Article(id=1322218713739285147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322218660677140862, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406052, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718553600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-17, revisedDate=1728576000000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793171106991, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1748534400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793171106991, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793171106991, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793171106991, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322218660677140862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1029', pageEnd='1144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748534400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793171094339, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793325331065, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322865576456868294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322218660677140862, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322865576456868295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322218660677140862, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1029, endPage=1042, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322218714041275036, articleId=1322218713739285147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Progress in explosive shock wave-caused injuries in complicated work environment, columnId=1320435151990014650, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Military Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The proportion of casualties caused by blast injuries is increasing year by year, with those induced by shock waves being the main life-threatening factor. Because of the different propagation laws of the explosive shock waves in various environments, the waves will result in different damages on the person in the space. So, clarifying the impacts of different work conditions on the blast injuries will provide important supports for the assessment of the explosive power of weapons and ammunition and for the guidance for personal protective equipment selection in the process of actual combat. In this article, we discuss the rules in the shock wave-induced injuries in the free field, underwater, confined and semi-confined spaces, identify the shortcomings in the current research on blast injuries in different environments, summarize the current states of the research and application, and finally, bring forward to the key technologies and development directions that need to be solved in the subsequent research in order to provide a reference basis for future research on the injuries caused by explosive shock waves.

, authors=Boya YU, Junhong GAO, authorsList=Boya YU, Junhong GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Junhong GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322218717627404971, articleId=1322218713739285147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=不同工况下爆炸冲击波致人员损伤研究进展, columnId=1322185581656920707, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=军事医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

爆炸伤导致人员伤亡的比例逐年升高,其中爆炸冲击波所引起的损伤是导致人员死亡的主要因素。由于爆炸冲击波受环境的影响会产生不同的传播规律,导致所处空间内人员损伤情况也不同,所以明确不同工况对爆炸冲击波致人员损伤规律的影响,将为评估武器弹药爆炸威力,指导实战过程中人员防护装备的选用提供重要支撑。本文探讨了冲击波在自由场、水下、密闭及半密闭空间内对人员的损伤规律,指出了目前不同工况下爆炸冲击波致人员损伤研究中存在的不足,并对该研究和应用进行了总结,最后提出了后续研究中需要解决的关键技术与发展方向,为将来爆炸冲击波致人员损伤的研究提供参考和依据。

, authors=喻伯牙, 高俊宏, authorsList=喻伯牙, 高俊宏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=高俊宏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
‍通‍信‍作‍者‍:高俊宏,E-mail:
GAO Junhong,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=MERbLNI7+zOQgFQmCN8Qrw==, magXml=VjCJz5fdHpf35yX9DWyWxw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=TXilRQlnYx+xvtoGbUtGnw==, pdfFileSize=5486230, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=2EA5baMVoiLP5f4wraJiKg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+F4c6GSh1VKSwJMlLfL/dA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322218718143304368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322218718231384754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, authorId=1322218718143304368, language=EN, stringName=Boya YU, firstName=Boya, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Laboratory of Bioeffective Technology,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322218718306882227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, authorId=1322218718143304368, language=CN, stringName=喻伯牙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1兵器工业卫生研究所生物效应技术研究室,西安, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322218718034252460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218718042641069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, companyId=1322218718034252460, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Laboratory of Bioeffective Technology,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218718051029678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, companyId=1322218718034252460, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1兵器工业卫生研究所生物效应技术研究室,西安)])]), Author(id=1322218718399156917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=gaoxing2285@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322218718499820215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, authorId=1322218718399156917, language=EN, stringName=Junhong GAO, firstName=Junhong, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Laboratory of Bioeffective Technology,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322218718583706296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, authorId=1322218718399156917, language=CN, stringName=高俊宏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1兵器工业卫生研究所生物效应技术研究室,西安, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322218718034252460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218718042641069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, companyId=1322218718034252460, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Laboratory of Bioeffective Technology,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218718051029678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, companyId=1322218718034252460, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1兵器工业卫生研究所生物效应技术研究室,西安)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1322218718751478457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=blast shock wave), Keyword(id=1322218718822781626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=free field), Keyword(id=1322218718931833531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=underwater), Keyword(id=1322218719015719612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=confined space), Keyword(id=1322218719091217085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=semi-confined space), Keyword(id=1322218719191880382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=injury), Keyword(id=1322218719263183551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=爆炸冲击波), Keyword(id=1322218719338681024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=自由场), Keyword(id=1322218719414178497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=水下), Keyword(id=1322218719493870274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=密闭空间), Keyword(id=1322218719573562051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=半密闭空间), Keyword(id=1322218719674225348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=损伤)], refs=[Reference(id=1322218722169836251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1038/s41598-019-40176-7, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=3440, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=CHANG Y, ZHANG D H, LIU L Y, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHANG Y,ZHANG D H,LIU L Y,et al. Simulation of blast lung injury induced by shock waves of five distances based on finite element modeling of a three-dimensional rat[J]. Sci Rep,2019,9:3440., articleTitle=Simulation of blast lung injury induced by shock waves of five distances based on finite element modeling of a three-dimensional rat, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218722304053980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70164-9, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=7, issue=8, pageStart=728, pageEnd=741, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=MAAS A I R, STOCCHETTI N, BULLOCK R, journalName=Lancet Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAAS A I R,STOCCHETTI N,BULLOCK R. Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults[J]. Lancet Neurol,2008,7(8):728-741., articleTitle=Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218722392134365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3389/fneur.2017.00413, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=413, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=WANG Y S, SAWYER T W, TSE Y C, journalName=Front Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y S,SAWYER T W,TSE Y C,et al. Primary blast-induced changes in Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation in rat hippocampus[J]. Front Neurol,2017,8:413., articleTitle=Primary blast-induced changes in Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation in rat hippocampus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218722476020446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3791/58400, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=CAMPOS-PIRES R, YONIS A, MACDONALD W, journalName=J Vis Exp, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAMPOS-PIRES R,YONIS A,MACDONALD W,et al. A novel in vitro model of blast traumatic brain injury[J]. J Vis Exp,2018(142):(142)., articleTitle=A novel in vitro model of blast traumatic brain injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218722551517919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/j.dt.2014.04.003, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=10, issue=2, pageStart=245, pageEnd=250, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=COURTNEY E, COURTNEY A, COURTNEY M, journalName=Def Technol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COURTNEY E,COURTNEY A,COURTNEY M. Shock tube design for high intensity blast waves for laboratory testing of armor and combat materiel[J]. Def Technol,2014,10(2):245-250., articleTitle=Shock tube design for high intensity blast waves for laboratory testing of armor and combat materiel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218722647986912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1979, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=北京工业学院八系《爆炸及其作用》编写组, journalName=爆炸及作用(下册), refType=null, unstructuredReference=北京工业学院八系《爆炸及其作用》编写组.爆炸及作用(下册)[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1979., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218722723484385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1979, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=6, authorNames=Department VIII of Beijing Institute of Technology ‘Explosions and their effects’ Writing Team, journalName=Explosion and its effects (second Volume), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Department VIII of Beijing Institute of Technology ‘Explosions and their effects’ Writing Team. Explosion and its effects (second Volume) [M]. Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1979, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218722803176162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=7, authorNames=隋树元, 王树山, journalName=终点效应学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=隋树元,王树山. 终点效应学[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社,2000., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218722899645155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=8, authorNames=SUI S Y, WANG S S, journalName=Terminal effects, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUI S Y,WANG S S. Terminal effects [M]. Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2000., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218722987725540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb11971.x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1968, volume=152, issue=1, pageStart=122, pageEnd=146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=9, authorNames=BOWEN I G, FLETCHER E R, RICHMOND D R, journalName=Ann N Y Acad Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOWEN I G,FLETCHER E R,RICHMOND D R,et al. Biophysical mechanisms and scaling procedures applicable in assessing responses of the thorax energized by air-blast overpressures or by nonpenetrating missiles[J]. Ann N Y Acad Sci,1968,152(1):122-146., articleTitle=Biophysical mechanisms and scaling procedures applicable in assessing responses of the thorax energized by air-blast overpressures or by nonpenetrating missiles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218723088388837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1097/00005373-199603001-00006, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=40, issue=3, pageStart=S31, pageEnd=S37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=10, authorNames=AXELSSON H, YELVERTON J T, journalName=J Trauma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AXELSSON H,YELVERTON J T. Chest wall velocity as a predictor of nonauditory blast injury in a complex wave environment[J]. J Trauma,1996,40(3Suppl):S31-S37., articleTitle=Chest wall velocity as a predictor of nonauditory blast injury in a complex wave environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218723172274918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1097/00005373-199603001-00025, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=40, issue=3, pageStart=S111, pageEnd=S115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=11, authorNames=YELVETON J T, journalName=J Trauma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YELVETON J T. Pathology scoring system for blast injuries[J]. J Trauma,1996,40(3suppl):S111-S115., articleTitle=Pathology scoring system for blast injuries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218723260355303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3389/fneur.2020.559318, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=559318, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=12, authorNames=PHIPPS H, MONDELLO S, WILSON A, journalName=Front Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PHIPPS H,MONDELLO S,WILSON A,et al. Characteristics and impact of U.S. military blast-related mild traumatic brain injury:a systematic review[J]. Front Neurol,2020,11:559318., articleTitle=Characteristics and impact of U.S. military blast-related mild traumatic brain injury:a systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218723356824296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1097/TA.0b013e318163b875, pmid=18301189, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=64, issue=2, pageStart=295, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=13, authorNames=OWENS B D, KRAGH J F, WENKE J C, journalName=J Trauma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OWENS B D,KRAGH J F,WENKE J C,et al. Combat wounds in operation Iraqi Freedom and operation Enduring Freedom[J]. J Trauma,2008,64(2):295-9., articleTitle=Combat wounds in operation Iraqi Freedom and operation Enduring Freedom, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218723436516073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/s0300-483x(97)03659-7, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=121, issue=1, pageStart=105, pageEnd=115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=14, authorNames=ARGYROS G J, journalName=Toxicology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ARGYROS G J. Management of primary blast injury[J]. Toxicology,1997,121(1):105-115., articleTitle=Management of primary blast injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218723553956586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1097/00005373-200104000-00017, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=50, issue=4, pageStart=695, pageEnd=706, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=15, authorNames=CERNAK I, WANG Z, JIANG J, journalName=J Trauma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CERNAK I,WANG Z,JIANG J,et al. Ultrastructural and functional characteristics of blast injury-induced neurotrauma[J]. J Trauma,2001,50(4):695-706., articleTitle=Ultrastructural and functional characteristics of blast injury-induced neurotrauma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218723654619883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1007/s10439-011-0343-0, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=39, issue=10, pageStart=2550, pageEnd=2559, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=16, authorNames=BOLANDER R, MATHIE B, BIR C, journalName=Ann Biomed Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOLANDER R,MATHIE B,BIR C,et al. Skull flexure as a contributing factor in the mechanism of injury in the rat when exposed to a shock wave[J]. Ann Biomed Eng,2011,39(10):2550-2559., articleTitle=Skull flexure as a contributing factor in the mechanism of injury in the rat when exposed to a shock wave, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218723767866092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/j.cjtee.2015.11.006, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=18, issue=5, pageStart=267, pageEnd=274, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=17, authorNames=CHEN H J, XU C, LI Y, journalName=Chin J Traumatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN H J,XU C,LI Y,et al. An open air research study of blast-induced traumatic brain injury to goats[J]. Chin J Traumatol,2015,18(5):267-274., articleTitle=An open air research study of blast-induced traumatic brain injury to goats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218723851752173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1007/s10439-013-0850-2, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=41, issue=12, pageStart=2488, pageEnd=2500, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=18, authorNames=CENGIO LEONARDI A DAL, KEANE N J, HAY K, journalName=Ann Biomed Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CENGIO LEONARDI A DAL,KEANE N J,HAY K,et al. Methodology and evaluation of intracranial pressure response in rats exposed to complex shock waves[J]. Ann Biomed Eng,2013,41(12):2488-2500., articleTitle=Methodology and evaluation of intracranial pressure response in rats exposed to complex shock waves, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218723948221166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1089/neu.2008.0898, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=26, issue=6, pageStart=841, pageEnd=860, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=19, authorNames=BAUMAN R A, LING G, TONG L, journalName=J Neurotrauma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAUMAN R A,LING G,TONG L,et al. An introductory characterization of a combat-casualty-care relevant swine model of closed head injury resulting from exposure to explosive blast[J]. J Neurotrauma,2009,26(6):841-860., articleTitle=An introductory characterization of a combat-casualty-care relevant swine model of closed head injury resulting from exposure to explosive blast, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218724044690159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.7205/milmed-d-10-00147, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=176, issue=3, pageStart=276, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=20, authorNames=PLURAD D S, journalName=Mil Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PLURAD D S. Blast injury[J]. Mil Med,2011,176(3):276-82., articleTitle=Blast injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218724132770544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3389/fneur. 