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Article(id=1322909500155507541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716825600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335803306, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335803306, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335803306, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335803306, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=196, endPage=203, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909500327474006, articleId=1322909500155507541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Influence of Dynamic Obstacles on Roadway Wind Flow Based on Dynamic Grid, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the influence of dynamic obstacles on mine wind speed, four influencing factors of roadway inlet wind speed, mine car driving speed, mine car length and blocking ratio were selected when the mine car was driving in the transportation roadway. The dynamic grid technology was used for numerical simulation, and the variation law of the influence of different factors on the roadway wind flow was obtained. The results show that the greater the difference between the inlet wind speed of the roadway and the driving speed of the mine car, the more obvious the average wind speed change of the cross section of the roadway, and the longer the interference distance of the mine car to the wind flow of the roadway, which greatly affects the stability of mine ventilation system. The mine car length and the blocking ratio have little effect on the stability of the mine ventilation system. Using the stepwise linear regression analysis method in SPSS software, the influence of four influencing factors on the change degree of roadway wind speed from strong to weak is mine car driving speed, roadway inlet wind speed, blocking ratio and mine car length. The research results are of great significance to maintaining the stability of mine ventilation system.

, authors=Yashuang ZHANG, Jingzhao ZHANG, Zhenguo YAN, Yuxin HUANG, Yuxin CUI, Jinlong ZHANG, authorsList=Yashuang ZHANG, Jingzhao ZHANG, Zhenguo YAN, Yuxin HUANG, Yuxin CUI, Jinlong ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jingzhao ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909504668578675, articleId=1322909500155507541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=基于动网格的动态障碍物对巷道风流的影响, columnId=1226462295417598973, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=矿山安全与环保, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究动态障碍物对矿井风速的影响，选取矿车在运输巷道行驶时的巷道进口风速、矿车行驶速度、矿车长度、阻塞比4个影响因素，运用动网格技术进行数值模拟，得到不同因素对巷道风流影响的变化规律。研究结果表明：巷道进口风速与矿车行驶速度的差值越大，巷道横截面的平均风速变化程度越明显，矿车对巷道风流的干扰距离也越长，使得矿井通风系统的稳定性受到较大影响；矿车长度和阻塞比对矿井通风系统稳定性的影响较小。运用SPSS软件中的逐步线性回归分析方法得到4个因素对巷道风速变化程度的影响由强到弱依次是矿车行驶速度、巷道进口风速、阻塞比、矿车长度。研究结果对维持矿井通风系统稳定性有着重要的意义。

, authors=张亚爽, 张京兆, 闫振国, 黄玉鑫, 崔宇鑫, 张金龙, authorsList=张亚爽, 张京兆, 闫振国, 黄玉鑫, 崔宇鑫, 张金龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张京兆, authorNote=

张亚爽（2000—），女，山东菏泽人，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿井通风安全。E-mail:

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张京兆（1976—），男，河南渑池人，副教授，主要从事矿井通风与粉尘防治方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
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张亚爽（2000—），女，山东菏泽人，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿井通风安全。E-mail:

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张亚爽（2000—），女，山东菏泽人，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿井通风安全。E-mail:

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Cognitive Psychology, 2007, 54(1):1-32., articleTitle=An interaction between prosody and statistics in the segmentation of fluent speech, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322909513921213375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, awardId=51974232, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974232), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322909504869905268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322909504878293877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, companyId=1322909504869905268, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322909504886682486, 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ratios, figureFileSmall=rCcRDvHwfm3bZenUYlhAXw==, figureFileBig=To5Q6z1ZxghKpyLxVMF5/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909512964912052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同阻塞比下矿车行驶时断面A的平均风速变化, figureFileSmall=rCcRDvHwfm3bZenUYlhAXw==, figureFileBig=To5Q6z1ZxghKpyLxVMF5/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909513040409525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The specific simulation parameters of the mine car driving in the roadway

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况矿车运行速度/(m/s)矿车长度/m矿车(宽×高)/m阻塞比巷道进口风速/(m/s)
16151.32×1.300.071
26151.32×1.300.072
36151.32×1.300.073
46151.32×1.300.074
54151.32×1.300.072
65151.32×1.300.072
76151.32×1.300.072
88151.32×1.300.072
96150.88×1.150.042
106151.05×1.200.052
116151.15×1.300.062
126101.32×1.300.072
136201.32×1.300.072
), ArticleFig(id=1322909513107518390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

