Article(id=1322909587967443254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715356800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335824242, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335824242, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335824242, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335824242, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=212, endPage=219, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909590962176311, articleId=1322909587967443254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Optimal Design of Intake Air Duct in Pendulum Mill Based on Coupled Simulation Technology, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problems of high energy consumption, material accumulation in the air duct, and local wear in the swing mill, an analysis was conducted on the existing structures of the intake air duct, including volute and air duct blades. Based on fluid dynamics, multiphase flow, and discrete element coupling simulation technology, numerical simulations were conducted on the internal wind and particle fields of a pendulum mill. Response surface simulation tests were conducted on the volute shape, the blades angle of air duct, and the blades number of air duct. The results show that optimizing the volute shape is beneficial for reducing pressure loss and equipment energy consumption. Reasonable selection of blade angle and number is beneficial for reducing the uneven coefficient of air flow velocity in the air duct and regulating the flow field. Based on multi-objective optimization of pressure loss and non-uniformity coefficient, the optimal solution for the air duct structure was determined as volute shape of 2, blades numbers of 18, and blade angle of 55°. The collection efficiency of finished particles in the optimized scheme is as high as 95.3%, which is 13.5% higher than that of the original scheme. The simulation results are consistent with the field test data, which can provide a guidance for the structural optimization design of the pendulum mill.

, authors=Shenglong MENG1, Jia YAO1, 2, Gangwei SHI1, Wei LU1, Shuyue QING3, authorsList=Shenglong MENG, Jia YAO, Gangwei SHI, Wei LU, Shuyue QING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jia YAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909599313035618, articleId=1322909587967443254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于耦合仿真技术的摆式磨机进气风道优化设计, columnId=1226462295946085268, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山机电与矿业智能化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了解决摆式磨机存在的能耗高、风道积料和局部磨损等问题,对现有进气风道(蜗壳和风道叶片)结构进行了分析。基于流体动力学与多相流及离散元耦合仿真技术,对摆式磨机的内部风场与颗粒场进行了数值模拟。开展了蜗壳线型、风道叶片角度和叶片数量的响应面仿真试验。结果表明,优化蜗壳线型有利于降低压损和设备能耗,合理选择叶片角度和叶片数量有利于降低风道中的速度风流不均匀系数,进而调控流场。基于压损和不均匀系数的多目标优化,确定了风道结构的最优方案为:采用蜗壳2,叶片数量18片,叶片角度55°。优化方案的成品颗粒收集效率高达95.3%,比企业原方案提高13.5%。仿真结果与现场试验数据较一致,可以为摆式磨机的结构优化设计提供指导。

, authors=孟声龙1, 姚嘉1, 2, 石港威1, 卢伟1, 卿树跃3, authorsList=孟声龙, 姚嘉, 石港威, 卢伟, 卿树跃, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=姚嘉, authorNote=

孟声龙(1997—),男,安徽马鞍山人,硕士研究生,主要从事流体动力学分析和结构仿真等方面的研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
姚嘉(1977—),女,黑龙江佳木斯人,博士,教授,主要从事结构优化设计和多物理场耦合仿真等方面的研究。E-mail:
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孟声龙(1997—),男,安徽马鞍山人,硕士研究生,主要从事流体动力学分析和结构仿真等方面的研究。E-mail:

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孟声龙(1997—),男,安徽马鞍山人,硕士研究生,主要从事流体动力学分析和结构仿真等方面的研究。E-mail:

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Results of simulation test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蜗壳蜗壳压损/Pa风道压损/Pa主机压损/Pa风道出口平均风速/(m/s)不均匀系数
1604.4676.9983.322.740.36
2394.7412.6635.221.270.31
3413.7434.6699.722.240.23
), ArticleFig(id=1322909615737930153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909587967443254, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

