Article(id=1322934647654589099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, issueId=1322934619896688658, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16016/j.2097-0927.202405107, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716912000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-29, revisedDate=1721318400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341798938, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341798938, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341798938, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341798938, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322934619896688658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, year='2025', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='285', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740672000000', pubDateStr='2025-02-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341792320, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341792320, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=378, endPage=384, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322934648057242284, articleId=1322934647654589099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=EN, title=Causal relationships of anxiety, depression and neuroticism with recurrent spontaneous abortion: a Mendelian randomization analysis, columnId=1322210927869546994, journalTitle=Journal of Army Medical University, columnName=Public Health and Preventive Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the causal relationships of anxiety, depression and neuroticism with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).

Methods

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data were used to extract single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely related to anxiety, depression and neuroticism as instrumental variables (IVs). Inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median estimator (WME), weighted mode (WM) and Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger regression were employed for MR analysis to evaluate the causal effects of anxiety, depression and neuroticism with RSA, and to analyze heterogeneity, gene pleiotropy and sensitivity.

Results

A total of 46 SNPs were extracted from GWAS data as IVs (5 anxiety SNPs, 9 depression SNPs, and 32 neuroticism SNPs). IVW, WME, WM and MR-Egger regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of anxiety data were 1.07 (0.86-1.32), 1.10 ( 0.85-1.43), 1.14 (0.81-1.59) and 1.18 (0.53-2.61); those of depression data were 1.11 (0.93-1.32), 1.05 (0.83-1.32), 0.96 (0.67-1.38) and 0.57 (0.25-1.31); those of neuroticism data were 1.01 (0.75-1.36), 1.07 (0.73-1.56), 1.02 (0.49-2.12) and 2.40 (0.46-12.44), but none of the above causal analyses were statistically significant (all P>0.05). After reliability analysis, the Cochran's Q test for heterogeneity evaluation was not significant (P>0.05), the MR-Egger regression intercepts for gene pleiotropy evaluation were all close to 0 (P>0.05), and the sensitivity evaluation "Leave-one-out" test also shows that the combined causal effect values are similar.

Conclusion

There dose not exist causal relationships of anxiety, depression and neuroticism with RSA. The reliability test shows that the results are relatively robust.

, authors=Hao YUAN1, 2, Xiao LI1, 2, Zhiyu SUN1, 2, Aiwu WEI1, 2, authorsList=Hao YUAN, Xiao LI, Zhiyu SUN, Aiwu WEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Aiwu WEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=© 2025 Journal of Army Medical University, copyrightOwner=Editorial Office of Journal of Army Medical University, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322934650984866485, articleId=1322934647654589099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, language=CN, title=焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产的因果关系:一项孟德尔随机化研究, columnId=1322210929626960372, journalTitle=陆军军医大学学报, columnName=公共卫生与预防医学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分别探究焦虑、抑郁、神经质等3种负面情绪与复发性流产之间的因果关系。

方法

利用全基因组关联研究数据提取与焦虑、抑郁、神经质密切相关的遗传位点作为工具变量,分别利用逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、加权众数法及MR-Egger回归法进行孟德尔随机化分析,评价焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产之间的因果效应,并进行异质性、基因多效性与敏感性分析。

结果

从全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)数据中提取共46个SNPs作为工具变量(焦虑数据5个,抑郁数据9个,神经质数据32个),经逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、加权众数法及MR-Egger回归法计算OR值与95%CI,焦虑数据结果分别为1.07(0.86~1.32)、1.10(0.85~1.43)、1.14(0.81~1.59)、1.18(0.53~2.61),抑郁数据结果分别为1.11(0.93~1.32)、1.05(0.83~1.32)、0.96(0.67~1.38)、0.57(0.25~1.31),神经质数据结果分别为1.01(0.75~1.36)、1.07(0.73~1.56)、1.02(0.49~2.12)、2.40(0.46~12.44),上述因果分析均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);经可靠性分析,异质性评价Cochran’s Q检验差异不具有显著性(P均>0.05),基因多效性评价MR-Egger回归截距均接近于0(P均>0.05),敏感性评价留一法检验后合并因果效应值相近。

