mice (10~12 weeks old, weighing 20~25 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups: normal control (Control, n=33), 6 Gy irradiation (6-Gy, n=43), 7 d hypoxia-6 Gy irradiation (Hy-7 d+6 Gy, n=43), 7 Gy irradiation (7 Gy, n=12), 7 d hypoxia-7 Gy irradiation (Hy-7 d+7 Gy, n=12), 7 Gy continuous hypoxia treatment (Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy, n=12), and 6 Gy continuous hypoxia treatment (Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy, n=10). The mice of the hypoxia treatment groups were given 7-day hypoxic pretreatment (12% oxygen) in a normobaric hypoxic chamber, while those of the other groups were housed in normoxic condition. After pretreatment, the mice of the irradiation groups were exposed to a single 6 or 7 Gy of whole-body 60Co γ-irradiation in normoxia. The mice of the hypoxia and irradiation groups were kept in hypoxic condition in 24 h post-irradiation followed by being resumed to normoxia, while those of the continuous hypoxia treatment groups were remained in hypoxia. After bone marrow cell suspensions were prepared from the Control, 6 Gy, and Hy-7 d+6 Gy groups, bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) were counted via automated cell counter. HE staining was employed to observe pathologic changes in medullary cavity, and flow cytometry was used to assess Lin-Sca1⁺c-Kit⁺ (LSK) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, myeloid progenitors (MPs), and mature T/B/myeloid cells. The mice of the 7 Gy, Hy-7 d+7 Gy, and Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy groups were monitored for 30-day survival after hypoxic pretreatment. The dynamic changes in the counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT), and hemoglobin (HGB) level were observed in the 6 Gy, Hy-7 d+6 Gy, and Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy groups with aid of a fully automatic blood analyzer. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on bone marrow cell suspension derived from the mice euthanized in 17 d after irradiation from the Control, 6 Gy, and Hy-7 d+6 Gy groups.

Results‍

①Compared to the Control group, the 6 Gy group showed significantly reduced BMNCs (P<0.01), dilated bone marrow sinusoids, and erythrocyte extravasation. The Hy-7 d+6 Gy group exhibited higher cellular density and attenuated BMNC loss than the 6 Gy group (P<0.01). ②Flow cytometry revealed less LSK, MP, and mature T/B/myeloid cells in the 6 Gy group than the Control group (P<0.05), and the reduced counts of LSK and MP were mitigated in the Hy-7 d+6 Gy group (P<0.01). ③The Hy-7 d+7 Gy group demonstrated improved 30-day survival than the 7 Gy group (P<0.01), while continuous hypoxia (Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy) failed to enhance the survival. No statistical difference was seen in the survival rate between the 2 groups (P=0.12), though the Hy-7 d+7 Gy group showing higher survival rate. ④Routine blood test revealed that the Hy-7 d+6 Gy group showed faster WBC recovery (vs the 6 Gy and Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy groups, P<0.05), higher pre-irradiation RBC/HGB levels, and accelerated PLT restoration (P<0.05). ⑤Single-cell RNA sequencing indicated that hypoxia pretreatment suppressed the numbers of long-term hematopoietic stem cells/short-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC/ST-HSC) depletion in the Hy-7 d+6 Gy group when compared with the 6 Gy group, which was consistent with the results of flow cytometry. Pseudotime trajectory aligned the Hy-7 d+6 Gy group, as the Control group, showed enriched undifferentiated LSKs. Differential gene analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that oxidative phosphorylation pathway was strongly activated in the 6 Gy group, while the Hy-7 d+6 Gy group had enriched in chromatin remodeling and mRNA surveillance pathways.

Conclusion‍

Hypoxic preconditioning alleviates radiation-induced bone marrow injury, and post-irradiation normoxia restoration promotes hematopoietic recovery in acute radiation-exposed mice.

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目的

探究高原低氧环境联合辐照损伤对小鼠骨髓造血细胞的影响。

方法

165只C57BL/6雄性小鼠(10~12周,体质量20~25 g)按随机数字表法进行分组:正常对照组(Control组,n=33)、6 Gy单纯辐照组(6 Gy组,n=43)、6 Gy低氧辐照组(Hy-7 d+6 Gy组,n=43),7 Gy单纯辐照组(7 Gy组,n=12)、7 Gy低氧辐照组(Hy-7 d+7 Gy组,n=12)、7 Gy持续低氧治疗组(Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组,n=12)、6 Gy持续低氧治疗组(Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy,n=10);Hy-7 d+6 Gy组、Hy-7 d+7 Gy组、Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组于常压低氧舱内进行7 d预处理(氧浓度12%),其余组小鼠在正常氧环境中饲养;6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组小鼠在低氧预处理结束后进行60CO γ射线全身一次性辐照6 Gy;7 Gy、Hy-7 d+7 Gy组、Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组小鼠在低氧预处理结束后进行60CO γ射线全身一次性辐照7 Gy;Control组、6 Gy组、7 Gy组小鼠全程正常氧环境饲养,Hy-7 d+7 Gy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠辐照损伤后继续低氧饲养24 h后恢复正常氧环境饲养,Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组小鼠辐照后持续低氧环境饲养。Control、6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠制备骨髓细胞悬液,采用全自动细胞计数仪计数小鼠骨髓有核细胞数量,采用HE染色观察小鼠骨髓腔病理形态改变,采用流式细胞术检测造血干/祖细胞(Lin- Sca1+ c-Kit+,LSK)、髓系祖细胞(myeloid progenitor,MP)以及成熟T/B髓系细胞数量;7 Gy、Hy-7 d+7 Gy、Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组小鼠从低氧预处理后开始持续监测30 d的生存率;6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组小鼠采取尾血,使用全自动血液分析仪检测红细胞(red blood cell,RBC)、白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)、血小板(platelet,PLT)等的动态变化;Control、6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠于辐照后17 d处死后获取骨髓细胞悬液并进行单细胞测序及分析。