仿真试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蜗壳蜗壳压损/Pa风道压损/Pa主机压损/Pa风道出口平均风速/(m/s)不均匀系数
1604.4676.9983.322.740.36
2394.7412.6635.221.270.31
3413.7434.6699.722.240.23
), ArticleFig(id=1322909615821816234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909587967443254, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test design and simulation results statistics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方案A/(°)B/(片)CΔP/PaR
145162395.10.33
255162408.40.23
345202411.10.27
455202498.90.16
545181646.40.42
655181701.90.22
745183472.80.24
855183524.70.11
950161682.90.41
1050201689.70.35
1150163454.40.21
1250203456.10.20
1350182412.60.31
1450182427.40.29
1550182380.90.31
1650182403.30.28
1750182395.30.33
), ArticleFig(id=1322909615909896619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909587967443254, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验设计及仿真结果统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方案A/(°)B/(片)CΔP/PaR
145162395.10.33
255162408.40.23
345202411.10.27
455202498.90.16
545181646.40.42
655181701.90.22
745183472.80.24
855183524.70.11
950161682.90.41
1050201689.70.35
1150163454.40.21
1250203456.10.20
1350182412.60.31
1450182427.40.29
1550182380.90.31
1650182403.30.28
1750182395.30.33
), ArticleFig(id=1322909615989588396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909587967443254, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源ΔPR
均方F值P值均方F值P值
模型22 96140.36<0.000 1*0.011 618.550.000 4*
A5 4439.570.017 5*0.035 155.920.000 1*
B1 6502.900.132 30.004 57.1900.031 5*
C82 619145.2<0.000 1*0.051 281.55<0.000 1*
AB1 3872.440.162 30.000 10.1590.701 7
AC3.150.005 50.942 80.001 21.9500.205 2
BC6.350.011 20.918 80.000 60.9950.351 6
A21 6942.980.128 10.011 418.130.003 8*
B280.250.141 10.718 40.000 20.3290.584 4
C2111 200195.44<0.000 1*0.000 10.1360.723 4
失拟项917.762.990.159 00.001 02.520.196 5
), ArticleFig(id=1322909616065085869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909587967443254, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源ΔPR
均方F值P值均方F值P值
模型22 96140.36<0.000 1*0.011 618.550.000 4*
A5 4439.570.017 5*0.035 155.920.000 1*
B1 6502.900.132 30.004 57.1900.031 5*
C82 619145.2<0.000 1*0.051 281.55<0.000 1*
AB1 3872.440.162 30.000 10.1590.701 7
AC3.150.005 50.942 80.001 21.9500.205 2
BC6.350.011 20.918 80.000 60.9950.351 6
A21 6942.980.128 10.011 418.130.003 8*
B280.250.141 10.718 40.000 20.3290.584 4
C2111 200195.44<0.000 1*0.000 10.1360.723 4
失拟项917.762.990.159 00.001 02.520.196 5
), ArticleFig(id=1322909616140583342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909587967443254, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Cumulative collection efficiency of finished particles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
颗粒尺寸/mm企业模型/%优化模型/%
0.2000.000.00
0.5000.840.96
1.0005.965.86
2.00010.6212.94
5.00022.6927.89
10.00039.1648.35
20.00061.2779.48
45.00079.5287.62
75.00089.3693.30
200.000100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322909616216080815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909587967443254, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

累积收集效率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
颗粒尺寸/mm企业模型/%优化模型/%
0.2000.000.00
0.5000.840.96
1.0005.965.86
2.00010.6212.94
5.00022.6927.89
10.00039.1648.35
20.00061.2779.48
45.00079.5287.62
75.00089.3693.30
200.000100.00100.00
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基于耦合仿真技术的摆式磨机进气风道优化设计
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孟声龙 1 , 姚嘉 1, 2 , 石港威 1 , 卢伟 1 , 卿树跃 3
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025,45(4): 212-219
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山机电与矿业智能化 2025 , 45 (4) : 212 -219
基于耦合仿真技术的摆式磨机进气风道优化设计
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孟声龙1 , 姚嘉1, 2 , 石港威1, 卢伟1, 卿树跃3
作者信息
  • 1.桂林电子科技大学 机电工程学院,广西 桂林市 541004
  • 2.广西制造系统与先进制造技术重点实验室,广西 桂林市 541004
  • 3.桂林卓杰机械科技有限公司,广西 桂林市 541004
通讯作者:
姚嘉(1977—),女,黑龙江佳木斯人,博士,教授,主要从事结构优化设计和多物理场耦合仿真等方面的研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

孟声龙(1997—),男,安徽马鞍山人,硕士研究生,主要从事流体动力学分析和结构仿真等方面的研究。E-mail:

Optimal Design of Intake Air Duct in Pendulum Mill Based on Coupled Simulation Technology
Shenglong MENG1 , Jia YAO1, 2 , Gangwei SHI1, Wei LU1, Shuyue QING3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
  • 2.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
  • 3.Guilin Zhuojie Machinery Technology Co., Ltd., Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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为了解决摆式磨机存在的能耗高、风道积料和局部磨损等问题,对现有进气风道(蜗壳和风道叶片)结构进行了分析。基于流体动力学与多相流及离散元耦合仿真技术,对摆式磨机的内部风场与颗粒场进行了数值模拟。开展了蜗壳线型、风道叶片角度和叶片数量的响应面仿真试验。结果表明,优化蜗壳线型有利于降低压损和设备能耗,合理选择叶片角度和叶片数量有利于降低风道中的速度风流不均匀系数,进而调控流场。基于压损和不均匀系数的多目标优化,确定了风道结构的最优方案为:采用蜗壳2,叶片数量18片,叶片角度55°。优化方案的成品颗粒收集效率高达95.3%,比企业原方案提高13.5%。仿真结果与现场试验数据较一致,可以为摆式磨机的结构优化设计提供指导。

摆式磨机  /  进气风道  /  耦合仿真  /  响应面试验

In order to solve the problems of high energy consumption, material accumulation in the air duct, and local wear in the swing mill, an analysis was conducted on the existing structures of the intake air duct, including volute and air duct blades. Based on fluid dynamics, multiphase flow, and discrete element coupling simulation technology, numerical simulations were conducted on the internal wind and particle fields of a pendulum mill. Response surface simulation tests were conducted on the volute shape, the blades angle of air duct, and the blades number of air duct. The results show that optimizing the volute shape is beneficial for reducing pressure loss and equipment energy consumption. Reasonable selection of blade angle and number is beneficial for reducing the uneven coefficient of air flow velocity in the air duct and regulating the flow field. Based on multi-objective optimization of pressure loss and non-uniformity coefficient, the optimal solution for the air duct structure was determined as volute shape of 2, blades numbers of 18, and blade angle of 55°. The collection efficiency of finished particles in the optimized scheme is as high as 95.3%, which is 13.5% higher than that of the original scheme. The simulation results are consistent with the field test data, which can provide a guidance for the structural optimization design of the pendulum mill.