结论

焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产之间不存在因果关联,可靠性检验提示结果相对稳健。

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卫爱武,E-mail:
WEI Aiwu,E-mail:
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Dialogues Clin Neurosci,2018,20(1):41-47., articleTitle=The relationship between stress and infertility, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322934670207361794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934647654589099, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=8, issue=3, pageStart=297, pageEnd=304, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=24, authorNames=郭家庄, journalName=循证护理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭家庄. 社会心理相关因素对复发性流产影响的Meta分析[J]. 循证护理,2022,8(3):297-304., articleTitle=社会心理相关因素对复发性流产影响的Meta分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322934670345773829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934647654589099, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=8, issue=3, pageStart=297, pageEnd=304, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=25, authorNames=GUO J Z, journalName=Chin Evid Based Nurs, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO J Z. 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SNPs效应
等位
基因
其他
等位
基因
效应等位
基因频率
暴露因素结局R2F
betaSEPbetaSEP
rs77578399CT0.078-0.0920.0161.39E-08-0.0180.0230.4340.000 2777.27
rs4532631CT0.6740.0590.0091.26E-100.0060.0130.6570.000 82237.11
rs77683334TC0.037-0.1380.0244.91E-09-0.0060.0330.8500.000 1337.93
rs67774492GA0.143-0.0680.0134.45E-08-0.0130.0180.4460.000 45132.09
rs746157CT0.1710.0640.0111.82E-08-0.0140.0160.4030.000 53152.78
0.002 19127.65
), ArticleFig(id=1322934657351820003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934647654589099, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

焦虑的孟德尔随机化分析SNP工具变量信息表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPs效应
等位
基因
其他
等位
基因
效应等位
基因频率
暴露因素结局R2F
betaSEPbetaSEP
rs77578399CT0.078-0.0920.0161.39E-08-0.0180.0230.4340.000 2777.27
rs4532631CT0.6740.0590.0091.26E-100.0060.0130.6570.000 82237.11
rs77683334TC0.037-0.1380.0244.91E-09-0.0060.0330.8500.000 1337.93
rs67774492GA0.143-0.0680.0134.45E-08-0.0130.0180.4460.000 45132.09
rs746157CT0.1710.0640.0111.82E-08-0.0140.0160.4030.000 53152.78
0.002 19127.65
), ArticleFig(id=1322934657729307364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934647654589099, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPs效应
等位
基因
其他
等位
基因
效应等位
基因频率
暴露因素结局R2F
betaSEPbetaSEP
rs12479064TC0.1690.0580.0114.13E-08-0.0030.0160.8400.000 48163.37
rs530758485AG0.1070.0830.0134.97E-11-0.0110.0200.5660.000 33111.23
rs6876567GA0.4000.0520.0081.09E-100.0330.0120.0070.000 83279.27
rs2895226CT0.3930.0450.0083.23E-080.0020.0130.8980.000 82277.76
rs4870063AC0.654-0.0530.0081.46E-100.0040.0130.7590.000 78263.29
rs1027190GT0.722-0.0490.0092.59E-08-0.0090.0140.4960.000 69233.36
rs7192848GA0.4690.0480.0082.34E-090.0090.0120.4600.000 86289.84
rs57852066AG0.0490.0980.0183.94E-08-0.0200.0280.4780.000 1654.46
rs62099231AG0.4600.0530.0082.53E-110.0120.0120.3310.000 85289.09
0.005 80219.07
), ArticleFig(id=1322934659461554917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934647654589099, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

