Article(id=1317885816916001160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, issueId=1317885672153797495, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12449/JCH260820, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1773676800000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1775750400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-10, onlineDate=1792138063887, onlineDateStr=2026-10-16, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792138063887, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792138063887, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792138063887, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317885672153797495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, year='2026', volume='42', issue='8', pageStart='1745', pageEnd='2000', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792138029373, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792138608261, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317888100290900262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, issueId=1317885672153797495, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317888100290900263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, issueId=1317885672153797495, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1878, endPage=1887, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317885817167659402, articleId=1317885816916001160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, language=EN, title=Value of Golgi protein 73 in assessing liver fibrosis degree and prognosis of patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma, columnId=1317885817083773321, journalTitle=Journal of Clinical Hepatology, columnName=Liver Neoplasm, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To assess the performance of preoperative serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) in diagnosing liver fibrosis degree in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),to investigate its value in predicting postoperative survival,and to provide a basis for risk stratification and individualized decision-making in this population.

Methods

A total of 631 patients with HCC who underwent liver resection at The First Hospital of Jilin University from March 1,2009 to December 31,2022 were enrolled. The demographic,pathological,and serological features of the patients were collected,and the serum level of GP73 was measured before surgery. Scheuer score determined by liver biopsy was used as the gold standard for diagnosing liver fibrosis; the Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between GP73 and liver fibrosis; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to assess the value of serum GP73 and compound serological markers in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis,and the Delong test was used for comparison of AUC. With all-cause mortality as the outcome,X-Tile 3.6.1 software was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of GP73; the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent influencing factors for prognosis,and a nomogram model was constructed. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for internal validation; index of concordance (C-index),integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index,and net reclassification improvement (NRI) index were calculated; calibration curve and decision curve analysis were used to assess the predictive performance of the model.

Results

The serum level of GP73 was positively correlated with Scheuer liver fibrosis stage (rs=0.255,P<0.001). Serum GP73 had a significantly higher AUC than gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-platelet ratio (0.704 vs 0.634,Z=2.00,P=0.046) and S index (0.704 vs 0.637,Z=1.98,P=0.048) in the diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis,with no significant difference compared with aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (AUC=0.722) and fibrosis-4 index (AUC=0.695) (both P>0.05). During a median follow-up time of 48.66 months,239 patients (37.9%) died. GP73 had an optimal cut-off value of 65 ng/mL in predicting postoperative mortality in patients with resectable HCC,and high GP73 expression (≥65 ng/mL) alone achieved a C-index of 0.617 for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients,which was better than the C-index of 0.551 for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage (P<0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that serum GP73 (hazard ratio [HR]=2.56,95% confidence interval [CI]:1.86 — 3.52,P<0.001),sex (HR=1.58,95%CI:1.10 — 2.28,P=0.014),vascular invasion (HR=1.69,95%CI:1.30 — 2.21,P<0.001),total bilirubin (HR=1.49,95%CI:1.16 — 1.93,P=0.002),and maximum tumor diameter (HR=1.07,95%CI:1.04 — 1.11,P<0.001) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality after hepatectomy in patients with HCC. In order to assess whether the addition of GP73 to the other four variables could further improve model performance,the model based on GP73,sex,vascular invasion,total bilirubin,and maximum tumor diameter was defined as the GP73-included model,and the model based on all five variables except GP73 was defined as the GP73-excluded model. The GP73-included model achieved an AUC of 0.704 (95%CI:0.656 — 0.753) for predicting 5-year survival rate after surgery,and ten-fold cross-validation showed that this model had a mean C-index of 0.716 (95%CI:0.682 — 0.750),which was higher than the C-index of the GP73-excluded model (C-index=0.682,95%CI:0.645 — 0.719,P=0.008) and BCLC stage (C-index=0.551,95%CI:0.523 — 0.580,P<0.001). Compared with the GP73-excluded model,the GP73-included model yielded an IDI index of 0.039 (95%CI:0.016 — 0.069,P<0.001) and an NRI index of 0.259 (95%CI:0.179 — 0.335,P<0.001),and compared with BCLC stage,the GP73-included model had an IDI index of 0.112 (95%CI:0.069 — 0.163,P<0.001) and an NRI index of 0.272 (95%CI:0.169 — 0.380,P<0.001). Calibration curve and decision curve analyses showed that the GP73-included model had good calibration and net clinical benefit.

Conclusion

GP73 can be used as a serological biomarker for diagnosing liver fibrosis in patients with resectable HCC,and preoperative GP73 level has a certain value in predicting the survival of these patients after hepatectomy. The integrated prognostic model incorporating GP73 can help to optimize postoperative risk stratification,thereby providing a basis for decision-making in precise treatment of HCC.

, authors=Wanying Huo1, Hua He1, 2, Xinyi Yu3, Maiman He1, Jing Jiang1, authorsList=Wanying Huo, Hua He, Xinyi Yu, Maiman He, Jing Jiang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jing Jiang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1317885820778955162, articleId=1317885816916001160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, language=CN, title=高尔基体蛋白73对可切除肝细胞癌患者肝纤维化程度及预后的评估价值, columnId=1317885817549341067, journalTitle=临床肝胆病杂志, columnName=肝脏肿瘤, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

评估术前血清高尔基体蛋白73(GP73)在可切除肝细胞癌(HCC)患者中诊断肝纤维化程度的效能,并探讨其对术后生存的预测作用,以期为该人群的风险分层与个体化决策提供依据。

方法

纳入2009年3月1日—2022年12月31日于吉林大学第一医院接受肝切除术的HCC患者631例。收集患者的人口学、病理学及血清学特征,并检测术前血清GP73水平。以病理Scheuer评分为肝纤维化诊断的金标准,采用Spearman相关分析评估GP73与肝纤维化的相关性,应用受试者操作特征曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)评估血清GP73与血清学复合标志物对肝纤维化的诊断价值,AUC的比较采用Delong检验。以全因死亡为预后结局,通过X-Tile 3.6.1软件确定GP73的最佳截断值,采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析确定预后独立影响因素,并构建列线图模型。采用10折交叉验证评估模型的内部一致性,计算一致性指数(C-index)、综合判别改善指数(IDI)、净重分类改善指数(NRI),并绘制校准曲线及决策曲线分析评估模型的预测效能。