Pendulum mill  /  Intake air duct  /  Coupling simulation  /  Response surface test
孟声龙, 姚嘉, 石港威, 卢伟, 卿树跃. 基于耦合仿真技术的摆式磨机进气风道优化设计. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 212 -219 .
Shenglong MENG, Jia YAO, Gangwei SHI, Wei LU, Shuyue QING. Optimal Design of Intake Air Duct in Pendulum Mill Based on Coupled Simulation Technology[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 212 -219 .
摆式磨机是常用的矿山粉磨设备,该类磨机的应用具有成本优势,但也存在高能耗、低产出、设备振动大、选粉效率低等问题。根据摆式磨机的工作原理,研磨产品收集的流动能依赖于摆式磨机进气风道引入的风场的分布与强度。进气风道由蜗壳和风道叶片组成,将主风机输入的气流引导至磨机主机,并改变风场的方向为竖直向上,进而为成品粉末向分级机输送提供流动能。因此,进气风道的结构设计对摆式磨机性能和成品收集效率起到至关重要的作用。
国内外学者针对矿用磨机的流场进行了一系列研究。李云啸等[1]采用离散元法分析了衬板结构及衬板高度对钢球运动状态的影响,得到碰撞能量分布,并优化了衬板的结构和高度,从而提高了能量利用率,降低了钢耗和成本。于永杰[2]构建了一种能满足工业应用需求的气固双向耦合计算模型,通过调节立磨的工艺参数和结构参数,优化了磨机内部流场的分布,从而提升分级筛选的效率。黄奇鹏等[3]以磨粉机磨辊为研究对象,研究出磨粉机磨辊磨损与电耗、磨辊磨耗及研磨效果的影响关系,为进一步研究磨粉机磨的辊磨损提供了参考。LI等[4]验证了立磨机内部气固两相流流场的网格无关性,并详细描述了两相流的运动轨迹。ZHU等[5]使用数值模拟方法研究了摆式磨机内部流场分布的影响因素,通过优化磨机风道结构,改善了内部气流的流动性,降低了能量耗散。XU等[6]进行了摆式磨机内部流场的试验研究,采用高速摄像技术和离心风机测试了不同进风风速和风角下的流场分布情况,发现合适的进风速度和风角可以提高流场的均匀性和稳定性。NADAL等[7]通过数值模拟分析了摆式磨机叶片结构对内部流场的影响,通过改变叶片的数量和角度,研究了叶片结构对流场分布的影响,提出了一种改进的叶片结构设计,有效降低了流场中的涡流和压力波动。EL-EMAM等[8]通过CFD-DEM单向耦合仿真针对旋风分级机进行结构优化,提升了分离效率。NAGATA等[9]基于CFD-DEM耦合仿真,对离心球磨机内部转子形状进行优化,改善了纳米颗粒的分散均匀度。ROCHA等[10]分析了操作条件变化对产品尺寸的影响,将模型预测结果与实验室立式搅拌磨的结果进行了比较,磨矿结果表明,进料粒度、搅拌器转速和磨矿介质粒度的变化主要影响颗粒破碎率,在较高的搅拌转速和较小的磨矿介质下,磨矿产品粒度较细。以上研究提供了风场设计,证明了仿真方法的可行性,但在风场调控机制的理论研究,以及磨机主机功耗的进一步验证等方面还存在不足,对摆式磨机进气风道的结构优化的深入研究也尚未见报道。
本研究以某大型摆式磨机为研究对象,基于流体动力学的理论与仿真分析,对蜗壳线型进行优化设计,揭示进气风道流场调控的机制并进行能耗的定量计算;通过改变蜗壳线型、风道叶片角度和叶片数量的响应面优化试验设计,获得低能耗和高产出的磨机进气风场的优化方案,旨在为工业制粉领域的设备优化设计提供可行方案。
摆式磨机作为一种制粉设备,其产品收集效率受到内部流体的运动和能量传递的影响。应用计算流体动力学基本理论,可以对摆式磨机内部流场进行详细模拟和分析,揭示流体在磨机内的速度、压力和能量分布情况。这有助于识别流场中的能量损失区域和阻力来源,进而提出优化设计方案,提高磨机的性能和效率。
根据能量守恒公式[11],磨机流场属于不可压缩流(ρ=const),其能量变化用伯努利方程表示为:
式中:P为压力;ρ为流体密度;V为流速;g为重力加速度;z为高度;P/ρ为流动能;V2/2为动能;z为任一位置的高度;gz为势能。