结果

①与Control组相比,6 Gy组小鼠辐照后全骨髓有核细胞数量显著减少(P<0.01),HE染色显示骨髓血窦扩张明显、红细胞溢出;与6 Gy组比较,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠骨髓腔内细胞密度增加,有核细胞数减少程度明显减轻(P<0.01);②流式细胞术检测结果显示与Control组比较,6 Gy组骨髓LSK、MP与成熟T/B/髓系细胞数量均显著降低(P<0.05);与6 Gy组比较,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组单纯辐照造成的LSK、MP的数量减少能得到显著抑制(P<0.01);③与7 Gy组相比,Hy-7 d+7 Gy组经过低氧辐照后24 h复常氧治疗显著提高了小鼠生存率(P<0.01);与7 Gy组相比,Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组小鼠经持续低氧治疗未能显著改善小鼠生存率;Hy-7 d+7 Gy组与Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组之间的生存率差异虽未达到统计学显著性(P=0.12),但在整个观察周期内Hy-7 d+7 Gy组始终表现出存活数量优势;④血常规检测结果显示,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠较6 Gy组和Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组WBC水平得到更快的恢复(P<0.05);经低氧预处理后,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组和Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组辐照前RBC及HGB水平更高;而相比于6 Gy组及Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组PLT恢复更显著且迅速(P<0.05);⑤通过单细胞转录组数据分析进行细胞亚群比例推测,相比于6 Gy组Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠长期造血干细胞(long-term hematopoietic stem cell,LT-HSC)、短期造血干细胞(short-term hematopoietic stem cell,ST-HSC)数量减少得到抑制,与流式细胞术结果一致;拟时序分析显示,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠数据与Control组相似,表现出分化程度低且自我更新能力强的LSK较多;差异基因分析及KEGG通路富集表明,6 Gy组氧化磷酸化通路活跃度显著高于其他组,而Hy-7 d+6 Gy组则富集于染色质重塑和mRNA监视等通路。

结论

低氧预处理可减轻小鼠骨髓造血细胞放射损伤,辐照后恢复常氧治疗有助于急性放射损伤小鼠的骨髓造血功能重建。

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王军平,E-mail:
WANG Junping,E-mail:
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A:各组小鼠全骨髓有核细胞数量(n=3,x¯±s) a:P<0.01;B:HE染色检测骨髓腔形态病理切片

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a:P<0.01,b:P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=3Nmdv9ZMEk6fjnwvYYRZRA==, figureFileBig=gBi8KDYTcbLKCtVvbAc84g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322210881518285128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322210863491166451, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=58Fyg0xfFWIWYgnpvIXHKw==, figureFileBig=XxE1KDxRFARvNvkGdrW6xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322210881920938313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322210863491166451, language=CN, label=图3, caption=小鼠骨髓造血祖细胞亚群与T/B/髓系成熟细胞数量变化

a:P<0.01,b:P<0.05

, figureFileSmall=58Fyg0xfFWIWYgnpvIXHKw==, figureFileBig=XxE1KDxRFARvNvkGdrW6xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322210882063544650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322210863491166451, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=th7vVK/QIAUUi6f71YavgQ==, figureFileBig=9uj6VDojoBL8bnpAQ2k9QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322210882436837707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322210863491166451, language=CN, label=图4, caption=小鼠生存率变化(n=12,x¯±s)

a:P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=th7vVK/QIAUUi6f71YavgQ==, figureFileBig=9uj6VDojoBL8bnpAQ2k9QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322210882524918092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322210863491166451, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3rylDzqOMuuixZC4gn2g1g==, figureFileBig=e/SbeW6iQAY6IIByR3Qarg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322210882948542797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322210863491166451, language=CN, label=图5, caption=小鼠外周血WBC数量(A)、RBC数量(B)、HGB数值(C)和PLT数量(D)的动态变化(n=10,x¯±s)

a:P<0.01,b:P<0.05,与Hy-7 d+6 Gy组比较,c:P<0.01,与6 Gy组比较

, figureFileSmall=3rylDzqOMuuixZC4gn2g1g==, figureFileBig=e/SbeW6iQAY6IIByR3Qarg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322210883175035214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322210863491166451, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=T2NZkSAEnRUNN8ILDLzsQQ==, figureFileBig=JapOTDfXlWu1sjp0i1T8Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322210883288281423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322210863491166451, language=CN, label=图6, caption=单细胞转录组技术比较小鼠骨髓造血干细胞亚群数量及通路变化