结果

血清GP73水平与肝纤维化分期呈正相关(rs=0.255,P<0.001)。血清GP73诊断显著肝纤维化的AUC为0.704,显著优于γ-谷氨酰转移酶/血小板比值(AUC=0.634,Z=2.00,P=0.046)和S指数(AUC=0.637,Z=1.98,P=0.048);与天冬氨酸氨基转移酶/血小板比值指数(AUC=0.722)及纤维化-4指数(AUC=0.695)相比,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。HCC患者术后中位随访时间为48.66个月,累计死亡239例(37.9%)。GP73预测可切除HCC患者术后死亡的最佳截断值为65 ng/mL,GP73高表达(≥65 ng/mL)单独预测HCC患者预后的C-index为0.617,优于临床常用的巴塞罗那肝癌临床分期(BCLC分期)(C-index=0.551,P<0.001)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,血清GP73[风险比(hazard ratio,HR)=2.56,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):1.86~3.52,P<0.001]、性别(HR=1.58,95%CI:1.10~2.28,P=0.014)、脉管浸润(HR=1.69,95%CI:1.30~2.21,P<0.001)、总胆红素(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.16~1.93,P=0.002)及肿瘤最大径(HR=1.07,95%CI:1.04~1.11,P<0.001)是HCC患者肝切除术后全因死亡的独立危险因素。为评价在其余4个预测变量基础上加入GP73能否改善模型性能,将纳入GP73、性别、脉管浸润、总胆红素和肿瘤最大径的模型定义为含GP73模型;此外,在保留性别、脉管浸润、总胆红素和肿瘤最大径4个变量的基础上剔除GP73,构建不含GP73模型。结果显示,含GP73模型预测HCC患者术后5年生存率的AUC为0.704(95%CI:0.656~0.753),10折交叉验证平均C-index为0.716(95%CI:0.682~0.750),高于不含GP73模型(C-index=0.682,95%CI:0.645~0.719,P=0.008)和BCLC分期(C-index=0.551,95%CI:0.523~0.580,P<0.001)。与不含GP73模型相比,含GP73模型的IDI为0.039(95%CI:0.016~0.069,P<0.001),NRI为0.259(95%CI:0.179~0.335,P<0.001);与BCLC分期相比,含GP73模型的IDI为0.112(95%CI:0.069~0.163,P<0.001),NRI为0.272(95%CI:0.169~0.380,P<0.001)。校准曲线和决策曲线分析显示,含GP73模型具有良好的校准度和临床净获益。

结论

GP73能够作为可切除HCC患者肝纤维化诊断的血清学标志物,其术前水平对HCC患者肝切除术后生存具有一定预测价值。基于GP73构建的综合预后模型有助于优化术后风险分层,为HCC精准医疗提供决策依据。

, authors=霍婉莹1, 何华1, 2, 于馨一3, 贺迈漫1, 姜晶1, authorsList=霍婉莹, 何华, 于馨一, 贺迈漫, 姜晶, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=姜晶, authorNote=

作者贡献声明

霍婉莹负责研究设计,分析数据,撰写论文;何华负责研究设计,修改论文;于馨一、贺迈漫负责资料收集,数据汇总;姜晶负责拟定写作思路,指导撰写文章并最后定稿。

, correspAuthorsNote=
姜晶, (ORCID:0000-0001-9714-9255)
Jiang Jing, (ORCID:0000-0001-9714-9255)
, copyrightStatement=:本刊所有图片、文字及版式设计的版权归《临床肝胆病杂志》所有。本刊发表的原创性文章,如无特殊声明,《临床肝胆病杂志》保留任何形式的编辑、修改、出版、使用或授权使用权利。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Et/dhwJqV2JHySbU20oq3g==, magXml=MZK1PChh2+8d6Od+SteRDA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Y8l20AdrbN4+2Cmz5rWh3w==, pdfFileSize=3051587, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=XUQPsiZy9QT5+JwprJzlPQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=s6l3Cv8JeNPVUoZkrVmiDw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1317885821370352037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1317885821458432423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, authorId=1317885821370352037, language=EN, stringName=Wanying Huo, firstName=Wanying, middleName=null, lastName=Huo, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Division of Clinical Research,The First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1317885821563290024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, authorId=1317885821370352037, language=CN, stringName=霍婉莹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1吉林大学第一医院临床研究部,长春 130021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1317885820980281755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317885820988670364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, companyId=1317885820980281755, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Division of Clinical Research,The First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317885820992864669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, companyId=1317885820980281755, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1吉林大学第一医院临床研究部,长春 130021)])]), Author(id=1317885821647176106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1317885821781393837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, authorId=1317885821647176106, language=EN, stringName=Hua He, firstName=Hua, middleName=null, lastName=He, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Division of Clinical Research,The First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China
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DOI: 10.1002/onco.13535., articleTitle=Survival predictability between the American joint committee on cancer 8th edition staging system and the Barcelona clinic liver cancer classification in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317885831428293112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=10, pageStart=2019, pageEnd=2026, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=22, authorNames=任朦, 杨益, 李紫明, journalName=临床肝胆病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任朦, 杨益, 李紫明, 等. 850例单中心肝细胞癌患者的临床特征与预后分析[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2024, 40(10): 2019-2026. DOI: 10.12449/JCH241015., articleTitle=850例单中心肝细胞癌患者的临床特征与预后分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1317885831499596281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=10, pageStart=2019, pageEnd=2026, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=23, authorNames=Ren Meng, Yang Yi, Li Ziming, journalName=J Clin Hepatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ren Meng, Yang Yi, Li Ziming, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-center study of 850 cases[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2024, 40(10): 2019-2026. DOI: 10.12449/JCH241015., articleTitle=Clinical features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-center study of 850 cases, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1317885820980281755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317885820988670364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, companyId=1317885820980281755, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Division of Clinical Research,The First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317885820992864669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, companyId=1317885820980281755, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1吉林大学第一医院临床研究部,长春 130021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1317885821055779230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317885821064167839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, companyId=1317885821055779230, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Cancer Center,The First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317885821068362144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, companyId=1317885821055779230, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2吉林大学第一医院肿瘤中心,长春 130021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1317885821118693793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317885821127082402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, companyId=1317885821118693793, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3School of Public Health,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1317885821135471011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, companyId=1317885821118693793, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3吉林大学公共卫生学院,长春 130021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1317885825568850379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Enrollment flowchart, figureFileSmall=vsKIdnLsjuitMIzvxAs++g==, figureFileBig=XUQPsiZy9QT5+JwprJzlPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317885825837285836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=CN, label=图1, caption=入组流程图, figureFileSmall=vsKIdnLsjuitMIzvxAs++g==, figureFileBig=XUQPsiZy9QT5+JwprJzlPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317885826042806733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Serum GP73 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma according to Scheuer score, figureFileSmall=FAMpErmZK9vw6xdzZE7z4g==, figureFileBig=Lj2EZgd+X1YGEwJSnWPiyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317885826265104846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同肝纤维化分期HCC患者的血清GP73水平

