Article(id=1322934635029725247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934619896688658, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719849600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-02, revisedDate=1730736000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341795928, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341795928, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341795928, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341795928, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934619896688658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='285', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740672000000', pubDateStr='2025-02-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341792320, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341792320, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=360, endPage=368, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934635235246144, articleId=1322934635029725247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Attentional bias for cancer-related stimuli in breast cancer survivors with fear of cancer recurrence, columnId=1320435226828980311, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Medical Psychology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the characteristics of attentional bias towards cancer-related stimuli in breast cancer patients with fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) under subthreshold and suprathreshold stimulus conditions.

Methods

A total of 94 female breast cancer patients admitted in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from September 2022 to March 2023 were recruited to complete the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Short Form (FCRI-SF) and the dot-probe task. According to the FCRI-SF cut-off score of 13, they were divided into clinical and non-clinical FCR groups, with 47 cases in each group. One-sample t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to statistically analyze the subjects in the 2 groups in terms of attentional bias score, attentional orienting score and attentional disengagement difficulty score.

Results

The patients in the clinical FCR group showed a significant attentional bias toward cancer-related negative words (P<0.05). Under the subthreshold stimulus condition, its main component was attentional orienting to cancer-related negative words (P<0.05). In the suprathreshold stimulus condition, the main components were attentional orienting to neutral words matched by cancer-related negative words and difficulty in attentional disengagement from cancer-related negative words as well as attentional avoidance for cancer-related positive words (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Breast cancer patients with clinical FCR have an attentional bias toward cancer-related negative stimuli. Reducing their attention to cancer-related negative stimuli may be an effective measure to reduce FCR level in the patients.

, authors=Rongqian LIU1, Li PENG1, Yanli CHEN1, Ying YANG2, Jia XIAO2, Jun JIANG3, Chen XU1, Qiao ZHANG1, Min LI1, authorsList=Rongqian LIU, Li PENG, Yanli CHEN, Ying YANG, Jia XIAO, Jun JIANG, Chen XU, Qiao ZHANG, Min LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Min LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934638137704523, articleId=1322934635029725247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=乳腺癌复发恐惧患者对癌症相关刺激的注意偏向研究, columnId=1322210916465234306, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=医学心理学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨在阈下和阈上刺激条件下,癌症复发恐惧的乳腺癌患者对癌症相关刺激的注意偏向特点。

方法

2022年09月至2023年03月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院招募94名女性乳腺癌患者完成癌症复发恐惧量表简版 (fear of cancer recurrence inventory-short form,FCRI-SF)及点探测任务。以FCRI-SF划界分(13分)将乳腺癌患者分为临床和非临床癌症复发恐惧组,每组招募患者47人。采用单样本t检验及重复测量方差分析对两组被试在注意偏向分数、注意定向分数及注意脱离困难分数上进行统计分析。

结果

临床癌症复发恐惧的乳腺癌患者对癌症相关负性词语有显著注意偏向(P<0.05)。在阈下刺激条件下,其主要成分为对癌症相关负性词语注意定向(P<0.05)。在阈上刺激条件下,其主要成分为对癌症相关负性词语所匹配的中性词语注意定向,且对癌症相关负性词语注意脱离困难以及对癌症相关正性词语注意回避(P<0.05)。

结论

临床癌症复发恐惧的乳腺癌患者存在对癌症相关负性刺激的注意偏向。减少对癌症相关负性刺激的关注可能是降低乳腺癌患者癌症复发恐惧的有效方法。

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李 敏,E-mail:
LI Min,E-mail:
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Emotion,2013,13(3):520-528., articleTitle=There’s more to anxiety than meets the eye:isolating threat-related attentional engagement and disengagement biases, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322934638498414668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934638506803277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, companyId=1322934638498414668, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Military Psychology, First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934638515191886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, companyId=1322934638498414668, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系:军事心理学教研室,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322934638607466575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934638615855184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, companyId=1322934638607466575, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Basic Psychology,Faculty of Medical Psychology,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934638624243793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, companyId=1322934638607466575, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系:基础心理学教研室,重庆)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322934638733295698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934638745878611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, companyId=1322934638733295698, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322934638754267220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, companyId=1322934638733295698, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科,重庆)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322934643514802314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=95WXUrztZ5SvwVKVS+ap5w==, figureFileBig=HBZZ7EmRf8jZ6k2QHhftRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322934643590299787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, language=CN, label=图1, caption=词语在与癌症的相关程度(A)、情绪效价(B)和唤醒度(C)上的差异比较

a:P<0.001;b:P<0.01

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A:阈下(17 ms)刺激;B:阈上(500 ms)刺激