由于磨机设备中可转动部分的运行产生涡旋能耗和结构设计产生流动能损耗,对磨机不同位置处的流场进行分析时,不可逆的流体单位质量机械能损失Δemech可以描述为:
式中:P1、P2分别为任意两位置的压强,Pa;V1、V2分别为任意两位置的速度,m/s。
式中,V0为从入风口处连续入风量,m3。
本研究采用流体动力学仿真软件Fluent,并运用多相流(DPM)仿真技术进行风场与颗粒场的联合仿真。摆式磨机正常运转的性能参数:入风口连续进风量为53 000 m3/h,换算为入口风速29 m/s,主机转动域的转速设为82 r/min,整机出口压力设为-3 500 Pa。根据雷诺数公式Re=ρVD/μ,其中,ρ为流体密度,kg/m3;V为流体流速,m/s;D为特征长度(如管道直径), m;μ是流体的动力黏度,Pa·s,可计算出Re>4 000,采用湍流求解器的k-ε模型进行仿真求解。成品收集效率的多相流仿真中,采用Rosin-Rammler法进行颗粒投放,取最大颗粒直径为150 μm(100目),最小直径为38 μm(400目),投入物料量为3.4 kg/s。
摆式磨机进气风道结构如图1所示,其中蜗壳位于主机底座位置上并与鼓风机设备相连,起集中导流风场的作用,通过蜗壳变径的合理设计,使入口风尽可能均匀分布于360°的圆周。现实中不合理的蜗壳结构导致蜗壳部分磨损严重,企业采用焊接钢板的方式进行了修补。风道叶片位于蜗壳与磨机主机的连接位置,并呈圆周形的均匀分布,其作用是将从蜗壳引入的气流导入磨机主机腔体内部,同时改变气流的运行方向,使气流沿着磨机的内壁向上输送,通过该气流可以把碾磨后满足粒径要求的成品粉体向分级机部分输送。不合理的叶片结构会导致叶片磨损较严重,同时由于风场均匀性差导致物料在叶片风道间堆积,如图2所示。
当前企业使用的蜗壳为四段式,采用传统的方形结构进行设计[12]。设计时根据整机尺寸,以原点为中心构建一个边长为110 mm的正方形,将正方形的4个顶点设为蜗壳四段圆弧的圆心,各段圆弧半径以110 mm为间距依次递减,最终通过焊接工艺制造成蜗壳。这种结构设计便于加工制造,但应用时出现了风道入口堆粉堵塞和蜗壳磨损的问题。磨机生产企业根据经验,在蜗尾采用切一刀的方式提高蜗尾收缩性,获得企业现有的蜗壳结构(蜗壳1,如图3所示)。进行仿真分析,提取蜗壳风道中间截面的进气风道速度云图,如图4所示(颜色标识见电子版),云图中叶片间低速涡旋区域(蓝色区域)较多,蜗壳中间位置速度较大,并且分布不均匀。叶片区速度迹线与涡旋云图如图5所示。三维的蓝色的速度涡旋在特定叶片区域的存在,涡旋会吸取主流场中的能量并消耗在旋转中,导致能量损失。存在涡旋区域的叶片流入主机的风速会明显低于其他叶片区域,导致主机风场不均匀。
本文提出了两种优化设计方案,即蜗壳2和蜗壳3。为直观地对比出3种蜗壳,在各蜗壳流道垂直截取4个截面,如图6所示。
蜗壳2设计采用四点不等距方形法绘制蜗壳螺旋线。对蜗壳1的四段圆弧半径进行了调整,经过多次尝试与仿真对比,圆弧半径依次以130 mm、140 mm、150 mm的间距递进式缩小,保持了制造工艺简便的优势,同时提高了蜗尾的收缩性,蜗壳2如图6(a)所示。
利用CFturbo对蜗壳的型线进行参数化的设计。软件中输入蜗壳入口的尺寸、风量、压差、蜗壳基圆半径等具体数据并设计流道形状,多次对比风场仿真结果,确定最优的蜗壳3,如图6(b)所示。
保持风道叶片参数不变,即叶片角度50°,叶片数量18片,对3种蜗壳的流场特征进行对比研究。仿真完成后提取各部分的压损和不均匀系数等数据,见表1。为了定量地分析蜗壳线型对主机底座各叶片风道出口气流速度均匀性的影响,引入速度不均匀系数R,其计算公式如下[13]:
式中:Vm为所有风道出口风速的平均值,m/s;Vout为各风道出口风速,m/s;n为风道的个数(由风道叶片数决定)。
由公式(4)可知,叶片风道出口速度差值越大,不均匀系数R越大,代表气流在整个圆周面的分布均匀性越差。
由表1可知,改进后的蜗壳2和蜗壳3的风道出口压损得到了明显改善,蜗壳2的风道出口压损为412.6 Pa,相较于原始蜗壳1,降低了39.0%。不均匀系数也相应降低。蜗壳3的不均匀系数最低,为0.23,相较于蜗壳1,降低了36.1%,说明其风道出口气流速度的均匀性最优。尽管三者的平均风速变化不大,但整体来看,随着蜗壳线型的改进,压损均有所降低,风道不均匀度系数也得到改善。