注:GP73,高尔基体蛋白73;HCC,肝细胞癌。

, figureFileSmall=FAMpErmZK9vw6xdzZE7z4g==, figureFileBig=Lj2EZgd+X1YGEwJSnWPiyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317885826340602320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=ROC curves of GP73,APRI,FIB-4,GPR,and S-index for diagnosing liver fibrosis, figureFileSmall=waxgxbW82UWkMeWwfx9LQg==, figureFileBig=ZCqE7Cq35XjraN6fKJepKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317885826428682705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=CN, label=图3, caption=GP73、APRI、FIB-4、GPR及S指数对肝纤维化诊断的ROC曲线

注:a,显著肝纤维化;b,肝硬化。GP73,高尔基体蛋白73;APRI,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶/血小板比值指数;FIB-4,纤维化-4指数;GPR,γ-谷氨酰转移酶/血小板比值;ROC曲线,受试者操作特征曲线;AUC,曲线下面积。

, figureFileSmall=waxgxbW82UWkMeWwfx9LQg==, figureFileBig=ZCqE7Cq35XjraN6fKJepKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317885826525151698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Nomogram model, figureFileSmall=2RxyDEi6R6VpdjeJ/9M/qQ==, figureFileBig=kQr1Yy5I2i8ThxbCBA/31Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317885826688729555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=CN, label=图4, caption=列线图模型

注:GP73,高尔基体蛋白73;TBil,总胆红素。

, figureFileSmall=2RxyDEi6R6VpdjeJ/9M/qQ==, figureFileBig=kQr1Yy5I2i8ThxbCBA/31Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317885826755838420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=5-year time-dependent ROC curve, figureFileSmall=N5RG/LjdaDoBK9WT+tAO0w==, figureFileBig=zQt7M0UMWl3Bg7peGTjnuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317885826831335893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=CN, label=图5, caption=5年时间依赖ROC曲线

注:灰色曲线为10折交叉验证各折时间依赖ROC曲线,橙色曲线为10折平均时间依赖ROC曲线。ROC曲线,受试者操作特征曲线;AUC,曲线下面积。

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注:GP73,高尔基体蛋白73;BCLC分期,巴塞罗那肝癌临床分期。

, figureFileSmall=9FrLJ/rECGhCSL8oNQOcaQ==, figureFileBig=dtjM7dIb+PjPUVGLhhmMvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317885827301097947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Subject characteristics of HCC patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量数值变量数值
年龄[例(%)]神经浸润[例(%)]
<60岁397(62.9)否627(99.4)
≥60岁234(37.1)是4(0.6)
性别[例(%)]Scheuer评分[例(%)]
男496(78.6)S0~188(13.9)
女135(21.4)S278(12.4)
Child-Pugh分级[例(%)]S351(8.1)
A级569(90.2)S4414(65.6)
B级62(9.8)AFP[例(%)]
肝炎类型[例(%)]<400 ng/mL471(74.6)
不伴病毒感染14(2.2)≥400 ng/mL160(25.4)
HBV感染517(81.9)AFP-L3%[例(%)]
HCV感染52(8.2)<10%387(61.3)
共同感染48(7.6)≥10%244(38.7)
BCLC分期[例(%)]DCP[例(%)]
0+A期545(86.4)<40 ng/mL222(35.2)
B期86(13.6)≥40 ng/mL409(64.8)
肿瘤最大径[例(%)]GP73(ng/mL)77.2(54.5~115.8)
<5 cm372(59.0)Alb(g/L)38.8(36.1~41.5)
≥5 cm259(41.0)TBil(μmol/L)15.1(11.2~20.7)
肿瘤数量[例(%)]AST(U/L)32.3(24.1~48.2)
单发510(80.8)ALT(U/L)31.3(20.8~48.0)
多发121(19.2)GGT(U/L)57.0(33.4~97.3)
肿瘤组织分化[例(%)]PLT(×109/L)150.0(108.5~190.0)
高分化35(5.5)APRI0.57(0.37~1.06)
中分化426(67.5)FIB-42.31(1.55~3.61)
低分化170(26.9)GPR0.69(0.40~1.32)
脉管浸润[例(%)]S指数0.26(0.14~0.56)
否366(58.0)
是265(42.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1317885827527590364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