A:不同样本骨髓LSK亚群数量变化;B:单细胞转录组样本tSNE图对比;C:不同样本拟时序分析可视化对比;D:不同样本拟时间分数密度曲线图;E:不同样本差异基因KEGG通路变化

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低氧联合辐照对小鼠骨髓造血细胞的影响作用研究
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杨欣海 , 陈芳 , 全勇 , 胡梦佳 , 芦玉凯 , 陈乃成 , 许杨 , 王崧 , 王军平
陆军军医大学学报 | 军事医学 2025,47(7): 681-690
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陆军军医大学学报 |军事医学 2025 , 47 (7) : 681 -690
低氧联合辐照对小鼠骨髓造血细胞的影响作用研究
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杨欣海, 陈芳, 全勇, 胡梦佳, 芦玉凯, 陈乃成, 许杨, 王崧, 王军平
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):军事预防医学系防原医学教研室,全军复合伤研究所,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室,重庆
通讯作者:
王军平,E-mail:
WANG Junping,E-mail:
Effects of combined hypoxia and irradiation on mouse bone marrow hematopoietic cells
Xinhai YANG, Fang CHEN, Yong QUAN, Mengjia HU, Yukai LU, Naicheng CHEN, Yang XU, Song WANG, Junping WANG
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Anti-Radiation Medicine,State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning,Institute of Combined Injury,Faculty of Military Preventive Medicine,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411032
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目的

探究高原低氧环境联合辐照损伤对小鼠骨髓造血细胞的影响。

方法

165只C57BL/6雄性小鼠(10~12周,体质量20~25 g)按随机数字表法进行分组:正常对照组(Control组,n=33)、6 Gy单纯辐照组(6 Gy组,n=43)、6 Gy低氧辐照组(Hy-7 d+6 Gy组,n=43),7 Gy单纯辐照组(7 Gy组,n=12)、7 Gy低氧辐照组(Hy-7 d+7 Gy组,n=12)、7 Gy持续低氧治疗组(Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组,n=12)、6 Gy持续低氧治疗组(Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy,n=10);Hy-7 d+6 Gy组、Hy-7 d+7 Gy组、Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组于常压低氧舱内进行7 d预处理(氧浓度12%),其余组小鼠在正常氧环境中饲养;6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组小鼠在低氧预处理结束后进行60CO γ射线全身一次性辐照6 Gy;7 Gy、Hy-7 d+7 Gy组、Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组小鼠在低氧预处理结束后进行60CO γ射线全身一次性辐照7 Gy;Control组、6 Gy组、7 Gy组小鼠全程正常氧环境饲养,Hy-7 d+7 Gy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠辐照损伤后继续低氧饲养24 h后恢复正常氧环境饲养,Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组小鼠辐照后持续低氧环境饲养。Control、6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠制备骨髓细胞悬液,采用全自动细胞计数仪计数小鼠骨髓有核细胞数量,采用HE染色观察小鼠骨髓腔病理形态改变,采用流式细胞术检测造血干/祖细胞(Lin- Sca1+ c-Kit+,LSK)、髓系祖细胞(myeloid progenitor,MP)以及成熟T/B髓系细胞数量;7 Gy、Hy-7 d+7 Gy、Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组小鼠从低氧预处理后开始持续监测30 d的生存率;6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组小鼠采取尾血,使用全自动血液分析仪检测红细胞(red blood cell,RBC)、白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)、血小板(platelet,PLT)等的动态变化;Control、6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠于辐照后17 d处死后获取骨髓细胞悬液并进行单细胞测序及分析。

结果

①与Control组相比,6 Gy组小鼠辐照后全骨髓有核细胞数量显著减少(P<0.01),HE染色显示骨髓血窦扩张明显、红细胞溢出;与6 Gy组比较,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠骨髓腔内细胞密度增加,有核细胞数减少程度明显减轻(P<0.01);②流式细胞术检测结果显示与Control组比较,6 Gy组骨髓LSK、MP与成熟T/B/髓系细胞数量均显著降低(P<0.05);与6 Gy组比较,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组单纯辐照造成的LSK、MP的数量减少能得到显著抑制(P<0.01);③与7 Gy组相比,Hy-7 d+7 Gy组经过低氧辐照后24 h复常氧治疗显著提高了小鼠生存率(P<0.01);与7 Gy组相比,Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组小鼠经持续低氧治疗未能显著改善小鼠生存率;Hy-7 d+7 Gy组与Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组之间的生存率差异虽未达到统计学显著性(P=0.12),但在整个观察周期内Hy-7 d+7 Gy组始终表现出存活数量优势;④血常规检测结果显示,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠较6 Gy组和Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组WBC水平得到更快的恢复(P<0.05);经低氧预处理后,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组和Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组辐照前RBC及HGB水平更高;而相比于6 Gy组及Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组PLT恢复更显著且迅速(P<0.05);⑤通过单细胞转录组数据分析进行细胞亚群比例推测,相比于6 Gy组Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠长期造血干细胞(long-term hematopoietic stem cell,LT-HSC)、短期造血干细胞(short-term hematopoietic stem cell,ST-HSC)数量减少得到抑制,与流式细胞术结果一致;拟时序分析显示,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠数据与Control组相似,表现出分化程度低且自我更新能力强的LSK较多;差异基因分析及KEGG通路富集表明,6 Gy组氧化磷酸化通路活跃度显著高于其他组,而Hy-7 d+6 Gy组则富集于染色质重塑和mRNA监视等通路。

