Article(id=1322934509141885145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934508630180057, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719849600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-02, revisedDate=1730908800000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341765913, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1738166400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341765913, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341765913, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341765913, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934508630180057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='101', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1738166400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341765792, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341765792, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=101, endPage=111, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934509355794650, articleId=1322934509141885145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Dexmedetomidine pretreatment enhances protective effect efficacy of pericytes agaist acute lung injury in septic mice, columnId=1320434418116837551, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Basic Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

‍To investigate the effect and mechanism of dexmedetomidine (Dex) pretreated pericytes (Dex-PCs) on acute lung injury (ALI) in septic mice.

Methods‍

Mouse model of sepsis-ALI was established with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 10 mg/kg. A total of 96 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham operation (Sham) group,ALI group,PC treatment group and Dex-PCs treatment group. The mice of the PCs and Dex-PCs groups received a tail venous injection of 5×105 PC cells,respectively,whereas those of the Sham and ALI groups received equal volume of normal saline. Flow cytometry,immunofluorescence assay,whole-body volume tracing system and ELISA were used to observe the changes in the colonization of PCs,pulmonary vascular permeability,lung function,serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels,as well as the survival rate and survival time of mice at 72 h after LPS stimulation. After PCs and Dex-PCs were exposed to 10 μg/mL LPS,the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured.

Results

‍Compared with the Sham group,the ALI group had increased permeability of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells,extensive extravasation of Evans blue,severely destructed of lung tissue structure and massive inflammatory cell infiltration,higher lung wet/dry weight ratio,elevated serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels,and declined lung function,and no mice survived for 72 h after modeling (P<0.05). Both PC cell treatment effectively alleviated the pulmonary vascular endothelial leakage,reduced Evans blue content per unit tissue,improved lung pathological structure,lung function and inflammatory responses,and significantly improved the survival rates in the PC group and the Dex-PC group (P<0.05). What’s more,the therapeutic effect of Dex-PC cells was significantly better than that of the PC cells (P<0.05). LPS stimulation induced ROS accumulation greatly in PCs,but no such effect was observed in the PCs after Dex pretreatment (P<0.05).

Conclusion

‍Dex pretreatment significantly enhances PCs’ protective effect on pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier functions in septic mice,which may be due to its enhancing anti-oxidative capacity of PCs.

, authors=Xi LUO1, Zisen ZHANG2, Ao YANG2, Liangming LIU2, Tao LI2, Yi HU1, authorsList=Xi LUO, Zisen ZHANG, Ao YANG, Liangming LIU, Tao LI, Yi HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yi HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934513533321450, articleId=1322934509141885145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=右美托咪定预处理周细胞增强细胞治疗对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用, columnId=1322185528879993170, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=基础医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)预处理的周细胞对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)的影响及其作用机制。

方法

采用腹腔内注射脂多糖(LPS) 10 mg/kg复制脓毒症小鼠模型。96只C57BL/6小鼠按照随机数字表法分为假手术(Sham)组、急性肺损伤(ALI)组、周细胞治疗(PC)组、右美托咪定(1 μmol/L)预处理后周细胞治疗(Dex-PC)组。PC组、Dex-PC组尾静脉内分别给予PC和Dex-PC(5×105个/只),Sham组和ALI组尾静脉内给予等量生理盐水作为对照。采用流式细胞术、免疫荧光、全身体积描记系统、ELISA等方法,观察PC定植数量、肺血管通透性和肺功能的变化、血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量,以及72 h小鼠存活率和存活时间。体外使用LPS(10 μg/mL)刺激PC和Dex-PC,观察周细胞胞内ROS含量的变化。

结果

与Sham组比较,ALI组小鼠肺血管内皮细胞通透性增加,伊文思蓝大量外渗,肺组织结构严重破坏并伴随大量炎性细胞浸润,肺湿/干质量比和血清中TNF-α和IL-6表达显著升高,肺功能显著下降,且72 h无小鼠存活(P<0.05);细胞治疗后,PC组和Dex-PC组均可有效改善肺血管内皮渗漏、单位组织伊文思蓝含量、肺病理结构、肺功能以及炎症反应,明显提高存活率(P<0.05),其中Dex-PC组的治疗效果明显优于PC组(P<0.05)。LPS刺激PC后,ROS大量蓄积,而Dex预处理能显著抵抗LPS引起的ROS蓄积(P<0.05)。