HCC患者基线特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量数值变量数值
年龄[例(%)]神经浸润[例(%)]
<60岁397(62.9)否627(99.4)
≥60岁234(37.1)是4(0.6)
性别[例(%)]Scheuer评分[例(%)]
男496(78.6)S0~188(13.9)
女135(21.4)S278(12.4)
Child-Pugh分级[例(%)]S351(8.1)
A级569(90.2)S4414(65.6)
B级62(9.8)AFP[例(%)]
肝炎类型[例(%)]<400 ng/mL471(74.6)
不伴病毒感染14(2.2)≥400 ng/mL160(25.4)
HBV感染517(81.9)AFP-L3%[例(%)]
HCV感染52(8.2)<10%387(61.3)
共同感染48(7.6)≥10%244(38.7)
BCLC分期[例(%)]DCP[例(%)]
0+A期545(86.4)<40 ng/mL222(35.2)
B期86(13.6)≥40 ng/mL409(64.8)
肿瘤最大径[例(%)]GP73(ng/mL)77.2(54.5~115.8)
<5 cm372(59.0)Alb(g/L)38.8(36.1~41.5)
≥5 cm259(41.0)TBil(μmol/L)15.1(11.2~20.7)
肿瘤数量[例(%)]AST(U/L)32.3(24.1~48.2)
单发510(80.8)ALT(U/L)31.3(20.8~48.0)
多发121(19.2)GGT(U/L)57.0(33.4~97.3)
肿瘤组织分化[例(%)]PLT(×109/L)150.0(108.5~190.0)
高分化35(5.5)APRI0.57(0.37~1.06)
中分化426(67.5)FIB-42.31(1.55~3.61)
低分化170(26.9)GPR0.69(0.40~1.32)
脉管浸润[例(%)]S指数0.26(0.14~0.56)
否366(58.0)
是265(42.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1317885827598893533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Clinicopathological characteristics between HCC patients with low and high serum GP73 levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量GP73低表达组(n=235)GP73高表达组(n=396)χ2值P值
年龄[例(%)]0.130.714
<60岁150(63.8)247(62.4)
≥60岁85(36.2)149(37.6)
性别[例(%)]1.590.208
男191(81.3)305(77.0)
女44(18.7)91(23.0)
Child-Pugh分级[例(%)]17.43<0.001
A级227(96.6)342(86.4)
B级8(3.4)54(13.6)
肝炎类型[例(%)]16.99<0.001
不伴病毒感染1(0.4)13(3.3)
HBV感染186(79.1)331(83.6)
HCV感染31(13.2)21(5.3)
共同感染17(7.2)31(7.8)
BCLC分期[例(%)]3.710.054
0+A期211(89.8)334(84.3)
B期24(10.2)62(15.7)
肝硬化[例(%)]29.22<0.001
否112(47.7)105(26.5)
是123(52.3)291(73.5)
肿瘤最大径[例(%)]11.73<0.001
<5 cm159(67.7)213(53.8)
≥5 cm76(32.3)183(46.2)
肿瘤数量[例(%)]1.120.290
单发195(83.0)315(79.5)
多发40(17.0)81(20.5)
肿瘤组织分化[例(%)]10.690.005
高分化16(6.8)19(4.8)
中分化173(73.6)253(63.9)
低分化46(19.6)124(31.3)
脉管浸润[例(%)]7.760.005
否153(65.1)213(53.8)
是82(34.9)183(46.2)
神经浸润[例(%)]0.631
否233(99.1)394(99.5)
是2(0.9)2(0.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1317885827691168222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同血清GP73表达水平HCC患者的临床病理特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量GP73低表达组(n=235)GP73高表达组(n=396)χ2值P值
年龄[例(%)]0.130.714
<60岁150(63.8)247(62.4)
≥60岁85(36.2)149(37.6)
性别[例(%)]1.590.208
男191(81.3)305(77.0)
女44(18.7)91(23.0)
Child-Pugh分级[例(%)]17.43<0.001
A级227(96.6)342(86.4)
B级8(3.4)54(13.6)
肝炎类型[例(%)]16.99<0.001
不伴病毒感染1(0.4)13(3.3)
HBV感染186(79.1)331(83.6)
HCV感染31(13.2)21(5.3)
共同感染17(7.2)31(7.8)
BCLC分期[例(%)]3.710.054
0+A期211(89.8)334(84.3)
B期24(10.2)62(15.7)
肝硬化[例(%)]29.22<0.001
否112(47.7)105(26.5)
是123(52.3)291(73.5)
肿瘤最大径[例(%)]11.73<0.001
<5 cm159(67.7)213(53.8)
≥5 cm76(32.3)183(46.2)
肿瘤数量[例(%)]1.120.290
单发195(83.0)315(79.5)
多发40(17.0)81(20.5)
肿瘤组织分化[例(%)]10.690.005
高分化16(6.8)19(4.8)
中分化173(73.6)253(63.9)
低分化46(19.6)124(31.3)
脉管浸润[例(%)]7.760.005
否153(65.1)213(53.8)
是82(34.9)183(46.2)
神经浸润[例(%)]0.631
否233(99.1)394(99.5)
是2(0.9)2(0.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1317885827934437855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis of prognosis of HCC resection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素分析多因素分析
HR95%CIP值HR95%CIP值
年龄(≥60岁 vs <60岁)0.990.76~1.300.934
性别(男 vs 女)1.611.13~2.310.0091.581.10~2.280.014
BMI(kg/m2)0.950.91~1.000.054
肝炎类型
HBV感染 vs 不伴病毒感染1.090.65~1.810.750
HCV感染 vs 不伴病毒感染0.500.23~1.110.090
共同感染 vs 不伴病毒感染0.980.43~2.250.967
Child-Pugh分级(B级 vs A级)2.181.51~3.14<0.001
BCLC分期(B期 vs 0+A期)1.701.23~2.340.001
肝硬化(是 vs 否)1.250.95~1.640.118
肿瘤最大径(cm)1.121.08~1.16<0.0011.071.04~1.11<0.001
肿瘤数量(多发 vs 单发)1.571.17~2.110.003
肿瘤组织分化
中分化 vs 高分化1.070.65~1.760.798
低分化 vs 高分化1.600.96~2.670.074
脉管浸润(是 vs 否)2.091.62~2.70<0.0011.691.30~2.21<0.001
神经浸润(是vs 否)1.410.35~5.680.630
Alb(<35 g/L vs ≥35 g/L)1.501.09~2.070.013
TBil(≥17.1 μmol/L vs <17.1 μmol/L)1.581.23~2.04<0.0011.491.16~1.930.002
AST(≥40 U/L vs <40 U/L)1.911.48~2.46<0.001
ALT(≥40 U/L vs <40 U/L)1.351.04~1.750.022
PLT(≥125 ×109/L vs <125×109/L)1.250.96~1.620.094
PT(≥13 s vs <13 s)1.160.84~1.580.367
NLR(≥1.90 vs <1.90)1.641.25~2.14<0.001
MLR(≥0.27 vs <0.27)1.471.13~1.900.004
AFP(≥400 ng/mL vs <400 ng/mL)1.461.11~1.920.007
AFP-L3%(≥10% vs <10%)1.441.11~1.860.006
DCP(≥40 ng/mL vs <40 ng/mL)1.471.12~1.930.006
GP73(≥65 ng/mL vs <65 ng/mL)2.842.08~3.89<0.0012.561.86~3.52<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1317885829427610081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1316781422847033486, articleId=1317885816916001160, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

HCC切除术后预后的单因素及多因素Cox回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量单因素分析多因素分析
HR95%CIP值HR95%CIP值
年龄(≥60岁 vs <60岁)0.990.76~1.300.934
性别(男 vs 女)1.611.13~2.310.0091.581.10~2.280.014
BMI(kg/m2)0.950.91~1.000.054
肝炎类型
HBV感染 vs 不伴病毒感染1.090.65~1.810.750
HCV感染 vs 不伴病毒感染0.500.23~1.110.090
共同感染 vs 不伴病毒感染0.980.43~2.250.967
Child-Pugh分级(B级 vs A级)2.181.51~3.14<0.001
BCLC分期(B期 vs 0+A期)1.701.23~2.340.001
肝硬化(是 vs 否)1.250.95~1.640.118
肿瘤最大径(cm)1.121.08~1.16<0.0011.071.04~1.11<0.001
肿瘤数量(多发 vs 单发)1.571.17~2.110.003
肿瘤组织分化
中分化 vs 高分化1.070.65~1.760.798
低分化 vs 高分化1.600.96~2.670.074
脉管浸润(是 vs 否)2.091.62~2.70<0.0011.691.30~2.21<0.001
神经浸润(是vs 否)1.410.35~5.680.630
Alb(<35 g/L vs ≥35 g/L)1.501.09~2.070.013
TBil(≥17.1 μmol/L vs <17.1 μmol/L)1.581.23~2.04<0.0011.491.16~1.930.002
AST(≥40 U/L vs <40 U/L)1.911.48~2.46<0.001
ALT(≥40 U/L vs <40 U/L)1.351.04~1.750.022
PLT(≥125 ×109/L vs <125×109/L)1.250.96~1.620.094
PT(≥13 s vs <13 s)1.160.84~1.580.367
NLR(≥1.90 vs <1.90)1.641.25~2.14<0.001
MLR(≥0.27 vs <0.27)1.471.13~1.900.004
AFP(≥400 ng/mL vs <400 ng/mL)1.461.11~1.920.007
AFP-L3%(≥10% vs <10%)1.441.11~1.860.006
DCP(≥40 ng/mL vs <40 ng/mL)1.471.12~1.930.006
GP73(≥65 ng/mL vs <65 ng/mL)2.842.08~3.89<0.0012.561.86~3.52<0.001
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高尔基体蛋白73对可切除肝细胞癌患者肝纤维化程度及预后的评估价值
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霍婉莹 1 , 何华 1, 2 , 于馨一 3 , 贺迈漫 1 , 姜晶 1
临床肝胆病杂志 | 肝脏肿瘤 2026,42(8): 1878-1887
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临床肝胆病杂志 |肝脏肿瘤 2026 , 42 (8) : 1878 -1887
高尔基体蛋白73对可切除肝细胞癌患者肝纤维化程度及预后的评估价值
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霍婉莹1, 何华1, 2, 于馨一3, 贺迈漫1, 姜晶1
作者信息
  • 1吉林大学第一医院临床研究部,长春 130021
  • 2吉林大学第一医院肿瘤中心,长春 130021
  • 3吉林大学公共卫生学院,长春 130021
通讯作者:
姜晶, (ORCID:0000-0001-9714-9255)
Jiang Jing, (ORCID:0000-0001-9714-9255)
作者简介:

作者贡献声明

霍婉莹负责研究设计,分析数据,撰写论文;何华负责研究设计,修改论文;于馨一、贺迈漫负责资料收集,数据汇总;姜晶负责拟定写作思路,指导撰写文章并最后定稿。

Value of Golgi protein 73 in assessing liver fibrosis degree and prognosis of patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Wanying Huo1, Hua He1, 2, Xinyi Yu3, Maiman He1, Jing Jiang1
Affiliations
  • 1Division of Clinical Research,The First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China
  • 2Cancer Center,The First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China
  • 3School of Public Health,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.12449/JCH260820
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目的

评估术前血清高尔基体蛋白73(GP73)在可切除肝细胞癌(HCC)患者中诊断肝纤维化程度的效能,并探讨其对术后生存的预测作用,以期为该人群的风险分层与个体化决策提供依据。

方法

纳入2009年3月1日—2022年12月31日于吉林大学第一医院接受肝切除术的HCC患者631例。收集患者的人口学、病理学及血清学特征,并检测术前血清GP73水平。以病理Scheuer评分为肝纤维化诊断的金标准,采用Spearman相关分析评估GP73与肝纤维化的相关性,应用受试者操作特征曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)评估血清GP73与血清学复合标志物对肝纤维化的诊断价值,AUC的比较采用Delong检验。以全因死亡为预后结局,通过X-Tile 3.6.1软件确定GP73的最佳截断值,采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析确定预后独立影响因素,并构建列线图模型。采用10折交叉验证评估模型的内部一致性,计算一致性指数(C-index)、综合判别改善指数(IDI)、净重分类改善指数(NRI),并绘制校准曲线及决策曲线分析评估模型的预测效能。

结果

血清GP73水平与肝纤维化分期呈正相关(rs=0.255,P<0.001)。血清GP73诊断显著肝纤维化的AUC为0.704,显著优于γ-谷氨酰转移酶/血小板比值(AUC=0.634,Z=2.00,P=0.046)和S指数(AUC=0.637,Z=1.98,P=0.048);与天冬氨酸氨基转移酶/血小板比值指数(AUC=0.722)及纤维化-4指数(AUC=0.695)相比,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。HCC患者术后中位随访时间为48.66个月,累计死亡239例(37.9%)。GP73预测可切除HCC患者术后死亡的最佳截断值为65 ng/mL,GP73高表达(≥65 ng/mL)单独预测HCC患者预后的C-index为0.617,优于临床常用的巴塞罗那肝癌临床分期(BCLC分期)(C-index=0.551,P<0.001)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,血清GP73[风险比(hazard ratio,HR)=2.56,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):1.86~3.52,P<0.001]、性别(HR=1.58,95%CI:1.10~2.28,P=0.014)、脉管浸润(HR=1.69,95%CI:1.30~2.21,P<0.001)、总胆红素(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.16~1.93,P=0.002)及肿瘤最大径(HR=1.07,95%CI:1.04~1.11,P<0.001)是HCC患者肝切除术后全因死亡的独立危险因素。为评价在其余4个预测变量基础上加入GP73能否改善模型性能,将纳入GP73、性别、脉管浸润、总胆红素和肿瘤最大径的模型定义为含GP73模型;此外,在保留性别、脉管浸润、总胆红素和肿瘤最大径4个变量的基础上剔除GP73,构建不含GP73模型。结果显示,含GP73模型预测HCC患者术后5年生存率的AUC为0.704(95%CI:0.656~0.753),10折交叉验证平均C-index为0.716(95%CI:0.682~0.750),高于不含GP73模型(C-index=0.682,95%CI:0.645~0.719,P=0.008)和BCLC分期(C-index=0.551,95%CI:0.523~0.580,P<0.001)。与不含GP73模型相比,含GP73模型的IDI为0.039(95%CI:0.016~0.069,P<0.001),NRI为0.259(95%CI:0.179~0.335,P<0.001);与BCLC分期相比,含GP73模型的IDI为0.112(95%CI:0.069~0.163,P<0.001),NRI为0.272(95%CI:0.169~0.380,P<0.001)。校准曲线和决策曲线分析显示,含GP73模型具有良好的校准度和临床净获益。

结论

GP73能够作为可切除HCC患者肝纤维化诊断的血清学标志物,其术前水平对HCC患者肝切除术后生存具有一定预测价值。基于GP73构建的综合预后模型有助于优化术后风险分层,为HCC精准医疗提供决策依据。

癌,肝细胞  /  高尔基体蛋白73  /  肝纤维化  /  预后  /  列线图
Objective

To assess the performance of preoperative serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) in diagnosing liver fibrosis degree in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),to investigate its value in predicting postoperative survival,and to provide a basis for risk stratification and individualized decision-making in this population.

Methods

A total of 631 patients with HCC who underwent liver resection at The First Hospital of Jilin University from March 1,2009 to December 31,2022 were enrolled. The demographic,pathological,and serological features of the patients were collected,and the serum level of GP73 was measured before surgery. Scheuer score determined by liver biopsy was used as the gold standard for diagnosing liver fibrosis; the Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between GP73 and liver fibrosis; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to assess the value of serum GP73 and compound serological markers in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis,and the Delong test was used for comparison of AUC. With all-cause mortality as the outcome,X-Tile 3.6.1 software was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of GP73; the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent influencing factors for prognosis,and a nomogram model was constructed. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for internal validation; index of concordance (C-index),integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index,and net reclassification improvement (NRI) index were calculated; calibration curve and decision curve analysis were used to assess the predictive performance of the model.