抑郁的孟德尔随机化分析SNP工具变量信息表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPs效应
等位
基因
其他
等位
基因
效应等位
基因频率
暴露因素结局R2F
betaSEPbetaSEP
rs12479064TC0.1690.0580.0114.13E-08-0.0030.0160.8400.000 48163.37
rs530758485AG0.1070.0830.0134.97E-11-0.0110.0200.5660.000 33111.23
rs6876567GA0.4000.0520.0081.09E-100.0330.0120.0070.000 83279.27
rs2895226CT0.3930.0450.0083.23E-080.0020.0130.8980.000 82277.76
rs4870063AC0.654-0.0530.0081.46E-100.0040.0130.7590.000 78263.29
rs1027190GT0.722-0.0490.0092.59E-08-0.0090.0140.4960.000 69233.36
rs7192848GA0.4690.0480.0082.34E-090.0090.0120.4600.000 86289.84
rs57852066AG0.0490.0980.0183.94E-08-0.0200.0280.4780.000 1654.46
rs62099231AG0.4600.0530.0082.53E-110.0120.0120.3310.000 85289.09
0.005 80219.07
), ArticleFig(id=1322934659792904934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934647654589099, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPs效应
等位
基因
其他
等位
基因
效应等位
基因频率
暴露因素结局R2F
betaSEPbetaSEP
rs10501320CG0.2550.0160.0031.00E-090.0010.0160.9560.000 62232.06
rs10747488AC0.7660.0150.0032.13E-08-0.0080.0130.5260.000 59219.04
rs10935184CT0.407-0.0140.0024.80E-09-0.0120.0120.3470.000 79295.18
rs11030107GA0.253-0.0160.0033.20E-090.0210.0140.1330.000 62230.93
rs11159098TC0.4370.0150.0021.20E-10-0.0060.0130.6270.000 81300.87
rs11191472TA0.080-0.0280.0041.05E-10-0.0140.0220.5130.000 2490.26
rs11229GA0.194-0.0190.0031.27E-100.0130.0160.4350.000 51191.27
rs11619066CG0.215-0.0160.0031.25E-08-0.0110.0140.4100.000 55206.51
rs117618307GA0.0200.0470.0081.34E-08-0.0320.0390.4110.000 0624.23
rs12203592TC0.2100.0160.0032.46E-08-0.0150.0360.6770.000 54202.76
rs12729445TC0.5410.0140.0022.81E-09-0.0200.0120.1140.000 81303.63
rs13395141TC0.4320.0130.0024.97E-080.0030.0120.7760.000 80300.08
rs1427041GA0.824-0.0180.0034.94E-09-0.0160.0180.3620.000 48177.47
rs17884466GA0.1330.0190.0032.73E-080.0050.0200.7950.000 38141.37
rs2205129AG0.316-0.0140.0031.42E-080.0240.0140.0860.000 71264.31
rs2407746GC0.3020.0150.0032.99E-09-0.0140.0130.2710.000 69257.60
rs332828AG0.4490.0140.0021.93E-090.0160.0120.1840.000 81302.48
rs4129585CA0.573-0.0150.0021.47E-10-0.0020.0120.8530.000 80299.10
rs4763AG0.1790.0190.0031.24E-100.0580.0270.0340.000 48179.83
rs4787491GA0.535-0.0140.0023.90E-09-0.0100.0120.3970.000 81304.19
rs4851029GT0.525-0.0150.0021.58E-10-0.0030.0120.8200.000 82304.87
rs5758209GT0.491-0.0130.0022.09E-080.0080.0120.5230.000 82305.57
rs62212171CT0.1370.0210.0032.75E-100.0280.0230.2190.000 39144.85
rs6919397GT0.459-0.0140.0022.55E-09-0.0060.0120.6200.000 81303.61
rs6948180AG0.5210.0140.0021.07E-090.0120.0120.3190.000 82305.13
rs7026674TC0.2880.0150.0031.42E-080.0020.0120.8760.000 67250.74
rs7792856CT0.606-0.0130.0021.51E-080.0000.0120.9750.000 78291.84
rs8050237GT0.797-0.0160.0033.41E-08-0.0010.0160.9390.000 53198.08
rs9688806TC0.1260.0220.0041.81E-100.0400.0210.0550.000 36134.32
rs974711AG0.4570.0140.0021.34E-09-0.0050.0120.6580.000 81303.35
rs9824178AG0.7190.0170.0031.02E-10-0.0380.0140.0060.000 66247.05
rs9879090CT0.546-0.0140.0021.60E-09-0.0040.0120.7190.000 81303.10
0.020 40242.76
), ArticleFig(id=1322934660581434087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934647654589099, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