结论

右美托咪定预处理周细胞后可显著增强其对脓毒症小鼠肺血管内皮屏障功能的保护作用,其作用机制可能是其增强了周细胞抗氧化应激能力。

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胡 弋,E-mail:
HU Yi,E-mail:
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Neurotox Res,2019,35(1):139-149., articleTitle=Dexmedetomidine protects against chemical hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells via inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2-mediated oxidative stress, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322934514443485419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934514451874028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, companyId=1322934514443485419, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Anesthesiology, Department of War Wound Shock and Transfusion,Army Medical Center of PLA/Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934514460262637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, companyId=1322934514443485419, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)麻醉科,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322934514724503790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934514732892399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, companyId=1322934514724503790, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of War Wound Shock and Transfusion,Army Medical Center of PLA/Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934514741281008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, companyId=1322934514724503790, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)野战外科研究部战伤休克与输血研究室,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322934518784590106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WVcDB0/YcTfVQr9YUgNYkw==, figureFileBig=RgogQAzizhojfsBm24Pw2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934518881059099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, language=CN, label=图1, caption=细胞和动物实验操作的时间轴示意图, figureFileSmall=WVcDB0/YcTfVQr9YUgNYkw==, figureFileBig=RgogQAzizhojfsBm24Pw2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934519061414173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HcTix6SYSmL+3kcVSLc2/A==, figureFileBig=YI8YhrxMZyczzYbh3YfeOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934519141105950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, language=CN, label=图2, caption=流式和免疫荧光检测周细胞表面标志物表达

A:流式细胞术鉴定周细胞;B:免疫荧光鉴定周细胞

, figureFileSmall=HcTix6SYSmL+3kcVSLc2/A==, figureFileBig=YI8YhrxMZyczzYbh3YfeOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934519212409119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=K1WHl8WoMxfJR7r2u+psoA==, figureFileBig=Ym05e4hP2z5dJlxZlhL1eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934519292100896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Dex预处理对周细胞抗氧化应激的影响 (n=8,x¯±s)

A:免疫荧光检测ROS;B:各组相对荧光强度统计;a:P<0.05,与Ctl组比较;b:P<0.05,与LPS组比较

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A:流式细胞仪检测肺部周细胞定植;B:各组周细胞定值数量统计(n=3,x¯±s);C:免疫荧光检测肺部周细胞定植;a:P<0.05,与PC组比较

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A:肺湿/干质量比;B:肺EB染色观察;C:各组EB含量统计

, figureFileSmall=Rvvj2bAJv5jE/9VkYZwxiA==, figureFileBig=xqFaWeCm+RRZjstvmbVgsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934521259229480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dGt4ho6rttTet77GfD3iWA==, figureFileBig=FHMIiHB/f3ApG1Jspds53w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934521334726953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Dex预处理周细胞对脓毒症小鼠肺组织结构的影响

A:肺病理结构变化(HE);B:肺部病理评分(n=8,x¯±s);a:P<0.05,与Sham组比较;b:P<0.05,与ALI组比较;c:P<0.05,与PC组比较

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A、B:血清中TNF-α和IL-6表达水平(n=8);C:72 h存活率(n=16);D:72 h存活时间(n=16);a:P<0.05,与Sham组比较;b:P<0.05,与ALI组比较;c:P<0.05,与PC组比较

, figureFileSmall=1UddD1gsnrI4Ke1i2j/kaQ==, figureFileBig=ooDGD/Symkru2V4/ap7nDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934521536053548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Sham组ALI组PC组Dex-PC组
F/(N/min)332.41±9.29201.37±11.21a220.51±14.76b256.57±16.95c
VT/mL0.17±0.020.02±0.00 a0.09±0.01 b0.11±0.01 c
PIF/(mL/s)7.84±0.410.23±0.01 a0.95±0.21 b1.36±0.26 c
PEF/(mL/s)8.53±0.630.45±0.09 a2.98±0.44 b3.42±0.52
TI/s0.08±0.010.14±0.01 a0.18±0.02 b0.20±0.02 c
EF50%/(mL/s)3.40±0.340.40±0.03 a1.46±0.26 b2.05±0.37 c
TR/s0.06±0.000.07±0.00 a0.07±0.000.06±0.00 c
), ArticleFig(id=1322934521615745327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934509141885145, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