结论

低氧预处理可减轻小鼠骨髓造血细胞放射损伤,辐照后恢复常氧治疗有助于急性放射损伤小鼠的骨髓造血功能重建。

低氧预处理  /  骨髓造血干/祖细胞  /  急性放射损伤  /  造血功能  /  单细胞转录组技术
Objective‍

To determine the effects of hypoxia pre-treatment combined with radiation damage on the hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow of mice.

Methods‍

A total of 165 male C57BL/6 mice (10~12 weeks old, weighing 20~25 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups: normal control (Control, n=33), 6 Gy irradiation (6-Gy, n=43), 7 d hypoxia-6 Gy irradiation (Hy-7 d+6 Gy, n=43), 7 Gy irradiation (7 Gy, n=12), 7 d hypoxia-7 Gy irradiation (Hy-7 d+7 Gy, n=12), 7 Gy continuous hypoxia treatment (Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy, n=12), and 6 Gy continuous hypoxia treatment (Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy, n=10). The mice of the hypoxia treatment groups were given 7-day hypoxic pretreatment (12% oxygen) in a normobaric hypoxic chamber, while those of the other groups were housed in normoxic condition. After pretreatment, the mice of the irradiation groups were exposed to a single 6 or 7 Gy of whole-body 60Co γ-irradiation in normoxia. The mice of the hypoxia and irradiation groups were kept in hypoxic condition in 24 h post-irradiation followed by being resumed to normoxia, while those of the continuous hypoxia treatment groups were remained in hypoxia. After bone marrow cell suspensions were prepared from the Control, 6 Gy, and Hy-7 d+6 Gy groups, bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) were counted via automated cell counter. HE staining was employed to observe pathologic changes in medullary cavity, and flow cytometry was used to assess Lin-Sca1⁺c-Kit⁺ (LSK) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, myeloid progenitors (MPs), and mature T/B/myeloid cells. The mice of the 7 Gy, Hy-7 d+7 Gy, and Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy groups were monitored for 30-day survival after hypoxic pretreatment. The dynamic changes in the counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT), and hemoglobin (HGB) level were observed in the 6 Gy, Hy-7 d+6 Gy, and Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy groups with aid of a fully automatic blood analyzer. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on bone marrow cell suspension derived from the mice euthanized in 17 d after irradiation from the Control, 6 Gy, and Hy-7 d+6 Gy groups.

Results‍

①Compared to the Control group, the 6 Gy group showed significantly reduced BMNCs (P<0.01), dilated bone marrow sinusoids, and erythrocyte extravasation. The Hy-7 d+6 Gy group exhibited higher cellular density and attenuated BMNC loss than the 6 Gy group (P<0.01). ②Flow cytometry revealed less LSK, MP, and mature T/B/myeloid cells in the 6 Gy group than the Control group (P<0.05), and the reduced counts of LSK and MP were mitigated in the Hy-7 d+6 Gy group (P<0.01). ③The Hy-7 d+7 Gy group demonstrated improved 30-day survival than the 7 Gy group (P<0.01), while continuous hypoxia (Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy) failed to enhance the survival. No statistical difference was seen in the survival rate between the 2 groups (P=0.12), though the Hy-7 d+7 Gy group showing higher survival rate. ④Routine blood test revealed that the Hy-7 d+6 Gy group showed faster WBC recovery (vs the 6 Gy and Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy groups, P<0.05), higher pre-irradiation RBC/HGB levels, and accelerated PLT restoration (P<0.05). ⑤Single-cell RNA sequencing indicated that hypoxia pretreatment suppressed the numbers of long-term hematopoietic stem cells/short-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC/ST-HSC) depletion in the Hy-7 d+6 Gy group when compared with the 6 Gy group, which was consistent with the results of flow cytometry. Pseudotime trajectory aligned the Hy-7 d+6 Gy group, as the Control group, showed enriched undifferentiated LSKs. Differential gene analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that oxidative phosphorylation pathway was strongly activated in the 6 Gy group, while the Hy-7 d+6 Gy group had enriched in chromatin remodeling and mRNA surveillance pathways.

