Article(id=1322909560511541403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720540800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335817697, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335817697, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335817697, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335817697, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=248, endPage=256, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909562176680093, articleId=1322909560511541403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Short Process Technology for Full Particle Flotation Recovery of a Eclogite-Type Rutile Ore in Qinghai Province, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The eclogite-type rutile ore resources in China are widely distributed and abundant in reserves. However, most of the rutile ore belongs to primary ore, with low grade, fine embedded particle size, complex ore properties and small difference in surface properties between the rutile and gangue, which brings many challenges to mineral selection. At present, the process of rutile beneficiation is complex, with high production costs and long recovery cycles, resulting in difficulty in effectively developing and utilizing China's rutile resources. Regarding a low-grade eclogite-type rutile ore in Qinghai Province, an experimental study on short process technology for full particle flotation recovery was carried out. The results indicate that the short process technology for full particle flotation recovery has good adaptability to this mine. Under the conditions that the grinding fineness of-0.074 mm accounts for 59.52%, screening particle size of-0.013 mm, the dosage of sodium fluosilicate 700 g/t, the dosage of lead nitrate 300 g/t and the dosage of EM-OL 600 g/t, rutile concentrate with yield of 3.21%, TiO2grade of 61.70% and TiO2 recovery rate of 63.14% can be obtained by the flotation process of two roughing and four cleaning to separate the screened desliming raw ore, and rutile can be fully recovered and utilized. This process realizes the short-term recovery of rutile minerals, which can simplify the beneficiation process, save production costs, and be also conducive to subsequent re-election and upgrading.

, authors=Weiping YAN1, 2, Boyuan ZHANG1, 2, Lun LI1, 2, Yaohui YANG1, 2, Weisi LI1, 2, authorsList=Weiping YAN, Boyuan ZHANG, Lun LI, Yaohui YANG, Weisi LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Boyuan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909567121764534, articleId=1322909560511541403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=青海某榴辉岩型金红石矿全粒级短流程浮选回收工艺试验研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

我国榴辉岩型金红石矿资源分布广泛、储量丰富。然而金红石矿大部分属原生矿,因其品位低、嵌布粒度细、矿石性质复杂、与脉石表面性质差异较小,为矿物的选别带来难题。目前,金红石选矿工艺流程复杂、生产成本较高、回收周期长,致使我国的金红石资源难以得到有效的开发利用。针对青海某低品位榴辉岩型金红石矿,开展了全粒级浮选回收短流程工艺试验研究。结果表明:“全粒级短流程浮选回收”工艺对该矿石具有良好的适应性。通过“二粗四精”的浮选流程对筛分脱泥原矿进行分选,可以得到产率3.21%,TiO2品位61.70%、回收率63.14%的良好指标,金红石矿得到了充分的回收利用。该工艺实现了金红石矿物的短期回收,可以简化选矿流程,节省该矿的生产成本,亦有利于后续的再选提质。

, authors=严伟平1, 2, 张博远1, 2, 李伦1, 2, 杨耀辉1, 2, 李维斯1, 2, authorsList=严伟平, 张博远, 李伦, 杨耀辉, 李维斯, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张博远, authorNote=

严伟平(1984—),男,江西宜春人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事战略性矿产资源的高效开发与利用研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张博远(1997—),男,新疆库尔勒人,硕士,助理工程师,主要研究方向为矿物加工理论与工艺。E-mail:
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严伟平(1984—),男,江西宜春人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事战略性矿产资源的高效开发与利用研究。E-mail:

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严伟平(1984—),男,江西宜春人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事战略性矿产资源的高效开发与利用研究。E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909560511541403, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Closed circuit test process of short process technology for full particle flotation recovery, figureFileSmall=dMxA9Ukfiy5K0MSwNxC3pg==, figureFileBig=avvt+8g0xEt9T7m06sBesg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909573039927546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909560511541403, language=CN, label=图12, caption=金红石全粒级短流程浮选回收闭路试验流程, figureFileSmall=dMxA9Ukfiy5K0MSwNxC3pg==, figureFileBig=avvt+8g0xEt9T7m06sBesg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909573102842107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909560511541403, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Chemical multi-element analysis results of comprehensive samples of raw ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TiO2MgOAl2O3SiO2P2O5SO3K2ONa2O
3.3645.15913.35946.1860.2790.0610.3692.297
V2O5Cr2O3MnOFe2O3NiOCuOCaOSrO
0.070.0430.25316.980.0160.0319.8350.021
), ArticleFig(id=1322909573169950972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909560511541403, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