细胞治疗对脓毒症小鼠肺功能的影响 (n=8,x¯±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Sham组ALI组PC组Dex-PC组
F/(N/min)332.41±9.29201.37±11.21a220.51±14.76b256.57±16.95c
VT/mL0.17±0.020.02±0.00 a0.09±0.01 b0.11±0.01 c
PIF/(mL/s)7.84±0.410.23±0.01 a0.95±0.21 b1.36±0.26 c
PEF/(mL/s)8.53±0.630.45±0.09 a2.98±0.44 b3.42±0.52
TI/s0.08±0.010.14±0.01 a0.18±0.02 b0.20±0.02 c
EF50%/(mL/s)3.40±0.340.40±0.03 a1.46±0.26 b2.05±0.37 c
TR/s0.06±0.000.07±0.00 a0.07±0.000.06±0.00 c
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右美托咪定预处理周细胞增强细胞治疗对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用
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罗茜 1 , 张紫森 2 , 杨傲 2 , 刘良明 2 , 李涛 2 , 胡弋 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 基础医学 2025,47(2): 101-111
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陆军军医大学学报 |基础医学 2025 , 47 (2) : 101 -111
右美托咪定预处理周细胞增强细胞治疗对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用
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罗茜1, 张紫森2, 杨傲2, 刘良明2, 李涛2, 胡弋1
作者信息
  • 1陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)麻醉科,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室,重庆
  • 2陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)野战外科研究部战伤休克与输血研究室,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室,重庆
通讯作者:
胡 弋,E-mail:
HU Yi,E-mail:
Dexmedetomidine pretreatment enhances protective effect efficacy of pericytes agaist acute lung injury in septic mice
Xi LUO1, Zisen ZHANG2, Ao YANG2, Liangming LIU2, Tao LI2, Yi HU1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Department of War Wound Shock and Transfusion,Army Medical Center of PLA/Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of War Wound Shock and Transfusion,Army Medical Center of PLA/Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University,Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-01-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407011
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目的

探究右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)预处理的周细胞对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)的影响及其作用机制。

方法

采用腹腔内注射脂多糖(LPS) 10 mg/kg复制脓毒症小鼠模型。96只C57BL/6小鼠按照随机数字表法分为假手术(Sham)组、急性肺损伤(ALI)组、周细胞治疗(PC)组、右美托咪定(1 μmol/L)预处理后周细胞治疗(Dex-PC)组。PC组、Dex-PC组尾静脉内分别给予PC和Dex-PC(5×105个/只),Sham组和ALI组尾静脉内给予等量生理盐水作为对照。采用流式细胞术、免疫荧光、全身体积描记系统、ELISA等方法,观察PC定植数量、肺血管通透性和肺功能的变化、血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量,以及72 h小鼠存活率和存活时间。体外使用LPS(10 μg/mL)刺激PC和Dex-PC,观察周细胞胞内ROS含量的变化。

结果

与Sham组比较,ALI组小鼠肺血管内皮细胞通透性增加,伊文思蓝大量外渗,肺组织结构严重破坏并伴随大量炎性细胞浸润,肺湿/干质量比和血清中TNF-α和IL-6表达显著升高,肺功能显著下降,且72 h无小鼠存活(P<0.05);细胞治疗后,PC组和Dex-PC组均可有效改善肺血管内皮渗漏、单位组织伊文思蓝含量、肺病理结构、肺功能以及炎症反应,明显提高存活率(P<0.05),其中Dex-PC组的治疗效果明显优于PC组(P<0.05)。LPS刺激PC后,ROS大量蓄积,而Dex预处理能显著抵抗LPS引起的ROS蓄积(P<0.05)。

结论

右美托咪定预处理周细胞后可显著增强其对脓毒症小鼠肺血管内皮屏障功能的保护作用,其作用机制可能是其增强了周细胞抗氧化应激能力。

右美托咪定  /  周细胞  /  脓毒症  /  急性肺损伤  /  肺血管屏障功能
Objective

‍To investigate the effect and mechanism of dexmedetomidine (Dex) pretreated pericytes (Dex-PCs) on acute lung injury (ALI) in septic mice.