2016.00179, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=179, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=21, authorNames=FENG K, ZHANG L Y, JIN X, journalName=Front Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG K,ZHANG L Y,JIN X,et al. Biomechanical responses of the brain in swine subject to free-field blasts[J]. Front Neurol,2016,7:179., articleTitle=Biomechanical responses of the brain in swine subject to free-field blasts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218724233433841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=67, issue=9, pageStart=1313, pageEnd=1317, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=22, authorNames=QURESHI T A, AWAN M S, HASSAN N H, journalName=J Pak Med Assoc, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QURESHI T A,AWAN M S,HASSAN N H,et al. Effects of bomb blast injury on the ears:the Aga Khan university hospital experience[J]. J Pak Med Assoc,2017,67(9):1313-1317., articleTitle=Effects of bomb blast injury on the ears:the Aga Khan university hospital experience, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218724338291442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1136/jramc-2016-000733, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=163, issue=5, pageStart=333, pageEnd=338, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=23, authorNames=DE RÉGLOIX S B, CRAMBERT A, MAURIN O, journalName=J R Army Med Corps, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DE RÉGLOIX S B,CRAMBERT A,MAURIN O,et al. Blast injury of the ear by massive explosion:a review of 41 cases[J]. J R Army Med Corps,2017,163(5):333-338., articleTitle=Blast injury of the ear by massive explosion:a review of 41 cases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218724417983219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.7874/kja.2012.16.3.103, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=16, issue=3, pageStart=103, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=24, authorNames=CHOI C H, journalName=Korean J Audiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHOI C H. Mechanisms and treatment of blast induced hearing loss[J]. Korean J Audiol,2012,16(3):103-107., articleTitle=Mechanisms and treatment of blast induced hearing loss, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218724506063604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3389/fneur.2016.00059, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=59, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=25, authorNames=DEMAR J, SHARROW K, HILL M, journalName=Front Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DEMAR J,SHARROW K,HILL M,et al. Effects of primary blast overpressure on retina and optic tract in rats[J]. Front Neurol,2016,7:59., articleTitle=Effects of primary blast overpressure on retina and optic tract in rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218724585755381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1111/ceo.12407, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=43, issue=3, pageStart=239, pageEnd=246, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=26, authorNames=CHOI J H, GREENE W A, JOHNSON A J, journalName=Clin Exp Ophthalmol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHOI J H,GREENE W A,JOHNSON A J,et al. Pathophysiology of blast-induced ocular trauma in rats after repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressure[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2015,43(3):239-246., articleTitle=Pathophysiology of blast-induced ocular trauma in rats after repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218724703195894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000001475, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=84, issue=15, pageStart=1559, pageEnd=1567, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=27, authorNames=XYDAKIS M S, MULLIGAN L P, SMITH A B, journalName=Neurology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XYDAKIS M S,MULLIGAN L P,SMITH A B,et al. Olfactory impairment and traumatic brain injury in blast-injured combat troops:a cohort study[J]. Neurology,2015,84(15):1559-1567., articleTitle=Olfactory impairment and traumatic brain injury in blast-injured combat troops:a cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218724824830711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103767, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=101, issue=null, pageStart=103767, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=28, authorNames=LIU Y H, LU Y T, SHAO Y, journalName=Med Eng Phys, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y H,LU Y T,SHAO Y,et al. Mechanism of the traumatic brain injury induced by blast wave using the energy assessment method[J]. Med Eng Phys,2022,101:103767., articleTitle=Mechanism of the traumatic brain injury induced by blast wave using the energy assessment method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218724917105400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1136/jramc-2013-000216, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=160, issue=2, pageStart=161, pageEnd=166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=29, authorNames=ABOUDARA M, MAHONEY P F, HICKS B, journalName=J R Army Med Corps, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ABOUDARA M,MAHONEY P F,HICKS B,et al. Primary blast lung injury at a NATO Role 3 hospital[J]. J R Army Med Corps,2014,160(2):161-166., articleTitle=Primary blast lung injury at a NATO Role 3 hospital, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218725000991481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1009-4237.2021.09.016, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=23, issue=9, pageStart=705, pageEnd=709, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=30, authorNames=李存治, 王鸿, 范小琳, journalName=创伤外科杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李存治,王鸿,范小琳,等. 某战斗部静爆对山羊的毁伤效应研究[J]. 创伤外科杂志,2021,23(9):705-709., articleTitle=某战斗部静爆对山羊的毁伤效应研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218725097460474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1009-4237.2021.09.016, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=23, issue=9, pageStart=705, pageEnd=709, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=31, authorNames=LI C Z, WANG H, FAN X L, journalName=J Trauma Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI C Z,WANG H,FAN X L,et al. Damage effect of warhead explosion on goats[J]. J Trauma Surg,2021,23(9):705-709., articleTitle=Damage effect of warhead explosion on goats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218725206512379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11809/bqzbgcxb2020.12.013, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=12, pageStart=73, pageEnd=76, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=32, authorNames=李川, 陈海斌, 张亮, journalName=兵器装备工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李川,陈海斌,张亮,等. 小当量战斗部爆炸冲击波对有生目标的毁伤效应分析[J]. 兵器装备工程学报,2020,41(12):73-76., articleTitle=小当量战斗部爆炸冲击波对有生目标的毁伤效应分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218725307175676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11809/bqzbgcxb2020.12.013, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=12, pageStart=73, pageEnd=76, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=33, authorNames=LI C, CHEN H B, ZHANG L, journalName=J Ordnance Equip Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI C,CHEN H B,ZHANG L,et al. Analysis on damage of small equivalent warhead blast wave to living target[J]. J Ordnance Equip Eng,2020,41(12):73-76., articleTitle=Analysis on damage of small equivalent warhead blast wave to living target, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218725424616190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1007/s41314-021-00038-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=5, issue=1, pageStart=2, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=34, authorNames=BOUTILLIER J, PRAT N, DE MEZZO S, journalName=Hum Factors Mech Eng Def Saf, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOUTILLIER J,PRAT N,DE MEZZO S,et al. Blast-related lung injury risk estimation based on chest wall velocity[J]. Hum Factors Mech Eng Def Saf,2021,5(1):2., articleTitle=Blast-related lung injury risk estimation based on chest wall velocity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218725508502271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1155/2021/6676244, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=2021, issue=1, pageStart=6676244, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=35, authorNames=SUN Y L, QIAN X M, SHU C M, journalName=Shock Vib, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Y L,QIAN X M,SHU C M,et al. Effects of explosion shock waves on lung injuries in rabbits[J]. Shock Vib,2021,2021(1):6676244., articleTitle=Effects of explosion shock waves on lung injuries in rabbits, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218725609165568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=36, authorNames=谢雪腾, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢雪腾. 高原环境爆炸冲击波传播特性的数值模拟与实验研究[D]. 南京:南京理工大学,2017., articleTitle=高原环境爆炸冲击波传播特性的数值模拟与实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218725793714945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=37, authorNames=XIE X T, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE X T. Numerical simulation and experimental study on propagation characteristics of explosion shock wave in plateau environment[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2017., articleTitle=Numerical simulation and experimental study on propagation characteristics of explosion shock wave in plateau environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218725877601026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=38, authorNames=邓志龙, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓志龙. 高原冲击伤伤情特点和治疗研究[D]. 重庆:第三军医大学,2004., articleTitle=高原冲击伤伤情特点和治疗研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218725978264323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=39, authorNames=DENG Z L, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG Z L. Study on the characteristics and treatment of altitude blast injury[D].Chongqing:Third Military Medical University,2004., articleTitle=Study on the characteristics and treatment of altitude blast injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218726150230789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/j.cjtee.2022.09.001, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=26, issue=3, pageStart=139, pageEnd=146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=40, authorNames=DUAN Z X, LI G H, ZHANG J Y, journalName=Chin J Traumatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUAN Z X,LI G H,ZHANG J Y,et al. Effects of orientation and distance of goats on blast lung injury characteristics on a plateau above 4500-meter[J]. Chin J Traumatol,2023,26(3):139-146., articleTitle=Effects of orientation and distance of goats on blast lung injury characteristics on a plateau above 4500-meter, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218726225728262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=41, authorNames=YIN Z, KANG B, YIN H, journalName=(eds), refType=null, unstructuredReference=YIN Z,KANG B,YIN H. Plateau blast injury[A]. In:WANG Z,JIANG J. (eds) Explosive blast injuries. Springer,Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2856-7_29., articleTitle=Plateau blast injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218726318002951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1968, volume=39, issue=10, pageStart=1039, pageEnd=1047, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=42, authorNames=DAMON E G, GAYLORD C S, YELVERTON J T, journalName=Aerosp Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAMON E G,GAYLORD C S,YELVERTON J T,et al. Effects of ambient pressure on tolerance of mammals to air blast[J]. Aerosp Med,1968,39(10):1039-1047., articleTitle=Effects of ambient pressure on tolerance of mammals to air blast, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218726397694728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1097/TA.0000000000003571, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=93, issue=4, pageStart=530, pageEnd=537, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=43, authorNames=MENG X Y, LU Q Y, ZHANG J F, journalName=J Trauma Acute Care Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG X Y,LU Q Y,ZHANG J F,et al. A novel animal model of primary blast lung injury and its pathological changes in mice[J]. J Trauma Acute Care Surg,2022,93(4):530-537., articleTitle=A novel animal model of primary blast lung injury and its pathological changes in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218726468997897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=06, pageStart=218, pageEnd=223, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=44, authorNames=李冈, 蔡萌, 徐冰川, journalName=兵器装备工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李冈,蔡萌,徐冰川,等.人体躯干冲击波超压测试方法研究[J].兵器装备工程学报,2022,43(06):218-223., articleTitle=人体躯干冲击波超压测试方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218726578049802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=06, pageStart=218, pageEnd=223, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=45, authorNames=LI G, CAI M, XU B C, journalName=J Ordnance Equip Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI G,CAI M,XU B C,et al. Research on overpressure test method of human torso shock wave[J]. J Ordnance Equip Eng,2022,43(06):218-223., articleTitle=Research on overpressure test method of human torso shock wave, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218726640964363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/0021-9290(95)00039-9, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=227, pageEnd=234, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=46, authorNames=STUHMILLER J H, HO K H, VANDER VORST M J, journalName=J Biomech, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STUHMILLER J H,HO K H,VANDER VORST M J,et al. A model of blast overpressure injury to the lung[J]. J Biomech,1996,29(2):227-234., articleTitle=A model of blast overpressure injury to the lung, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218726737433356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1115/1.4029181, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=137, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=47, authorNames=GIBBONS M M, DANG X L, ADKINS M, journalName=J Biomech Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GIBBONS M M,DANG X L,ADKINS M,et al. Finite element modeling of blast lung injury in sheep[J]. J Biomech Eng,2015,137(4):041002., articleTitle=Finite element modeling of blast lung injury in sheep, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218726825513741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1001-1455.2013.03.016, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=33, issue=3, pageStart=315, pageEnd=320, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=48, authorNames=周杰, 陶钢, 潘保青, journalName=爆炸与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周杰,陶钢,潘保青,等. 爆炸冲击波对人体胸部创伤机理的有限元方法研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2013,33(3):315-320., articleTitle=爆炸冲击波对人体胸部创伤机理的有限元方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218726930371342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1001-1455.2013.03.016, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=33, issue=3, pageStart=315, pageEnd=320, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=49, authorNames=ZHOU J, TAO G, PAN B Q, journalName=Explos Shock Waves, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU J,TAO G,PAN B Q,et al. Mechanism of blast trauma to human Thorax:a finite element study[J]. Explos Shock Waves,2013,33(3):315-320., articleTitle=Mechanism of blast trauma to human Thorax:a finite element study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218727014257423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.02.011, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=86, issue=null, pageStart=210, pageEnd=217, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=50, authorNames=BOUTILLIER J, DECK C, DE MEZZO S, journalName=J Biomech, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOUTILLIER J,DECK C,DE MEZZO S,et al. Lung injury risk assessment during blast exposure[J]. J Biomech,2019,86:210-217., articleTitle=Lung injury risk assessment during blast exposure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218727102337808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11883/bzycj-2022-0173, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=12, pageStart=11, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=51, authorNames=王波, 杨剑波, 姚李刚, journalName=爆炸与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王波,杨剑波,姚李刚,等. 