Conclusion‍

Hypoxic preconditioning alleviates radiation-induced bone marrow injury, and post-irradiation normoxia restoration promotes hematopoietic recovery in acute radiation-exposed mice.

hypoxic preconditioning  /  hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells  /  acute radiation injury  /  hematopoietic function  /  single-cell transcriptome technology
杨欣海, 陈芳, 全勇, 胡梦佳, 芦玉凯, 陈乃成, 许杨, 王崧, 王军平. 低氧联合辐照对小鼠骨髓造血细胞的影响作用研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (7) : 681 -690 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411032
Xinhai YANG, Fang CHEN, Yong QUAN, Mengjia HU, Yukai LU, Naicheng CHEN, Yang XU, Song WANG, Junping WANG. Effects of combined hypoxia and irradiation on mouse bone marrow hematopoietic cells[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (7) : 681 -690 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411032
随着我国科技和能源需求的提升,核能及核技术的应用得到了前所未有的重视,然而其伴随的电离辐射风险不容忽视。骨髓作为电离辐射的重要靶器官,在其遭受大剂量照射时,造血干细胞的自我更新能力及其多向分化机制明显失调,最终导致造血功能衰竭,主要表现为全血细胞迅速减少,继而引发贫血、感染甚至死亡[1-2]。我国幅员辽阔,海拔3 000 m以上高原地区占全国面积的1/6,随着工商业及旅游资源的开发,逐渐成为我国未来经济发展的重要区域。缺氧作为高原低氧环境下最为重要的生理和病理学状态,参与了如高原反应、高原肺水肿及休克等多种高原疾病的发展。在高原缺氧环境下,骨髓受到放射损伤的效应更加复杂,且救治难度显著增加。因此,探讨缺氧环境对骨髓造血损伤的调控机制及开发临床救治新方法,具有重要的理论价值和实际应用前景。本研究利用低氧舱模拟高原低氧特殊环境,建立了低氧预处理小鼠骨髓造血细胞放射损伤模型,观察低氧复合放射损伤对小鼠骨髓造血干/祖细胞增殖和分化的影响作用,以期为高原居民与工作人员的放射损伤救治提供实验依据。
本课题组联合重庆国科诚远环境科技研发了能自动控制氧浓度的动物常压低氧饲养舱,该设备能持续稳定地提供实验所需氧气且避免舱内污染气体聚集,创造出满足实验需求的良好环境[3]。
健康C57BL/6雄性小鼠(10~12周,体质量20~25 g),购自重庆莱彼特生物科技有限公司,常规饲养于陆军军医大学全军复合伤研究所SPF动物房,饮用水经高压蒸汽灭菌,垫料及饲料经严格消毒处理,自由饮水、进食。动物实验研究经过陆军军医大学实验动物福利伦理审查委员会批准(AMUWEC20250016)。
本实验采用拥有自主知识产权的小动物低氧模拟舱,低氧浓度控制在(12.0±0.1)%(模拟海拔4 000 m高原环境),小鼠低氧预处理7 d后血常规指标与低压低氧动物实验舱小鼠相关报道基本一致[3-4]。低氧舱内放置活性炭并定期更换,用于吸附小鼠产生的氨气和二氧化碳,使舱内除氧浓度外其余条件与外界环境一致,保证实验的准确性。小鼠在低氧舱内常规饲养,自由进食和饮水;小鼠辐照损伤模型于陆军军医大学辐照中心采用60Co γ射线全身一次性照射构建(剂量率约为90 cGy/min)。
流式细胞分析仪FACSVerse购自美国BD Biosciences公司;Countess Ⅱ FL全自动细胞计数仪购自美国Invitrogen公司;全自动血液分析仪Sysmex XT-2000i购自日本Sysmex公司;红细胞裂解液购自北京天根生物科技有限公司;RPMI 1640培养基购自美国HyClone公司;流式检测及分选标记抗体Lineage(#88-7770-72)、c-Kit(#47-1171-82)、Sca1(#45-5981-82)、CD34(#50-0341-82)、CD135(#17-1351-82)、CD127(#12-1271-82)、CD16/32(#14-0161-82)、B220(#12-0452-82)、Gr-1(#11-5931-82)、CD11b(#45-0112-82)、CD3e(#47-0031-82)均购自美国eBioscience公司;血细胞稀释液购自日本Sysmex公司;单细胞转录组试剂盒购自美国10x Genomics公司。
使用随机数字表法将165只C57BL/6雄性小鼠分为:正常对照组(Control组,n=33)、6 Gy单纯辐照组(6 Gy组,n=43)、6 Gy低氧辐照组(Hy-7 d+6 Gy组,n=43)、7 Gy单纯辐照组(7 Gy组,n=12)、7 Gy低氧辐照组(Hy-7 d+7 Gy组,n=12)、7 Gy持续低氧治疗组(Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组,n=12)、6 Gy持续低氧治疗组(Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy,n=10);Hy-7 d+6 Gy组、Hy-7 d+7 Gy组、Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组于常压低氧舱内进行7 d预处理,其余组小鼠在正常氧环境中饲养;Hy-7 d+6 Gy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组小鼠在低氧预处理结束后同6 Gy组小鼠一起进行60CO γ射线全身一次性辐照6 Gy;Hy-7 d+7 Gy组、Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组小鼠在低氧预处理结束后同7 Gy组小鼠一起进行60CO γ射线全身一次性辐照7 Gy;Control组、6 Gy组、7 Gy组小鼠全程正常氧环境饲养,Hy-7 d+7 Gy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠辐照损伤后继续低氧饲养24 h后恢复正常氧环境饲养,Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组小鼠辐照后持续低氧环境饲养。