神经质的孟德尔随机化分析SNP工具变量信息表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SNPs效应
等位
基因
其他
等位
基因
效应等位
基因频率
暴露因素结局R2F
betaSEPbetaSEP
rs10501320CG0.2550.0160.0031.00E-090.0010.0160.9560.000 62232.06
rs10747488AC0.7660.0150.0032.13E-08-0.0080.0130.5260.000 59219.04
rs10935184CT0.407-0.0140.0024.80E-09-0.0120.0120.3470.000 79295.18
rs11030107GA0.253-0.0160.0033.20E-090.0210.0140.1330.000 62230.93
rs11159098TC0.4370.0150.0021.20E-10-0.0060.0130.6270.000 81300.87
rs11191472TA0.080-0.0280.0041.05E-10-0.0140.0220.5130.000 2490.26
rs11229GA0.194-0.0190.0031.27E-100.0130.0160.4350.000 51191.27
rs11619066CG0.215-0.0160.0031.25E-08-0.0110.0140.4100.000 55206.51
rs117618307GA0.0200.0470.0081.34E-08-0.0320.0390.4110.000 0624.23
rs12203592TC0.2100.0160.0032.46E-08-0.0150.0360.6770.000 54202.76
rs12729445TC0.5410.0140.0022.81E-09-0.0200.0120.1140.000 81303.63
rs13395141TC0.4320.0130.0024.97E-080.0030.0120.7760.000 80300.08
rs1427041GA0.824-0.0180.0034.94E-09-0.0160.0180.3620.000 48177.47
rs17884466GA0.1330.0190.0032.73E-080.0050.0200.7950.000 38141.37
rs2205129AG0.316-0.0140.0031.42E-080.0240.0140.0860.000 71264.31
rs2407746GC0.3020.0150.0032.99E-09-0.0140.0130.2710.000 69257.60
rs332828AG0.4490.0140.0021.93E-090.0160.0120.1840.000 81302.48
rs4129585CA0.573-0.0150.0021.47E-10-0.0020.0120.8530.000 80299.10
rs4763AG0.1790.0190.0031.24E-100.0580.0270.0340.000 48179.83
rs4787491GA0.535-0.0140.0023.90E-09-0.0100.0120.3970.000 81304.19
rs4851029GT0.525-0.0150.0021.58E-10-0.0030.0120.8200.000 82304.87
rs5758209GT0.491-0.0130.0022.09E-080.0080.0120.5230.000 82305.57
rs62212171CT0.1370.0210.0032.75E-100.0280.0230.2190.000 39144.85
rs6919397GT0.459-0.0140.0022.55E-09-0.0060.0120.6200.000 81303.61
rs6948180AG0.5210.0140.0021.07E-090.0120.0120.3190.000 82305.13
rs7026674TC0.2880.0150.0031.42E-080.0020.0120.8760.000 67250.74
rs7792856CT0.606-0.0130.0021.51E-080.0000.0120.9750.000 78291.84
rs8050237GT0.797-0.0160.0033.41E-08-0.0010.0160.9390.000 53198.08
rs9688806TC0.1260.0220.0041.81E-100.0400.0210.0550.000 36134.32
rs974711AG0.4570.0140.0021.34E-09-0.0050.0120.6580.000 81303.35
rs9824178AG0.7190.0170.0031.02E-10-0.0380.0140.0060.000 66247.05
rs9879090CT0.546-0.0140.0021.60E-09-0.0040.0120.7190.000 81303.10
0.020 40242.76
), ArticleFig(id=1322934661030224616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934647654589099, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负面情绪方法OR(95%CI)PQ检验(P)MR-Egger回归截距(SE,P)
焦虑逆方差加权法1.07(0.86~1.32)0.541.75(0.78)-0.007(0.030,0.82)
加权中位数法1.10(0.85~1.43)0.46
加权众数法1.14(0.81~1.59)0.51
MR-Egger回归法1.18(0.53~2.61)0.711.69(0.64)
抑郁逆方差加权法1.11(0.93~1.32)0.248.63(0.37)0.037(0.023,0.15)
加权中位数法1.05(0.83~1.32)0.67
加权众数法0.96(0.67~1.38)0.81
MR-Egger回归法0.57(0.25~1.31)0.236.09(0.53)
神经质逆方差加权法1.00(0.71~1.41)0.9535.74(0.26)-0.006(0.014,0.65)
加权中位数法1.16(0.73~1.82)0.73
加权众数法1.29(0.56~2.99)0.97
MR-Egger回归法1.49(0.26~8.51)0.3035.49(0.23)
), ArticleFig(id=1322934661302854377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373162502258839, articleId=1322934647654589099, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

3种负面情绪与RSA的孟德尔随机化分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负面情绪方法OR(95%CI)PQ检验(P)MR-Egger回归截距(SE,P)
焦虑逆方差加权法1.07(0.86~1.32)0.541.75(0.78)-0.007(0.030,0.82)
加权中位数法1.10(0.85~1.43)0.46
加权众数法1.14(0.81~1.59)0.51
MR-Egger回归法1.18(0.53~2.61)0.711.69(0.64)
抑郁逆方差加权法1.11(0.93~1.32)0.248.63(0.37)0.037(0.023,0.15)
加权中位数法1.05(0.83~1.32)0.67
加权众数法0.96(0.67~1.38)0.81
MR-Egger回归法0.57(0.25~1.31)0.236.09(0.53)
神经质逆方差加权法1.00(0.71~1.41)0.9535.74(0.26)-0.006(0.014,0.65)
加权中位数法1.16(0.73~1.82)0.73
加权众数法1.29(0.56~2.99)0.97
MR-Egger回归法1.49(0.26~8.51)0.3035.49(0.23)
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焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产的因果关系:一项孟德尔随机化研究
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袁昊 1, 2 , 李霄 1, 2 , 孙志玉 1, 2 , 卫爱武 1, 2
陆军军医大学学报 | 公共卫生与预防医学 2025,47(4): 378-384
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陆军军医大学学报 |公共卫生与预防医学 2025 , 47 (4) : 378 -384
焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产的因果关系:一项孟德尔随机化研究
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袁昊1, 2, 李霄1, 2, 孙志玉1, 2, 卫爱武1, 2
作者信息
  • 1河南中医药大学第一附属医院生殖医学科,郑州
  • 2河南中医药大学第一临床医学院,郑州
通讯作者:
卫爱武,E-mail:
WEI Aiwu,E-mail:
Causal relationships of anxiety, depression and neuroticism with recurrent spontaneous abortion: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Hao YUAN1, 2, Xiao LI1, 2, Zhiyu SUN1, 2, Aiwu WEI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Departmental of Reproductive Medicine,First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou,Henan
  • 2the First Clinical Medical School of Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou,Henan,China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202405107
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目的