爆炸冲击波作用下人体肺部的损伤[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2022,42(12):11-19., articleTitle=爆炸冲击波作用下人体肺部的损伤, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218727190418193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11883/bzycj-2022-0173, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=12, pageStart=11, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=52, authorNames=WANG B, YANG J B, YAO L G, journalName=Explos Shock Waves, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG B,YANG J B,YAO L G,et al. Blast injuries to human lung induced by blast shock waves[J]. Explos Shock Waves,2022,42(12):11-19., articleTitle=Blast injuries to human lung induced by blast shock waves, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218727303664402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104936, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=131, issue=null, pageStart=104936, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=53, authorNames=TANG F, GUO Z R, YUAN M Q, journalName=Saf Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG F,GUO Z R,YUAN M Q,et al. Mechanical response of human torso under blast loading[J]. Saf Sci,2020,131:104936., articleTitle=Mechanical response of human torso under blast loading, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218727421104915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0143485, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=10, issue=11, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=54, authorNames=LANCE R M, CAPEHART B, KADRO O, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LANCE R M,CAPEHART B,KADRO O,et al. Human injury criteria for underwater blasts[J]. PLoS One,2015,10(11):e0143485., articleTitle=Human injury criteria for underwater blasts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218727509185300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/s0009-9260(69)80087-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1969, volume=20, issue=4, pageStart=362, pageEnd=370, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=55, authorNames=HIRSCH M, BAZINI J, journalName=Clin Radiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HIRSCH M,BAZINI J. Blast injury of the chest[J]. Clin Radiol,1969,20(4):362-370., articleTitle=Blast injury of the chest, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218727588877077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1001/archsurg.1970.01340190026008, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1970, volume=100, issue=1, pageStart=24, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=56, authorNames=HULLER T, BAZINI Y, journalName=Arch Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HULLER T,BAZINI Y. Blast injuries of the chest and abdomen[J]. Arch Surg,1970,100(1):24-30., articleTitle=Blast injuries of the chest and abdomen, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218727664374550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0303325, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=19, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=57, authorNames=Bar-Kochba E, Iwaskiw A S, Dunn J M, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bar-Kochba E,Iwaskiw A S,Dunn J M,et al. The dynamic response of human lungs due to underwater shock wave exposure. PLoS One. 2024,19(5):e0303325., articleTitle=The dynamic response of human lungs due to underwater shock wave exposure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218727752454936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1002/bjs.18003011708, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=30, issue=117, pageStart=49, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=58, authorNames=CAMERON G R, SHORT R H D, WAKELEY C P G, journalName=Br J Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAMERON G R,SHORT R H D,WAKELEY C P G. Pathological changes produced in animals by depth charges[J]. Br J Surg,2005,30(117):49-64., articleTitle=Pathological changes produced in animals by depth charges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218727823758105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3321/j.issn:0577-7402.2004.02.001, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=93, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=59, authorNames=朱佩芳, 蒋建新, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱佩芳,蒋建新. 开展水下冲击伤研究,提高我军特殊环境下的卫勤保障能力[J]. 解放军医学杂志,2004,29(2):93-94., articleTitle=开展水下冲击伤研究,提高我军特殊环境下的卫勤保障能力, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218727932810010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3321/j.issn:0577-7402.2004.02.001, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=93, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=60, authorNames=ZHU P F, JIANG J X, journalName=Med J Chin PLA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU P F,JIANG J X. Carry out the investigation of underwater blast injury to improve our medical care and logistic service under special environments[J]. Med J Chin PLA,2004,29(2):93-94., articleTitle=Carry out the investigation of underwater blast injury to improve our medical care and logistic service under special environments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218728016696091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0143485, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=10, issue=11, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=52, rfOrder=61, authorNames=LANCE R M, CAPEHART B, KADRO O, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LANCE R M,CAPEHART B,KADRO O,et al. Human injury criteria for underwater blasts[J]. PLoS One,2015,10(11):e0143485. PMID:26606655; PMCID:PMC4659630., articleTitle=Human injury criteria for underwater blasts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218728092193564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3760/j:issn:1001-8050.2003.02.014, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=19, issue=2, pageStart=111, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=62, authorNames=杨志焕, 朱佩芳, 蒋建新, journalName=中华创伤杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨志焕,朱佩芳,蒋建新,等. 水下冲击伤损伤特点的初步探讨[J]. 中华创伤杂志,2003,19(2):111-114., articleTitle=水下冲击伤损伤特点的初步探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218728243188509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3760/j:issn:1001-8050.2003.02.014, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=19, issue=2, pageStart=111, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=63, authorNames=YANG Z H, ZHU P F, JIANG J X, journalName=Chin J Trauma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Z H,ZHU P F,JIANG J X,et al. Preliminary exploration on characteristics of underwater blast injuries[J]. Chin J Trauma,2003,19(2):111-114., articleTitle=Preliminary exploration on characteristics of underwater blast injuries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218728369017630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.16781/j.0258-879x.2016.10.1283, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=10, pageStart=1283, pageEnd=1286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=54, rfOrder=64, authorNames=张丹枫, 陈吉钢, 王春晖, journalName=第二军医大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张丹枫,陈吉钢,王春晖,等. 水下爆炸损伤生物效应研究现状及展望[J]. 第二军医大学学报,2016,37(10):1283-1286., articleTitle=水下爆炸损伤生物效应研究现状及展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218728444515103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.16781/j.0258-879x.2016.10.1283, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=10, pageStart=1283, pageEnd=1286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=54, rfOrder=65, authorNames=ZHANG D F, CHEN J G, WANG C H, journalName=Acad J Second Mil Med Univ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG D F,CHEN J G,WANG C H,et al. Biological effect of underwater explosion injury:research progress and prospective[J]. Acad J Second Mil Med Univ,2016,37(10):1283-1286., articleTitle=Biological effect of underwater explosion injury:research progress and prospective, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218728540984096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0303325, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=19, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=55, rfOrder=66, authorNames=BAR-KOCHBA E, IWASKIW A S, DUNN J M, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAR-KOCHBA E,IWASKIW A S,DUNN J M,et al. The dynamic response of human lungs due to underwater shock wave exposure[J]. PLoS One,2024,19(5):e0303325., articleTitle=The dynamic response of human lungs due to underwater shock wave exposure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218728608092961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.16781/j.0258-879x.2021.07.0755, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=7, pageStart=755, pageEnd=761, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=67, authorNames=李彦腾, 程岗, 魏铂沅, journalName=第二军医大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李彦腾,程岗,魏铂沅,等. 水下爆炸致水面泅渡战位比格犬脑和肺的损伤特点[J]. 第二军医大学学报,2021,42(7):755-761., articleTitle=水下爆炸致水面泅渡战位比格犬脑和肺的损伤特点, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218728700367650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.16781/j.0258-879x.2021.07.0755, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=7, pageStart=755, pageEnd=761, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=68, authorNames=LI Y T, CHENG G, WEI B Y, journalName=Acad J Second Mil Med Univ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y T,CHENG G,WEI B Y,et al. Characteristics of brain and lung injuries of beagles in swimming battle position caused by underwater explosion[J]. Acad J Second Mil Med Univ,2021,42(7):755-761., articleTitle=Characteristics of brain and lung injuries of beagles in swimming battle position caused by underwater explosion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218728809419555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.12382/bgxb.2022.0461, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=9, pageStart=2172, pageEnd=2181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=69, authorNames=沈文妮, 侯立军, 唐佳炜, journalName=兵工学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈文妮,侯立军,唐佳炜,等. 水下爆炸对比格犬损伤试验研究[J]. 兵工学报,2022,43(9):2172-2181., articleTitle=水下爆炸对比格犬损伤试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218728901694244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.12382/bgxb.2022.0461, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=9, pageStart=2172, pageEnd=2181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=70, authorNames=SHEN W N, HOU L J, TANG J W, journalName=Acta Armamentarii, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN W N,HOU L J,TANG J W,et al. Experimental investigation of underwater blast injuries to beagles[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2022,43(9):2172-2181., articleTitle=Experimental investigation of underwater blast injuries to beagles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218728998163237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1038/s41598-024-58622-6, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=8580, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=58, rfOrder=71, authorNames=YU J, ZHANG XP, HAO Y, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU J,ZHANG XP,HAO Y,et al. Study on dynamic characteristics of cavitation in underwater explosion with large charge[J]. Sci Rep,2024,14(1):8580., articleTitle=Study on dynamic characteristics of cavitation in underwater explosion with large charge, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218729086243622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.5604/0860889X.1172074, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=562, issue=201, pageStart=57, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=59, rfOrder=72, authorNames=SZTUROMSKI B, journalName=Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SZTUROMSKI B. The effect of an underwater explosion on a ship[J]. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej,2015,562 (201):57-73., articleTitle=The effect of an underwater explosion on a ship, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218729170129703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1111/j. 1559-3584.1963.tb04898.x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1963, volume=75, issue=3, pageStart=525, pageEnd=534, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=60, rfOrder=73, authorNames=SETTE W J, GOBEN K W, journalName=Naval Engineers J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SETTE W J,GOBEN K W. Shock in ships[J]. Naval Engineers J,1963,75(3):525-534., articleTitle=Shock in ships, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218729254015784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1986, volume=5, issue=4, pageStart=202, pageEnd=207, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=74, authorNames=柯文棋, 乐秀鸿, 杨军, journalName=中国生物医学工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=柯文棋,乐秀鸿,杨军,等. 垂直受压下人体下肢骨骼的抗压性能[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报,1986,5(4):202-207., articleTitle=垂直受压下人体下肢骨骼的抗压性能, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218729384039209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1986, volume=5, issue=4, pageStart=202, pageEnd=207, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=75, authorNames=KE W Q, YUE X H, YANG J, journalName=Chin J Biomed Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KE W Q,YUE X H,YANG J,et al. Compressive strength of lower limb bones of human body at perpendicular compression[J]. Chin J Biomed Eng,1986,5(4):202-207., articleTitle=Compressive strength of lower limb bones of human body at perpendicular compression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218729505674026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-3097.2018.02.011, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=7, issue=2, pageStart=109, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=76, authorNames=陈佳海, 胡明, 徐成, journalName=转化医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈佳海,胡明,徐成,等. 模拟舰艇冲击运动对不同姿势兔伤情的实验研究[J]. 转化医学杂志,2018,7(2):109-113., articleTitle=模拟舰艇冲击运动对不同姿势兔伤情的实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218729602143020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095-3097.2018.02.011, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=7, issue=2, pageStart=109, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=77, authorNames=CHEN J H, HU M, XU C, journalName=Transl Med J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN J H,HU M,XU C,et al. An experimental study on the simulated ship shock motion to the rabbits in different positions[J]. Transl Med J,2018,7(2):109-113., articleTitle=An experimental study on the simulated ship shock motion to the rabbits in different positions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218729686029101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-6906.2001.03.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=8, issue=3, pageStart=136, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=78, authorNames=柯文棋, 乐秀鸿, 杨军, journalName=中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=柯文棋,乐秀鸿,杨军,等. 水雷爆炸对舰船上动物冲击损伤的试验观察与评价[J]. 中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志,2001,8(3):136-140., articleTitle=水雷爆炸对舰船上动物冲击损伤的试验观察与评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218729765720878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-6906.2001.03.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=8, issue=3, pageStart=136, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=79, authorNames=KE W Q, LE X H, YANG J, journalName=Chin J Naut Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KE W Q,LE X H,YANG J,et al. Experimental observation and assessment of blast injury to animals on the warship induced by mine ex plosion[J]. Chin J Naut Med,2001,8(3):136-140., articleTitle=Experimental observation and assessment of blast injury to animals on the warship induced by mine ex plosion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218729853801263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1115/1.4046638, pmid=32154843, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=142, issue=9, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=64, rfOrder=80, authorNames=OTT K, DREWRY D, LUONGO M, journalName=J Biomech Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OTT K,DREWRY D,LUONGO M,et al. Demetropoulos C. Comparison of human surrogate responses in underbody blast loading conditions[J]. J Biomech Eng,2020,142(9):091010., articleTitle=Demetropoulos C. Comparison of human surrogate responses in underbody blast loading conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218729941881648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1115/1.4029981, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=137, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=65, rfOrder=81, authorNames=Bailey A M, Christopher J J, Salzar R S, journalName=J Biomech Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bailey A M,Christopher J J,Salzar R S,et al. Comparison of Hybrid-III and postmortem human surrogate response to simulated underbody blast loading. J Biomech Eng,2015,137(5):051009., articleTitle=Comparison of Hybrid-III and postmortem human surrogate response to simulated underbody blast loading, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218730067710769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11883/1001-1455(2011)05-0521-07, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=31, issue=5, pageStart=521, pageEnd=527, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=66, rfOrder=82, authorNames=张玮, 史少华, journalName=爆炸与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张玮,史少华. 水面舰艇舰员对水下爆炸冲击响应[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2011,31(5):521-527., articleTitle=水面舰艇舰员对水下爆炸冲击响应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218730155791154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11883/1001-1455(2011)05-0521-07, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=31, issue=5, pageStart=521, pageEnd=527, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=66, rfOrder=83, authorNames=ZHANG W, SHI S H, journalName=Explos Shock Waves, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG W,SHI S H. Research on the surface ship biodynamic response subjected to underwater explosion[J]. Explos Shock Waves,2011,31(5):521-527., articleTitle=Research on the surface ship biodynamic response subjected to underwater explosion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218730248065843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3389/fneur.2012.00030, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=3, issue=null, pageStart=30, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=67, rfOrder=84, authorNames=RISLING M, DAVIDSSON J, journalName=Front Neurol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RISLING M,DAVIDSSON J. Experimental animal models for studies on the mechanisms of blast-induced neurotrauma[J]. Front Neurol,2012,3:30., articleTitle=Experimental animal models for studies on the mechanisms of blast-induced neurotrauma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218730340340532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1179/1743132813Y.0000000314, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=36, issue=11, pageStart=974, pageEnd=982, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=68, rfOrder=85, authorNames=LI B C, LI Y, XU C, journalName=Neurol Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI B C,LI Y,XU C,et al. Blast-induced traumatic brain injury of goats in confined space[J]. Neurol Res,2014,36(11):974-982., articleTitle=Blast-induced traumatic brain injury of goats in confined space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218730424226613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1009-4237.2008.04.017, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=10, issue=4, pageStart=341, pageEnd=344, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=69, rfOrder=86, authorNames=张红叶, 冯正直, 赖西南, journalName=创伤外科杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张红叶,冯正直,赖西南,等. 舱室内爆炸对大鼠学习记忆、行为的影响[J]. 