Results

The serum level of GP73 was positively correlated with Scheuer liver fibrosis stage (rs=0.255,P<0.001). Serum GP73 had a significantly higher AUC than gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-platelet ratio (0.704 vs 0.634,Z=2.00,P=0.046) and S index (0.704 vs 0.637,Z=1.98,P=0.048) in the diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis,with no significant difference compared with aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (AUC=0.722) and fibrosis-4 index (AUC=0.695) (both P>0.05). During a median follow-up time of 48.66 months,239 patients (37.9%) died. GP73 had an optimal cut-off value of 65 ng/mL in predicting postoperative mortality in patients with resectable HCC,and high GP73 expression (≥65 ng/mL) alone achieved a C-index of 0.617 for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients,which was better than the C-index of 0.551 for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage (P<0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that serum GP73 (hazard ratio [HR]=2.56,95% confidence interval [CI]:1.86 — 3.52,P<0.001),sex (HR=1.58,95%CI:1.10 — 2.28,P=0.014),vascular invasion (HR=1.69,95%CI:1.30 — 2.21,P<0.001),total bilirubin (HR=1.49,95%CI:1.16 — 1.93,P=0.002),and maximum tumor diameter (HR=1.07,95%CI:1.04 — 1.11,P<0.001) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality after hepatectomy in patients with HCC. In order to assess whether the addition of GP73 to the other four variables could further improve model performance,the model based on GP73,sex,vascular invasion,total bilirubin,and maximum tumor diameter was defined as the GP73-included model,and the model based on all five variables except GP73 was defined as the GP73-excluded model. The GP73-included model achieved an AUC of 0.704 (95%CI:0.656 — 0.753) for predicting 5-year survival rate after surgery,and ten-fold cross-validation showed that this model had a mean C-index of 0.716 (95%CI:0.682 — 0.750),which was higher than the C-index of the GP73-excluded model (C-index=0.682,95%CI:0.645 — 0.719,P=0.008) and BCLC stage (C-index=0.551,95%CI:0.523 — 0.580,P<0.001). Compared with the GP73-excluded model,the GP73-included model yielded an IDI index of 0.039 (95%CI:0.016 — 0.069,P<0.001) and an NRI index of 0.259 (95%CI:0.179 — 0.335,P<0.001),and compared with BCLC stage,the GP73-included model had an IDI index of 0.112 (95%CI:0.069 — 0.163,P<0.001) and an NRI index of 0.272 (95%CI:0.169 — 0.380,P<0.001). Calibration curve and decision curve analyses showed that the GP73-included model had good calibration and net clinical benefit.

Conclusion

GP73 can be used as a serological biomarker for diagnosing liver fibrosis in patients with resectable HCC,and preoperative GP73 level has a certain value in predicting the survival of these patients after hepatectomy. The integrated prognostic model incorporating GP73 can help to optimize postoperative risk stratification,thereby providing a basis for decision-making in precise treatment of HCC.