矿车在巷道行驶时的具体模拟参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况矿车运行速度/(m/s)矿车长度/m矿车(宽×高)/m阻塞比巷道进口风速/(m/s)
16151.32×1.300.071
26151.32×1.300.072
36151.32×1.300.073
46151.32×1.300.074
54151.32×1.300.072
65151.32×1.300.072
76151.32×1.300.072
88151.32×1.300.072
96150.88×1.150.042
106151.05×1.200.052
116151.15×1.300.062
126101.32×1.300.072
136201.32×1.300.072
), ArticleFig(id=1322909513187210167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Simulation data of each factor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
巷道进口风速/(m/s)矿车运行速度/(m/s)矿车长度/m阻塞比巷道横断面最高平均风速与最低平均风速差值/(m/s)
16150.070.64
26150.070.41
36150.070.27
46150.070.16
24150.070.16
25150.070.30
26150.070.41
28150.070.70
26150.040.21
26150.050.30
26150.060.34
), ArticleFig(id=1322909513329816504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各因素模拟数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
巷道进口风速/(m/s)矿车运行速度/(m/s)矿车长度/m阻塞比巷道横断面最高平均风速与最低平均风速差值/(m/s)
16150.070.64
26150.070.41
36150.070.27
46150.070.16
24150.070.16
25150.070.30
26150.070.41
28150.070.70
26150.040.21
26150.050.30
26150.060.34
), ArticleFig(id=1322909513405313977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variance analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目方差平方和自由度均方F值Sig.值
回归0.31830.106153.4880.000
残差0.008110.001
总计0.32614
), ArticleFig(id=1322909513476617146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目方差平方和自由度均方F值Sig.值
回归0.31830.106153.4880.000
残差0.008110.001
总计0.32614
), ArticleFig(id=1322909513543726011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Coefficients of regression model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目回归系数值标准误差t值Sig.值共线性统计量
容差方差膨胀因子
常数－0.5720.077－7.4500.000
巷道进口风速－0.1510.011－13.6360.0000.9901.010
矿车行驶速度0.1340.00915.2210.0000.9981.002
阻塞比7.0690.7779.1030.0000.9891.011
), ArticleFig(id=1322909513631806396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

回归模型系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目回归系数值标准误差t值Sig.值共线性统计量
容差方差膨胀因子
常数－0.5720.077－7.4500.000
巷道进口风速－0.1510.011－13.6360.0000.9901.010
矿车行驶速度0.1340.00915.2210.0000.9981.002
阻塞比7.0690.7779.1030.0000.9891.011
), ArticleFig(id=1322909513740858301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Correlation analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目巷道横断面最高平均风速与最低平均风速差值巷道进口风速矿车行驶速度阻塞比
Pearson相关性1－0.577*0.673**0.332
显著性(双侧)0.0240.0060.226
), ArticleFig(id=1322909513812161470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909500155507541, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目巷道横断面最高平均风速与最低平均风速差值巷道进口风速矿车行驶速度阻塞比
Pearson相关性1－0.577*0.673**0.332
显著性(双侧)0.0240.0060.226
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基于动网格的动态障碍物对巷道风流的影响
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张亚爽 , 张京兆 , 闫振国 , 黄玉鑫 , 崔宇鑫 , 张金龙
矿业研究与开发 | 矿山安全与环保 2025,45(4): 196-203
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矿业研究与开发 |矿山安全与环保 2025 , 45 (4) : 196 -203
基于动网格的动态障碍物对巷道风流的影响
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张亚爽 , 张京兆 , 闫振国, 黄玉鑫, 崔宇鑫, 张金龙
作者信息
  • 西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院，陕西　西安　710054
通讯作者:
张京兆（1976—），男，河南渑池人，副教授，主要从事矿井通风与粉尘防治方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
作者简介:

张亚爽（2000—），女，山东菏泽人，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿井通风安全。E-mail:

Influence of Dynamic Obstacles on Roadway Wind Flow Based on Dynamic Grid
Yashuang ZHANG , Jingzhao ZHANG , Zhenguo YAN, Yuxin HUANG, Yuxin CUI, Jinlong ZHANG
Affiliations
  • College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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摘要
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为了研究动态障碍物对矿井风速的影响，选取矿车在运输巷道行驶时的巷道进口风速、矿车行驶速度、矿车长度、阻塞比4个影响因素，运用动网格技术进行数值模拟，得到不同因素对巷道风流影响的变化规律。研究结果表明：巷道进口风速与矿车行驶速度的差值越大，巷道横截面的平均风速变化程度越明显，矿车对巷道风流的干扰距离也越长，使得矿井通风系统的稳定性受到较大影响；矿车长度和阻塞比对矿井通风系统稳定性的影响较小。运用SPSS软件中的逐步线性回归分析方法得到4个因素对巷道风速变化程度的影响由强到弱依次是矿车行驶速度、巷道进口风速、阻塞比、矿车长度。研究结果对维持矿井通风系统稳定性有着重要的意义。