创伤外科杂志,2008,10(4):341-344., articleTitle=舱室内爆炸对大鼠学习记忆、行为的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218730512306998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1009-4237.2008.04.017, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=10, issue=4, pageStart=341, pageEnd=344, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=69, rfOrder=87, authorNames=ZHANG H Y, FENG Z Z, LAI X N, journalName=J Trauma Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H Y,FENG Z Z,LAI X N,et al. Effects of blasting wave in confined space on abilities of learning,memory and behavior in rats[J]. J Trauma Surg,2008,10(4):341-344., articleTitle=Effects of blasting wave in confined space on abilities of learning,memory and behavior in rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218730625553207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.08.13, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=666, pageEnd=670, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=70, rfOrder=88, authorNames=高洁, 康健毅, 王丽丽, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高洁,康健毅,王丽丽,等. 密闭舱室内爆炸致大鼠失能性脑损伤的神经电生理机制研究[J]. 解放军医学杂志,2015,40(8):666-670., articleTitle=密闭舱室内爆炸致大鼠失能性脑损伤的神经电生理机制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218730709439288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.08.13, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=666, pageEnd=670, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=70, rfOrder=89, authorNames=GAO J, KANG J Y, WANG L L, journalName=Med J Chin PLA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO J,KANG J Y,WANG L L,et al. Neuroelectrophysiological mechanism of disabling brain injury resulting from exposure of rat to blast in a tightly closed compartment[J]. Med J Chin PLA,2015,40(8):666-670., articleTitle=Neuroelectrophysiological mechanism of disabling brain injury resulting from exposure of rat to blast in a tightly closed compartment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218730814296889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.03.11, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=234, pageEnd=238, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=71, rfOrder=90, authorNames=李彦腾, 程岗, 刘帅, journalName=解放军医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李彦腾,程岗,刘帅,等. 舰船邻舱爆炸致比格犬脑损伤的实验研究[J]. 解放军医学杂志,2017,42(3):234-238., articleTitle=舰船邻舱爆炸致比格犬脑损伤的实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218730940126010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.03.11, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=234, pageEnd=238, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=71, rfOrder=91, authorNames=LI Y T, CHENG G, LIU S, journalName=Med J Chin PLA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y T,CHENG G,LIU S,et al. Experimental study on brain injury in Beagle dogs caused by adjacent cabin explosion in warship[J]. Med J Chin PLA,2017,42(3):234-238., articleTitle=Experimental study on brain injury in Beagle dogs caused by adjacent cabin explosion in warship, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218731049177915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1002/cnm.2590, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=30, issue=1, pageStart=69, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=72, rfOrder=92, authorNames=REZAEI A, SALIMI JAZI M, KARAMI G, journalName=Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REZAEI A,SALIMI JAZI M,KARAMI G. Computational modeling of human head under blast in confined and open spaces:primary blast injury[J]. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng,2014,30(1):69-82., articleTitle=Computational modeling of human head under blast in confined and open spaces:primary blast injury, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218731158229820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=5, pageStart=1681, pageEnd=1691, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=73, rfOrder=93, authorNames=李冈, 徐冰川, 胡滨, journalName=兵工学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李冈,徐冰川,胡滨,等. 复杂爆炸载荷致肺损伤试验研究[J]. 兵工学报,2024,45(5):1681-1691., articleTitle=复杂爆炸载荷致肺损伤试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218731275670333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=5, pageStart=1681, pageEnd=1691, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=73, rfOrder=94, authorNames=LI G, XU B C, HU B, journalName=Acta Armamentarii, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI G,XU B C,HU B,et al. Experimental research on human lung injury induced by complex blast wave[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2024,45(5):1681-1691., articleTitle=Experimental research on human lung injury induced by complex blast wave, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218731380527934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1177/2041419619849083, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=3, pageStart=306, pageEnd=329, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=74, rfOrder=95, authorNames=ALTERMAN D, STEWART M G, NETHERTON MD, journalName=Int J Protecte Structures, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALTERMAN D,STEWART M G,NETHERTON MD. Probabilistic assessment of airblast variability and fatality risk estimation for explosive blasts in confined building spaces[J]. Int J Protecte Structures. 2019;10(3):306-329., articleTitle=Probabilistic assessment of airblast variability and fatality risk estimation for explosive blasts in confined building spaces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218731456025407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2013.09.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=32, issue=9, pageStart=35, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=75, rfOrder=96, authorNames=范俊奇, 董宏晓, 高永红, journalName=振动与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=范俊奇,董宏晓,高永红,等. 爆炸冲击波作用下工事舱室内动物损伤效应试验研究[J]. 振动与冲击,2013,32(9):35-39., articleTitle=爆炸冲击波作用下工事舱室内动物损伤效应试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218731573465920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2013.09.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=32, issue=9, pageStart=35, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=75, rfOrder=97, authorNames=FAN J Q, DONG H X, GAO Y H, journalName=J Vib Shock, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN J Q,DONG H X,GAO Y H,et al. Experimental investigation on damage effects on animals under the action of blast wave in a chamber[J]. J Vib Shock,2013,32(9):35-39., articleTitle=Experimental investigation on damage effects on animals under the action of blast wave in a chamber, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218731653157697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3321/j.issn:1000-5404.2009.01.026, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=60, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=76, rfOrder=98, authorNames=康建毅, 彭承琳, 赖西南, journalName=第三军医大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=康建毅,彭承琳,赖西南,等. 密闭舱室内冲击波作用下胸部动态响应规律的研究[J]. 第三军医大学学报,2009,31(1):60-63., articleTitle=密闭舱室内冲击波作用下胸部动态响应规律的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218731745432386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3321/j.issn:1000-5404.2009.01.026, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=60, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=76, rfOrder=99, authorNames=KANG J Y, PENG C L, LAI X N, journalName=J Tnird Mil Med Univ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KANG J Y,PENG C L,LAI X N,et al. Dynamic response of chest to blast wave in closed chamber in rats[J]. J Tnird Mil Med Univ,2009,31(1):60-63., articleTitle=Dynamic response of chest to blast wave in closed chamber in rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218731825124163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1007/s10439-021-02750-x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=49, issue=10, pageStart=2944, pageEnd=2956, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=77, rfOrder=100, authorNames=SEKINE Y, SAITOH D, YOSHIMURA Y, journalName=Ann Biomed Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEKINE Y,SAITOH D,YOSHIMURA Y,et al. Efficacy of body armor in protection against blast injuries using a swine model in a confined space with a blast tube[J]. Ann Biomed Eng,2021,49(10):2944-2956., articleTitle=Efficacy of body armor in protection against blast injuries using a swine model in a confined space with a blast tube, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218731925787460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1063/5.0146165, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=78, rfOrder=101, authorNames=KOKKINAKIS I W, DRIKAKIS D, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KOKKINAKIS I W,DRIKAKIS D. Internal explosions and their effects on humans[J]. 2023,35(4):046101., articleTitle=Internal explosions and their effects on humans, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218732013867845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109890, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=238, issue=null, pageStart=109890, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=79, rfOrder=102, authorNames=LI Y Q, FAN H L, GAO X L, journalName=Compos Part B Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y Q,FAN H L,GAO X L. Ballistic helmets:Recent advances in materials,protection mechanisms,performance,and head injury mitigation[J]. Compos Part B Eng,2022,238:109890., articleTitle=Ballistic helmets:Recent advances in materials,protection mechanisms,performance,and head injury mitigation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218732110336838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0228802, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=15, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=80, rfOrder=103, authorNames='T EYNDE J OP, YU A W, ECKERSLEY C P, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference='T EYNDE J OP,YU A W,ECKERSLEY C P,et al. Primary blast wave protection in combat helmet design:a historical comparison between present day and world war I[J]. PLoS One,2020,15(2):e0228802., articleTitle=Primary blast wave protection in combat helmet design:a historical comparison between present day and world war I, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218732215194439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1007/s10439-022-02936-x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=11, pageStart=1579, pageEnd=1595, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=81, rfOrder=104, authorNames=YU X C, GHAJARI M, journalName=Ann Biomed Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU X C,GHAJARI M. Protective performance of helmets and goggles in mitigating brain biomechanical response to primary blast exposure[J]. Ann Biomed Eng,2022,50(11):1579-1595., articleTitle=Protective performance of helmets and goggles in mitigating brain biomechanical response to primary blast exposure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218732303274824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1080/10255842.2023.2285240, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=82, rfOrder=105, authorNames=NIE W X, WEN Y K, DONG F D, journalName=Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIE W X,WEN Y K,DONG F D,et al. The fatal effect of shock waves on the head of a person wearing a polyurea-reinforced ballistic helmet[J]. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin,2023:1-14., articleTitle=The fatal effect of shock waves on the head of a person wearing a polyurea-reinforced ballistic helmet, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218732500407113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1016/j.tws.2024.111666, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=198, issue=null, pageStart=111666, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=83, rfOrder=106, authorNames=LI Y Q, LIN J, LIU S, journalName=Thin Walled Struct, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y Q,LIN J,LIU S,et al. Experimental and numerical study on the protective mechanism of the full helmet subjected to blast loadings[J]. Thin Walled Struct,2024,198:111666., articleTitle=Experimental and numerical study on the protective mechanism of the full helmet subjected to blast loadings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218732609459018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2019.02.004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=131, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=84, rfOrder=107, authorNames=徐斌, 王成, 臧立伟, journalName=北京理工大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐斌,王成,臧立伟,等. 爆炸冲击波与防弹衣相互作用的数值模拟[J]. 北京理工大学学报,2019,39(2):131-134., articleTitle=爆炸冲击波与防弹衣相互作用的数值模拟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218732710122315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2019.02.004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=131, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=84, rfOrder=108, authorNames=XU B, WANG C, ZANG L W, journalName=Trans Beijing Inst Technol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU B,WANG C,ZANG L W,et al. Numerical simulation on the impact of explosion shock wave on bullet-proof vest[J]. Trans Beijing Inst Technol,2019,39(2):131-134., articleTitle=Numerical simulation on the impact of explosion shock wave on bullet-proof vest, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218732814979916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11809/scbgxb2017.06.031, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=142, pageEnd=145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=85, rfOrder=109, authorNames=邵先锋, 赵捍东, 朱福林, journalName=兵器装备工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邵先锋,赵捍东,朱福林,等. 一种新型柔性复合防护结构的数值模拟[J]. 兵器装备工程学报,2017,38(6):142-145., articleTitle=一种新型柔性复合防护结构的数值模拟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218732928226125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11809/scbgxb2017.06.031, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=142, pageEnd=145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=85, rfOrder=110, authorNames=SHAO X F, ZHAO H D, ZHU F L, journalName=J Ordnance Equip Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAO X F,ZHAO H D,ZHU F L,et al. Numerical simulation of a new flexible compound protective structure[J]. J Ordnance Equip Eng,2017,38(6):142-145., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of a new flexible compound protective structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218733066638158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.7759/cureus.57568, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=16, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=86, rfOrder=111, authorNames=KIRIU N, SAITOH D, SEKINE Y, journalName=Cureus, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KIRIU N,SAITOH D,SEKINE Y,et al. Effectiveness of body armor against shock waves:preventing blast injury in a confined space[J]. Cureus,2024,16(4):e57568., articleTitle=Effectiveness of body armor against shock waves:preventing blast injury in a confined space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218733238604623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11883/bzycj-2022-0515, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=6, pageStart=149, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=87, rfOrder=112, authorNames=王智, 常利军, 黄星源, journalName=爆炸与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王智,常利军,黄星源,等. 爆炸冲击波与破片联合作用下防弹衣复合结构防护效果的数值模拟[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2023,43(6):149-160., articleTitle=爆炸冲击波与破片联合作用下防弹衣复合结构防护效果的数值模拟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218733515428688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.11883/bzycj-2022-0515, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=6, pageStart=149, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=87, rfOrder=113, authorNames=WANG Z, CHANG L J, HUANG X Y, journalName=Explos Shock Waves, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Z,CHANG L J,HUANG X Y,et al. Simulation on the defending effect of composite structure of body armor under the combined action of blast wave and fragments[J]. Explos Shock Waves,2023,43(6):149-160., articleTitle=Simulation on the defending effect of composite structure of body armor under the combined action of blast wave and fragments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218733658035025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=88, rfOrder=114, authorNames=国防科学技术工业委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国防科学技术工业委员会. GJB2689-96,水面舰艇冲击对人体作用安全限值[S/OL]. (1996-06-04)[2018-8-30]. http://www.doc88.com/p-5149105962311.html., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218733758698322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=88, rfOrder=115, authorNames=National Defense Science and Technology Industry Committee, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Defense Science and Technology Industry Committee. GJB2689-96,Safety limits for impact on human body effects on surface ships [S/OL]. (1996-06-04) [2018-8-30]. http://www.doc88.com/p-5149105962311.html., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218733897110355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.1177/1077546312449642, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=19, issue=13, pageStart=1999, pageEnd=2012, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=89, rfOrder=116, authorNames=CHEN Y, WANG Y, HUA H X, journalName=J Vib Contr, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Y,WANG Y,HUA H X. Performance of an elastic polymer foam cushion in attenuating responses of shipboard standing-men to ship vertical shock[J]. J Vib Contr,2013,19(13):1999-2012., articleTitle=Performance of an elastic polymer foam cushion in attenuating responses of shipboard standing-men to ship vertical shock, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218734031328084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.16156/j.1004-7220.2011.01.006, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=39, pageEnd=42,50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=90, rfOrder=117, authorNames=张玮, journalName=医用生物力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张玮. 水面舰艇舰员水下爆炸冲击防护研究[J]. 医用生物力学,2011,26(1):39-42,50., articleTitle=水面舰艇舰员水下爆炸冲击防护研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218734173934421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.16156/j.1004-7220.2011.01.006, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=39, pageEnd=42,50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=90, rfOrder=118, authorNames=ZHANG W, journalName=J Med Biomech, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG W. Research on the shock protection of surface ship crew subjected to underwater explosion[J]. J Med Biomech,2011,26(1):39-42,50., articleTitle=Research on the shock protection of surface ship crew subjected to underwater explosion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218734274597718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=13, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=91, rfOrder=119, authorNames=张发厅, journalName=舰船科学技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张发厅. 小型船舶的舷侧抗冲击结构研究[J]. 