Control组、6 Gy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠用于骨髓有核细胞计数、骨髓HE染色和流式细胞术检测小鼠造血细胞表面标志实验;7 Gy组、Hy-7 d+7 Gy组、Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组用于进行生存率观察;6 Gy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组用于血常规检测实验;Control组、6 Gy组、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组用于单细胞转录组数据获取与分析。
Control、6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠各取3只在辐照后第17天使用1%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉后颈椎脱位快速处死,分离股骨及胫骨,取一侧股骨用作HE染色病理分析,其余组织用RPMI 1640培养基冲洗获取骨髓细胞悬液。将细胞悬液转移至离心管,加入红细胞裂解液室温裂解3 min,PBS洗涤重悬。取重悬后的细胞悬液使用Counteness Ⅱ FL全自动细胞计数仪进行有核细胞计数。
股骨取材如1.6所述,股骨于10%多聚甲醛中固定2 d,经过脱水、脱钙、包埋、脱蜡、乙醇梯度脱水、HE常规染色等过程,封片后于显微镜下观察骨髓病理情况并照相。
Control、6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠各取10只经1%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉后颈椎脱位法快速处死,分离小鼠股骨和胫骨,RPMI 1640培养基反复冲洗骨髓腔,过滤细胞,使用红细胞裂解液裂解红细胞,PBS洗涤重悬,取2×106~3×106个骨髓单细胞,分别加入以下表面标志抗体:Lineage(1∶10)、c-Kit(1∶100)、Sca1(1∶100)、CD34(1∶50)、CD135(1∶50)、CD127(1∶100)、CD16/32(1∶50)、B220(1∶100)、Gr-1(1∶200)、CD11b(1∶100)、CD3e(1∶100)。使用FlowJo10软件分析数据,其中各细胞亚群包括造血干/祖细胞(Lin- Sca1+ c-Kit+,LSK)、髓系祖细胞(myeloid progenitor,MP),长期造血干细胞(long-term hematopoietic stem cell,LT-HSC)、短期造血干细胞(short-term hematopoietic stem cell,ST-HSC)、多能祖细胞(multipotent progenitor,MPP)、共同髓系祖细胞(common myeloid progenitor,CMP)、粒单系祖细胞(granulocyte monocyte progenitor,GMP)、共同淋巴祖细胞(common lymphoid progenitor,CLP)、巨核-红系祖细胞(megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor,MEP)、T细胞、B细胞及成熟髓系细胞的门控策略参照文献[5]进行。
对小鼠进行7 Gy致死剂量辐照并通过持续30 d观察,分析低氧预处理对辐照损伤小鼠生存率的影响,并进一步比较辐照后恢复常氧治疗与持续低氧干预的生存率差异。
6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组小鼠取10只分别于低氧预处理第0天(即起始日)至低氧预处理后第35天(辐照后第28天)间隔3 d采取各组小鼠的尾血10 μL,与血细胞稀释液130 μL混合,于全自动血液分析仪(Sysmex XT-2000i)上进行检测,主要分析红细胞(red blood cell,RBC)、白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)、血小板(platelet,PLT)等的动态变化。
Control、6 Gy、Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠各取20只于辐照处理后第17 天,经1%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉后通过颈椎脱位法快速处死,分离股骨与胫骨,使用RPMI 1640培养基冲洗骨髓腔获取样本,经红细胞裂解液裂解后制备骨髓单细胞悬液。LSK细胞亚群的流式分选使用流式细胞分选仪完成,分选抗体组合与门控策略同1.8流式细胞术检测实验;采用10X Genomics 3’端试剂盒构建标准文库,并在Illumina测序平台上进行高通量测序,获得高质量转录组数据。原始数据通过Seurat v 5.0软件包进行标准预处理,使用Harmony软件整合不同样本的数据,消除批次效应,确保数据可比性。细胞亚群的注释基于已公开发表的参考单细胞转录组数据集[6],采用标签转移方法进行细胞亚群注释,利用Seurat对各实验组间的细胞亚群数量进行定量比较和可视化分析,对注释分群完成的数据集使用Monocle3软件[7]进行拟时序分析,使用ClusterProfiler软件对差异表达基因进行京都基因与基因组百科全书通路(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析,以揭示低氧预处理在辐照损伤后的分子调控机制及相关生物学通路[8-10]。