Methods‍

Mouse model of sepsis-ALI was established with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 10 mg/kg. A total of 96 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham operation (Sham) group,ALI group,PC treatment group and Dex-PCs treatment group. The mice of the PCs and Dex-PCs groups received a tail venous injection of 5×105 PC cells,respectively,whereas those of the Sham and ALI groups received equal volume of normal saline. Flow cytometry,immunofluorescence assay,whole-body volume tracing system and ELISA were used to observe the changes in the colonization of PCs,pulmonary vascular permeability,lung function,serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels,as well as the survival rate and survival time of mice at 72 h after LPS stimulation. After PCs and Dex-PCs were exposed to 10 μg/mL LPS,the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured.

Results

‍Compared with the Sham group,the ALI group had increased permeability of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells,extensive extravasation of Evans blue,severely destructed of lung tissue structure and massive inflammatory cell infiltration,higher lung wet/dry weight ratio,elevated serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels,and declined lung function,and no mice survived for 72 h after modeling (P<0.05). Both PC cell treatment effectively alleviated the pulmonary vascular endothelial leakage,reduced Evans blue content per unit tissue,improved lung pathological structure,lung function and inflammatory responses,and significantly improved the survival rates in the PC group and the Dex-PC group (P<0.05). What’s more,the therapeutic effect of Dex-PC cells was significantly better than that of the PC cells (P<0.05). LPS stimulation induced ROS accumulation greatly in PCs,but no such effect was observed in the PCs after Dex pretreatment (P<0.05).

Conclusion

‍Dex pretreatment significantly enhances PCs’ protective effect on pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier functions in septic mice,which may be due to its enhancing anti-oxidative capacity of PCs.