舰船科学技术,2018,40(2):13-15., articleTitle=小型船舶的舷侧抗冲击结构研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218734417204055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=13, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=91, rfOrder=120, authorNames=ZHANG F T, journalName=Ship Sci Technol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG F T. Research on side impact resistance structure of small ships[J]. Ship Sci Technol,2018,40(2):13-15., articleTitle=Research on side impact resistance structure of small ships, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218734505284440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2012.03.025, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=466, pageEnd=470, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=92, rfOrder=121, authorNames=黄建松, 汪玉, 李政年, journalName=中国生物医学工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄建松,汪玉,李政年,等. 舰员抗冲击鞋性能试验及评估方法研究[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报,2012,31(3):466-470., articleTitle=舰员抗冲击鞋性能试验及评估方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218734605947737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2012.03.025, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=466, pageEnd=470, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=92, rfOrder=122, authorNames=HUANG J S, WANG Y, LI Z N, journalName=Chin J Biomed Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG J S,WANG Y,LI Z N,et al. Tests and evaluation on shipboard personnel anti-shock shoes[J]. Chin J Biomed Eng,2012,31(3):466-470., articleTitle=Tests and evaluation on shipboard personnel anti-shock shoes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218734710805338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=75, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=93, rfOrder=123, authorNames=Świerczewski M., Sławiński G., Malesa P, journalName=Computational and Experimental Simulations in Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Świerczewski M.,Sławiński G.,Malesa P. (2020). Modelling and the FEM Analysis of the Effects of the Blast Wave on the Floor of a Vehicle According to the AEP-55 Vol. 2 Methodology[A]. In:Okada,H.,Atluri,S. (eds) Computational and Experimental Simulations in Engineering. ICCES 2019. Mechanisms and Machine Science,vol 75. Springer,Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27053-7_99., articleTitle=Modelling and the FEM Analysis of the Effects of the Blast Wave on the Floor of a Vehicle According to the AEP-55 Vol. 2 Methodology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218734828245851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=94, rfOrder=124, authorNames=Litt O. P., Army Research Laboratory U.S., journalName=Army Research Laboratory, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Litt O. P.,& Army Research Laboratory U.S.. (2004). Recommendations for a new and improved ORCA modeling system blast module[J]. Army Research Laboratory. https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/LPS124999., articleTitle=Recommendations for a new and improved ORCA modeling system blast module, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322218734916326236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=95, rfOrder=125, authorNames=Jia Y., Wen Y., Dong F., Qin B., Liu R, journalName=Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jia Y.,Wen Y.,Dong F.,Qin B.,& Liu R. (2024). RETRACTED ARTICLE:Human vulnerability assessment based on bullet motion and cavity expansion model with tissue identification[J]. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering,1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2023.2294263., articleTitle=RETRACTED ARTICLE:Human vulnerability assessment based on bullet motion and cavity expansion model with tissue identification, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322218718034252460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218718042641069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, companyId=1322218718034252460, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Laboratory of Bioeffective Technology,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218718051029678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, companyId=1322218718034252460, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1兵器工业卫生研究所生物效应技术研究室,西安)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322218719812637381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=DOJ4CKhJ0gg5eQkkYG+3RA==, figureFileBig=2EA5baMVoiLP5f4wraJiKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218719917494982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, label=图1, caption=山羊颅脑中压力传感器的布放[16]

传感器(B)插入右颞骨并连接到大脑右颞叶表面(A)

, figureFileSmall=DOJ4CKhJ0gg5eQkkYG+3RA==, figureFileBig=2EA5baMVoiLP5f4wraJiKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218720156570311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tb0qmkg4E8taJpT76UUeSQ==, figureFileBig=HzULwXbwxSmIJo7l84jcuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218720269816520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, label=图2, caption=爆炸冲击波致脑损伤数值模拟研究[27], figureFileSmall=tb0qmkg4E8taJpT76UUeSQ==, figureFileBig=HzULwXbwxSmIJo7l84jcuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218720349508297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=LWjdhcZLH3XWaGvR32V+Pg==, figureFileBig=DLxHdFPe2iHo/v0R8cj4AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218720437588682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, label=图3, caption=爆炸冲击波致山羊损伤现场布放图[29], figureFileSmall=LWjdhcZLH3XWaGvR32V+Pg==, figureFileBig=DLxHdFPe2iHo/v0R8cj4AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218720529863371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=M6WHtlHTICHHPDwZzzZPVg==, figureFileBig=iXnHiy4vkIFDvcYhuVOuqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218720622138060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, label=图4, caption=数值模拟爆炸冲击波致人体损伤, figureFileSmall=M6WHtlHTICHHPDwZzzZPVg==, figureFileBig=iXnHiy4vkIFDvcYhuVOuqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218720710218445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ETrjSaMIWASGzmEuuZ9pGA==, figureFileBig=uO8cfZRHnK5AXfiH6uFJhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218720810881742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, label=图5, caption=实船水下爆炸冲击试验[59], figureFileSmall=ETrjSaMIWASGzmEuuZ9pGA==, figureFileBig=uO8cfZRHnK5AXfiH6uFJhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218720886379215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VIJroJTLm5u8CDfY/DieaQ==, figureFileBig=SKMUJkXeDEqNYGUN10H56A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218720991236816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, label=图6, caption=舱室布置图[71], figureFileSmall=VIJroJTLm5u8CDfY/DieaQ==, figureFileBig=SKMUJkXeDEqNYGUN10H56A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218721096094417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/AQ3AycNEZSCdmNE05KXmg==, figureFileBig=26smyiz53GUG3qN92oUwqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218721171591890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, label=图7, caption=地下工事[72], figureFileSmall=/AQ3AycNEZSCdmNE05KXmg==, figureFileBig=26smyiz53GUG3qN92oUwqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322218721293226707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冲击波超压/MPa毁伤程度
0.02~0.03轻微(轻微的挫伤)
0.03~0.05中等(听觉器官损伤、中等挫伤、骨折)
0.05~0.1严重(内脏严重挫伤、可引起死亡)
>0.1极严重(可能大部分人死亡)
), ArticleFig(id=1322218721406472916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

爆炸冲击波超压与人员毁伤

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冲击波超压/MPa毁伤程度
0.02~0.03轻微(轻微的挫伤)
0.03~0.05中等(听觉器官损伤、中等挫伤、骨折)
0.05~0.1严重(内脏严重挫伤、可引起死亡)
>0.1极严重(可能大部分人死亡)
), ArticleFig(id=1322218721486164693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤等级ASII评分
无损伤0.0~0.2
轻微损伤到轻伤0.2~1.0
轻伤到中度伤0.3~1.9
中度伤到重度伤1.0~7.1
>50%致死率>3.6
), ArticleFig(id=1322218721591022294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Axelsson损伤分类对应的ASII评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤等级ASII评分
无损伤0.0~0.2
轻微损伤到轻伤0.2~1.0
轻伤到中度伤0.3~1.9
中度伤到重度伤1.0~7.1
>50%致死率>3.6
), ArticleFig(id=1322218721712657111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤等级ASII v/(m⋅s-1)
无损伤0.0~0.20.0~3.6
轻微损伤到轻伤0.2~1.03.6~7.5
轻伤到中度伤0.3~1.94.3~9.8
中度伤到重度伤
>50%致死率
1.0~7.1
>3.6
7.5~16.9
>12.8
), ArticleFig(id=1322218721813320408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Axelsson损伤分类与 ASII 和v之间的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤等级ASII v/(m⋅s-1)
无损伤0.0~0.20.0~3.6
轻微损伤到轻伤0.2~1.03.6~7.5
轻伤到中度伤0.3~1.94.3~9.8
中度伤到重度伤
>50%致死率
1.0~7.1
>3.6
7.5~16.9
>12.8
), ArticleFig(id=1322218721909789401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤等级冲击波冲量/( kPa·ms)
无损伤33.79
轻度损伤68.79
中度损伤137.93
重度损伤282.76
1%人员死亡427.59
50%人员死亡596.82
), ArticleFig(id=1322218722010452698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

水下冲击伤评判标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤等级冲击波冲量/( kPa·ms)
无损伤33.79
轻度损伤68.79
中度损伤137.93
重度损伤282.76
1%人员死亡427.59
50%人员死亡596.82
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1319372634082869396, delFlag=0, nameCn=陆军军医大学学报, nameEn=Journal of Army Medical University, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2097-0927, eissn=null, cn=50-1223/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=zdiTazv9TbsMJqLaCJ/k7A==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Army Medical University, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1792492548725, updatedTime=1792745216517, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=L, firstLetterEn=L, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=zdiTazv9TbsMJqLaCJ/k7A==, picEn=931BgeD2k9AIsc7QjHoQKg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1320432400862135101, language=CN, name=陆军军医大学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1792745216813, updatedTime=1792745216813, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ljjydx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn, submissionReviewUrl=https://ljjydx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1320432400933438270, language=EN, name=Journal of Army Medical University, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1792745216830, updatedTime=1792745216830, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ljjydx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn, submissionReviewUrl=https://ljjydx.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1319373162502258839, websiteList=[Website(id=1319376331821925278, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1319373162502258839, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1792493430333, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1792493552921, updateBy=18614031015, name=陆军军医大学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=陆军军医大学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1319376971570729589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1792493582861, updateTime=1792493582861, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971549758066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1792493582856, updateTime=1792493582856, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971591701112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493582866, updateTime=1792493582866, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971541369457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=Mmvh7crXM7dcUwf9n9+ehg==, createTime=1792493582854, updateTime=1792493582854, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971608478330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493582870, updateTime=1792493582870, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971562340980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1792493582859, updateTime=1792493582859, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971600089721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493582868, updateTime=1792493582868, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971558146675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1792493582858, updateTime=1792493582858, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971574923894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1792493582862, updateTime=1792493582862, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376971583312503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331821925278, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1792493582864, updateTime=1792493582864, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1319376331905811365, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1319373162502258839, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1792493430353, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1792493548158, updateBy=18614031015, name=陆军军医大学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Army Medical University, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1319376935873008230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1792493574350, updateTime=1792493574350, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935843648099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1792493574343, updateTime=1792493574343, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935902368361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493574357, updateTime=1792493574357, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935835259490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=Mmvh7crXM7dcUwf9n9+ehg==, createTime=1792493574341, updateTime=1792493574341, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935914951275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493574360, updateTime=1792493574360, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935864619621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1792493574348, updateTime=1792493574348, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935906562666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493574358, updateTime=1792493574358, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935856231012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1792493574346, updateTime=1792493574346, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935881396839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1792493574352, updateTime=1792493574352, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376935889785448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331905811365, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1792493574354, updateTime=1792493574354, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://aammt.tmmu.edu.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Army Medical University, journalPhotoCn=zdiTazv9TbsMJqLaCJ/k7A==, journalPhotoEn=931BgeD2k9AIsc7QjHoQKg==, journalFirstLetter=L, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406052, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/EN/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406052, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/PDF/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406052, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/EN/PDF/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406052, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1748534400000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
不同工况下爆炸冲击波致人员损伤研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
喻伯牙 , 高俊宏
陆军军医大学学报 | 军事医学 2025,47(10): 1029-1042
收起
收藏切换
陆军军医大学学报 |军事医学 2025 , 47 (10) : 1029 -1042
不同工况下爆炸冲击波致人员损伤研究进展
全屏
[Author(id=1322218718143304368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322218718231384754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, authorId=1322218718143304368, language=EN, stringName=Boya YU, firstName=Boya, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Laboratory of Bioeffective Technology,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322218718306882227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, authorId=1322218718143304368, language=CN, stringName=喻伯牙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1兵器工业卫生研究所生物效应技术研究室,西安, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322218718034252460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218718042641069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, companyId=1322218718034252460, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Laboratory of Bioeffective Technology,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218718051029678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, companyId=1322218718034252460, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1兵器工业卫生研究所生物效应技术研究室,西安)])]), Author(id=1322218718399156917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=gaoxing2285@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322218718499820215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, authorId=1322218718399156917, language=EN, stringName=Junhong GAO, firstName=Junhong, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Laboratory of Bioeffective Technology,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322218718583706296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, authorId=1322218718399156917, language=CN, stringName=高俊宏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1兵器工业卫生研究所生物效应技术研究室,西安, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322218718034252460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218718042641069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, companyId=1322218718034252460, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Laboratory of Bioeffective Technology,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322218718051029678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322218713739285147, companyId=1322218718034252460, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1兵器工业卫生研究所生物效应技术研究室,西安)])])]
喻伯牙, 高俊宏
作者信息
  • 1兵器工业卫生研究所生物效应技术研究室,西安
通讯作者:
‍通‍信‍作‍者‍:高俊宏,E-mail:
GAO Junhong,E-mail:
Progress in explosive shock wave-caused injuries in complicated work environment
Boya YU, Junhong GAO
Affiliations
  • 1Laboratory of Bioeffective Technology,Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi’an,Shaanxi,China
出版时间: 2025-05-30 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406052
文章导航
收藏切换

爆炸伤导致人员伤亡的比例逐年升高,其中爆炸冲击波所引起的损伤是导致人员死亡的主要因素。由于爆炸冲击波受环境的影响会产生不同的传播规律,导致所处空间内人员损伤情况也不同,所以明确不同工况对爆炸冲击波致人员损伤规律的影响,将为评估武器弹药爆炸威力,指导实战过程中人员防护装备的选用提供重要支撑。本文探讨了冲击波在自由场、水下、密闭及半密闭空间内对人员的损伤规律,指出了目前不同工况下爆炸冲击波致人员损伤研究中存在的不足,并对该研究和应用进行了总结,最后提出了后续研究中需要解决的关键技术与发展方向,为将来爆炸冲击波致人员损伤的研究提供参考和依据。

爆炸冲击波  /  自由场  /  水下  /  密闭空间  /  半密闭空间  /  损伤

The proportion of casualties caused by blast injuries is increasing year by year, with those induced by shock waves being the main life-threatening factor. Because of the different propagation laws of the explosive shock waves in various environments, the waves will result in different damages on the person in the space. So, clarifying the impacts of different work conditions on the blast injuries will provide important supports for the assessment of the explosive power of weapons and ammunition and for the guidance for personal protective equipment selection in the process of actual combat. In this article, we discuss the rules in the shock wave-induced injuries in the free field, underwater, confined and semi-confined spaces, identify the shortcomings in the current research on blast injuries in different environments, summarize the current states of the research and application, and finally, bring forward to the key technologies and development directions that need to be solved in the subsequent research in order to provide a reference basis for future research on the injuries caused by explosive shock waves.