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类别阈下刺激阈上刺激
FPηp2FPηp2
组别×相关程度×情绪效价1.2990.2570.0144.4100.0380.046
组别×相关程度0.0320.8570.0000.3290.5680.004
组别×情绪效价0.3070.5810.0032.5220.1160.027
相关程度×情绪效价0.2980.5870.0030.0000.9870.000
组别0.8420.3610.0090.0060.9370.000
相关程度0.0330.8570.0002.2340.6300.003
情绪效价0.3110.5790.0033.5040.0640.037
), ArticleFig(id=1322934646299820182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两种刺激条件下组别、相关程度、情绪效价对BI的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别阈下刺激阈上刺激
FPηp2FPηp2
组别×相关程度×情绪效价1.2990.2570.0144.4100.0380.046
组别×相关程度0.0320.8570.0000.3290.5680.004
组别×情绪效价0.3070.5810.0032.5220.1160.027
相关程度×情绪效价0.2980.5870.0030.0000.9870.000
组别0.8420.3610.0090.0060.9370.000
相关程度0.0330.8570.0002.2340.6300.003
情绪效价0.3110.5790.0033.5040.0640.037
), ArticleFig(id=1322934646396289175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别阈下刺激阈上刺激
FPηp2FPηp2
组别×相关程度×情绪效价0.9880.3230.0112.8110.0970.030
组别×相关程度0.2110.6470.0020.8840.3490.010
组别×情绪效价0.1250.7250.0010.0860.7710.001
相关程度×情绪效价0.0260.8720.0000.4100.5230.004
组别1.4270.2350.0151.2040.2750.013
相关程度0.1770.6750.0025.2170.0250.054
情绪效价1.0390.3110.0110.1840.6690.002
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两种刺激条件下组别、相关程度、情绪效价对OI的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别阈下刺激阈上刺激
FPηp2FPηp2
组别×相关程度×情绪效价0.9880.3230.0112.8110.0970.030
组别×相关程度0.2110.6470.0020.8840.3490.010
组别×情绪效价0.1250.7250.0010.0860.7710.001
相关程度×情绪效价0.0260.8720.0000.4100.5230.004
组别1.4270.2350.0151.2040.2750.013
相关程度0.1770.6750.0025.2170.0250.054
情绪效价1.0390.3110.0110.1840.6690.002
), ArticleFig(id=1322934646551478425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别阈下刺激阈上刺激
FPηp2FPηp2
组别×相关程度×情绪效价0.2560.6140.0031.8420.1780.020
组别×相关程度0.0420.8390.0000.1390.7100.002
组别×情绪效价1.1190.2930.0126.2130.0140.063
相关程度×情绪效价0.7160.4000.0080.5630.4550.006
组别0.2290.6340.0021.1800.2800.013
相关程度0.3020.5840.0037.4100.0080.075
情绪效价0.0310.8600.0004.5660.0350.047
), ArticleFig(id=1322934646635364507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934635029725247, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两种刺激条件下组别、相关程度、情绪效价对DI的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别阈下刺激阈上刺激
FPηp2FPηp2
组别×相关程度×情绪效价0.2560.6140.0031.8420.1780.020
组别×相关程度0.0420.8390.0000.1390.7100.002
组别×情绪效价1.1190.2930.0126.2130.0140.063
相关程度×情绪效价0.7160.4000.0080.5630.4550.006
组别0.2290.6340.0021.1800.2800.013
相关程度0.3020.5840.0037.4100.0080.075
情绪效价0.0310.8600.0004.5660.0350.047
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乳腺癌复发恐惧患者对癌症相关刺激的注意偏向研究
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刘荣倩 1 , 彭李 1 , 陈燕丽 1 , 杨英 2 , 肖佳 2 , 蒋军 3 , 许辰 1 , 张巧 1 , 李敏 1
陆军军医大学学报 | 医学心理学 2025,47(4): 360-368
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陆军军医大学学报 |医学心理学 2025 , 47 (4) : 360 -368
乳腺癌复发恐惧患者对癌症相关刺激的注意偏向研究
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刘荣倩1, 彭李1, 陈燕丽1, 杨英2, 肖佳2, 蒋军3, 许辰1, 张巧1, 李敏1
作者信息
  • 1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系:军事心理学教研室,重庆
  • 2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系:基础心理学教研室,重庆
  • 3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科,重庆
通讯作者:
李 敏,E-mail:
LI Min,E-mail:
Attentional bias for cancer-related stimuli in breast cancer survivors with fear of cancer recurrence
Rongqian LIU1, Li PENG1, Yanli CHEN1, Ying YANG2, Jia XIAO2, Jun JIANG3, Chen XU1, Qiao ZHANG1, Min LI1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Military Psychology, First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
  • 2Department of Basic Psychology,Faculty of Medical Psychology,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing, First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
  • 3Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital,Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University),Chongqing,China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407004
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目的