dexmedetomidine  /  pericytes  /  sepsis  /  acute lung injury  /  pulmonary vascular barrier function
罗茜, 张紫森, 杨傲, 刘良明, 李涛, 胡弋. 右美托咪定预处理周细胞增强细胞治疗对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (2) : 101 -111 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407011
Xi LUO, Zisen ZHANG, Ao YANG, Liangming LIU, Tao LI, Yi HU. Dexmedetomidine pretreatment enhances protective effect efficacy of pericytes agaist acute lung injury in septic mice[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (2) : 101 -111 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407011
脓毒症急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)是由全身性败血症、创伤性损伤、严重的细菌或病毒性肺炎引起的危及生命的疾病[1-2],重度患者的死亡率高达20%~25%[3],其病理生理变化最初表现为肺部炎症和微血管通透性增加,最终发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征[4]。ALI的治疗缺乏特效药物和具体治疗措施,主要通过肺保护性通气、俯卧位通气和液体管理来缓解症状[5]。目前认为改善血管内皮通透性是有效抑制脓毒症发生发展的一线方法,但尚无有效药物[6]。因此,针对脓毒症急性肺损伤的血管内皮屏障的治疗具有重要研究意义及临床应用价值。
周细胞位于微血管系统中内皮细胞外,主要通过旁分泌作用上调内皮细胞黏附分子和紧密连接蛋白维持血管内皮屏障功能,如转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF⁃β)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和磷酸鞘氨醇-1(sphingosine⁃1⁃phosphate,S1P)等[7]。血管内皮屏障功能破坏是脓毒症急性肺损伤发生发展的机制之一[8]。当前已有临床前研究表明,外源性给予周细胞对其具有保护作用[9-11]。近期预实验结果发现,外源性周细胞在一定程度上能改善脓毒症小鼠肺血管屏障功能,但治疗效果有限。因此,如何提高周细胞治疗效果值得进一步深入研究。
目前,影响细胞移植效果的主要原因是细胞存活率低和归巢能力差,且增加移植剂量和频率会增加肺栓塞的风险。大量的研究发现,通过外部刺激预处理移植细胞,使细胞产生或过表达一些功能基因可以增强细胞迁移和归巢能力,从而抵抗恶劣的微环境并抑制细胞凋亡。如在缺血再灌注损伤模型中,右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)可作用于间充质干细胞的α2受体来增强其迁移和抗氧化应激能力[12]。Dex是一种高选择性的α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂,具有镇静、镇痛作用,适用于重症监护环境中的短期和长期镇静[13]。大量研究证实Dex具有抗氧化作用[14-15]。既往研究已证实,周细胞表面存在α2受体[16],但Dex是否通过α2受体来增强其抗氧化能力,提高细胞移植存活率及保护脓毒症小鼠肺血管屏障功能尚不明确。因此,本研究拟采用脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤模型和LPS处理周细胞,探究右美托咪定预处理周细胞在脓毒症小鼠肺血管屏障功能中的作用及其潜在机制。
右美托咪定购自中国扬子江药业集团有限公司;TNF-α、IL-6 ELISA试剂盒购自中国Elabscience公司;周细胞专用培养基购自美国Science cell公司;F12培养基、胰蛋白酶购自美国HyClone公司;1640培养基、细胞膜染料CellTrace far red购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;活性氧检测试剂盒购自中国碧云天公司;脂多糖、伊文思蓝(Evans Blue,EB)、Ⅰ型胶原酶购自美国Sigma公司;山羊抗兔一抗、山羊抗兔二抗购自美国LI-COR公司;PDGRF-β、NG2、CD146、CD31、ZO-1、CDH5抗体购自英国Abcam公司;流式抗体染色液、PDGRF-β、NG2、CD146、CD31抗体购自BD公司。