原矿综合样化学多元素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TiO2MgOAl2O3SiO2P2O5SO3K2ONa2O
3.3645.15913.35946.1860.2790.0610.3692.297
V2O5Cr2O3MnOFe2O3NiOCuOCaOSrO
0.070.0430.25316.980.0160.0319.8350.021
), ArticleFig(id=1322909573258031357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909560511541403, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Chemical phase analysis results of titanium element in raw ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物相含量分布率
金红石中钛2.0561.75
钛磁铁矿中钛0.051.51
钛铁矿中钛0.195.72
硅酸岩与榍石中钛1.0331.02
总二氧化钛3.32100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322909573329334526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909560511541403, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

原矿中钛元素化学物相分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物相含量分布率
金红石中钛2.0561.75
钛磁铁矿中钛0.051.51
钛铁矿中钛0.195.72
硅酸岩与榍石中钛1.0331.02
总二氧化钛3.32100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322909573425803519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909560511541403, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Closed circuit test results of short process technology for full particle flotation recovery

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率TiO2品位TiO2回收率
金红石精矿3.2161.7063.14
细泥17.362.7215.04
浮选尾矿79.430.8621.82
原矿100.003.14100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322909573518078208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909560511541403, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

金红石全粒级短流程浮选回收闭路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率TiO2品位TiO2回收率
金红石精矿3.2161.7063.14
细泥17.362.7215.04
浮选尾矿79.430.8621.82
原矿100.003.14100.00
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青海某榴辉岩型金红石矿全粒级短流程浮选回收工艺试验研究
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严伟平 1, 2 , 张博远 1, 2 , 李伦 1, 2 , 杨耀辉 1, 2 , 李维斯 1, 2
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(4): 248-256
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (4) : 248 -256
青海某榴辉岩型金红石矿全粒级短流程浮选回收工艺试验研究
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2.自然资源部战略性矿产综合利用工程技术创新中心,四川 成都 610041, bio={"content":"

严伟平(1984—),男,江西宜春人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事战略性矿产资源的高效开发与利用研究。E-mail:

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严伟平(1984—),男,江西宜春人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事战略性矿产资源的高效开发与利用研究。E-mail:

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严伟平1, 2 , 张博远1, 2 , 李伦1, 2, 杨耀辉1, 2, 李维斯1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.自然资源部战略性矿产综合利用工程技术创新中心,四川 成都 610041
通讯作者:
张博远(1997—),男,新疆库尔勒人,硕士,助理工程师,主要研究方向为矿物加工理论与工艺。E-mail:
作者简介:

严伟平(1984—),男,江西宜春人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事战略性矿产资源的高效开发与利用研究。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Short Process Technology for Full Particle Flotation Recovery of a Eclogite-Type Rutile Ore in Qinghai Province
Weiping YAN1, 2 , Boyuan ZHANG1, 2 , Lun LI1, 2, Yaohui YANG1, 2, Weisi LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
  • 2.Technology Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Strategic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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我国榴辉岩型金红石矿资源分布广泛、储量丰富。然而金红石矿大部分属原生矿,因其品位低、嵌布粒度细、矿石性质复杂、与脉石表面性质差异较小,为矿物的选别带来难题。目前,金红石选矿工艺流程复杂、生产成本较高、回收周期长,致使我国的金红石资源难以得到有效的开发利用。针对青海某低品位榴辉岩型金红石矿,开展了全粒级浮选回收短流程工艺试验研究。结果表明:“全粒级短流程浮选回收”工艺对该矿石具有良好的适应性。通过“二粗四精”的浮选流程对筛分脱泥原矿进行分选,可以得到产率3.21%,TiO2品位61.70%、回收率63.14%的良好指标,金红石矿得到了充分的回收利用。该工艺实现了金红石矿物的短期回收,可以简化选矿流程,节省该矿的生产成本,亦有利于后续的再选提质。