blast shock wave  /  free field  /  underwater  /  confined space  /  semi-confined space  /  injury
喻伯牙, 高俊宏. 不同工况下爆炸冲击波致人员损伤研究进展. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (10) : 1029 -1042 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406052
Boya YU, Junhong GAO. Progress in explosive shock wave-caused injuries in complicated work environment[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (10) : 1029 -1042 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406052
爆炸是自然界经常发生的一种物理过程或物理化学过程。爆炸作用在军事及和平建设中得到了广泛应用。爆炸作用的主要特征是爆炸产生的高温、高压、高速产物对周围介质做功,因此在爆炸中心周围的介质中产生压力突跃(冲击波),这是造成破坏的直接原因。爆炸伤是军事行动、恐怖袭击和和平时期事故中最常见的致命伤害[1]。根据现代局部战争创伤分析[2],爆炸造成的个人伤亡约占集体伤亡的70%,其中约60%由冲击波造成[3-4]。
目前研究者们对爆炸冲击波致人员损伤的研究主要集中在自由场,水下、密闭,半密闭空间。冲击波可导致内脏以及脑组织损伤甚至死亡,且不会对体表造成明显损伤 [5]。与开放的自由空间相比,冲击波在密闭、半密闭空间中的传播状态要复杂得多,由于多次反射叠加,产生的峰值压力明显增加,对人员将造成更大的损伤。在水下,炸药爆炸的现象和机理都与水介质的特性紧密相关,其中常温、常压下水的液态性质是最主要的根源。相较于空气,水的密度和声速更大、可压缩性更小,所以在水中爆炸冲击波造成的人员损伤更大。不同地形、不同环境对冲击波压力的干扰衰减作用完全不同,所造成的人员损伤也不同。研究爆炸冲击波在上述几种工况环境下致人员损伤的规律和动态响应特性,可用于人员防护,以及为作战时弹药种类的选用提供理论依据。因此研究不同工况对爆炸冲击波致人员损伤的影响具有重要意义。
目前应用比较广泛的爆炸冲击波致人员损伤评判标准为超压准则[6-7](表1)、修正Bowen损伤曲线[8]、Axelsson损伤模型[9]以及校正损伤严重度指数创伤评分[10](adjusted injury of severity index,ASII)。
表1中超压值对应的人员毁伤结果为核爆毁伤数据,这与实际工况下三硝基甲苯(trinitrotoluene,TNT)爆炸产生的毁伤结果不一致。因此用该毁伤准则来评估人员受损伤程度并不客观。
修正Bowen损伤曲线:Bowen等[8]建立了13种动物与人类之间的爆炸损伤量效关系。他们建立了超压峰值与这些动物和人类死亡率之间的关系曲线(Bowen曲线),并解释了爆炸耐受性与体型/质量、肺密度之间的关系。虽然Bowen损伤曲线在大多实验中被广泛使用,但其依赖于死亡率和急性肺损伤率,因此它在创伤性脑损伤研究中受到限制。目前已经证实身体大小和质量会影响爆炸耐受性,但还应考虑其他因素,例如身体几何形状和生物特征。所以在某些情况下该毁伤准则可能导致错误的结论。
ASII评分:参考美国YELVERTON[10]的爆炸伤病理学评分系统,将动物各个器官在爆炸中受到的损害用创伤分值表示,得到校正损伤严重程度指数ASII,依据评分结果判定创伤水平。ASII评分被广泛应用于生物爆炸冲击波损伤评估中,它不仅可以对肺部损伤进行评估,而且可以对其他组织器官进行评估,应用范围广,其评价标准如表2所示。
Axelsson损伤模型:Axelsson等[9]基于动物试验数据,建立了胸腹部爆炸伤与ASII评分、最大胸壁运动速度v之间的关系,如表3所示,详见公式(1)。
ASII=(0.124+0.117v)2.63
目前的研究大多为自由场爆炸冲击波致人员损伤,研究者们主要采用的方法是外场实验,激波管建模和数值模拟分析。冲击波作为人体损伤的毁伤元,它主要作用于含有空气的生物器官,例如人体肺组织以及脑组织。研究表明在美伊战争和阿富汗战争中,由爆炸引起的创伤性脑损伤(blast -induced traumatic brain injury,b-TBI)和肺部损伤是导致作战人员死亡的关键因素[11-13]。
最初为了研究爆炸冲击波致人员脑损伤的机制、机理,CERNAK等[14]利用激波管对大鼠全身或局部(胸部)进行自由场爆炸冲击波损伤实验,结果显示:暴露于爆炸超压下会诱发大脑海马的超微结构和生化损伤,并导致认知障碍。BOLANDER等[15]从生物力学方面研究爆炸导致大鼠的相关神经创伤,使用布放在颅骨表面的应变片和皮层内的压力传感器,来测量大鼠头部受到冲击波载荷时的生物力学反应。实验结果表明:爆炸冲击导致的颅骨弯曲可能是造成颅内压升高的主要因素,但其研究的是物理因素,并没有研究爆炸冲击波对生物机理的影响。CHEN等[16]将36只体质量约25 kg的雄性山羊随机分为4组(n=9),分别放置在距离爆炸中心2、4、6、8 m,使用3 kg TNT作为冲击波的来源,并记录每个距离的压力。显微镜观察发现,主要病理组织学变化为血管周围间隙增大(21/36,58%)、小出血(9/36,25%)、血管扩张和充血(8/36,22%)和蛛网膜下腔出血减少(2/36,6%)。结果表明:b-TBI的严重程度和发生率与爆炸超压强度有关。
冲击波所致的脑损伤主要通过眼、耳、鼻等器官传播,从而引起颅内压的改变[17-19]。FENG等[20]为了评估猪大脑外部和内部在自由场中对不同强度爆炸载荷的机械反应,将5头猪暴露在3.6 kg的C4炸药(composition C-4)产生的爆炸冲击波中,先后进行了19次爆炸试验。其在猪颅骨内布设压力传感器测量颅内压,3个平均峰值眼压水平分别为 148.8、278.9 和 409.2 kPa。最后得出眼压与其相应的大脑生物力学反应之间存在正相关关系。听觉系统的原发性爆炸损伤可引起严重的并发症,但往往被忽视,其中鼓膜穿孔是最常见的损伤[21-22]。为了解爆炸引起的听力损伤机制和治疗方法,CHOI[23]利用大鼠进行了爆炸冲击波下的脑损伤实验,结果显示,抗氧化药物的组合使用可以预防或减少爆炸引起的耳蜗损伤和听力损失。虽然爆炸冲击波中造成的耳损伤占据很大比例,但颅内压的改变是否为冲击波通过耳道造成,并未直接证明,还存在争议,应进一步研究。鼻部爆炸伤在损伤评分标准中占比较小,往往只发生在重度脑损伤患者中[24-26]。目前对于爆炸冲击波通过眼、耳、鼻等器官传播造成脑损伤还只是在探讨阶段,需要更加深入的研究。LIU等[27]利用数值模拟的方法对人体颅脑进行了自由场爆炸冲击波损伤实验,实验解释了头部和大脑在冲击波下的动态响应特性,结果表明,冲击波导致的脑损伤是由头部所受的加速度和皮肤面部肌肉组织、大脑和脑脊液(cerebro-spinal fluid,CSF)变形共同作用引起的。其头部的三维有限元模型和爆炸冲击波流场压力云图如图2所示。
肺部作为爆炸冲击波的主要靶器官,其损伤是导致人员死亡的主要因素。据报道[28],阿富汗战争中肺爆炸冲击伤(blast lung injury,BLI)发生率为 11.2%。李存志等[29]通过战斗部静爆的方式,研究了自由场不同距离处爆炸冲击波致山羊的肺损伤情况。观察了爆炸后肺组织器官的病理学改变,并采用ASII损伤评估方法对山羊进行了损伤评估,现场布放图如图3所示。李川等[30]设计了小当量战斗部对山羊的毁伤试验,拟合了不同毁伤等级的距离—TNT当量评估准则参数。BOUTILLIER[31]等将2组(分别暴露于1.0 ms的冲击波正压时间和1.8 ms的冲击波正压时间)各6头死后的猪暴露于冲击波下,旨在将大型动物胸部受力反应与肺损伤水平相关联,从而确定最大损伤阈值。SUN等[32]研究了自由场爆炸冲击波对兔子肺的损伤效应和损伤机制,实验结果表明:69~102 kPa为轻度至中度损伤;102~249 kPa造成中度伤害;249~390 kPa导致中度至重度损伤;390~533 kPa对兔子造成严重伤害。以上爆炸冲击波致肺损伤研究都是在平原地区进行,而随着海拔不断升高,冲击波超压峰值、比冲量都会降低[33]。一般海拔高于3000 m的地区指高原地区,研究表明[34],相较于平原地区,高原地区冲击波对生物造成的损伤更重,这是由于生物在高原环境下对冲击波的耐受性降低。DUAN等[35]研究了海拔4 700 m环境中温压弹爆炸冲击波致山羊损伤的生物效应特征,以及在不同方向、距离的致死率和肺损伤程度。YIN等[36]发现,在海拔4 000 m和5 000 m处,损伤比平原地区严重1~3级,死亡率分别提高了25%和35%。DAMON等[37]和MENG等[38]利用激波管验证了不同海拔下爆炸冲击波致生物的肺损伤研究,随着环境压力的降低,导致动物致死率为50%的冲击波压力降低,这可能会增加死亡率。
从20世纪80年代开始,美国军事研究部门开启了肺爆炸冲击伤研究项目,整个实验大约使用了1 000多只山羊来研究爆炸冲击波对它们的影响[39-41],目前国内关于人员的爆炸毁伤研究还是沿用美国的损伤评估方法,载体大多采用山羊。然而山羊与人员的生理结构不同,在爆炸冲击波下产生的损伤与人员相比存在差异,难以真实地反映人体损伤和准确描述人体的机械反应。为了获得更加接近人员的损伤结果,周杰等[42]建立了一个简化的人体胸部有限元模型,通过仿真模拟研究了爆炸冲击波作用在肺部的应力应变分布规律,并与爆炸后山羊解剖的实验结果进行了比较。BOUTILLIER等[43]研究了爆炸载荷下胸壁的机械反应,并评估了肺损伤。王波等[44]通过数值模拟的方法,进行了肺损伤研究,并根据 Axelsson 损伤模型列出了不同距离下人员的损伤等级。实验结果显示,胸前壁在爆炸冲击波作用下挤压肺部产生应力波,造成肺损伤。TANG等[45]开发了一种由多个器官组成的高保真人体躯干有限元模型,通过数值模拟的方法,研究在爆炸载荷作用下人体躯干的力学响应过程,人体胸部仿真结果如图4所示。
通过以上自由场爆炸冲击波致人员损伤的特点可知,冲击波的传播规律和颅骨弯曲变形是造成b-TBI的2种主要机制。而且b-TBI深入系统的研究需要全面考虑爆炸载荷对于全身、头部的作用,颅脑内部致伤区域特征以及脑组织局部神经细胞的微观受损情况。冲击波作用下的肺损伤,主要是通过胸前壁挤压肺部,在肺脏内产生应力波,从而造成不同程度的损伤。随着爆炸载荷的增加,人体肺部所受的应力和速度越大,损伤也越严重。
水下爆炸与空气中爆炸最大的区别就是气泡脉动及其效应,相同当量TNT水下爆炸比地面爆炸可能造成更大的伤害[46]。爆轰产物类似于气体,在液态的水中形成气泡,气泡在上浮的同时伴随着不断地脉动。气泡第二次膨胀所产生的脉动压力波称为二次压力波,尽管二次压力波的峰值压力不超过冲击波峰值压力的10%~20%,但它的冲量却和冲击波的冲量相近。有研究记录描述了暴露于水下爆炸的后果,其中包括腹痛或胸痛、短暂性瘫痪、恶心或呕吐、呼吸困难和咳血等症状[47-48]。与空气爆炸类似,含气器官在水中爆炸冲击波作用下受到的损伤最大[49-50],主要集中在肺部、肠道。20世纪60年代,美军利用不同动物(狗、猴、羊、鸭子、鱼等)对水下冲击伤进行全面研究,并提出了当生物体垂直于水中时受到的冲击伤标准和损伤阈值,具体见表4,还提出了水下人员的安全距离压力值为29.42 kPa或冲量小于13.73 kPa·ms[51-52]。
水下冲击波对人造成的损伤多集中在腹部空腔脏器与肺部,实质脏器、颅脑与颌面部损伤相对较少[53]。据报道[54],在20世纪60年代的埃以战争期间,32名人员在水中受到导弹爆炸造成的冲击伤,其中造成27名人员肺损伤,19名人员出现肺和肠胃的损伤。BAR-KOCHBA[55]等利用改进的激波管装置,模拟了暴露于水中冲击波作用下的肺损伤实验,发现肺的高声阻抗严重减弱了冲击波向肺部的传输,类似于充气泡沫。李彦腾[56]等研究了水下爆炸引起水面泅渡战位比格犬脑和肺的损伤情况,他们分别在距爆心5、8、11和15 m的地方各放置4只比格犬,TNT距水面2 m,爆炸后通过CT、MRI以及HE染色检查显示,比格犬脑组织无损伤,而肺泡破裂,肺泡腔内有大量红细胞,肺间质内有大量炎症细胞浸润。因此水下爆炸引起的水面泅渡战位的损伤主要为肺爆震伤,脑组织为轻度损伤。沈文妮等[57]用10只8 kg的比格犬研究了不同量级TNT在水下爆炸造成的人员损伤,研究结果表明,在冲击波、气泡、负压等载荷的作用下,肺部受到的损伤最为严重,潜泳战位比格犬的损伤半径约为泅渡战位的2.5倍。以上文献中研究的都是人员处于泅渡或潜泳、落水时所受的冲击波损伤,这时头部位于水面以上,因而水下爆炸冲击波造成的脑损伤较小。
关于舰船冲击伤,美国早在二战前后就已经展开研究,通过生物力学研究发现人员在舰船上受到的水下冲击波损伤主要集中于腰椎[58],之后美国又陆续开展了驱逐舰、航母等实船水下爆炸冲击试验,如图5所示[59]。为了更加真实地反应舰船冲击伤的特点,MAHONE等[60]进行了真人冲击试验,利用舰船模拟装置记录了700次的试验数据,试验数据包括参试者的主观感受以及他们在甲板上的移动轨迹,并且建立了不同冲击速度下人员飞离甲板的经验公式,这对于各国研究舰船冲击试验具有重要的指导意义。在国内,柯文棋等[61]利用尸体研究了爆炸冲击波对舰船上人体下肢的冲击试验,研究结果表明人体的跟骨耐受性较差,容易受到冲击波的影响,其所承受的损伤阈值为643 kg。
虽然应用真实人体进行舰船冲击研究可获得准确的试验数据,但受到伦理限制,以及考虑到参试人员的安全,国内外大多采用实验动物、模拟假人、数学建模的方法进行研究。程佳海等[62]利用兔子模拟了舰船冲击对人员的损伤情况。通过对兔子的损伤情况分析得出,在卧姿状态下,主要受伤脏器为肺和肝,坐姿状态下,主要损伤部位为脊柱和睾丸。最后得出卧姿比坐姿更容易受到损伤。柯文棋[63]利用犬、兔等实验动物研究了不同距离水雷爆炸对舰艇上人员的损伤情况,实验发现20、50 m处爆炸对舰员的损伤较重,100 m处爆炸对舰员的损伤较轻,从动物损伤结果看,多为胸腹部脏器,少量动物存在骨折现象。美国最早在驱逐舰和扫雷舰上使用坐姿模拟假人F-50,屈立、直立假人C-50进行了舰船冲击试验,他们利用仿真人模拟人员在舰船中坐姿、立姿状态,获取舰船上人员受到水下冲击波的力学响应,试验结果显示仿真人和实际工况下人员受到的冲击伤相似度较高[64]。随后,Hybrid假人被广泛应用于舰船冲击实验,通过假人中布设的传感器可以获得人员各个组织脏器不同方向的加速度,从而根据毁伤评估标准进行人员的损伤判定[65]。张玮等[66]通过建立人体不同姿态下的集中参数模型,分析了水下爆炸对舰船上人员的损伤特点。
水下爆炸伤以及舰船冲击伤的研究,涉及水下爆炸载荷特性、强非线性流固耦合,水下爆炸对舰船结构以及人员的毁伤机理等多种复杂现象,而且不同位姿下的人员损伤情况也不同。利用有限元数值模拟的方法虽然可以进行不同工况下的实验,并且可以节省人力物力,但是目前还没有舰船冲击伤相关的文献报道,这可能与人体结构的复杂性,以及冲击力在舰船内对人员作用的不确定性有关。所以后续研究需要综合数值模拟以及外场实验相结合的方法进行研究。
目前,针对密闭或半密闭空间内爆炸冲击波损伤研究,大多集中于建筑物、舰船、车辆以及地下空间。在这些工况下,爆炸冲击波经过壁面的反射和折射,叠加为复杂的冲击波,这时冲击波的毁伤效果显著增强,对人员造成的损伤也会增加[67]。与自由场一样,密闭或半密闭空间内爆炸冲击波造的损伤主要集中于人体肺部和脑部。
LI等[68]利用山羊探讨了柱状建筑物中的b-TBI,结果显示,通过与开放空间相比,密闭空间诱发脑损伤的超压要低得多,参数为 71 kPa-2.367 ms的反射波就会导致 b-TBI。张红叶等[69]研究了在装甲车舱室中爆炸冲击波致大鼠脑损伤情况。通过水迷宫和明暗箱穿梭实验来判定大鼠的学习记忆功能和行为变化。结果发现暴露后的大鼠对环境适应能力减弱,学习能力明显下降,紧张程度增加。高洁等[70]探讨了密闭舱室内爆炸致大鼠失能性脑损伤的动态变化规律,并于开阔地爆炸后的大鼠损伤情况进行比较,最后得出舱室内大鼠脑失能比开阔地大鼠的更早且伤情更重。李彦腾等[71]研究了舰船邻舱(见图6)爆炸冲击波致比格犬脑损伤研究,实验发现,邻舱爆炸会造成轻度脑损伤,这主要是因为头皮颅骨将大量冲击波阻挡抵消。REZAEI等[72]也通过有限元仿真的方法研究了大脑在半密闭和密闭环境等不同爆炸空间下对机械参数的响应。
李岗等[73]研究了半地下工事内(见图7)人员在复杂冲击波作用下的动态响应特性。并通过Axelsson 损伤模型预测了人体肺部的损伤等级,以及利用爆炸伤病理评分系统评估了山羊的肺损伤等级。Alterman等[74]通过在建筑内的试验发现,23kg的简易爆炸装置造成平均死亡风险为8.6%,如果没有通风(即没有窗户的掩体状结构),平均死亡风险会增加10倍,但对于完全通风的结构,平均死亡风险会降低约30%。范俊奇等[75]进行了舱室内的生物损伤实验,获得了舱室闭口及开口状态下的损伤阈值。康建毅等[76]模拟了装甲运兵车内爆炸冲击波致大鼠胸部损伤的实验。结果表明,肺部的损伤主要是由胸壁变形造成,其损伤机制为粘性损伤机制。SEKINE等[77]在密闭空间内研究了防弹衣对生物胸部的保护作用,研究发现,防弹衣在爆炸后立即防止生物呼吸停止方面具有一定的保护作用。KOKKINAKIS[78]在建筑物内部进行了爆炸冲击波致人员的损伤实验。研究表明,即使在临近房间内爆炸,也会产生相当于人类体重60倍的力,这是由于冲击波在墙壁上反射,对肺部和胃肠道产生显著影响。实验还发现在面向门口的走廊位置对人体造成的损伤更大。
根据以上人员的损伤特点可以看出,与开放环境相比,密闭、半密闭空间中的壁面大大增加了原发性爆炸伤害的风险,因为间接爆炸波将更多的破坏能量传递到人员身上,而且造成人员损伤的阈值也大幅降低。
尽管b-TBI普遍存在,但对其保护作用的研究尚不充分,尤其是对初级冲击波的保护。现代战斗头盔主要设计用于抵抗弹道载荷,例如弹片、子弹和枪击或爆炸的碎片。然而,它们对初级冲击波的防护能力尚未得到很好的研究[79-80]。美国陆军目前使用的先进战斗头盔 (advanced combat helmet,ACH),外壳由嵌入热固性树脂中的编织 Kevlar 织物层压板制成,内部填充物的厚度为 20 mm,由单层硬质和单层软质聚氨酯泡沫组成。YU等[81]综合评估了ACH对不同强度和方向冲击波的防护能力。实验结果发现该头盔在所有爆炸情况下均能有效降低颅内压(intracranial pressure,ICP)(24%~57%)和应变率(5%~34%)。未来的趋势是通过使用轻质涂层来提高头盔的防护性能,而聚脲作为近年来最热门的弹性高分子涂层材料之一,具有优异的物理性能,尤其是其提高目标对爆炸冲击波的防护能力。NIE等[82]研究了聚脲轻质保护涂层的位置对冲击波作用下颅骨弯曲变形的影响。结果表明,在相同表面密度条件下,聚脲涂层可以减少颅骨变形。然而,在头盔的爆炸面表面喷洒聚脲并不能有效减少由爆炸波引起的颅骨变形。