探讨在阈下和阈上刺激条件下,癌症复发恐惧的乳腺癌患者对癌症相关刺激的注意偏向特点。

方法

2022年09月至2023年03月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院招募94名女性乳腺癌患者完成癌症复发恐惧量表简版 (fear of cancer recurrence inventory-short form,FCRI-SF)及点探测任务。以FCRI-SF划界分(13分)将乳腺癌患者分为临床和非临床癌症复发恐惧组,每组招募患者47人。采用单样本t检验及重复测量方差分析对两组被试在注意偏向分数、注意定向分数及注意脱离困难分数上进行统计分析。

结果

临床癌症复发恐惧的乳腺癌患者对癌症相关负性词语有显著注意偏向(P<0.05)。在阈下刺激条件下,其主要成分为对癌症相关负性词语注意定向(P<0.05)。在阈上刺激条件下,其主要成分为对癌症相关负性词语所匹配的中性词语注意定向,且对癌症相关负性词语注意脱离困难以及对癌症相关正性词语注意回避(P<0.05)。

结论

临床癌症复发恐惧的乳腺癌患者存在对癌症相关负性刺激的注意偏向。减少对癌症相关负性刺激的关注可能是降低乳腺癌患者癌症复发恐惧的有效方法。

乳腺  /  癌症  /  恐惧  /  注意偏向
Objective

To investigate the characteristics of attentional bias towards cancer-related stimuli in breast cancer patients with fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) under subthreshold and suprathreshold stimulus conditions.

Methods

A total of 94 female breast cancer patients admitted in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from September 2022 to March 2023 were recruited to complete the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Short Form (FCRI-SF) and the dot-probe task. According to the FCRI-SF cut-off score of 13, they were divided into clinical and non-clinical FCR groups, with 47 cases in each group. One-sample t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to statistically analyze the subjects in the 2 groups in terms of attentional bias score, attentional orienting score and attentional disengagement difficulty score.

Results

The patients in the clinical FCR group showed a significant attentional bias toward cancer-related negative words (P<0.05). Under the subthreshold stimulus condition, its main component was attentional orienting to cancer-related negative words (P<0.05). In the suprathreshold stimulus condition, the main components were attentional orienting to neutral words matched by cancer-related negative words and difficulty in attentional disengagement from cancer-related negative words as well as attentional avoidance for cancer-related positive words (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Breast cancer patients with clinical FCR have an attentional bias toward cancer-related negative stimuli. Reducing their attention to cancer-related negative stimuli may be an effective measure to reduce FCR level in the patients.