榴辉岩型金红石  /  全粒级浮选  /  短流程选矿工艺  /  钛回收

The eclogite-type rutile ore resources in China are widely distributed and abundant in reserves. However, most of the rutile ore belongs to primary ore, with low grade, fine embedded particle size, complex ore properties and small difference in surface properties between the rutile and gangue, which brings many challenges to mineral selection. At present, the process of rutile beneficiation is complex, with high production costs and long recovery cycles, resulting in difficulty in effectively developing and utilizing China's rutile resources. Regarding a low-grade eclogite-type rutile ore in Qinghai Province, an experimental study on short process technology for full particle flotation recovery was carried out. The results indicate that the short process technology for full particle flotation recovery has good adaptability to this mine. Under the conditions that the grinding fineness of-0.074 mm accounts for 59.52%, screening particle size of-0.013 mm, the dosage of sodium fluosilicate 700 g/t, the dosage of lead nitrate 300 g/t and the dosage of EM-OL 600 g/t, rutile concentrate with yield of 3.21%, TiO2grade of 61.70% and TiO2 recovery rate of 63.14% can be obtained by the flotation process of two roughing and four cleaning to separate the screened desliming raw ore, and rutile can be fully recovered and utilized. This process realizes the short-term recovery of rutile minerals, which can simplify the beneficiation process, save production costs, and be also conducive to subsequent re-election and upgrading.