为了进一步探究风道结构对主机风场的影响规律,将风道的叶片角度A(50°、55°、60°)、叶片数量B(16, 18, 20)、蜗壳线型C(1, 2,3)作为试验参数,将风道出口压损ΔP、不均匀系数R作为目标函数,参考企业给定的参数范围,采用Box-Behnken方法进行响应面优化试验。
试验设计与仿真结果见表2。根据公式(2),流体单位质量机械能损失与结构设计有关,假设各项参数不变,根据能量守恒定律,压损越大,剩余的风动能越低,用于成品颗粒收集的风速越小;保持压损稳定,则风速和风量稳定,进而可保证磨机中料层的稳定[14]。叶片出口的不均匀系数R,反映出主机风速的均匀性情况,同样是衡量主机内部成品收集风场稳定性的重要指标。
应用软件Design-Expert 13对试验结果进行统计分析,同时使用二次线性回归方程进行检验,得到风道进出口压损ΔP和不均匀系数R的拟合回归方程分别为:
压损、不均匀系数方差分析见表3,其中失拟项是用来表示模型与试验的拟合程度,失拟值大于0.05,表明该模型无失拟因素存在;模型的P值小于0.05,说明试验结果可靠性高,模型与实际值能较好地拟合[15]。由表3可知,对压损影响程度由高到低的因素顺序为蜗壳线型、叶片角度、叶片数量。叶片角度、蜗壳线型对压损有显著影响(P<0.05),增加叶片角度以及改善蜗壳线型均有利于提高摆式磨机内部的气流均匀性。对风道不均匀系数影响程度由高到低的因素顺序为蜗壳线型、叶片角度、叶片数量,均为显著影响因素(P<0.05)。由此可知,改变叶片角度以及叶片数量、蜗壳线型均有利于提高摆式机内部气流均匀性。
各因素对压损的响应面如图7所示。当蜗壳线型不变时,随着叶片角度与叶片数量的增加,风道出口压损也增加,当叶片角度为55°、叶片数量为20片时,压损达到最大值498.86 Pa。当叶片数量不变时,随着叶片角度的增加和采用蜗壳1时,风道出口压损也不断增加,当叶片角度为55°时,压损达到最大值701.94 Pa。当叶片角度不变时,随着叶片数量的增加和采用蜗壳1时,风道出口压损也不断增加,当叶片数量为20片时,压损达到最大值689.7 Pa。从图7中还可以看出,蜗壳线型对压损的影响最为显著,采用蜗壳2和3方案时,压损明显降低。同时,适当增加叶片角度和减少叶片数量均有利于提高摆式磨机内部的气流均匀性,降低压损。
各因素对不均匀系数的响应曲面如图8所示。从图8可以看出,蜗壳线型对不均匀系数的影响最为显著,其次是叶片角度和叶片数量。当蜗壳线型不变时,随着叶片角度与叶片数量的减少,不均匀系数增加,当叶片角度为46°、叶片数量为16片时,不均匀系数达到最大值,为0.33。当叶片数量不变,随着叶片角度的减少并采用蜗壳1时,不均匀系数增加,当叶片角度为45°,采用蜗壳线型1时,不均匀系数达到最大值,为0.42。当叶片角度不变,随着叶片数量的减少和采用蜗壳1时,不均匀系数增加,当叶片数量为16片,采用蜗壳线型1时,不均匀系数达到最大值,为0.41。由此可见,适当调整叶片角度、增加叶片数量和选择合适的蜗壳线型可以降低不均匀系数R,从而提高摆式磨机内部的气流均匀性。
在尽可能降低压损与不均匀系数的前提下,进行基于响应面的多目标优化,获得最优的蜗壳和叶片结构组合数据,最优方案为:采用蜗壳2,叶片数量为18片,叶片角度为55°。对企业的现有磨机方案(蜗壳1、叶片角度50°、叶片18片)与优化方案进行对比。结合Fluent的DPM多相流分析技术对磨机进行运行仿真模拟,分析200目成品颗粒的收集效率。应用CFD-DEM耦合仿真研究颗粒在进气风道的分布规律,进而评价可能产生的设备磨损。
成品颗粒的收集效率M可按公式(5)计算[16]:
式中:Ne为出口处收集到的特定细颗粒质量流量,kg/s;Ni为入口处总颗粒质量流量,kg/s。
风场迹线速度云图如图9所示。由图9(a)可知,原模型的风场迹线云图呈现出较为杂乱的分布,风场流动不够稳定,存在大尺寸的涡流。由图9(b)可知,优化后的风场迹线云图变得有序和稳定,风在叶片导流的作用下,沿着风道朝磨机内部流动,主风道风场沿着罩桶内壁面旋转向上,均匀的流场使涡流现象得到了明显的改善,降低了能耗。
颗粒迹线速度云图显示了颗粒在风场中的运动轨迹和速度如图10所示。由图10(a)可以看出,在原模型中,不均匀的风场导致部分颗粒在接近分级机时,运行轨迹较为集中且杂乱无序,颗粒的输送效率差,收集效率降低。从图10(b)可以看出,在优化后的模型中,由于风场均匀度得到了显著的改善,使得颗粒的运动变得有序和稳定,有利于颗粒准确地到达分级机位置。