breast  /  neoplasms  /  fear  /  attentional bias
刘荣倩, 彭李, 陈燕丽, 杨英, 肖佳, 蒋军, 许辰, 张巧, 李敏. 乳腺癌复发恐惧患者对癌症相关刺激的注意偏向研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (4) : 360 -368 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407004
Rongqian LIU, Li PENG, Yanli CHEN, Ying YANG, Jia XIAO, Jun JIANG, Chen XU, Qiao ZHANG, Min LI. Attentional bias for cancer-related stimuli in breast cancer survivors with fear of cancer recurrence[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (4) : 360 -368 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407004
乳腺癌已成为全球159个国家/地区发病率最高的癌症,也是全世界女性最常见、病死率最高的恶性肿瘤[1]。虽然诊断和治疗水平的提高延长了乳腺癌患者的5年生存率[2],但患者会在癌症诊断、治疗和康复过程中经历各种痛苦。癌症复发恐惧(fear of cancer recurrence,FCR)是乳腺癌患者最常见的心理痛苦之一[3],定义为“害怕、担心或忧虑癌症有可能复发或进展的心理状态”[4]。SIMARD等[5]使用癌症复发恐惧量表简版(fear of cancer recurrence inventory-short form,FCRI-SF),以13分作为划界分,将FCR分为临床FCR和非临床FCR。研究发现,我国大多数(67.5%)乳腺癌患者FCR达到临床水平[6]。在多种癌症类型中,乳腺癌患者的FCR得分最高[7],且不会随着时间的推移而消失[8]。较高的FCR与较高程度的抑郁、焦虑相关[9-10],严重影响患者的生活质量[11]。
注意偏向(attentional bias)是指面对多种刺激时,个体对某些刺激优先分配较多注意资源的一种认知倾向[12],包含正性注意偏向和负性注意偏向[12]。点探测任务常被用于研究个体的注意偏向。TRAN等[13]开发的点探测任务可用于研究注意偏向的主要成分,包括注意定向、注意脱离困难、注意回避[14],该任务已在焦虑、抑郁者注意偏向成分研究中得到广泛应用[15-16]。注意偏向可能会受到阈下(无意识)和阈上(有意识)两种时间刺激呈现方式的影响,随着刺激时间的变化呈现不同的注意偏向特点[17]。自我调节执行功能(self-regulatory executive function,S-REF)模型[18]认为,对威胁相关信息的注意偏向与情感障碍密切相关。研究显示,乳腺癌患者存在对癌症相关刺激的注意偏向[19],对身体症状(如疼痛、疲劳)的高度警觉以及将可能不相关的症状归因于乳腺癌成为FCR的有力预测因素[20]。WAROQUIER等[21]在阈下(17 ms)及阈上(500 ms,1 500 ms)时间条件下探讨了临床和非临床FCR乳腺癌患者的注意偏向特点,发现仅在阈下刺激条件下,临床和非临床FCR的乳腺癌患者对癌症相关负性词语和癌症相关正性词语均表现出警惕性。BUTOW等[22]仅在500 ms刺激时间条件下对注意偏向特点进行研究,结果显示,临床和非临床FCR的乳腺癌及前列腺癌患者对癌症消极词语及积极词语均不存在注意偏向。以上两项研究均未对注意偏向的具体成分进行探讨。既往对乳腺癌患者FCR与注意偏向之间的关系研究较少,不同时间刺激条件下,临床和非临床FCR的乳腺癌患者注意偏向特点尚无统一定论,且缺少对其注意偏向主要成分的理解。
因此,本研究旨在探索阈下和阈上两种时间刺激条件下,临床和非临床FCR的乳腺癌患者的注意偏向特点及其主要成分,并比较两类患者的注意偏向差异,为深入理解乳腺癌患者FCR与注意偏向的关系提供参考依据,也为寻找降低乳腺癌患者FCR的方法提供新思路。