矿井通风系统稳定性  /  动态障碍物  /  动网格  /  巷道风速  /  数值模拟

In order to study the influence of dynamic obstacles on mine wind speed, four influencing factors of roadway inlet wind speed, mine car driving speed, mine car length and blocking ratio were selected when the mine car was driving in the transportation roadway. The dynamic grid technology was used for numerical simulation, and the variation law of the influence of different factors on the roadway wind flow was obtained. The results show that the greater the difference between the inlet wind speed of the roadway and the driving speed of the mine car, the more obvious the average wind speed change of the cross section of the roadway, and the longer the interference distance of the mine car to the wind flow of the roadway, which greatly affects the stability of mine ventilation system. The mine car length and the blocking ratio have little effect on the stability of the mine ventilation system. Using the stepwise linear regression analysis method in SPSS software, the influence of four influencing factors on the change degree of roadway wind speed from strong to weak is mine car driving speed, roadway inlet wind speed, blocking ratio and mine car length. The research results are of great significance to maintaining the stability of mine ventilation system.

Stability of mine ventilation system  /  Dynamic obstacle  /  Dynamic grid  /  Roadway wind speed  /  Numerical simulation
张亚爽, 张京兆, 闫振国, 黄玉鑫, 崔宇鑫, 张金龙. 基于动网格的动态障碍物对巷道风流的影响. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 196 -203 .
Yashuang ZHANG, Jingzhao ZHANG, Zhenguo YAN, Yuxin HUANG, Yuxin CUI, Jinlong ZHANG. Influence of Dynamic Obstacles on Roadway Wind Flow Based on Dynamic Grid[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 196 -203 .
正文
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0　引言