Eclogite-type rutile ore  /  Full particle flotation  /  Short process beneficiation technology  /  Titanium recovery
严伟平, 张博远, 李伦, 杨耀辉, 李维斯. 青海某榴辉岩型金红石矿全粒级短流程浮选回收工艺试验研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 248 -256 .
Weiping YAN, Boyuan ZHANG, Lun LI, Yaohui YANG, Weisi LI. Experimental Study on Short Process Technology for Full Particle Flotation Recovery of a Eclogite-Type Rutile Ore in Qinghai Province[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 248 -256 .
钛矿是我国的战略性矿产资源之一,因其具有良好的物化性能,被广泛应用于国防军事、冶金化工、航空航天、电子技术以及材料科学等领域[1-2]。我国的钛资源储量较大,主要以钒钛磁铁矿的形式存在,其次为金红石矿[3]。由于钒钛磁铁矿的特性,钒钛磁铁矿中钛的综合利用率仅为29%左右[4]。而我国的天然金红石矿大部分属原生矿,具有品位低、嵌布粒度细、矿石性质复杂、与脉石表面性质差异较小的特点,难以得到有效的开发利用[5-6],导致我国对金红石高质钛精矿等高端钛原料的进口依赖度较高。因此,实现金红石矿的高效开发利用具有重要意义。
我国的榴辉岩型金红石矿较为丰富,其中的主要矿物为金红石、石榴石以及绿辉石等[7]。然而,在榴辉岩型金红石矿中,金红石的TiO2品位较低,一般为2%~4%,有一部分甚至低于2%[8-9];并且,金红石、石榴石和绿辉石等矿物的密度和磁性差异较小,难以分离[10];同时,铁常以类质同象的形式在金红石晶格中发生取代,微细粒金红石常被石榴石包裹,从而进一步增大了金红石和石榴石之间的分离难度[11];此外,金红石与其他矿物的嵌布关系复杂,而且粒度区间大[12]。因此,相比于其他种类的金红石矿而言,榴辉岩型金红石矿更是属于难选矿种。
榴辉岩型金红石嵌布粒度较细,多在10 μm左右,嵌布关系复杂,与主要脉石矿物界面性质接近,导致选别时微细粒部分难以有效回收利用[13],特别是当矿石中含有大量泥质矿物或者金红石呈细粒状态嵌布时,一方面需要细磨才能使有用矿物金红石单体解离,另一方面次生细泥吸附罩盖在矿物表面的同时,还会无选择性地消耗药剂,从而导致精矿的品位和回收率大大降低[14]。因此金红石选别难度较大,单一选别工艺指标较差,需采用联合选别工艺流程[15]。针对江苏某榴辉岩型金红石矿,张裕书等[16]采用“磁选—重选—磁选”联合工艺流程,可获得TiO2品位90.09%、回收率63.07%的金红石精矿;张海青等[17]采用“重选(脱泥)—浮选—磁选—电选”联合工艺对乌兰县丁叉叉南坡榴辉岩型金红石矿进行选别,可明显提高该矿的回收率与利用率;余生根[18]开展了榴辉岩型金红石矿综合利用试验研究,发现“重-磁-浮”联合工艺结构合理,矿产综合利用率较高。针对榴辉岩型金红石矿的选矿方法大都比较复杂,在实际生产中,通常需要采用多种工艺相结合的方式回收金红石,根据金红石与脉石在密度、磁性等方面的差异,一般首先采用分级或重选抛尾进行预处理,脱去泥质轻矿物,之后使用磁选提质,最后通过浮选得到金红石[19-20],工艺流程复杂,生产成本较高,回收周期长,为金红石资源的回收利用带来阻碍。
本文以青海某榴辉岩型金红石矿为研究对象,开展了实验室浮选试验研究,开发出金红石全粒级短流程浮选回收工艺。通过明确各作业的工艺参数,确定了选矿技术指标,可以实现金红石矿物的短期回收,也有利于后续金红石的进一步再选提质。该工艺可以简化榴辉岩型金红石的选矿流程,节省生产成本,为合理开发利用该类矿石提供了技术依据。
选取具有代表性的原矿综合样进行了化学多元素分析,研究矿石元素组成,分析结果见表1,对原矿综合样钛元素进行了物相分析,分析结果见表2。
本矿石为低品位榴辉岩型金红石矿,原矿中有用元素TiO2占比3.364%,其余主要元素为SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3、CaO、MgO、Na2O,分别占比46.186%、16.98%、13.359%、9.835%、2.297%。矿石的主要矿物组成为石榴子石、绿辉石、长石、石英等,含少量的金红石、榍石,微量的钛铁矿、磁黄铁矿、铬铁矿、黄铜矿等。其中钛为矿石的主要回收组分,以金红石为主,少量分布于钛铁矿、硅酸盐与榍石中,矿石中主要回收的有价钛工业矿物为金红石。金红石中TiO2的分布率为61.75%,其次分布于硅酸盐与榍石(分布率为31.02%)和钛铁矿(分布率5.72%)中。