在2022年09月至2023年03月,于陆军军医大学第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科采用目的取样法招募乳腺癌患者。纳入标准:①18≤年龄≤65岁;②临床病理学或细胞学诊断为乳腺癌的女性患者;③具有良好的中文阅读和理解能力;④右利手;⑤视力或矫正视力正常;⑥知情同意参加本研究。排除标准:①合并其他恶性肿瘤;②有精神障碍病史或正在服用精神类药物。被试在完成点探测任务后填写量表,共47例临床FCR的乳腺癌患者[(45.15±8.97)岁]和47例年龄相匹配的非临床FCR的乳腺癌患者[(47.13±8.07)岁]自愿参加本实验,两组年龄无统计学差异[t=1.12,P=0.264,Cohen’ s d=0.232]。本研究中,临床FCR组的FCR总分T[(17.34±3.69)分]显著高于非临床FCR组[(7.21±3.33)分],且t=-13.97,P<0.001,Cohen’s d=2.882,说明分组有效。所有被试均签署书面知情同意书。本研究已通过陆军军医大学第一附属医院医学伦理委员会审查批准[PLA(A)KY2022102]。
为FCR的严重性分量表,用来评估与FCR相关侵入性思维的存在和严重性,共9个条目。由于严重性因子与FCR总分高度正相关,已被作为短版的检测工具。采用Likert 5级(范围从0到4)评分,13分作为划界分,≥13分为临床FCR,<13分为非临床FCR[5],分数越高表示FCR程度越高。本研究中量表的Cronbach’ s α系数为0.865。
本研究参考以往对乳腺癌患者的注意偏向研究[22,24-25]以及汉语情绪词语系统材料库[26],收集了250个双字词语组成候选词语库。由不参加正式实验的乳腺癌患者[(42.13±10.76)岁]和心理学专业的无乳腺相关疾病的健康女性[(36.93±7.27)岁]各15名分别采用纸质材料对词语与癌症的相关程度[-3(极不相关)至+3(极度相关)]、情绪效价[-3(极其消极)至+3(极其积极)]及唤醒度[-3(极其平静)至+3(极其激动)]进行七点评定。两组评定者年龄差异无统计学意义(t=1.55,P=0.134,Cohen’s d=0.567)。与文献[21]类似,本研究将癌症相关正性词(如:康复)、癌症相关中性词(如:营养)、癌症相关负性词(如:癌症)、癌症无关正性词(如:奖金)、癌症无关中性词(如:地面)、癌症无关负性词(如:车祸)分别与癌症无关中性词进行配对,每种配对类型共10对词语。所有配对的词语在词性和笔画数上匹配。各类词语在与癌症的相关程度、情绪效价和唤醒度上的差异比较分别如图1所示。
采用点探测任务测量注意偏向。在阈下(17 ms)和阈上(500 ms)两种刺激时间条件下进行试验。首先,黑色屏幕中央出现1个白色注视点(+),500 ms后消失。接着,在注视点上方和下方位置同时出现2个词语(即刺激),呈现时间为17 ms或者500 ms,呈现17 ms后出现68 ms的掩蔽刺激(由7个大写英文字母组成的无意义字母串,如“IJLPQIY”)。随后,1个目标探针出现在2个词语之一的位置,要求受试者尽可能准确、快速地做出按键反应。探针在上方按“T”键,在下方按“M”键。被试按键或5 000 ms内没有反应则自动进入下一个试次,每个试次之间黑屏1 000 ms。本试验共480个试次,所有刺激随机出现。每种时间条件下的试验分2个组块,每个组块有120个试次,每个组块之间休息1 min。为平衡词语的位置和探针的有效性,每种类型的词语和配对的中性词语上下各出现2次,有效和无效各占50%。整个试验在安静的房间进行,被试距离电脑显示器约60 cm。试验中所有词语均呈现在15.6英寸戴尔显示器上,显示器分辨率为1 366×768,刷新率为60 Hz(图2)。
实验数据通过E-Prime 2.0软件搜集,使用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据处理与分析。参考以往研究[21],本研究剔除了错误反应以及反应时<200 ms或>2 000 ms的数据。两组被试在正确率上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。使用单样本t检验将临床FCR组和非临床FCR组的注意偏向分数(bias index,BI)、注意定向分数(orienting index,OI)和注意脱离困难分数(disengaging index,DI)与0比较,然后分别对BI、OI及DI进行2(组别:临床FCR、非临床FCR)×2(相关程度:癌症相关、癌症无关)×2(情绪效价:负性、正性)的重复测量方差分析。使用TRAN[13]提出的公式进行如下计算:
BI=RT点不一致-RT点一致;OI=RT中性对-RT点一致;DI=RT点不一致-RT中性对。