分别探究焦虑、抑郁、神经质等3种负面情绪与复发性流产之间的因果关系。

方法

利用全基因组关联研究数据提取与焦虑、抑郁、神经质密切相关的遗传位点作为工具变量,分别利用逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、加权众数法及MR-Egger回归法进行孟德尔随机化分析,评价焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产之间的因果效应,并进行异质性、基因多效性与敏感性分析。

结果

从全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)数据中提取共46个SNPs作为工具变量(焦虑数据5个,抑郁数据9个,神经质数据32个),经逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、加权众数法及MR-Egger回归法计算OR值与95%CI,焦虑数据结果分别为1.07(0.86~1.32)、1.10(0.85~1.43)、1.14(0.81~1.59)、1.18(0.53~2.61),抑郁数据结果分别为1.11(0.93~1.32)、1.05(0.83~1.32)、0.96(0.67~1.38)、0.57(0.25~1.31),神经质数据结果分别为1.01(0.75~1.36)、1.07(0.73~1.56)、1.02(0.49~2.12)、2.40(0.46~12.44),上述因果分析均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);经可靠性分析,异质性评价Cochran’s Q检验差异不具有显著性(P均>0.05),基因多效性评价MR-Egger回归截距均接近于0(P均>0.05),敏感性评价留一法检验后合并因果效应值相近。

结论

焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产之间不存在因果关联,可靠性检验提示结果相对稳健。

负面情绪  /  复发性流产  /  孟德尔随机化
Objective

To explore the causal relationships of anxiety, depression and neuroticism with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).

Methods

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data were used to extract single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely related to anxiety, depression and neuroticism as instrumental variables (IVs). Inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median estimator (WME), weighted mode (WM) and Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger regression were employed for MR analysis to evaluate the causal effects of anxiety, depression and neuroticism with RSA, and to analyze heterogeneity, gene pleiotropy and sensitivity.

Results

A total of 46 SNPs were extracted from GWAS data as IVs (5 anxiety SNPs, 9 depression SNPs, and 32 neuroticism SNPs). IVW, WME, WM and MR-Egger regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of anxiety data were 1.07 (0.86-1.32), 1.10 ( 0.85-1.43), 1.14 (0.81-1.59) and 1.18 (0.53-2.61); those of depression data were 1.11 (0.93-1.32), 1.05 (0.83-1.32), 0.96 (0.67-1.38) and 0.57 (0.25-1.31); those of neuroticism data were 1.01 (0.75-1.36), 1.07 (0.73-1.56), 1.02 (0.49-2.12) and 2.40 (0.46-12.44), but none of the above causal analyses were statistically significant (all P>0.05). After reliability analysis, the Cochran's Q test for heterogeneity evaluation was not significant (P>0.05), the MR-Egger regression intercepts for gene pleiotropy evaluation were all close to 0 (P>0.05), and the sensitivity evaluation "Leave-one-out" test also shows that the combined causal effect values are similar.

Conclusion

There dose not exist causal relationships of anxiety, depression and neuroticism with RSA. The reliability test shows that the results are relatively robust.