LI等[83]将自由场爆炸实验与数值模拟相结合,综合研究了全防护头盔在爆炸冲击波作用下的防护机理。实验结果表明,佩戴全防护头盔可以有效缓解眼部和前额的超压,该头盔的密封性对峰值超压的衰减有显著影响,且在正面冲击波中可以显著减弱头部超压,眼睛和前额区域的超压与头盔和下颌骨之间的间隙呈线性关系。
当前,最主要的方法是改善头部防护系统的结构和材料,减弱冲击波对于头部的作用。并通过增添防护装置,阻断冲击波与头部之间的直接接触。总之,将多种改进方法相结合,才能降低颅内压、加速度等因素,从而有效地保护头部免受冲击波的伤害。
在实际工况下,爆炸冲击波造成的生物死亡大多是由爆炸冲击波致肺损伤造成,针对这一问题,研究者已经进行了大量的防护研究。徐斌等 [84]利用数值模拟的方法研究了穿戴防弹衣与冲击波的相互作用。实验表明,爆炸冲击波与防弹衣发生相互作用,形成的复杂波系会加重对人体的伤害。邵先锋等[85]设计了一种由泡沫铝、水溶液、凯夫拉(Kevlar)材料复合而成的柔性结构,通过实验结果表明,该柔性结构能有效降低冲击波的压力。KIRIU等[86]进行了密闭空间内防弹衣抵抗冲击波的有效性研究,结果显示,佩戴具有足够颈部和胸部保护装置的防弹衣可降低死亡率。王智等[87]设计了一种由聚脲 (polyurea,PU)、Kevlar和泡沫组成的人体胸部复合防护结构。其防护效果较好,有效降低了峰值压力的大小。上述的防护装置也可以应用于水下爆炸伤的防护,另外,当人员遭受水下爆炸波时,应尽快从深水区转移到浅水区,并将头身体露出水面,尤其是头部,从而减少水中拉伸波对胸腹部和头部的损伤。
1996 年,我国制定了首个舰艇冲击致人员损伤安全标准《GJB2689-96,水面舰艇冲击对人体作用安全限值》,该标准适用于水下爆炸所致的舰艇垂向冲击对舰艇人员的作用,为人员安全评估、舰艇抗冲击设计提供了重要参考[88]。CHEN等[89]从理论上研究了在站立人员和船甲板之间插入弹性聚合物泡沫垫,从而衰减爆炸冲击波对人员的损伤。张玮等[90]发现通过在甲板上加装抗冲击材料,增大甲板与座椅之间的阻尼比和加大甲板的阻尼系数可以减轻对舰艇人员损伤。对舰艇结构进行优化,通过优化舰艇夹层板,在质量不变的前提下增加舰艇抗冲击性能[91]。其次,穿戴抗冲击鞋[92]、防冲击头盔、防弹衣等可有效减少舰艇冲击伤的发生。
目前,研究人员利用生物实验和激波管实验,以及数值模拟实验对爆炸冲击波致人员损伤进行了大量研究,并且取得了较大的进展。通过力学和分子生物学详细地分析了人员在受到爆炸冲击波后各组织器官的变化情况。为人员损伤判定提供了数据支撑。但现有爆炸冲击波理论公式在爆炸材料、爆源环境不同的情况下适用性较差,还需要添加修正因子来提高完善公式的精度。水下实验由于环境的影响,相关研究相对滞后,而且实验环境与海洋环境相差较大,得出的实验数据与真实数据相比还有一定差异。因此,在后面应该加强数值模拟,从而构建完善的水下冲击伤数学模型,为今后水下冲击伤的实验研究提供数据支撑。密闭与半密闭环境下的损伤实验研究,多为装甲车内、建筑物房间内、舰船内部,缺少城市内部复杂环境下的损伤实验,在近几场的局部冲突中看,现代战争城市内的争夺战已经成为主战场,所以后续应该加强城市内部爆炸冲击波致人员的损伤实验研究。
在国外,北约为了测量地雷等爆炸物对装甲车内的人员损伤数据,将传感器布置在Hybrid Ⅲ 假人的胸部,以此获得人员胸部受到的冲击波压力大小,并形成制定了AEP-55 Volume2标准[93]。为了适应现代战场的快速毁伤评估需求,美国陆军开发了一款名为“ORCA”的毁伤评估软件。其中详细包含了不同姿态下人员的组织器官模型 [94-95]。未来,还应该着重研究高精度人体仿生假人以代替动物靶标,并总结制定出动物与人之间的转换关系,最终建立人员毁伤评估软件。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
CHANG Y,ZHANG D H,LIU L Y,et al. Simulation of blast lung injury induced by shock waves of five distances based on finite element modeling of a three-dimensional rat[J]. Sci Rep,2019,9:3440.
2
MAAS A I R,STOCCHETTI N,BULLOCK R. Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults[J]. Lancet Neurol,2008,7(8):728-741.
3
WANG Y S,SAWYER T W,TSE Y C,et al. Primary blast-induced changes in Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation in rat hippocampus[J]. Front Neurol,2017,8:413.
4
CAMPOS-PIRES R,YONIS A,MACDONALD W,et al. A novel in vitro model of blast traumatic brain injury[J]. J Vis Exp,2018(142):(142).
5
COURTNEY E,COURTNEY A,COURTNEY M. Shock tube design for high intensity blast waves for laboratory testing of armor and combat materiel[J]. Def Technol,2014,10(2):245-250.
6
北京工业学院八系《爆炸及其作用》编写组.爆炸及作用(下册)[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1979.
Department VIII of Beijing Institute of Technology ‘Explosions and their effects’ Writing Team. Explosion and its effects (second Volume) [M]. Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1979
7
隋树元,王树山. 终点效应学[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社,2000.
SUI S Y,WANG S S. Terminal effects [M]. Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2000.
8
BOWEN I G,FLETCHER E R,RICHMOND D R,et al. Biophysical mechanisms and scaling procedures applicable in assessing responses of the thorax energized by air-blast overpressures or by nonpenetrating missiles[J]. Ann N Y Acad Sci,1968,152(1):122-146.
9
AXELSSON H,YELVERTON J T. Chest wall velocity as a predictor of nonauditory blast injury in a complex wave environment[J]. J Trauma,1996,40(3Suppl):S31-S37.
10
YELVETON J T. Pathology scoring system for blast injuries[J]. J Trauma,1996,40(3suppl):S111-S115.
11
PHIPPS H,MONDELLO S,WILSON A,et al. Characteristics and impact of U.S. military blast-related mild traumatic brain injury:a systematic review[J]. Front Neurol,2020,11:559318.
12
OWENS B D,KRAGH J F,WENKE J C,et al. Combat wounds in operation Iraqi Freedom and operation Enduring Freedom[J]. J Trauma,2008,64(2):295-9.
13
ARGYROS G J. Management of primary blast injury[J]. Toxicology,1997,121(1):105-115.
14
CERNAK I,WANG Z,JIANG J,et al. Ultrastructural and functional characteristics of blast injury-induced neurotrauma[J]. J Trauma,2001,50(4):695-706.
15
BOLANDER R,MATHIE B,BIR C,et al. Skull flexure as a contributing factor in the mechanism of injury in the rat when exposed to a shock wave[J]. Ann Biomed Eng,2011,39(10):2550-2559.
16
CHEN H J,XU C,LI Y,et al. An open air research study of blast-induced traumatic brain injury to goats[J]. Chin J Traumatol,2015,18(5):267-274.
17
CENGIO LEONARDI A DAL,KEANE N J,HAY K,et al. Methodology and evaluation of intracranial pressure response in rats exposed to complex shock waves[J]. Ann Biomed Eng,2013,41(12):2488-2500.
18
BAUMAN R A,LING G,TONG L,et al. An introductory characterization of a combat-casualty-care relevant swine model of closed head injury resulting from exposure to explosive blast[J]. J Neurotrauma,2009,26(6):841-860.
19
PLURAD D S. Blast injury[J]. Mil Med,2011,176(3):276-82.
20
FENG K,ZHANG L Y,JIN X,et al. Biomechanical responses of the brain in swine subject to free-field blasts[J]. Front Neurol,2016,7:179.
21
QURESHI T A,AWAN M S,HASSAN N H,et al. Effects of bomb blast injury on the ears:the Aga Khan university hospital experience[J]. J Pak Med Assoc,2017,67(9):1313-1317.
22
DE RÉGLOIX S B,CRAMBERT A,MAURIN O,et al. Blast injury of the ear by massive explosion:a review of 41 cases[J]. J R Army Med Corps,2017,163(5):333-338.
23
CHOI C H. Mechanisms and treatment of blast induced hearing loss[J]. Korean J Audiol,2012,16(3):103-107.
24
DEMAR J,SHARROW K,HILL M,et al. Effects of primary blast overpressure on retina and optic tract in rats[J]. Front Neurol,2016,7:59.
25
CHOI J H,GREENE W A,JOHNSON A J,et al. Pathophysiology of blast-induced ocular trauma in rats after repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressure[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2015,43(3):239-246.
26
XYDAKIS M S,MULLIGAN L P,SMITH A B,et al. Olfactory impairment and traumatic brain injury in blast-injured combat troops:a cohort study[J]. Neurology,2015,84(15):1559-1567.
27
LIU Y H,LU Y T,SHAO Y,et al. Mechanism of the traumatic brain injury induced by blast wave using the energy assessment method[J]. Med Eng Phys,2022,101:103767.
28
ABOUDARA M,MAHONEY P F,HICKS B,et al. Primary blast lung injury at a NATO Role 3 hospital[J]. J R Army Med Corps,2014,160(2):161-166.
29
李存治,王鸿,范小琳,等. 某战斗部静爆对山羊的毁伤效应研究[J]. 创伤外科杂志,2021,23(9):705-709.
LI C Z,WANG H,FAN X L,et al. Damage effect of warhead explosion on goats[J]. J Trauma Surg,2021,23(9):705-709.
30
李川,陈海斌,张亮,等. 小当量战斗部爆炸冲击波对有生目标的毁伤效应分析[J]. 兵器装备工程学报,2020,41(12):73-76.
LI C,CHEN H B,ZHANG L,et al. Analysis on damage of small equivalent warhead blast wave to living target[J]. J Ordnance Equip Eng,2020,41(12):73-76.
31
BOUTILLIER J,PRAT N,DE MEZZO S,et al. Blast-related lung injury risk estimation based on chest wall velocity[J]. Hum Factors Mech Eng Def Saf,2021,5(1):2.
32
SUN Y L,QIAN X M,SHU C M,et al. Effects of explosion shock waves on lung injuries in rabbits[J]. Shock Vib,2021,2021(1):6676244.
33
谢雪腾. 高原环境爆炸冲击波传播特性的数值模拟与实验研究[D]. 南京:南京理工大学,2017.
XIE X T. Numerical simulation and experimental study on propagation characteristics of explosion shock wave in plateau environment[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2017.
34
邓志龙. 高原冲击伤伤情特点和治疗研究[D]. 重庆:第三军医大学,2004.
DENG Z L. Study on the characteristics and treatment of altitude blast injury[D].Chongqing:Third Military Medical University,2004.
35
DUAN Z X,LI G H,ZHANG J Y,et al. Effects of orientation and distance of goats on blast lung injury characteristics on a plateau above 4500-meter[J]. Chin J Traumatol,2023,26(3):139-146.
36
YIN Z,KANG B,YIN H. Plateau blast injury[A]. In:WANG Z,JIANG J. (eds) Explosive blast injuries. Springer,Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2856-7_29.
37
DAMON E G,GAYLORD C S,YELVERTON J T,et al. Effects of ambient pressure on tolerance of mammals to air blast[J]. Aerosp Med,1968,39(10):1039-1047.
38
MENG X Y,LU Q Y,ZHANG J F,et al. A novel animal model of primary blast lung injury and its pathological changes in mice[J]. J Trauma Acute Care Surg,2022,93(4):530-537.
39
李冈,蔡萌,徐冰川,等.人体躯干冲击波超压测试方法研究[J].兵器装备工程学报,2022,43(06):218-223.
LI G,CAI M,XU B C,et al. Research on overpressure test method of human torso shock wave[J]. J Ordnance Equip Eng,2022,43(06):218-223.