金红石样品单偏光显微镜检测结果见图1。
金红石在矿石中含量不高,单偏光下呈红棕色,正极高突起。一般呈它形粒状,分散嵌布于石榴子石、绿辉石等矿物粒间,与榍石、钛铁矿等钛的独立矿物嵌布较为密切,可互相包裹或毗邻相嵌。金红石的粒度一般为0.02~0.15 mm,属于细粒,主要呈稀疏浸染状分布在脉石粒间,部分颗粒可包裹于石榴子石中,被包裹的这部分金红石的回收利用会受影响。
对金红石样品的典型微区能谱面进行扫描电镜分析,分析结果见图2。
以上微区能谱面扫描分析结果显示:钛主要分布于金红石、榍石、钛铁矿等钛的独立矿物中。根据能谱点分析和电子探针分析,金红石中TiO2含量平均为97.26%;钛铁矿中TiO2含量平均为51.73%;榍石中TiO2含量平均为35.26%。以类质同象替代形式赋存在部分脉石中,如黑云母、绿泥石、透辉石,TiO2含量为1%~2%;在主要-次要矿物石榴子石、绿辉石、角闪石中含微量TiO2,含量一般低于0.5%。金红石中除97.26%的TiO2以外,还有少量的FeO,平均含量为0.25%,使金红石具有弱磁性,影响金红石的回收。
考察了筛分脱泥、离心脱泥和浮选脱泥3种不同脱泥方式对金红石回收效果的影响。筛分脱泥粒度固定为0.023 mm;离心脱泥采用离心选矿机,固定转速为850 r/min;浮选脱泥采用Al2(SO4)3 1 000 g/t、油酸钠100 g/t、2#油29 g/t进行反浮选脱泥。脱泥后进行一段粗选作业,考察脱泥方式对选矿指标的影响。试验流程见图3,试验结果见图4。
同条件下浮选试验结果如图4所示,在3种脱泥方式中,离心脱泥脱去的细泥产率低,因脱泥而流失的钛较少;浮选过程中矿泥对浮选的影响仍然较大,致使精矿TiO2品位、回收率较低,浮选回收效果较差;筛分脱泥方式可以得到的精矿TiO2品位最高,为6.37%,同时仍然可以保证较高的回收率,因此选择筛分脱泥方式进行后续条件对比试验。
在金红石全粒级短流程浮选回收条件对比试验中采取两段粗选回收方案,试验流程见图5。第一段浮选作业的捕收剂用量对金红石浮选指标有较大影响,金红石基本在第一段浮选作业中回收,合适的捕收剂用量可以使较粗粒的金红石优先浮出,从而提高总精矿产品的TiO2品位,有利于提高金红石分选指标。因此试验固定第二段药剂用量为第一段的50%,考察了第一段浮选作业药剂用量等条件对金红石浮选指标的影响。
磨矿细度的选择不仅决定了金红石矿物单体解离的程度,也影响着矿浆中次生细泥的含量,以及在浮选给矿中捕收剂对金红石及脉石矿物的选择性。金红石与脉石矿物可磨度存在差异,磨矿细度过高会增加矿石中的次生细泥含量,影响浮选分离效果,而磨矿细度过低又会影响金红石矿石的选择性单体解离效果,增加金红石与脉石浮选分离的难度,同时易造成矿浆中大粒径矿物含量增加,在浮选过程中难以上浮,出现沉槽现象。因此考察了磨矿细度对金红石回收效果的影响,试验结果见图6。
由图6可知,随着磨矿细度的增加,精矿中TiO2品位逐渐升高,金红石矿物解离度也随之增加,但同时矿浆中细粒脉石矿物含量升高,致使精矿中TiO2回收率先升高后降低,当磨矿细度达到59.52%左右时浮选回收率达到最高点。因此,确定磨矿细度-0.074 mm含量为59.52%进行后续条件对比试验。
本矿石中金红石矿物嵌布粒度较细,与脉石矿物嵌布关系复杂,为使矿物充分单体解离而选择细磨,往往会造成严重的泥化问题。矿物颗粒之间因为范德华力与水化作用力而互相吸引,使得细泥吸附罩盖在金红石的表面,削弱了浮选药剂的作用效果,在浮选过程中,次生细泥还易与金红石发生竞争吸附,增加药剂的消耗量。通过脱泥可以缓解上述问题,但脱泥筛分粒度过细,对浮选指标的改善能力有限;脱泥筛分粒度过大,又会使得金红石随着细泥大量损失,影响钛回收率。试验考察了筛分粒度对金红石回收效果的影响,试验结果见图7。
由图7可知,随着筛分粒度的减小,矿浆中微细粒脉石矿物比例增加,细泥的吸附罩盖现象加剧,与金红石竞争吸附作用增强,表现为精矿的TiO2回收率逐渐上升,金红石损失减少,但所得金红石精矿中TiO2品位逐渐降低。当筛分粒度小于0.013 mm时,精矿TiO2品位降低幅度增加,TiO2回收率提升效果降低。因此,确定筛分粒度为0.013 mm进行后续条件对比试验。
浮选中捕收剂性能高低直接影响浮选效果。金红石浮选中常用的捕收剂有:羧酸类及其皂、膦酸类、胂酸类以及羟肟酸类捕收剂。试验考察了多种组合捕收剂对金红石浮选指标的影响,以筛选出最佳捕收剂类型及用量,试验结果如图8、图9所示。