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煤炭是促进经济发展的重要能源之一，根据国家统计局数据，2023年我国能源消费总量为57.2 亿 t标准煤，比2022年增长了5.7%；其中煤炭占能源消费总量的55.3%[1]。在煤炭生产过程中，瓦斯事故有强大的破坏性，而多数瓦斯事故的发生与通风系统的安全问题相关，被学者们称为“因风致灾”[2-3]，故矿井通风系统稳定性对煤矿安全生产起着重大的作用。现如今矿井智能通风已被逐步实现，在巷道内布设多个风速传感器进行风速监测，实时获得巷道内的风速大小和分布情况，但巷道内的风流分布受到障碍物、巷道截面变化、罐笼、矿车等运输设备的影响，可能使稳定可靠的矿井通风系统变的不稳定、不可靠[4]。综上，从矿井内影响因素影响矿井风流分布规律的角度进行研究，对提高通风系统稳定性和可靠性、减少事故的发生具有重要的意义。众多学者对影响巷道风流稳定性的因素进行了大量研究，乔安良[5]研究了锚网索支护、平整壁面支护和锚喷支护3种不同支护形式的巷道断面风流速度的分布特性。张京兆等[6]利用Fluent软件对井下巷道内不同尺寸和不同位置的障碍物影响风流分布的情况进行了模拟研究。王翰锋[7]采用Fluent流体力学软件对矩形和半圆拱形巷道断面的巷道风流进行模拟，分析得到各断面上的风速值与断面平均风速相等的点位置。鹿广利等[8]研究了巷道拐弯角度不同的梯形、矩形和半圆拱形巷道模型的风流变化规律。汤红枪等[9]研究了巷道截面变形对巷道风流的影响规律。李虎民等[10]研究了巷道壁面相对粗糙度对巷道风流的影响，并以此确定定点测风的位置。以上文献大多研究的为静态因素对巷道风流分布规律的影响，而有关动态因素对巷道风流分布影响的研究较少。因此，本文选取了矿车行驶时巷道进口风速、矿车行驶速度、矿车长度和阻塞比4个影响因素，运用动网格技术进行数值模拟，分析不同巷道风流分布规律，以及各因素对巷道风速的影响。研究结果对预防和减少事故的发生具有重要意义。
1　矿车-巷道数值模型和计算工况
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1.1　计算模型的建立
1.1.1　模型假设
由于矿车在巷道行驶时会使风流场发生变化，为了合理简化计算模型，作以下假设：
（1）井巷内的气流假设为不可压缩气体；
（2）巷道壁面为绝热恒温，风流不带热源，围岩没有热辐射[11]；
（3）区域流体具有各向同性，紊流黏性系数可作为标量处理，巷道内的流体运动为稳态紊流，符合Boussinesq理论[12-14]；
（4）巷道壁面光滑且无滑移现象。
1.1.2　模型建立及网格划分
以陕西榆林某煤矿的运输巷道为例，巷道断面为半圆拱形巷道，巷道模型参数高度为5.5 m、宽度为5 m，断面面积为24.82 m2，将巷道简化为一个标准半圆拱形巷道，该煤矿的核定生产能力为6.00 Mt/a，采用混合抽出式通风，掘进工作面采用局扇压入式通风，开拓方式采用平峒分区式，采煤方法选用走向长壁采煤法。动态障碍物以矿井运输巷道内固定轨道上的运煤矿车为例，将矿车简化为矩形，由于运输设备与巷道墙壁之间的距离不小于0.6 m，因此，本文设定矿车与巷道墙壁之间的距离为0.8 m，取巷道长度为350 m，建立矿车-巷道模型，如图1所示。
本研究针对矿车巷道行驶工艺，采用基于弹簧近似光滑模型和局部重划模型耦合的方法进行动网格计算，使用非结构性四面体网格划分技术进行网格划分。以图1中的矿车-巷道物理模型为例，采用非结构四面体进行网格划分，为了提高计算时间，网格尺寸设置为0.3 m，同时为了提高计算精度，巷道壁面进行网格加密处理，尺寸设置为0.2 m，矿车周围区域的网格尺寸取0.05 m，划分后模型网格节点为大约为700 000，网格单元大约为3 630 000，在本次网格划分中，得到的平均网格质量为0.90。网格的质量指标范围为0~1，数值越接近1，说明网格划分的质量越高，可见划分的网格质量较高。模型整体网格划分如图2所示，模型局部网格划分如图3所示。
1.2　边界条件的设定
模拟风流为空气，为使模拟结果更符合巷道的实际通风状况，密度取实测的平均密度1.07 kg/m3，黏性系数取1.44×10－5kg/(m·s)。
在图1的巷道模型左侧设置速度入口，风流入口的初始压强设置为0，右侧设置为自由流出口，壁面类型设置为标准壁面函数，粗糙度常数取0.8，并认为壁面是绝热的。在湍流参数的选择中，湍流的定义方式设置为Intensityand Hydraulic Diameter，其中，湍流强度I和水力直径DH的计算见式(1)和式(2)。
式中，ReDH为按照水力直径DH计算获得的雷诺数。
巷道的水力直径按等效水力直径来确定，即：
式中：S为流体断面面积，m2；C为流体与固体接触的断面周长，m。
已知巷道进口风速和巷道几何尺寸，可由式(1)、式(2)计算得到速度入口的湍流强度I和水力直径DH。
1.3　动网格设置