40
STUHMILLER J H,HO K H,VANDER VORST M J,et al. A model of blast overpressure injury to the lung[J]. J Biomech,1996,29(2):227-234.
41
GIBBONS M M,DANG X L,ADKINS M,et al. Finite element modeling of blast lung injury in sheep[J]. J Biomech Eng,2015,137(4):041002.
42
周杰,陶钢,潘保青,等. 爆炸冲击波对人体胸部创伤机理的有限元方法研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2013,33(3):315-320.
ZHOU J,TAO G,PAN B Q,et al. Mechanism of blast trauma to human Thorax:a finite element study[J]. Explos Shock Waves,2013,33(3):315-320.
43
BOUTILLIER J,DECK C,DE MEZZO S,et al. Lung injury risk assessment during blast exposure[J]. J Biomech,2019,86:210-217.
44
王波,杨剑波,姚李刚,等. 爆炸冲击波作用下人体肺部的损伤[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2022,42(12):11-19.
WANG B,YANG J B,YAO L G,et al. Blast injuries to human lung induced by blast shock waves[J]. Explos Shock Waves,2022,42(12):11-19.
45
TANG F,GUO Z R,YUAN M Q,et al. Mechanical response of human torso under blast loading[J]. Saf Sci,2020,131:104936.
46
LANCE R M,CAPEHART B,KADRO O,et al. Human injury criteria for underwater blasts[J]. PLoS One,2015,10(11):e0143485.
47
HIRSCH M,BAZINI J. Blast injury of the chest[J]. Clin Radiol,1969,20(4):362-370.
48
HULLER T,BAZINI Y. Blast injuries of the chest and abdomen[J]. Arch Surg,1970,100(1):24-30.
49
Bar-Kochba E,Iwaskiw A S,Dunn J M,et al. The dynamic response of human lungs due to underwater shock wave exposure. PLoS One. 2024,19(5):e0303325.
50
CAMERON G R,SHORT R H D,WAKELEY C P G. Pathological changes produced in animals by depth charges[J]. Br J Surg,2005,30(117):49-64.
51
朱佩芳,蒋建新. 开展水下冲击伤研究,提高我军特殊环境下的卫勤保障能力[J]. 解放军医学杂志,2004,29(2):93-94.
ZHU P F,JIANG J X. Carry out the investigation of underwater blast injury to improve our medical care and logistic service under special environments[J]. Med J Chin PLA,2004,29(2):93-94.
52
LANCE R M,CAPEHART B,KADRO O,et al. Human injury criteria for underwater blasts[J]. PLoS One,2015,10(11):e0143485. PMID:26606655; PMCID:PMC4659630.
53
杨志焕,朱佩芳,蒋建新,等. 水下冲击伤损伤特点的初步探讨[J]. 中华创伤杂志,2003,19(2):111-114.
YANG Z H,ZHU P F,JIANG J X,et al. Preliminary exploration on characteristics of underwater blast injuries[J]. Chin J Trauma,2003,19(2):111-114.
54
张丹枫,陈吉钢,王春晖,等. 水下爆炸损伤生物效应研究现状及展望[J]. 第二军医大学学报,2016,37(10):1283-1286.
ZHANG D F,CHEN J G,WANG C H,et al. Biological effect of underwater explosion injury:research progress and prospective[J]. Acad J Second Mil Med Univ,2016,37(10):1283-1286.
55
BAR-KOCHBA E,IWASKIW A S,DUNN J M,et al. The dynamic response of human lungs due to underwater shock wave exposure[J]. PLoS One,2024,19(5):e0303325.
56
李彦腾,程岗,魏铂沅,等. 水下爆炸致水面泅渡战位比格犬脑和肺的损伤特点[J]. 第二军医大学学报,2021,42(7):755-761.
LI Y T,CHENG G,WEI B Y,et al. Characteristics of brain and lung injuries of beagles in swimming battle position caused by underwater explosion[J]. Acad J Second Mil Med Univ,2021,42(7):755-761.
57
沈文妮,侯立军,唐佳炜,等. 水下爆炸对比格犬损伤试验研究[J]. 兵工学报,2022,43(9):2172-2181.
SHEN W N,HOU L J,TANG J W,et al. Experimental investigation of underwater blast injuries to beagles[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2022,43(9):2172-2181.
58
YU J,ZHANG XP,HAO Y,et al. Study on dynamic characteristics of cavitation in underwater explosion with large charge[J]. Sci Rep,2024,14(1):8580.
59
SZTUROMSKI B. The effect of an underwater explosion on a ship[J]. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej,2015,562 (201):57-73.
60
SETTE W J,GOBEN K W. Shock in ships[J]. Naval Engineers J,1963,75(3):525-534.
61
柯文棋,乐秀鸿,杨军,等. 垂直受压下人体下肢骨骼的抗压性能[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报,1986,5(4):202-207.
KE W Q,YUE X H,YANG J,et al. Compressive strength of lower limb bones of human body at perpendicular compression[J]. Chin J Biomed Eng,1986,5(4):202-207.
62
陈佳海,胡明,徐成,等. 模拟舰艇冲击运动对不同姿势兔伤情的实验研究[J]. 转化医学杂志,2018,7(2):109-113.
CHEN J H,HU M,XU C,et al. An experimental study on the simulated ship shock motion to the rabbits in different positions[J]. Transl Med J,2018,7(2):109-113.
63
柯文棋,乐秀鸿,杨军,等. 水雷爆炸对舰船上动物冲击损伤的试验观察与评价[J]. 中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志,2001,8(3):136-140.
KE W Q,LE X H,YANG J,et al. Experimental observation and assessment of blast injury to animals on the warship induced by mine ex plosion[J]. Chin J Naut Med,2001,8(3):136-140.
64
OTT K,DREWRY D,LUONGO M,et al. Demetropoulos C. Comparison of human surrogate responses in underbody blast loading conditions[J]. J Biomech Eng,2020,142(9):091010.
65
Bailey A M,Christopher J J,Salzar R S,et al. Comparison of Hybrid-III and postmortem human surrogate response to simulated underbody blast loading. J Biomech Eng,2015,137(5):051009.
66
张玮,史少华. 水面舰艇舰员对水下爆炸冲击响应[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2011,31(5):521-527.
ZHANG W,SHI S H. Research on the surface ship biodynamic response subjected to underwater explosion[J]. Explos Shock Waves,2011,31(5):521-527.
67
RISLING M,DAVIDSSON J. Experimental animal models for studies on the mechanisms of blast-induced neurotrauma[J]. Front Neurol,2012,3:30.
68
LI B C,LI Y,XU C,et al. Blast-induced traumatic brain injury of goats in confined space[J]. Neurol Res,2014,36(11):974-982.
69
张红叶,冯正直,赖西南,等. 舱室内爆炸对大鼠学习记忆、行为的影响[J]. 创伤外科杂志,2008,10(4):341-344.
ZHANG H Y,FENG Z Z,LAI X N,et al. Effects of blasting wave in confined space on abilities of learning,memory and behavior in rats[J]. J Trauma Surg,2008,10(4):341-344.
70
高洁,康健毅,王丽丽,等. 密闭舱室内爆炸致大鼠失能性脑损伤的神经电生理机制研究[J]. 解放军医学杂志,2015,40(8):666-670.
GAO J,KANG J Y,WANG L L,et al. Neuroelectrophysiological mechanism of disabling brain injury resulting from exposure of rat to blast in a tightly closed compartment[J]. Med J Chin PLA,2015,40(8):666-670.
71
李彦腾,程岗,刘帅,等. 舰船邻舱爆炸致比格犬脑损伤的实验研究[J]. 解放军医学杂志,2017,42(3):234-238.
LI Y T,CHENG G,LIU S,et al. Experimental study on brain injury in Beagle dogs caused by adjacent cabin explosion in warship[J]. Med J Chin PLA,2017,42(3):234-238.
72
REZAEI A,SALIMI JAZI M,KARAMI G. Computational modeling of human head under blast in confined and open spaces:primary blast injury[J]. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng,2014,30(1):69-82.
73
李冈,徐冰川,胡滨,等. 复杂爆炸载荷致肺损伤试验研究[J]. 兵工学报,2024,45(5):1681-1691.
LI G,XU B C,HU B,et al. Experimental research on human lung injury induced by complex blast wave[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2024,45(5):1681-1691.
74
ALTERMAN D,STEWART M G,NETHERTON MD. Probabilistic assessment of airblast variability and fatality risk estimation for explosive blasts in confined building spaces[J]. Int J Protecte Structures. 2019;10(3):306-329.
75
范俊奇,董宏晓,高永红,等. 爆炸冲击波作用下工事舱室内动物损伤效应试验研究[J]. 振动与冲击,2013,32(9):35-39.
FAN J Q,DONG H X,GAO Y H,et al. Experimental investigation on damage effects on animals under the action of blast wave in a chamber[J]. J Vib Shock,2013,32(9):35-39.
76
康建毅,彭承琳,赖西南,等. 密闭舱室内冲击波作用下胸部动态响应规律的研究[J]. 第三军医大学学报,2009,31(1):60-63.
KANG J Y,PENG C L,LAI X N,et al. Dynamic response of chest to blast wave in closed chamber in rats[J]. J Tnird Mil Med Univ,2009,31(1):60-63.
77
SEKINE Y,SAITOH D,YOSHIMURA Y,et al. Efficacy of body armor in protection against blast injuries using a swine model in a confined space with a blast tube[J]. Ann Biomed Eng,2021,49(10):2944-2956.
78
KOKKINAKIS I W,DRIKAKIS D. Internal explosions and their effects on humans[J]. 2023,35(4):046101.
79
LI Y Q,FAN H L,GAO X L. Ballistic helmets:Recent advances in materials,protection mechanisms,performance,and head injury mitigation[J]. Compos Part B Eng,2022,238:109890.
80
'T EYNDE J OP,YU A W,ECKERSLEY C P,et al. Primary blast wave protection in combat helmet design:a historical comparison between present day and world war I[J]. PLoS One,2020,15(2):e0228802.
81
YU X C,GHAJARI M. Protective performance of helmets and goggles in mitigating brain biomechanical response to primary blast exposure[J]. Ann Biomed Eng,2022,50(11):1579-1595.
82
NIE W X,WEN Y K,DONG F D,et al. The fatal effect of shock waves on the head of a person wearing a polyurea-reinforced ballistic helmet[J]. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin,2023:1-14.
83
LI Y Q,LIN J,LIU S,et al. Experimental and numerical study on the protective mechanism of the full helmet subjected to blast loadings[J]. Thin Walled Struct,2024,198:111666.
84
徐斌,王成,臧立伟,等. 爆炸冲击波与防弹衣相互作用的数值模拟[J]. 北京理工大学学报,2019,39(2):131-134.
XU B,WANG C,ZANG L W,et al. Numerical simulation on the impact of explosion shock wave on bullet-proof vest[J]. Trans Beijing Inst Technol,2019,39(2):131-134.
85
邵先锋,赵捍东,朱福林,等. 一种新型柔性复合防护结构的数值模拟[J]. 兵器装备工程学报,2017,38(6):142-145.
SHAO X F,ZHAO H D,ZHU F L,et al. Numerical simulation of a new flexible compound protective structure[J]. J Ordnance Equip Eng,2017,38(6):142-145.
86
KIRIU N,SAITOH D,SEKINE Y,et al. Effectiveness of body armor against shock waves:preventing blast injury in a confined space[J]. Cureus,2024,16(4):e57568.
87
王智,常利军,黄星源,等. 爆炸冲击波与破片联合作用下防弹衣复合结构防护效果的数值模拟[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2023,43(6):149-160.
WANG Z,CHANG L J,HUANG X Y,et al. Simulation on the defending effect of composite structure of body armor under the combined action of blast wave and fragments[J]. Explos Shock Waves,2023,43(6):149-160.
88
国防科学技术工业委员会. GJB2689-96,水面舰艇冲击对人体作用安全限值[S/OL]. (1996-06-04)[2018-8-30]. http://www.doc88.com/p-5149105962311.html.
National Defense Science and Technology Industry Committee. GJB2689-96,Safety limits for impact on human body effects on surface ships [S/OL]. (1996-06-04) [2018-8-30]. http://www.doc88.com/p-5149105962311.html.
89
CHEN Y,WANG Y,HUA H X. Performance of an elastic polymer foam cushion in attenuating responses of shipboard standing-men to ship vertical shock[J]. J Vib Contr,2013,19(13):1999-2012.
90
张玮. 水面舰艇舰员水下爆炸冲击防护研究[J]. 医用生物力学,2011,26(1):39-42,50.
ZHANG W. Research on the shock protection of surface ship crew subjected to underwater explosion[J]. J Med Biomech,2011,26(1):39-42,50.
91
张发厅. 小型船舶的舷侧抗冲击结构研究[J]. 舰船科学技术,2018,40(2):13-15.
ZHANG F T. Research on side impact resistance structure of small ships[J]. Ship Sci Technol,2018,40(2):13-15.
92
黄建松,汪玉,李政年,等. 舰员抗冲击鞋性能试验及评估方法研究[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报,2012,31(3):466-470.
HUANG J S,WANG Y,LI Z N,et al. Tests and evaluation on shipboard personnel anti-shock shoes[J]. Chin J Biomed Eng,2012,31(3):466-470.
93
Świerczewski M.,Sławiński G.,Malesa P. (2020). Modelling and the FEM Analysis of the Effects of the Blast Wave on the Floor of a Vehicle According to the AEP-55 Vol. 2 Methodology[A]. In:Okada,H.,Atluri,S. (eds) Computational and Experimental Simulations in Engineering. ICCES 2019. Mechanisms and Machine Science,vol 75. Springer,Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27053-7_99.
94
Litt O. P.,& Army Research Laboratory U.S.. (2004). Recommendations for a new and improved ORCA modeling system blast module[J]. Army Research Laboratory. https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/LPS124999.
95
Jia Y.,Wen Y.,Dong F.,Qin B.,& Liu R. (2024). RETRACTED ARTICLE:Human vulnerability assessment based on bullet motion and cavity expansion model with tissue identification[J]. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering,1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2023.2294263.
2025年第47卷第10期
PDF下载
25
10
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406052
  • 接收时间:2024-06-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2025-05-30
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-17
  • 修回日期:2024-10-11
基金
作者信息
    1兵器工业卫生研究所生物效应技术研究室,西安

通讯作者:

‍通‍信‍作‍者‍:高俊宏,E-mail:
GAO Junhong,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ljjydxxb/CN/10.16016/j.2097-0927.202406052
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