RT是被试的反应时间。BI反映个体对目标刺激是否存在注意偏向,当BI>0,表示存在注意偏向;当BI<0,表示存在注意回避[27]。OI反映个体的注意是否很快地被目标刺激所吸引,当OI>0,表示个体的注意被目标刺激快速吸引;当OI<0,表示注意被目标刺激配对的中性刺激快速吸引。DI反映目标刺激对个体的注意捕获程度是否太深,以致阻碍了个体将自身的注意从目标刺激中转移到其它刺激上的能力,当DI>O,表示存在注意脱离困难;当DI<0,表示存在脱离易化[28]。
单样本t检验结果显示,在阈下刺激条件下,临床FCR组在癌症相关负性词语上的注意偏向分数显著大于0[t(46)=2.092,P=0.042,Cohen’s d=0.305]。在阈上刺激条件下,临床FCR组在癌症相关负性词语上的注意偏向分数显著大于0[t(46)=2.556,P=0.014,Cohen’s d =0.373],在癌症相关正性词语上的注意偏向分数显著小于0[t(46)=-2.032,P=0.048,Cohen’s d=0.296],见图3。
重复测量方差分析结果显示,仅在阈上刺激条件下,组别、相关程度、情绪效价的交互作用显著[F(1,92)=4.410,P=0.038,ηP2=0.046]。进一步简单效应分析的结果表明:非临床FCR组对癌症相关正性词语的注意偏向分数显著大于临床FCR组(x¯非临床FCR组=7.85,s=5.71;x¯临床FCR组=-9.26,s=5.71;P=0.037)。临床FCR组对癌症相关负性词语的注意偏向分数显著大于癌症相关正性词语(x¯癌症相关负性词语=12.38,s=5.50;x¯癌症相关正性词语=-9.26,s=5.71;P=0.009),见表1。
单样本t检验结果显示,在阈下刺激条件下,临床FCR组在癌症相关负性词语上的注意定向分数显著大于0[t(46)=2.084,P=0.043,Cohen’s d=0.304]。在阈上刺激条件下,临床FCR组在癌症相关负性词语[t(46)=-2.638,P=0.011,Cohen’s d=0.385)]及癌症相关正性词语[t(46)=-2.724,P=0.009,Cohen’s d=0.397]的注意定向分数上显著小于0[t(46)=-2.638,P=0.011,Cohen’s d=0.385],见图4。
重复测量方差分析结果显示,仅在阈上刺激条件下,词语与癌症的相关程度的主效应显著[F(1,92)=5.217,P=0.025,ηP2=0.054],见表2。
单样本t检验结果显示,在阈下刺激条件下,临床FCR组在癌症相关负性词语的注意脱离困难分数与0的差异无统计学意义(t=0.394,P=0.695,Cohen’s d=0.058)。在阈上刺激条件下,临床FCR组在癌症相关负性词语的注意脱离困难分数上显著大于0[t(46)=4.627,P<0.001,Cohen’s d =0.675],见图5。
重复测量方差分析结果显示,仅在阈上刺激条件下,组别、情绪效价的交互作用显著[F(1,92)=6.213,P=0.014,ηP2=0.063]。进一步简单效应分析结果显示:临床FCR组对负性词语的注意脱离困难程度大于非临床FCR组(x¯非临床FCR组=3.28,s=3.10;x¯临床FCR组=14.35,s=3.10;P=0.013)。临床FCR组对负性词语的注意脱离困难程度大于正性词语(x¯负性词语=14.35,s=3.10;x¯正性词语=2.34,s=3.88;P=0.001)。词语与癌症的相关程度的主效应显著[F(1,92)=7.410,P=0.008,ηP2=0.075];词语的情绪效价的主效应显著[F(1,92)=4.566,P=0.035,ηP2=0.047],见表3。
本研究使用点探测任务,在阈下(17 ms)和阈上(500 ms)刺激时间条件下,探索临床、非临床FCR的乳腺癌患者对癌症相关和癌症无关词语的注意偏向特点,从而明确乳腺癌患者的FCR与注意偏向之间的关系。
本研究发现,不管在阈下还是阈上刺激条件下,临床FCR的乳腺癌患者均对癌症相关负性词语存在注意偏向,提示临床FCR的乳腺癌患者容易被癌症相关的负性信息所吸引。这种注意偏向在前注意阶段即阈下水平时就已经发生了,与WAROQUIER等[21]的研究结果一致。然而,BUTOW等[22]研究显示,临床FCR的乳腺癌及前列腺癌患者对癌症消极词语不存在注意偏向,与本研究结果不一致。本研究发现,非临床FCR的乳腺癌患者对所有类型的词语均不存在注意偏向,与既往研究结果不一致[21]。文化背景、社会和个体的差异可能导致了结果的差异性,需要在更多的不同文化背景下对研究结果进行验证。