矿车在巷道行驶过程中，运用动网格技术，即将矿车车体的运动视作刚体运动，设定其行驶速度分别为4 m/s、5 m/s、6 m/s和8 m/s，并通过UDF进行控制；模型采用弹簧近似光滑模型和局部重划模型，即设置弹簧因子为0.65，最小合并尺寸为0.1 m，最大分裂尺寸为0.8 m，其他参数均采用默认设置[15-16]。
1.4　求解方法设置
采用基于压力隐式分离的解算器，湍流模型使用湍流k-ε方程，其他参数设为默认[17-18]；求解方法使用SIMPLE方法，其他参数设为默认；巷道模型数值模拟时采用瞬态模拟。
1.5　计算工况确定
根据煤矿井下实际情况、《煤矿安全规程》和国家标准的煤矿井下煤炭运输设计规范可知，运输巷道风速不得超过6 m/s，固定轨道矿车的尺寸有4种，在本文研究中矿车行驶速度设为4 m/s、5 m/s、6 m/s、8 m/s。采用FLUENT软件模拟矿车顺风行驶时不同巷道进口风速、不同矿车行驶速度、不同阻塞比、不同矿车长度对巷道风流分布的影响，共计13组工况，具体模拟参数见表1。
2　数值模拟结果分析
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2.1　不同进口风速下行驶矿车对巷道风速分布的影响
对工况1, 2，3, 4进行计算模拟，得到巷道截面风流速度场云图，如图4所示。即矿车在运输巷道以6 m/s的运行速度顺风行驶12 s时的巷道走向断面风速云图。
从图4中可以看出，当进口风速分别为1 m/s、2 m/s、3 m/s、4 m/s时，矿车车尾高风速区域最大风速分别达到7.14 m/s、6.93 m/s、6.48 m/s、6.31 m/s，可知巷道进口风速与矿车行驶的速度差值越大，巷道内的风速变化幅度越大，所产生的活塞风效应越明显，对矿井通风系统稳定性影响越大；当巷道进口风速为4 m/s时，与其他风速相比，矿车对巷道上游的风流扰动距离最短，巷道进口风速为1 m/s时最长，可知巷道进口风速与矿车行驶速度的差值越大，对巷道上游风流扰动距离的影响越大，对巷道下游的风流扰动距离的影响较小。
为了能更准确地体现不同巷道进口风速对巷道横截面风速的影响，取巷道x=200 m处断面（断面A）的平均风速变化，如图5所示。
由图5可知，矿车在巷道内行驶过程中，巷道进口风速为1 m/s时，最高平均风速和最低平均风速分别为1.27 m/s、0.63 m/s，平均风速变化程度为64%；巷道进口风速为2 m/s时，最高平均风速和最低平均风速分别为2.11 m/s、1.7 m/s，风速变化程度为20.5%；巷道进口风速分别为3 m/s、4 m/s时，风速变化程度分别为9%、4%。由此可知，巷道进口风速为1 m/s时对断面A的平均风速影响程度最大，与矿车顺风行驶时的速度差值越大，矿车行驶时对巷道横断面的平均风速影响程度越大。当巷道进口风速为1 m/s，矿车车头距断面A的距离为4.2 m时，该断面的平均速度由稳定状态开始增大，矿车车尾距断面A的距离为20.5 m时，断面A的平均速度恢复至稳定状态；当巷道进口风速为2 m/s，矿车车头距断面A的距离为4.5 m时，该断面的平均速度开始增大，矿车车尾距断面A的距离为18.9 m时，断面A的平均速度恢复至稳定状态；当巷道进口风速为3 m/s，矿车车头距断面A的距离为4.7 m时，该断面的平均速度开始增大，矿车车尾距断面A的距离为18.1 m时，断面A的平均速度恢复至稳定状态；当巷道进口风速为4 m/s，矿车车头距断面A的距离为4.9 m时，该断面的平均速度开始增大，矿车车尾距断面A的距离为17.3 m时，断面A的平均速度恢复至稳定状态。综上分析，矿车在巷道内行驶时，随着巷道进口风速与矿车行驶速度差值增大，断面A的平均速度先由稳定状态开始增大，随后恢复至稳定状态。
2.2　不同矿车行驶速度对巷道风速分布的影响
对工况5, 6，7, 8进行计算模拟，得到巷道内风流速度场，即矿车在运输巷道以不同速度顺风行驶相同路程时的巷道走向风速云图，如图6所示。
由图6可知，矿车行驶速度分别为4 m/s、5 m/s、6 m/s、8 m/s时，矿车车尾红色区域最大风速分别为4.37 m/s、5.43 m/s、6.93 m/s、9.61 m/s（颜色标识见电子版），综上可知，矿车行驶速度为8 m/s时，巷道内的风速变化程度最大，且矿车的行驶速度越大，巷道内的风流速度变化程度越明显。
当矿车行驶速度为8 m/s时，矿车行驶时对巷道上游的风流扰动距离最长，矿车行驶速度为4 m/s时，矿车行驶时对巷道上游的风流扰动距离最短，即随着矿车行驶速度的增加，矿车行驶对巷道上游风流扰动距离的影响增大，对巷道下游风流扰动距离的影响较小。