SPF级健康6~8周C57BL/6小鼠96只,雌雄各半,体质量(20±5)g,由陆军特色医学中心实验动物中心提供,自由饮食,实验前禁食12 h。本研究经陆军特色医学中心实验动物管理委员会批准(AMUWEC20210873),动物处置过程符合伦理要求。96只C57小鼠按照随机数字表法分为4组:假手术(Sham)组、急性肺损伤(ALI)组、周细胞治疗(PC)组、右美托咪定预处理后周细胞治疗(Dex-PC)组,每组24只。ALI组、PC组和Dex-PC组通过腹腔注射LPS(10 mg/kg)制备脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤模型[17],模型复制6 h后,尾静脉分别给予PC和Dex-PC(5×105个/只),其中PC组给予未处理的周细胞,Dex-PC组给予1 μmol/L右美托咪定预处理24 h的周细胞,Sham组和ALI组尾静脉内给予100 μL等量的生理盐水作为对照。每组16只用于观察小鼠72 h存活时间和存活率。实验安排具体时间轴见图1。
参照本实验室之前的方法[18]提取小鼠原代肺周细胞后,培养至3~5代,对周细胞进行流式细胞术鉴定。待细胞融合度达90%~100%,用胰酶消化为单细胞悬液。将细胞按每管100 μL分装到1.5 mL EP管用于后续流式抗体染色。周细胞标志性抗体染色:PDGFR-β(PE)、NG2(PE)和CD146(APC)按照1∶200稀释,血管内皮标志性抗体染色:CD31(APC)按照1∶200稀释。单细胞悬液增设空白未染色组(空白组)。同样对提取的周细胞进行细胞免疫荧光检测。将细胞接种于共聚焦培养皿中,待细胞融合度达60%~80%,4%多聚甲醛固定30 min,PBS洗涤3次,5 min/次,滴加羊血清室温下封闭30 min,吸去多余液体,分别滴加周细胞标志性抗体(PDGFR-β、NG2和CD146均1∶200稀释)和血管内皮标志性抗体(CD31 1∶200稀释),4 ℃过夜,PBS洗涤3次,5 min/次,滴加与一抗相对应的荧光二抗,室温下避光孵育1 h,PBS洗涤3次,5 min/次,DAPI(1∶50)37 ℃避光反应10 min,PBS洗涤3次,5 min/次。在共聚焦显微镜下观察周细胞标志物的表达。
在进行细胞治疗前,使用细胞膜染料(1∶1 000)对PC、Dex-PC进行30 min染色,标记为红色(APC)。①对肺组织定植周细胞数量进行流式细胞术检测。参照本实验室之前的方法[19]制备各组小鼠肺组织单细胞悬液,将细胞按每管100 μL分装到1.5 mL EP管用于后续上机检测标记周细胞的数量,每次上机细胞数5×104个。另取假手术组小鼠肺单细胞悬液增设空白未染色组(空白组)。②对肺组织定植周细胞数量进行免疫荧光检测。取各组小鼠肺组织置于4 %多聚甲醛浸泡48 h以上,脱水透明12 h,包埋,切片机按每张切片厚度为4 μm切片,脱蜡和复水,高压锅加热在二级水中修复抗原3 min,自然冷却后PBS洗3次,5 min/次,DAPI染核,避光。激光共聚焦显微镜下观察。
实验分为正常对照组(Ctl组)、脂多糖刺激组(LPS组)和右美托咪定预处理后脂多糖刺激组(LPS+Dex组)。LPS组:10 μg/mL浓度的LPS处理周细胞24 h;LPS+Dex组:1 μmol/L右美托咪定预处理周细胞24 h后,再用10 μg/mL LPS处理周细胞24 h。待细胞融合度达60%~80%,按照1∶1 000用无血清F12培养基稀释2′,7′-二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐(dichlorofluorescein diacetate,DCFH-DA),细胞去除培养基后,加入1 mL稀释好的DCFH-DA。在37 ℃,5% CO2细胞培养箱内孵育20 min。PBS洗涤细胞3次,以充分去除未进入细胞内的DCFH-DA。在FITC通道用激光共聚焦显微镜观察。采用Image J软件分析平均荧光强度。
取各组小鼠完整肺叶,立即测量湿质量。随后,将肺在60 ℃下干燥72 h后测量干质量。以湿/干质量比作为评价肺水肿情况的指标。
各组小鼠经尾静脉注射EB(2 mg/kg),30 min后处死小鼠,生理盐水灌肺至肺组织基本不见血色。取肺组织100 mg,匀浆后加入1 mL甲酰胺,置于60 ℃水浴箱水浴48 h后取出离心(4 ℃、8 000×g、10 min),取上清液再次离心(4 ℃、16 000×g、10 min),取上清液利用全波长酶标测定仪在620 nm波长测定光密度值。根据标准曲线求得EB含量,EB含量(μg/g)=A×甲酰胺量(mL)/肺湿质量(g),A为根据标准曲线回归方程求得的样品EB含量,单位为μg/mL。
将小鼠置于全身体积描记箱中30 min,待小鼠稳定且有效波形能达到90%以上时,连续记录5 min,每只小鼠选取5段平稳的波形,对其分析并计算呼气频率、潮气量、吸气峰值流量、呼气峰值流量、吸气时间、呼出50%气量时对应的呼气流速和松弛时间。
取各组小鼠肺组织置于4%多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋并切片,行HE染色,观察肺组织的病理变化,并对其进行病理损伤评分。根据出血、水肿、炎症细胞浸润和肺不张4个方面对肺损伤情况进行病理评分[20]。每1项的分数范围为0分(无)~4分(非常严重),具体如下:无损伤为0分;<25%的损伤为1分;25%~<50%的损伤为2分;50%~<75%的损伤为3分;≥75%的损伤为4分。