本研究结果表明,因阈下和阈上刺激条件不同,临床FCR的乳腺癌患者注意偏向的主要成分也不同。在阈下刺激条件下,临床FCR的乳腺癌患者注意偏向的主要成分为对癌症相关负性词语存在注意定向,提示临床FCR的乳腺癌患者对癌症相关负性刺激的阈限值较低,威胁评估系统容易被癌症相关负性刺激激活,可能导致其注意增强,这与以往对高特质焦虑者的研究结果一致[29]。而在阈上刺激条件下,临床FCR的乳腺癌患者注意偏向的主要成分为对癌症相关负性词语所匹配的中性词语注意定向,且对癌症相关负性词语注意脱离困难,即在注意加工早期(注意定向时期),临床FCR的乳腺癌患者被癌症相关负性词语所匹配的中性词语快速吸引,在加工晚期(注意脱离困难时期)则会将注意力转移到癌症相关的负性刺激上,并且很难从中脱离出来。研究显示,对于胖负面身体自我女性,一旦早期视觉注意被胖身体图片捕获,则很难从该刺激上脱离,可见注意脱离困难也可能存在于加工早期[27]。在阈上刺激条件下,该组患者还表现出对癌症相关正性词语注意回避。注意偏向特点在不同刺激呈现时间上存在差异,注意偏向差异还可能与个体对情绪信息的警觉有关[30]。本研究结果提示,注意是一个动态变化的复杂过程,涉及多个过程和成分,包括朝向、卷入、维持、转移、重新卷入以及回避等,注意特点可能不是一成不变的[31]。本研究结果也支持了生物进化论的观点,对负性刺激敏感度增加或有意识地关注癌症相关负性刺激、回避癌症相关正性刺激是乳腺癌患者适应性生存的一种表现,能够使个体快速发现对其健康的潜在威胁,从而做出适应性的调整[32]。然而,这种注意特点可能会进一步增加癌症负性刺激的主导地位,导致注意力资源向癌症相关负性信息的过度分配,乳腺癌患者可能会感受到更大的FCR。
本研究还发现,在阈上刺激条件下,非临床FCR者比临床FCR者更关注自身癌症疾病的积极方面,而临床FCR者比非临床FCR者更不容易从负性刺激中脱离出来。此外,本研究发现与正性词语相比,不论词语是否与癌症相关,负性刺激对临床FCR的乳腺癌患者注意捕获程度更深。原因可能为乳腺癌患者在患癌过程中经常面临医学随访、疼痛等问题,这些负性事件可能会激活乳腺癌患者的注意系统,产生消极的认知图式。一旦接触负性刺激时,便会分配更多的注意即注意停留时间较长,可能使个体的注意很难从负性刺激中解除出来。本研究结果提示,增加临床FCR的乳腺癌患者对自身疾病积极方面的关注(如通过注意偏向矫正训练),可能有利于建立疾病转归的信心,并降低FCR。本研究证实癌症相关负性刺激的注意偏向分数不能区分临床FCR和非临床FCR的两组乳腺癌患者,与既往研究结果一致[22,24]。
本研究存在一些局限性:使用点探测任务只能在固定的时间点去测查注意特征,无法了解被试对刺激的注意变化过程。未来研究可采用眼动追踪技术探索个体从看见刺激线索到刺激结束的整个注意过程。
综上所述,临床FCR的乳腺癌患者在阈下及阈上刺激条件下均对癌症相关负性刺激存在注意偏向。在不同时间刺激条件下,临床FCR的乳腺癌患者注意偏向的主要成分也不同。本研究为深入理解不同FCR水平的乳腺癌患者注意偏向特点、制定干预方案以降低FCR提供理论依据。

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2025年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202407004
  • 接收时间:2024-07-02
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-02
  • 修回日期:2024-11-05
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    1陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系:军事心理学教研室,重庆
    2陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系:基础心理学教研室,重庆
    3陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科,重庆

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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