每个实验重复3次,用R 4.4.2软件处理数据并进行统计学分析。两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较使用单因素方差分析,事后多重比较使用Tukey检验。符合正态分布的计量数据均用x¯±s表示,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
骨髓有核细胞计数实验显示,与Control组比较,6 Gy组小鼠全骨髓有核细胞数量显著减少,符合骨髓放射损伤特点;与6 Gy组比较,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠全骨髓有核细胞数量下降显著减轻(P<0.01,图1A)。骨髓病理切片HE染色结果显示,与Control组比较,6 Gy组小鼠骨髓血窦扩张明显,红细胞溢出以及腔内有核细胞数量明显减少;与6 Gy组相比,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠损伤程度均明显减轻(图1B)。结果提示,低氧预处理对急性放射损伤小鼠骨髓细胞可能具有保护作用。
小鼠骨髓流式细胞术检测显示,与Control组相比,接受6 Gy辐照的小鼠LSK数量明显下降;相较于6 Gy组,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组LSK和MP的数量显著增加(P<0.01,图2A、B)。对LT-HSC、ST-HSC、MPP的检测结果显示,与Control组相比,6 Gy组小鼠其LSK各亚群数量显著下降(P<0.05)。相比于6 Gy组,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组不仅显著抑制了MPP数量的减少,其中LT-HSC、ST-HSC数量甚至超过Control组(图2C)。提示低氧条件能够改善急性放射损伤引起的小鼠造血干/祖细胞数量减少,保护造血干/祖细胞功能。
前面结果已明确Hy-7 d+6 Gy组LSK亚群数量显著高于6 Gy组,提示造血祖细胞可能存在一定变化。通过流式细胞术检测发现,与Control组比较,6 Gy组小鼠经辐照处理后其骨髓CMP、GMP、CLP、MEP数量明显下降(P<0.05,图3A),T细胞、B细胞及髓系细胞数量显著降低(P<0.05,图3B),表明电离辐射会影响造血干/祖细胞的分化过程;与6 Gy组相比,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠的祖细胞及B细胞、髓系细胞数量均显著升高(P<0.05),结合LSK及亚群数量变化,提示缺氧预处理可能有利于急性放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血功能恢复。
上述结果提示,低氧预处理从整体效应上可促进急性放射损伤小鼠造血恢复,对损伤小鼠有明显的保护作用,那么高原人群在接受电离辐射后是留在高原环境还是复常氧治疗,值得进一步探讨。采用7 Gy辐照剂量建立低氧放射致死损伤小鼠模型并检测其生存率。结果提示与7 Gy组比较,Hy-7 d+7 Gy组的小鼠的30 d生存率显著提高(P<0.01)。尽管Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组与Hy-7 d+7 Gy组之间的生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.12),但是Hy-7 d+7 Gy组有较多的最终存活数量,且在观察中始终表现出存活数量的优势。此外Hy-7 d+7 Gy+Hy组与7 Gy组之间的生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.19),提示持续低氧治疗未能显著影响辐照后小鼠的生存率(图4)。
血常规检测结果显示,各组小鼠在放射损伤第3天时(低氧第10天)WBC水平显著降低,之后开始逐渐恢复,与6 Gy组及Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组比较,辐照后Hy-7 d+6 Gy组WBC恢复更快(P<0.05);与6 Gy组相比,经低氧预处理后Hy-7 d+6 Gy组及Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组小鼠RBC与HGB水平明显升高(P<0.01),经辐照后,各组小鼠RBC与HGB值持续降低至第21天达到最低值,此后逐渐回升,而辐照后Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组RBC与HGB值一直高于Hy-7 d+6 Gy组;在放射损伤第10天(低氧第17天),PLT水平降到最低,放射损伤第12天(低氧第19天)时开始恢复,和6 Gy组及Hy-7 d+6 Gy+Hy组比较,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组PLT恢复更显著且迅速(P<0.05),且PLT恢复时间和速度明显加快。结果表明低氧辐照后24 h恢复常氧治疗可能促进了小鼠外周血恢复(图5)。
单细胞转录组分析结果显示,辐照后6 Gy组LT-HSC及ST-HSC数量与Control组相比明显降低,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组与Control组相比,LT-HSC及ST-HSC亚群数量无明显下降趋势(图6A、B);使用Monocle3软件进行了拟时序分析结果显示,在6 Gy组小鼠LSK中,分化程度低且自我更新能力强的细胞数量显著减少,而分化程度高且自我更新能力弱的细胞数量显著增加;相比之下,Hy-7 d+6 Gy组小鼠的数据与Control组相似,表现出分化程度低且自我更新能力强的LSK较多(图6C、D)。这表明低氧条件有助于维持LSK的自我更新能力和分化潜能,从而有效保护LSK,避免其因辐照损伤而过度消耗。差异基因分析及KEGG通路富集表明,6 Gy组氧化磷酸化通路活跃度显著高于其他组,而Hy-7 d+6 Gy组则富集于染色质重塑和mRNA监视等通路(图6E)。