negative emotion  /  recurrent spontaneous abortion  /  Mendelian randomization analysis
袁昊, 李霄, 孙志玉, 卫爱武. 焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产的因果关系:一项孟德尔随机化研究. 陆军军医大学学报, 2025 , 47 (4) : 378 -384 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202405107
Hao YUAN, Xiao LI, Zhiyu SUN, Aiwu WEI. Causal relationships of anxiety, depression and neuroticism with recurrent spontaneous abortion: a Mendelian randomization analysis[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2025 , 47 (4) : 378 -384 . DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202405107
复发性流产(recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA)指与同一配偶连续发生≥2次在妊娠28周之前的妊娠丢失(包含生化妊娠)[1],其发病率约占育龄期女性的5%,且再次发生流产的风险随流产次数的增加而上升,对女性的身心健康有较大危害[2-3]。当前已明确染色体或基因异常、解剖结构异常、内分泌变化、血栓前状态、自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病等均是RSA的风险因素,但由于RSA病因复杂,仍有50%的RSA患者无法找到明确的病因[1,4]。近年来,心理因素与RSA的相互作用关系日益受到学界的关注,多数专家认为不应忽视心理因素对妊娠的影响,多个国内外指南和共识也指出,心理因素与流产具有相关性[1]。既往研究表明,RSA患者的焦虑、抑郁等风险显著增高[2],且此类负面情绪会对再次妊娠造成不良影响[5-6]。另有研究表明,RSA患者接受心理疏导,且负面情绪得到缓解后,妊娠结局显著改善[7-8]。尽管有诸多证据证明负面情绪与RSA具有相关性,但受限于观察性流行病学研究方法的局限性,未测量混杂、反向因果联系等因素均会影响统计分析的结果与推导的结论,甚至产生虚假相关性及逆向因果关联,因此,焦虑、抑郁、神经质与RSA之间是否存在因果关系,仍不明确。
孟德尔随机化(mendelian randomization,MR)分析是利用遗传变异作为工具变量(instrument variables,IVs)建立模型,用以检验暴露因素与结局事件之间因果关系的一种方法。由于配子的形成遵循孟德尔遗传定律(自由组合定律),即亲代的等位基因会随机分配给子代,因此,使用遗传变异作为工具变量构建暴露因素与结局事件关系的模型相当于在人群中自然的开展随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)研究。而且遗传变异自生命初始即已形成,早于暴露和结局的发生,伴随终身不变,能够有效减少未测量混杂因素的影响,避免产生反向因果关系的弊端。基于此,本研究拟采用MR方法在一定程度上代替RCT研究用以因果推断:即选用具有负面情绪(焦虑、抑郁、神经质)患者的单糖核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)位点作为工具变量,运用两样本孟德尔随机化分析法评估焦虑、抑郁、神经质与RSA之间的效应值,减少混杂因素导致的结果偏倚,旨在一定程度上规避观察性流行病学研究方法的局限性,更为准确地揭示焦虑、抑郁、神经质与RSA之间的因果关系。
本研究使用的研究资料均为已公布的全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS) 数据。本研究选择了焦虑、抑郁、神经质等3项研究资料作为暴露因素:焦虑相关的SNPs位点数据来源于芬兰生物银行数据库(http://www.finngen.fi/en,FINNGEN),表型代码为“KRA_PSY_ANXIETY_EXMORE”,该研究包括病例35 385例,对照254 976例,为欧洲白人血统;抑郁相关的SNPs位点数据来源于FINNGEN数据库,表型代码为“F5_DEPRESSIO”,该研究包括病例38 225例,对照299 886例,为欧洲白人血统;神经质数据来源于NAGEL等[9]的GWAS-meta研究,该研究分析了373 121例欧洲白人血统的SNPs位点,其研究结果数据下载自IEU Open GWAS(https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk),表型代码为“ebi-a-GCST006948”。作为结局事件的RSA相关的SNPs位点数据来源于FINNGEN数据库,表型代码为“O15_ABORT_SPONTAN”,该研究包括病例15 073例,对照135 962例,为欧洲白人血统。
开展MR研究需要满足关联性、独立性、排他性3个核心假设条件(图1),即IVs应与焦虑、抑郁、神经质等暴露因素强相关(关联性),与任何影响“暴露-结局”关系的混杂因素独立(独立性),与RSA没有直接关联,且只能通过暴露因素影响结局(排他性)。