Carcinoma,Hepatocellular  /  Golgi Protein 73  /  Hepatic Fibrosis  /  Prognosis  /  Nomograms
霍婉莹, 何华, 于馨一, 贺迈漫, 姜晶. 高尔基体蛋白73对可切除肝细胞癌患者肝纤维化程度及预后的评估价值. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2026 , 42 (8) : 1878 -1887 . DOI: 10.12449/JCH260820
Wanying Huo, Hua He, Xinyi Yu, Maiman He, Jing Jiang. Value of Golgi protein 73 in assessing liver fibrosis degree and prognosis of patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2026 , 42 (8) : 1878 -1887 . DOI: 10.12449/JCH260820
肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是全球六大常见癌症之一,其死亡率位居癌症相关死因第三位,公共卫生负担持续加重[1]。肝切除术是目前获得长期生存的主要根治性手段[2],但在可切除HCC人群中,患者术后生存结局存在较大异质性,提示现有风险分层工具在指导围手术期精准决策和个体化预后评估方面尚存在不足[3]。
术前精准评估肝纤维化程度对制定合理的手术策略、改善患者预后至关重要。肝硬化阶段的患者因残余肝功能储备不足,切除范围受限;若能在纤维化等可逆性阶段予以准确识别并及时干预,则有望扩大手术人群并改善预后[4-5]。然而,现有肝纤维化评估手段存在明显局限:肝脏活组织检查具有侵袭性,临床应用受限;影像学检查易受肥胖、炎症活动等因素影响;多种血清学评分[如天冬氨酸氨基转移酶/血小板比值指数(aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index,APRI)]在可切除HCC患者中的准确性和适用性仍存在争议[6-7]。在预后评估方面,当前国际广泛应用的预后评估工具,包括巴塞罗那肝癌临床分期(Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging,BCLC分期)和美国癌症联合会原发肿瘤-区域淋巴结-远处转移分期(tumor node metastasis classification,TNM分期),对肝纤维化程度及残余肝功能储备的影响考虑不足,导致不同分期体系对可切除HCC患者术后生存的预测结果存在显著差异,难以满足精准预后评估的需求[8]。因此,亟需发掘兼具肝纤维化评估与预后分层能力的新型生物学标志物,以实现纤维化的无创评估并优化预后判断[9]。
高尔基体蛋白73(Golgi protein 73,GP73)是一种主要表达于肝细胞高尔基体膜的跨膜糖蛋白[10]。既往研究表明,血清GP73水平不仅与肝纤维化分期密切相关,亦与HCC的肿瘤生物学特征存在关联,显示出其作为潜在生物标志物的重要价值[11]。然而,目前关于GP73的研究仍存在一定局限性。首先,多数肝纤维化诊断的研究对象为单纯慢性肝病患者,缺乏针对接受肝切除术的可切除HCC人群的系统评估;其次,既往研究仅将GP73分别作为肝纤维化诊断指标或肿瘤标志物进行评估,鲜有在同一可切除HCC队列中同时评估其对肝纤维化及术后生存的双重预测价值。此外,在整合肿瘤负荷、肝功能等传统风险因素后,GP73能否提供独立的增量预后价值,也是待解决的关键问题[12]。
因此,本研究旨在系统评估GP73在可切除HCC患者肝纤维化诊断及术后预后评估中的价值,并构建整合GP73的综合评估模型,为优化该人群的个体化风险分层提供关键证据。
本研究基于吉林大学第一医院前瞻性肝癌随访队列,纳入该队列中2009年3月1日—2022年12月31日首次接受根治性肝切除术并留存术前血清标本的全部HCC患者。纳入标准:(1)经肝组织病理确诊为HCC;(2)行根治性肝切除术,且术前未接受抗肿瘤治疗;(3)具有冻存的术前血清标本。排除标准:(1)存在远处转移或手术切缘阳性;(2)合并其他恶性肿瘤;(3)合并严重心、肺、肾、血液疾病或严重脑病;(4)初次随访即失访;(5)缺乏肝纤维化病理分级资料。入组筛选流程详见图1。
收集患者的人口统计学、临床和病理数据,具体包括年龄、性别、手术时间及方式、肝炎病毒感染类型、全血细胞计数、凝血功能、肝功能检查、肝纤维化程度、肿瘤大小及数目等。其中,肝纤维化程度、脉管浸润、神经浸润及组织学分化依据术后病理结果确定;其余指标则以入院后、术前最近一次检查结果为准。
肝纤维化程度采用病理Scheuer评分系统对手术切除的肝脏标本进行评估,根据其临床意义,将≥S2评定为显著肝纤维化,≥S4评定为肝硬化[13]。
血清学肝纤维化评估指标包括APRI、纤维化-4指数(fibrosis-4 index,FIB-4指数)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶/血小板比值(gamma glutamyltransferase to platelet ratio,GPR)及S指数,具体计算公式参考既往文献[14]。
所有患者于术前当日采集空腹(>8 h)外周血,血清标本均于-80 ℃冻存。对纳入患者的术前血清学样本进行检测,采用磁微粒化学发光免疫分析试剂盒(北京热景生物技术股份有限公司),通过Hotgen MQ60plus自动免疫分析仪检测血清中GP73、AFP、DCP浓度及AFP-L3%。所有操作均严格遵循试剂盒及仪器说明书要求。
所有患者出院后接受系统性随访,术后第1年内于3、6、12个月随访1次,此后每年电话随访1次,直至患者死亡、失访或研究截止日期(2025年4月30日)。
生存结局信息通过门诊复诊、电话随访及国家死亡登记系统获取。本研究的主要结局指标为总生存期,其定义为自肝切除手术日期至任何原因所致死亡或末次随访日期的时间间隔。
采用SPSS 25.0、R 4.4.3和X-Tile 3.6.1软件对数据进行统计分析。计量资料均呈非正态分布,以M(P25~P75)表示。计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切检验。采用Spearman相关分析法,评估血清GP73水平与肝纤维化程度之间的相关性。应用受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)及曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评价血清GP73与血清学复合标志物的诊断效能,AUC的比较采用Delong检验。
在预后分析中,采用X-Tile 3.6.1软件确定最佳截断值,并通过Kaplan-Meier法与Log-rank检验比较生存差异。单因素Cox比例风险回归模型用于初步筛选潜在预测因子,将具有统计学意义的变量通过Schoenfeld残差检验比例风险假设,并利用方差膨胀因子评估变量间的共线性。多因素Cox回归分析(向后逐步法)用于确定最终预测模型,并以列线图进行可视化展示。通过10折交叉验证评估模型的内部一致性,计算一致性指数(concordance index,C-index)以评估其区分度,采用时间依赖性ROC曲线评估预测性能,校准曲线用于检验准确性,决策曲线分析评估临床实用性。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
本研究共纳入631例接受根治性肝切除的HCC患者,其中年龄≥60岁者234例(37.1%),男496例(78.6%)。多数患者合并乙型肝炎病毒感染(81.9%),肿瘤呈单发病灶(80.8%),病理分级为中分化(67.5%),Scheuer评分为S4(肝硬化)者占65.6%。患者的基线临床及病理学特征见表1。
血清GP73水平随着肝纤维化程度的加重而显著升高(rs=0.255,P<0.001)(图2)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,在显著肝纤维化诊断中,GP73的AUC为0.704(敏感度62.8%,特异度71.8%),其诊断效能显著优于GPR(AUC=0.634)和S指数(AUC=0.637)(Z值分别为2.00、1.98,P值分别为0.046、0.048),而与APRI(AUC=0.722)及FIB-4(AUC=0.695)相比,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);在肝硬化诊断中,GP73的AUC为0.638(敏感度72.6%,特异度49.0%),与FIB-4(AUC=0.676)、GPR(AUC=0.634)及S指数(AUC=0.634)相比,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),但GP73的AUC低于APRI(AUC=0.688),差异有统计学意义(Z=-1.99,P=0.047)(图3)。
HCC患者术后中位随访时间为48.66个月,累计死亡239例(37.9%)。依据X-Tile 3.6.1软件确定最佳截断值为65 ng/mL,将患者分为GP73高表达组(≥65 ng/mL,n=396)与GP73低表达组(<65 ng/mL,n=235)。血清GP73预测HCC患者术后总生存期的C-index为0.617[95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):0.589~0.645],显著高于BCLC分期(C-index=0.551,95%CI:0.523~0.580,P<0.001)、AFP(C-index=0.555,95%CI:0.522~0.588,P=0.016)、AFP-L3%(C-index=0.553,95%CI:0.516~0.588,P=0.013)和DCP(C-index=0.554,95%CI:0.523~0.585,P=0.003)。