随着核技术在能源、工业、医疗等领域的应用越来越广泛,高原居民面临的电离辐射暴露及放射损伤风险不断上升。此外低氧环境使居民长期处于缺氧状态,而缺氧条件下的放射损伤效应尚不明确,缺乏针对性的防治手段。因此研究高原低氧环境对骨髓放射损伤的影响及其相关机制,对于制定该特殊环境下的放射损伤临床救治方案具有重要参考价值。
骨髓是辐照敏感器官,一定剂量电离辐射即可出现造血功能下降,引起感染、出血甚至死亡。骨髓造血细胞的损伤程度以及恢复情况是造血功能重建的关键。缺氧和放射损伤的关系一直以来备受关注,既往研究主要集中在肿瘤放疗以及细胞和分子对缺氧的反应性方面[11-13],高原低氧环境对急性放射损伤的整体效应及对LSK的具体影响尚未充分阐明。本项目组利用联合研发的低氧舱设备,将能够构建相应小鼠低氧辐照损伤模型开展研究。前期研究发现,将小鼠暴露于低氧舱内0~28 d,发现红细胞、血红蛋白不断增高的同时,骨髓LSK的比例和数量在缺氧后第7天即有明显增加,第14天时达到最高值,第28天恢复正常[14],提示第7天可能是急性缺氧反应的关键时间节点,根据既往研究,选择6 Gy亚致死剂量[15]及7 Gy致死剂量[16]构建模型,分别观察损伤与修复全过程变化以及生存率。本研究在缺氧预处理后进行6 Gy照射,发现小鼠单纯辐照后全骨髓有核细胞数量减少,LSK数量显著降低,尤其是多能祖细胞MPP下降非常明显,据研究发现LT-HSC具有很强的自我更新能力,能够维持终身造血,并向ST-HSC和MPP分化,ST-HSC的自我更新能力稍弱,而MPP增殖活跃,但几乎没有自我更新能力[17-18],这提示增殖活跃的祖细胞对辐照极为敏感[19-20]。MPP可以继续向下分化为各谱系祖细胞及成熟造血细胞,同时骨髓内残留的LSK通过增殖分化去补充受损的造血系统并进一步促进放射损伤后的造血功能恢复[21-22],在实验中与单纯辐照组相比,低氧辐照组小鼠的LSK、CMP、GMP、MEP及B细胞、髓系细胞数量均有不同程度的升高。由于LSK亚群数量同时得到了改善,因此造血祖细胞及成熟细胞数量的升高并未导致LSK的耗竭或过度消耗。表明缺氧预处理可能通过保护LSK并促进急性放射损伤小鼠各系祖细胞的恢复,进而改善小鼠骨髓造血功能,HE染色结果也显示低氧预处理可能对急性放射损伤小鼠骨髓细胞具有保护作用。本实验中Hy-7 d+6 Gy组LT-HSC数量甚至超过Control组,可能与缺氧能特异性诱导LT-HSC中缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha,HIF-1α)表达有关,据报道,HIF-1α主要在LT-HSC中表达,且稳定HIF-1α水平可加速辐照损伤后的造血恢复[23];小鼠在缺氧适应后,通过竞争性骨髓移植实验发现其长期造血重建能力增加,与HIF-1α维持细胞周期静止密切相关[24],进一步印证了本研究的结论。已知电离辐射可以使机体产生大量活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS),破坏生物膜结构,促进细胞凋亡,致使LSK发生氧化应激损伤[25-26]。LSK存在于低氧的微环境中,它对各种类型氧非常敏感[27-28],而在低氧条件下ROS生成减少,致使其对电离辐射的敏感性降低。
近年来高速发展的单细胞转录组测序技术通过高分辨率解析细胞异质性和重建发育轨迹,为造血系统研究提供了全新视角[29],研究构建了各组LSK单细胞数据进一步验证了辐照对LSK亚群数量的影响以及低氧预处理对损伤的改善作用,KEGG通路富集表明低氧预处理能够减轻辐照后的氧化应激反应,并在分子水平上调控修复过程,从而有效保护骨髓造血功能。拟时序轨迹分析进一步揭示低氧预处理可能通过保护LSK自我更新及分化潜能来减轻放射损伤,本实验只是从骨髓造血细胞恢复的层面初步观察了低氧辐照对放射损伤小鼠造血功能的保护作用,其中复杂的内在机制,还有待进一步研究,可能与低氧环境中ROS生成减少相关。
上述结果提示缺氧预处理从整体效应上能减轻急性放射小鼠的骨髓损伤,但后续治疗是继续留在高原环境还是恢复常氧,值得深入探讨。本研究通过建立低氧复合放射致死损伤模型发现低氧辐照后24 h复常氧治疗显著提高了小鼠的生存率,这一结果与先前研究一致[30],支持了复常氧在放射治疗中的保护作用。复常氧可能通过减少氧化应激、促进组织修复以及增强免疫反应来改善生存率。然而,持续低氧治疗组未能显著改善生存率,甚至可能因持续低氧诱导的应激反应而影响生存。尽管复常氧组在生存率上优于持续低氧组,但这一差异无统计学意义(P=0.12),可能是由于样本量不足导致的统计功效不足。因此,未来研究应增加样本量,血常规结果也提示置于常氧治疗可能促进了外周血的恢复。根据血常规的结果,发现在白细胞恢复阶段中,缺氧可能发挥抑制作用;红细胞、血红蛋白符合缺氧的症状,持续缺氧会导致其数量持续增多,这对高原地区患有红细胞增多症患者极为不利;而且缺氧会导致PLT数量降低,缺氧本身对PLT的恢复有抑制作用。因此低氧辐照后置于常氧治疗可能更利于放射损伤恢复。
综上所述,本研究明确了预缺氧处理能显著减轻急性辐照小鼠LSK损伤,并发现低氧辐照后置于常氧治疗显著提高了小鼠生存率且更利于其血常规的恢复。我国高原人群常年接受电离辐射,该研究为高原人群放射损伤救治提供了新的实验依据。

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2025年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202411032
  • 接收时间:2024-11-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-06
  • 修回日期:2025-03-07
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):军事预防医学系防原医学教研室,全军复合伤研究所,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室,重庆

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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