为保证IVs与暴露因素强相关,本研究筛选了与负面情绪(焦虑、抑郁、神经质)相关的具有全基因组意义(P<5×10-8)的SNPs位点[10]。为排除连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium,LD)对结果造成混杂的可能,本研究对数据中存在强LD的SNPs进行剔除[11],连锁不平衡系数r2设定为0.001,区域宽度设定为10 000 kb(即去除10 MB范围内与最显著SNP的r2>0.001的SNPs)。为保证排他性,通过PhenoScanner网站(http://www.phenoscanner.medschl.cam.ac.uk)检测具有强相关性的SNPs与其他表型的相关性。另外,采用F统计量进一步排除弱工具变量对结果可能造成的偏倚,统计强度F>10表明弱工具变量偏倚较小[12-13]。F统计量计算公式为F=N-K-1K×R21-R2,其中N为暴露因素数据的样本量,K为工具变量的数目,R2为工具变量解释暴露因素变异的比例[R2=2×1-MAF×MAF×βSD,其中MAF为非效应等位基因的频率,β为等位基因的效应值,SD为标准差];单个SNP的F统计量计算公式为F=β2SE2,其中SE为标准误。
若IVs存在异质性,可能导致研究结果存在偏差。采用IVW法和MR-Egger法分别进行Cochran’s Q检验来评价工具变量之间是否存在异质性。若工具变量间存在异质性,应采用随机效应模型的IVW结果;若工具变量间不存在异质性,则应采用固定效应模型的IVW结果。
多效性是指某个基因会对多种表型产生影响。MR-Egger回归法能够检测和适应不平衡多效性带来的偏差,其斜率表示因果效应估计,当回归直线的截距越接近0时,表明工具变量与结局之间受基因多效性的影响越小[14]。
混杂因素(尤其是不可测量混杂因素)是影响观察性流行病学结果准确性的重要因素。尽管MR法能够通过大样本量、随机化、引入工具变量、剔除已知的混杂因素等方法减少混杂因素对结果的影响,但是这些方法并不能完全消除潜在的偏差。敏感性分析可以评估不可测量混杂因素对研究结果可能产生的影响,通过改变某些假设或条件,观察结果是否发生变化,从而对MR分析的结果进行评估。本研究采用留一法(leave-one-out)逐一剔除SNP,观察剔除前后的MR分析结果有无统计学差异,进而评估研究结果的稳健性和结论的可靠性。
采用R 4.4.1软件及TwoSampleMR包(版本 0.6.6)进行两样本MR分析。以逆方差加权法[15](inverse variance weighted,IVW)评估焦虑、抑郁、神经质与RSA之间的关联。由于不同算法对工具变量的有效性假设不同,故同时采用加权中位数法(weighted median estimator,WME)、加权众数法(weighted mode,WM)及MR-Egger回归法对MR分析结果进行补充,检验MR结果的稳定性、可靠性[16]。将结果因果效应估计值转换为优势比(odds ratio,OR),最终结果以OR值及95%CI表示,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
经过关联性筛选(SNPs具有全基因组意义且排除强LD关系),本研究共纳入46个SNPs,其中与焦虑相关SNPs为5个,与抑郁相关的SNPs为9个,与神经质相关的SNPs为32个。进而对上述具有关联性的SNPs进行独立性检验,经过逐一查询,纳入的46个SNPs与生殖内分泌相关疾病(甲状腺疾病、下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴功能异常、黄体功能不全等)、血栓前状态、自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病、解剖结构异常等RSA的影响因素,及体质指数、吸烟、饮酒等人口特征均无相关性,故独立性假设成立。纳入的SNPs基本信息见表1~3。
一般认为F>10时,出现弱工具变量的可能性比较小[17]。在焦虑数据中,R2=0.22%,单一SNP的F统计量的分布范围为37.93~237.11,纳入研究的5个SNPs工具变量对应的F统计量为127.65;在抑郁数据中,R2=0.58%,单一SNP的F统计量的分布范围为54.46~289.84,纳入研究的9个SNPs工具变量对应的F统计量为219.07;在神经质数据中,R2=2.97%,单一SNP的F统计量的分布范围为24.23~305.57,纳入研究的32个SNPs工具变量对应的F统计量为242.76。因此,可认为MR分析的结果受到弱工具变量偏倚的影响较小。
经IVW、WME、WM及MR-Egger回归法计算,焦虑与神经质数据所得到的因果效应方向基本一致,与RSA呈正相关关系(图2A、C),但结果没有统计学意义,相关性P>0.05(表4);抑郁数据的结果显示,IVW与WME法得到的因果效应方向一致,与RSA呈正相关关系,而WM与MR-Egger回归法的结果则与之相反,与RSA呈负相关关系(图2B),但结果依然没有统计学意义,相关性P>0.05(表4)。
根据IVW法计算的结果显示,焦虑、抑郁、神经质这3种负面情绪与RSA之间无统计学意义,即尚不能认为焦虑、抑郁、神经质这3种负面情绪与RSA的发生存在因果关系。另外,IVW、WME、WM及MR-Egger回归对于工具变量的有效性假设各不相同,且各结果与IVW法的结果相类,均可佐证IVW法得出的结果。
由于Cochran’s Q检验均显示P>0.05(见表4),可认为IVs间不存在显著的异质性,且结果应以固定效应模型IVW法的计算结果为主。