原模型导流叶片的角度为50°,如图11(a)所示,物料颗粒进入叶片与蜗壳内部时,由于叶片间流场涡旋较多,颗粒在叶片间做旋转运动,颗粒与叶片间的摩擦和碰撞次数增多,导致叶片磨损严重,该情况与图2中设备内的颗粒分布规律一致。优化模型叶片角度55°,如图11(b)所示,流场流动均匀,叶片间涡旋减少,颗粒进入叶片区的概率降低,进而有效减小了进风道的磨损。
对仿真结果数据进行整理,得到原模型整机压损为2 808.53 Pa,出口风速为33.7 m/s,优化模型整机压损为2 836.34 Pa,出口风速为32.93 m/s。已知整机高度为4.9 m,由公式(2)计算可得,原模型与优化方案的单位质量能耗分别为1.98 kJ/kg和2.03 kJ/kg。根据公式(3)计算可得,原模型与优化方案的整机部分的电能消耗分别为37.6 kW·h和38.55 kW·h。原模型的成品(200目)收集效率为84%,而优化后的模型成品收集效率提高至95.3%,较原模型提高了13.5%。即在同量级的设备能耗下,设备的产能大幅度提高,优化效果明显。
对优化磨机进行生产试验,选择石灰石为原材料,并采用BT-9300T激光粒度分析仪分析产品的粒度。优化前后的粒径含量曲线如图12所示,成品颗粒累计收集率见表4。对比200目产品的收集效率,企业原磨机为89.36%,优化后的磨机为95.30%,均与仿真分析保持了较高的一致性,优化方案可获得更小更细的粉末,产品质量更加稳定。
本文采用Fluent多相流耦合和DEM离散元仿真技术,对摆式磨机进气风道进行优化设计,依次通过蜗壳单因素优化、响应面试验分析,对风道出口压损、风道叶片出口的不均匀系数、风道颗粒分布,以及能耗与成品收集效率进行研究,得出以下结论。
(1)蜗壳单因素分析结果表明,通过改变蜗壳线型,可以提高蜗尾收缩性并获得均匀分布的风场。得到优化后的蜗壳2设计,主机压损为635.2 Pa,速度不均匀系数为0.31,相较于原型蜗壳,压损降低35.4%,速度不均匀系数降低13.9%。
(2)采用Box-Behnken的响应面方法对叶片角度、叶片数量、蜗壳线型进行仿真试验。分析结果表明,适当调整叶片角度和优化蜗壳结构可以有效地改善磨机的通风性能并提高生产效率。考虑制造成本,确定最优方案为:叶片数量18片,叶片角度55°,采用蜗壳2。
(3)原模型整机与优化方案的仿真对比研究表明,设备的不可逆能量损耗基本相同,原模型的成品收集效率为84%,而优化后的模型成品收集效率提高到95.3%,且仿真结果与试验结果一致性较高,这表明风道的优化设计可以实现磨机的风场调控。
  • 广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB23075080)
  • 广西制造系统与先进制造技术重点实验室(主任基金)项目(22-35-4-S007)
  • 2021年广西研究生联合培养基地项目(桂学位〔2021〕6号)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-05-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-11
基金
广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB23075080)
广西制造系统与先进制造技术重点实验室(主任基金)项目(22-35-4-S007)
2021年广西研究生联合培养基地项目(桂学位〔2021〕6号)
作者信息
    1.桂林电子科技大学 机电工程学院,广西 桂林市 541004
    2.广西制造系统与先进制造技术重点实验室,广西 桂林市 541004
    3.桂林卓杰机械科技有限公司,广西 桂林市 541004

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姚嘉(1977—),女,黑龙江佳木斯人,博士,教授,主要从事结构优化设计和多物理场耦合仿真等方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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