取各组小鼠眼球静脉血1 mL,室温静置2 h后,离心取上层血清(4 ℃、1 000×g、10 min)。采用ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠血清炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6的浓度,具体操作步骤见说明书。
待尾静脉给予细胞治疗结束后,将小鼠回笼饲养,正常饮食饮水,观察频率为1次/ h,直至治疗后72 h,记录小鼠的存活时间。
用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学处理,计量资料以x¯±s表示,多组比较采用单因素方差分析,组内两两比较采用t检验,存活率和存活时间采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析。检验水准α=0.05。
使用流式细胞术对肺周细胞进行鉴定,结果显示,周细胞标志性蛋白:神经胶质抗原2(neuron-glia antigen 2,NG2)、血小板衍生生长因子β(platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta,PDGFR-β)和黑色素瘤细胞黏附分子(MCAM/CD146)阳性表达率高达99%,内皮细胞标志性蛋白:血小板-内皮细胞黏附分子(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1,PECAM-1/CD31)阳性率<1%(图2A)。进一步使用细胞免疫荧光技术对周细胞进行鉴定,结果显示,NG2、PDGFR-β和CD146表达呈阳性,CD31表达呈阴性(图2B)。
LPS处理24 h后,LPS组周细胞胞内ROS显著升高(P<0.05);Dex预处理后,LPS+Dex组周细胞可拮抗LPS诱导的氧化应激,表现为胞内ROS显著下降(P<0.05)。表明LPS能诱导周细胞氧化应激上调,Dex能显著提高周细胞抗氧化应激能力。见图3。
为了探究不同PC治疗后在肺部的定植水平,采用C57BL/6小鼠腹腔注射10 mg/kg的LPS,6 h后再通过尾静脉分别给予用细胞膜染料CellTrace Red标记的PC及Dex预处理后的PC,最终通过流式细胞术和免疫荧光检测肺组织中外源性周细胞的数量。流式结果显示(图4A、B):PC组少量定植于肺部,而Dex-PC组在肺部的定植数量显著增加(P<0.05),为PC组的1.84倍。免疫荧光结果同样显示Dex-PC组定植数量增多(图4C)。结果提示,Dex预处理后能够增强周细胞在脓毒症小鼠肺部的定植能力。
通过比较各组肺湿/干重变化发现,与Sham组小鼠相比,ALI组小鼠肺血管屏障功能严重受损,发生严重肺水肿,湿/干质量比增加了70.7%(P<0.05,图5A);细胞治疗后,PC组小鼠肺水肿部分缓解,湿/干质量较ALI组下降了18.6%;而Dex-PC组小鼠肺水肿显著改善,较PC组湿/干质量比下降了23.0%(P<0.05)。进一步通过尾静脉注射EB,30 min后取肺组织观察发现(图5B),Sham组小鼠肺表面光滑,几乎无蓝色斑点;ALI组小鼠肺血管发生严重渗漏,肺组织表面呈明显深蓝色,单位肺组织EB含量为Sham组的2.21倍(P<0.05);细胞治疗后,PC组小鼠EB外渗减轻,肺组织表面呈浅蓝色,单位肺组织EB含量较ALI组下降了22.8%(P<0.05);Dex-PC组小鼠肺组织表面色泽明显改善,蓝色斑点明显减少,单位肺组织EB含量较PC组下降了33.3%(P<0.05)。通过Western blot和免疫荧光技术,观察各组小鼠肺内皮紧密连接蛋白ZO-1和钙黏蛋白CDH5的表达变化,结果发现ALI组小鼠肺ZO-1和CDH5表达均显著下降(P<0.05),提示肺血管内皮细胞通透性显著增加;细胞治疗后,PC组小鼠CDH5的表达水平显著提高(P<0.05),而ZO-1的表达未见明显恢复;Dex-PC组小鼠CDH5、ZO-1的表达水平均显著增强,肺血管渗漏减轻,与ALI组、PC组相比均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,急性肺损伤后肺血管通透性明显改变,血管发生严重渗漏,细胞治疗可减轻脓毒症小鼠的肺血管渗漏,其中Dex-PC的治疗效果显著优于PC治疗。
通过肺组织病理切片观察发现(图6A),与Sham组相比,ALI组小鼠肺部结构明显改变,肺组织结构紊乱、弥漫性出血、肺泡间隔增厚,肺组织病理损伤评分显著升高(P<0.05);细胞治疗后,PC组小鼠肺病理结构发生部分好转,存在少量肺泡结构紊乱、肺泡间隔增厚现象,伴少量炎细胞浸润,肺组织病理损伤评分与ALI组存在统计学差异(P<0.05);Dex-PC组小鼠肺泡结构较为完整,肺泡破裂情况进一步减少,肺泡壁水肿进一步减轻,厚度降低,肺组织病理损伤评分与PC组相比具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。
使用WBP系统检测处于清醒状态的小鼠的肺功能(表1)。与Sham组相比,ALI组小鼠呼吸频率、潮气量、吸气峰值流量和呼气峰值流量显著降低(P<0.01),提示小鼠出现呼吸疲劳、呼吸肌无力和肺泡通气减少;呼出50%气量时对应的呼气流速降低,松弛时间、吸气时间延长(P<0.01),提示小鼠出现气道阻力增加、呼吸道阻塞或肺水肿。细胞治疗后,PC组小鼠肺功能发生好转,除松弛时间外,其余指标与ALI组相比均存在统计学差异(P<0.01);而Dex-PC组小鼠肺功能进一步改善,除呼气峰值流量外,其余肺功能指标与PC组相比均存在统计学差异(P<0.01)。