由图8可知,在苄基胂酸作单一捕收剂时,金红石精矿TiO2品位与回收率都远低于其他捕收剂组合,与731作组合捕收剂后,浮选指标大大提升。EM-OL型混合捕收剂捕收性能较强,且对该矿有明显选择性,精矿TiO2品位与回收率均优于其他捕收剂,因此最佳捕收剂类型为EM-OL。
由图9可知,随着EM-OL用量由300 g/t增加至900 g/t,精矿TiO2品位逐渐降低,由6.17%降低至5.81%,精矿TiO2回收率逐渐升高,由53.43%增加至63.11%。当EM-OL用量超过600 g/t时,精矿TiO2品位的下降幅度开始增加,TiO2回收率提升效果减弱,因此确定EM-OL用量为600 g/t进行后续条件对比试验。
浮选金红石时,矿浆中的铅离子能够在一定程度上提升捕收剂与钛质点之间的作用,从而对金红石的浮选产生明显的活化作用。试验考察了活化剂硝酸铅用量对金红石回收效果的影响,试验结果如图10所示。
由图10可知,随着硝酸铅用量由200 g/t增加至600 g/t,精矿TiO2品位逐渐降低,由5.90%降低至5.33%,当硝酸铅用量超过300 g/t时下降幅度明显增加,而精矿TiO2回收率逐渐升高,由58.89%增加至69.39%。为保证较高精矿TiO2品位的同时,减少药剂用量,因此确定硝酸铅用量为300 g/t进行后续条件对比试验。
氟硅酸钠在金红石浮选中常被用作抑制剂,能够有效抑制硅酸盐矿物的上浮,尤其适用于抑制石榴石、绿泥石、角闪石、长石、石英等。试验考察了氟硅酸钠用量对金红石回收效果的影响,试验结果如图11所示。
由图11可知,随着氟硅酸钠用量由400 g/t增加至1 000 g/t,精矿TiO2品位逐渐升高,由5.37%增大至6.01%,当氟硅酸钠用量超过700 g/t时上升幅度减小,而精矿TiO2回收率逐渐降低,由70.94%降低至60.96%。为保证精矿的TiO2回收率,因此确定氟硅酸钠用量为700 g/t进行后续试验。
金红石全粒级短流程浮选回收闭路试验流程见图12,试验结果见表3。
由表3可知,各作业药剂在矿浆闭路循环、矿浆环境动态变化复杂体系中具有较强适应性,采用筛分脱泥效果较佳,钛损失率较低,混合捕收剂EM-OL选择性和捕收能力较优。最终在“二粗四精”的浮选闭路流程下,获得了产率为3.21%、TiO2品位为61.70%、回收率为63.14%的金红石精矿。
(1)青海某榴辉岩型金红石矿主要矿物组成为金红石、石榴子石、绿辉石、长石、石英等,其中钛为矿石的主要回收组分,主要分布于金红石、榍石、钛铁矿等钛的独立矿物中。金红石一般呈它形粒状,分散嵌布于石榴子石、绿辉石等矿物粒间。金红石的粒度一般为0.02~0.15 mm,属于细粒,主要呈稀疏浸染状分布在脉石粒间,部分颗粒可包裹于石榴子石中,被包裹的这部分金红石的回收利用会受影响。金红石中除97.26%的TiO2以外,还有少量的FeO,平均含量为0.25%,将使金红石具有弱磁性,影响金红石的回收。
(2)全粒级短流程浮选回收工艺试验研究结果表明:针对TiO2品位3.14%的金红石原矿,通过固定磨矿细度-0.074 mm含量为59.52%、筛分粒度为-0.013 mm,在一段粗选抑制剂氟硅酸钠用量为700 g/t,活化剂硝酸铅用量为300 g/t,捕收剂EM-OL用量为600 g/t的条件下,最终在“二粗四精”的浮选闭路流程下,获得了产率为3.21%、TiO2品位为61.70%、回收率为63.14%的金红石精矿,实现了矿物的预选目标,也利于后续再选提质。
(3)针对青海某榴辉岩型金红石矿,采用筛分脱泥效果较佳,钛损失率较低。混合捕收剂EM-OL型混合捕收剂捕收性能较强,且对该矿有明显选择性。金红石矿全粒级浮选回收短流程工艺仅通过浮选手段进行金红石的分选,获得了较为优秀的精矿指标,实现了矿物的短期回收,简化了选矿流程,节省了该矿的生产成本,易于控制,便于推广应用。
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10
基金
中国地质调查局地质调查项目(〔2024〕02-41-03)
铁铜铝等大宗及紧缺矿产综合利用技术攻关与评价项目(DD20242129)
作者信息
    1.中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所,四川 成都 610041
    2.自然资源部战略性矿产综合利用工程技术创新中心,四川 成都 610041

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张博远(1997—),男,新疆库尔勒人,硕士,助理工程师,主要研究方向为矿物加工理论与工艺。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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