与GP73低表达组相比,GP73高表达组患者的乙型肝炎病毒感染比例更高,蔡尔德-皮尤分级(Child-Pugh分级)更差,肝硬化比例更高,肿瘤最大径≥5 cm、低分化及存在脉管浸润的比例均显著增加(P值均<0.05)(表2)。GP73高表达组术后5年总生存率显著低于低表达组(51.2% vs 76.8%,χ2=46.54,P<0.001)。与GP73低表达组相比,GP73高表达组患者的死亡风险显著增加(风险比=2.84,95%CI:2.08~3.89,P<0.001)。根据BCLC分期进行的分层分析显示,在各分期患者中,GP73高表达患者的中位生存期均显著短于低表达患者(BCLC 0+A期:χ2=42.14,P<0.001;BCLC B期:χ2=3.910,P=0.048);在按照Child-Pugh分级、HBV或HCV感染、肝硬化状态、肿瘤大小、肿瘤组织中低分化、脉管浸润等因素分层的患者中,GP73高表达组的总生存期均低于低表达组(P值均<0.05)。在无HBV/HCV感染、HBV/HCV共同感染及肿瘤组织高分化患者中,由于样本量较少,GP73高、低表达组的生存差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。
单因素Cox回归结果显示,GP73、性别、Child-Pugh分级、BCLC分期、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤数量、脉管浸润、白蛋白、总胆红素、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值、AFP、AFP-L3%及DCP均与HCC切除术后预后显著相关(P值均<0.05);多因素Cox回归分析显示,血清GP73、性别、脉管浸润、总胆红素及肿瘤最大径是HCC切除术后预后的独立影响因素(P值均<0.05),在调整其余4个变量后,GP73高表达仍与术后全因死亡风险独立相关(风险比=2.56,95%CI:1.86~3.52,P<0.001)(表3)。将上述5个变量纳入列线图模型,各变量根据评分量表赋分,相加得总分,用于预测HCC患者术后5年生存率(图4)。
列线图模型预测HCC患者术后5年生存率的AUC为0.704(95%CI:0.656~0.753)(图5)。校准曲线显示,预测概率与实际概率基本相符,提示模型具有良好的校准度(图6)。
为评价在其余4个预测变量基础上加入GP73能否改善模型性能,将纳入GP73、性别、脉管浸润、总胆红素和肿瘤最大径的模型定义为含GP73模型;此外,在保留性别、脉管浸润、总胆红素和肿瘤最大径4个变量的基础上剔除GP73,构建不含GP73模型。在10折交叉验证中,含GP73模型的平均C-index为0.716(95%CI:0.682~0.750),显著高于不含GP73的模型(C-index=0.682,95%CI:0.645~0.719,P=0.008)及BCLC分期系统(C-index=0.551,95%CI:0.523~0.580,P<0.001)。
通过综合判别改善指数(integrated discrimination improvement,IDI)与净重分类改善指数(net reclassification improvement,NRI)评估加入GP73后模型整体预测和风险重新分类能力的改善程度。与不含GP73的模型相比,含GP73模型的IDI为0.039(95%CI:0.016~0.069,P<0.001),NRI为0.259(95%CI:0.179~0.335,P<0.001);与BCLC分期相比,含GP73模型的IDI为0.112(95%CI:0.069~0.163,P<0.001),NRI为0.272(95%CI:0.169~0.380,P<0.001)。此外,决策曲线分析结果提示,含GP73的列线图模型其临床净获益总体高于不含GP73模型及BCLC分期(图7)。
本研究结果显示,在可切除HCC患者中,术前血清GP73水平与肝纤维化分期呈显著正相关。既往研究提示,GP73可能通过内质网应激和免疫微环境调控参与胶原沉积及肝窦结构重构,为上述关联提供了生物学解释[11]。既往关于GP73对肝纤维化诊断价值的研究证据主要来源于慢性肝病或肝硬化人群[15-16]。本研究以病理分期为标准,进一步补充了GP73在可切除HCC人群中肝纤维化诊断的相关证据。结果显示,GP73诊断显著肝纤维化的效能不劣于APRI、FIB-4等传统复合指标。APRI和FIB-4通过整合转氨酶、血小板、年龄等信息,间接反映肝细胞损伤、门静脉高压相关血液学改变及肝纤维化程度。而GP73是与肝细胞应激、炎症反应及纤维化重塑相关的单一血清标志物,可从不同于传统复合指标的生物学维度提供纤维化相关信息。因此,尽管本研究中GP73诊断显著肝纤维化或肝硬化的AUC未优于APRI/FIB-4,但其仍具备作为补充性血清标志物的潜力,可作为现有无创评估体系的有效辅助指标。
GP73不仅与肝纤维化程度相关,也与可切除HCC患者的术后生存风险相关。既往研究提示,GP73可通过调控信号转导与转录激活因子3信号通路、影响免疫检查点分子表达及重塑肿瘤微环境,促进肿瘤细胞增殖、侵袭与免疫逃逸,从而导致不良预后[17]。一项Meta分析结果亦显示,GP73升高与HCC患者较差预后相关[18]。本研究中,术前高GP73水平患者总生存期较短;多因素Cox回归分析中,在调整性别、脉管浸润、总胆红素和肿瘤最大径后,GP73高表达仍与术后全因死亡风险独立相关,提示其具有超越常规临床病理因素的补充预后价值。在此基础上,本研究构建了纳入GP73的列线图模型。与仅基于传统指标、不含GP73的模型相比,纳入GP73后模型的预测效能显著提升。这表明,GP73不仅是有效的预后标志物,而且在现有临床信息基础上具备明确的增量预测价值,有助于提升术前个体化预后评估的准确性。
相较于BCLC分期等传统分期系统,本研究构建的列线图模型在可切除HCC患者中展现出更高的区分度与更强的个体化预测能力。BCLC分期更适合从整体层面指导治疗策略选择,而对同一分期内患者的预后差异,其解释能力较为有限;此外,该分期系统未将肝纤维化程度及相关生物学标志物纳入考量,故难以充分反映肿瘤生长微环境和残余肝功能储备的异质性[19]。本研究结果提示,在术前常规临床评估基础上联合检测GP73,有望弥补这一不足,实现更精细的个体化风险评估。
本研究基于GP73构建的列线图模型具有明确的临床指导意义。该模型中GP73检测方法简便易行,列线图形式直观清晰,便于在临床实践中推广应用,尤其适用于对同一BCLC分期内的患者进行风险再分层[20]。首先,在手术风险评估与术式选择方面,术前高GP73水平提示患者肝脏基础状况较差,术后发生肝功能不全的风险相对更高。对于此类患者,外科医生在规划手术时需设定更严格的残肝体积标准,以降低术后严重并发症的风险。其次,在术后随访策略方面,该模型有助于实现分层管理。对于列线图评分较高的高危患者,应制定更为密切的随访计划,以便早期发现并及时处理潜在的肿瘤复发,进而改善患者的总生存期。基于GP73的风险分层有助于优化围手术期管理,在兼顾肿瘤根治性的同时,降低术后不良结局的发生风险。
本研究的优势在于样本量相对较大,且研究对象聚焦于可切除HCC人群。然而,本研究仍存在一定局限性。首先,作为单中心回顾性研究,可能存在选择偏倚,模型的普适性有待通过前瞻性、多中心的外部验证加以确认。其次,GP73的最佳截断值采用X-tile软件基于本队列数据确定,可能存在过拟合风险。此外,本研究以总生存期作为研究终点,后续研究可纳入复发与肝功能失代偿等临床终点。未来研究应聚焦于多中心、前瞻性设计,进一步深入探索GP73在肝癌发生发展中的分子机制,并结合病因学背景、分子分型及影像组学等信息,构建多模态整合模型,以进一步提升预测性能。
综上所述,血清GP73在可切除HCC患者中兼具肝纤维化无创评估与术后生存预测的双重临床价值。基于GP73构建的预后评估模型有助于提升术前风险分层的精准度,从而优化个体化治疗策略及术后随访方案。

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2026年第42卷第8期
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doi: 10.12449/JCH260820
  • 接收时间:2026-03-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-16
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-17
  • 录用日期:2026-04-10
基金
作者信息
    1吉林大学第一医院临床研究部,长春 130021
    2吉林大学第一医院肿瘤中心,长春 130021
    3吉林大学公共卫生学院,长春 130021

通讯作者:

姜晶, (ORCID:0000-0001-9714-9255)
Jiang Jing, (ORCID:0000-0001-9714-9255)
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/lcgdbzz/CN/10.12449/JCH260820
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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