小鼠炎症因子检测结果显示(图7),ALI组血清TNF-α和IL-6水平显著升高,分别是Sham组的2.39倍和10.06倍(P<0.05);细胞治疗后,PC组小鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6水平分别降低了12.85%和9.22%(P<0.05);与PC组相比,Dex-PC组小鼠炎症反应进一步减轻,血清TNF-α和IL-6水平分别降低了51.73%和13.84%(P<0.05)。对各组小鼠72 h存活情况观察发现,ALI组小鼠在24 h内大量死亡,且在72 h无存活;细胞治疗后,PC组小鼠存活时间显著提高,其中2只存活超过72 h,72 h存活率为12.5%,与ALI组相比存在统计学差异(P<0.05);而Dex-PC组小鼠24 h内0只小鼠死亡,存活时间是PC组的1.5倍(P<0.05),72 h存活率达50%。上述结果表明,Dex预处理后的周细胞可显著抑制脓毒症后小鼠血清炎症因子水平的增加,提高脓毒症小鼠的72 h存活率和存活时间。
脓毒症是一种由微生物感染引起,导致器官功能障碍和衰竭的危及生命的疾病,其特征为全身炎症反应和微血管功能障碍,肺部是最早、最易受到损伤的器官,可发展为脓毒症急性肺损伤[21-22]。尽管给予患者低潮气量通气、俯卧位、液体保守治疗和深度镇静伴麻痹等治疗措施,死亡率仍高达35%~40%[23]。随着对脓毒症研究的不断深入,发现血管内皮屏障功能障碍是脓毒症导致多器官衰竭的关键,而脓毒症病死率与器官衰竭密切相关,因此在脓毒症治疗过程中血管内皮屏障功能的治疗尤为重要。目前,针对脓毒症血管内皮屏障功能的治疗方法大多处于研究阶段,很多药物在临床试验阶段被淘汰[24]。因此,亟需寻找一种新的治疗措施来降低脓毒症患者急性肺损伤的发生率和死亡率。
近年来,研究表明干细胞可通过调节免疫状态、降低炎症反应和改善器官功能等途径[25],提高脓毒症的生存率,有望成为脓毒症治疗的新策略。周细胞是一种包绕微血管壁的干细胞,主要在维持血管屏障功能方面发挥非常重要的作用。最新研究发现,周细胞可定植到脑微血管上和肠系膜微血管上,促进血管内皮屏障功能的恢复,保护重要器官功能[10,26]。本实验室前期研究发现,外源性周细胞对脓毒症小鼠肺血管屏障功能具有一定的改善作用。因此,寻找提高周细胞治疗效果的措施对脓毒症血管屏障功能障碍的治疗有重要意义。
本研究发现,脓毒症急性肺损伤后肺血管发生严重渗漏,内皮细胞通透性升高,肺组织严重受损,肺功能显著下降;外源性给予PC可部分减轻肺血管渗漏,部分恢复肺组织完整性和肺功能,但治疗效果有限;而Dex-PC可显著改善肺血管渗漏,保护肺血管屏障功能,肺组织完整性和肺功能显著恢复,明显提高动物存活率。以上研究结果表明,肺血管屏障功能在脓毒症急性肺损伤中起重要作用,Dex-PC显著增强细胞治疗对脓毒症急性肺损伤血管内皮屏障功能的保护作用,其作用机制可能与增强周细胞抗氧化应激能力相关,但具体机制并不明确,还需进一步研究。
Dex是α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂,具有中枢性抗交感、镇静、抗氧化应激、抗炎和抗凋亡作用[13-14]。近期研究发现,Dex可以增强干细胞的治疗效果。如Dex预处理脂肪干细胞可增强细胞活力并抑制细胞凋亡,最终提高对心肌缺血在灌注损伤的改善作用[27]。本实验结果发现,Dex预处理后的PC在脓毒症小鼠肺组织中的定植数量明显增加,肺血管内皮通透性和炎症反应明显降低。进一步机制研究发现,Dex可以增强PC的抗氧化应激能力。目前有关Dex抗氧化应激和抗炎的具体机制主要与调节内质网应激和Nrf2/HO-1等通路相关[15,28]。但Dex增强PC抗氧化应激功能是否与上述通路相关,还需进一步深入研究。
综上所述,本研究发现Dex可增强周细胞对脓毒症小鼠肺组织的保护效应,这为治疗脓毒症的细胞疗法提供了新的视角。未来的研究需要深入探讨Dex如何优化周细胞治疗的效果及其背后的机制。

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2025年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407011
  • 接收时间:2024-07-02
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-01-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-02
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    1陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)麻醉科,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室,重庆
    2陆军特色医学中心(第三军医大学大坪医院)野战外科研究部战伤休克与输血研究室,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室,重庆

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