在焦虑、抑郁、神经质三项数据中,MR-Egger回归截距分别为-0.007、0.037、-0.006,接近于0,标准误分别为0.030、0.023、0.014,且P>0.05,表明因果效应分析结果受基因多效性影响的可能性小,可认为排他性假设成立,结果见表4。
采用留一法对IVW法结果进行敏感性分析,逐个移除SNPs后,剩余的SNPs与IVW法合并因果效应值相近,表明IVW法得出的效应值相对稳健,也证明了所估计的因果效应不能用任何单一的遗传工具来解释,见图3。
流产的反复发生不仅会对女性生理健康造成损害,也会加重患者心理负担,极易诱发焦虑、抑郁、神经质等负面情绪[18]。目前普遍认为压力、焦虑、抑郁等因素对生育具有负面影响[19],一项对1 043例RSA患者的荟萃分析结果表明,精神压力是RSA发生的危险因素(OR=2.96,95%CI:2.11~4.15)[20]。既往研究多集中于RSA与负面情绪的相关性研究(以观察性研究为主)。而传统流行病学主要解决暴露因素和结局之间的关联性判定问题,不可避免地受到多种混杂因素、因果次序颠倒等问题影响,容易得出负面情绪与RSA之间的虚假关联或反向的因果推断。MR分析具有RCT研究的随机分配思想,且具有更大的样本量,能够在更大程度上克服未测量混杂因素和反向因果关系的影响,更明确地揭示暴露与结局之间的因果次序。
本研究采用GWAS数据,应用两样本MR分析法探究焦虑、抑郁、神经质等负面情绪与RSA之间的因果关系,结果表明焦虑、抑郁、神经质与RSA之间不存在因果关联。
在本研究中,我们严格按照MR研究的关联性、独立性、排他性3个核心假设条件进行IVs的筛选,且3项研究的MR-Egger回归截距均接近于0,因此IVs通过其他遗传路径对结局产生影响的可能性很小。经过异质性检验,IVs之间不存在明显的异质性,受多重共线性的影响较小;经过敏感性分析,留一法后结果相对稳定,未见明显的异常值,均说明了本研究结果具有一定的稳健性。
本研究能够在一定程度上说明焦虑、抑郁、神经质这3种负面情绪并不是导致RSA的直接因素。这一结果与既往多数报道看似相悖,但因果关联与相关性实则并非同一概念:因果关联具有方向性,强调了事件之间的内在逻辑联系,即暴露因素直接导致了结局事件的发生,这种关系不受其他外部因素的干扰;相关性则仅是两个变量在统计上呈现出的关联程度,变量之间不一定存在直接作用关系。因此,本研究并不否定负面情绪与RSA之间具有相关性。既往的观察性研究报道因受限于未测量的混杂因素、样本量较小、研究人群偏倚、共享遗传结构及反向因果关系的影响,可能会得出错误的关联、不稳定的结果、因果关系的误解。如RSA患者因反复多次流产,生理与心理均存在较大压力,此类患者就诊时普遍存在不同程度的负面情绪,因此选取此类患者进行分析,得出负面情绪与RSA存在相关性便在情理之中,但并不能就此说明负面情绪导致了RSA的发生。
为了更加审慎地解读MR分析的结果,还应结合既往的观察性研究。尽管本研究结果认为负面情绪并不是导致RSA的直接因素,但负面情绪仍可能作为间接因素影响胚胎发育。既往研究表明,如抑郁、焦虑、紧张等负面情绪可通过下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴/肾上腺轴、蓝斑-交感神经-肾上腺髓质轴、免疫与炎症反应、氧化应激损伤等导致全身小动脉痉挛,引起血管内皮细胞损伤及胎盘缺血缺氧,成为流产的诱发因素[21]。本研究中3种负面情绪与RSA的MR分析P虽均>0.05,但OR整体呈现正相关。
抑郁数据的散点图显示IVW与WME法得到的因果效应方向一致,WM与MR-Egger回归法的结果则与之相反,但MR分析后均无统计学差异。这可能是不同研究方法假设条件的满足程度不同所致,也与数据特点和样本量有关,扩大样本量、调整统计参数后是否会影响结果仍有待进一步验证。研究中采用的GWAS数据均为欧洲血统人群样本,虽然保持了样本人群血统的一致性,避免了种群偏倚,但由于缺乏其他人种的数据,尚不能推断其他人种负面情绪与RSA之间的关系,仍需纳入更多人种数据以补充、验证结果。另外,本研究仅神经质样本采用了GWAS-meta数据,且焦虑、抑郁、神经质并不能代表所有负面情绪,后续应收集焦虑、抑郁及其他负面情绪和RSA的GWAS汇总数据以扩大样本量,提升研究的可靠性。
综上所述,焦虑、抑郁和神经质这3种负面情绪与RSA间不存在因果关联,不是导致RSA发生的直接因素。提示在临床实践或开展相关研究时,虽然需要关注RSA患者的心理健康,提供必要的情感支持与心理疏导,但不能将病因归咎于负面情绪,仍应积极寻找其他潜在病因。未来,希望能有更多的心理学与临床医学的交叉研究,结合更广泛的人群样本与多样化的研究方法,进一步探究心理因素对妊娠结局的潜在影响。

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2025年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202405107
  • 接收时间:2024-05-29
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-29
  • 修回日期:2024-07-19
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    1河南中医药大学第一附属医院生殖医学科,郑州
    2河南中医药大学第一临床医学院,郑州

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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