为了能更准确地体现不同矿车行驶速度对巷道横截面风速的影响，分析断面A的平均风速变化，如图7所示。由图7可知，矿车在巷道内行驶时，矿车行驶速度分别为8 m/s、6 m/s、5 m/s、4 m/s，断面A平均速度的变化程度分别为35%、17.5%、15%、8%，可知矿车顺风行驶速度越大，对巷道横断面平均风速的影响程度越大。当矿车行驶速度为4 m/s，矿车车头距断面A的距离为2.4 m时，断面的平均风速开始增大，矿车车尾距断面A为17.2 m时，断面A平均风速恢复至稳定状态；当矿车行驶速度为5 m/s，矿车车头距断面A的距离为2.8 m时，断面A平均风速开始增大，矿车车尾距断面A的距离为17.5 m时，断面A平均风速恢复至稳定状态；当矿车行驶速度为6 m/s，矿车车头距断面A的距离为3.2 m时，断面A的平均风速开始增大，矿车车尾距断面A的距离为17.9 m时，断面A平均风速恢复至稳定状态；当矿车行驶速度为8 m/s，矿车车头距断面A的距离为4.4 m时，断面A的平均风速开始增大，矿车车尾距断面A的距离为18.9 m时，断面A平均风速恢复至稳定状态。综上，矿车行驶速度与巷道进口风速的差值越大时，断面A的平均风速最先由稳定状态开始增大，随后逐渐恢复至稳定状态。
2.3　不同矿车长度下行驶矿车对巷道风速分布的影响
对工况11, 12, 13进行计算模拟，得到巷道内风流速度场，即不同长度矿车在运输巷道内行驶12 s时的巷道走向风速云图，如图8所示。从图8中可以看出，矿车长度不同时，巷道内的最高风速均在6.9 m/s左右，矿车车头和车尾的红色区域面积基本相同(颜色标识见电子版)，即矿车长度不同时对巷道内的风速变化基本没有影响。车尾正后方的气流干扰长度大致相同，即对矿车车头和车尾气流的干扰长度也基本相同。
为了能更准确地体现不同长度矿车行驶时对巷道横截面风速的影响，分析断面A的平均风速变化，如图9所示。由图9可知，矿车长度不同时，该断面的最低平均风速均为1.70 m/s，说明矿车长度并不影响断面的最低平均风速。矿车长度为10 m、15 m、20 m时，巷道断面A平均风速的变化程度分别为21%、20.5%、20%，说明矿车长度的变化对巷道风速变化的影响程度非常小。
2.4　不同阻塞比下行驶矿车对巷道风速的影响
对工况9, 10, 11, 12进行计算模拟，得到巷道内风流速度场，即不同阻塞比下矿车在运输巷道行驶12 s时巷道走向风速云图，如图10所示。由图10可知，阻塞比为0.07时，巷道中的最高风速为6.93 m/s，阻塞比为0.04时的最高风速为6.60 m/s，且矿车尾部的红色区域随着阻塞比的增加而增大（颜色标识见电子版）。综上分析可知，巷道中的最高风速和矿车尾部的红色区域面积随着阻塞比的增加而增大，阻塞比不同对矿车车头和车尾气流干扰长度的影响较小。
为了能更准确地体现不同阻塞比下矿车行驶对巷道横截面风速的影响，分析断面A的平均风速变化，如图11所示。
从图11可以看出，矿车在巷道内行驶时，阻塞比为0.07时，最高平均风速和最低平均风速分别为2.11 m/s、1.7 m/s，差值为0.41 m/s，平均风速变化程度为20.5%；阻塞比分别为0.06, 0.05, 0.04时，平均风速变化程度分别为17%、15%、10.5%，可知阻塞比越大，对横断面的平均风速影响程度越大。
3　各因素与巷道平均速度的相关性
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为研究矿车在运输巷道内行驶时，各因素对巷道平均速度的影响程度，在单因素的基础上，以巷道最高平均速度与最低平均速度的差值分析各因素与巷道风度变化程度的相关性。已知矿车长度的改变对巷道平均速度大小变化基本无影响，忽略矿车长度，其他各因素模拟数据见表2。
为研究巷道横断面最高平均风速和最低平均风速差值与各因素之间的表面直接相关性，采用SPSS软件中的逐步线性回归分析方法对模拟条件下的4个因素与巷道最高平均速度和最低平均速度的差值之间的关系进行分析，并验证了模型假设，得到复相关系数R为0.988，判定系数R2为0.977，校正后的判定系数为0.97，即本文所选择的自变量对因变量合理变异控制为97%，估计的标准偏差为0.026，综上分析可知，线性回归方程的拟合度较好，其相关的具体分析结果见表3至表5。
由表3可知，检验统计量F为153.488，远大于F的临界值4.07，且Sig.值为0(Sig.值小于0.05)，即F检验通过。由表4可知，各项系数的t值的绝对值均大于2.306（双侧检验时，t值临界值为2.306)，即t值检验通过，同时各项的容差都大于0.1，方差膨胀因子均小于10，表明各因素间不存在共线性的问题。
由表5可知，巷道横断面最高平均风速和最低平均风速的差值与巷道进口风速成负相关，与矿车行驶速度成正相关，与阻塞比成正相关，且各因素对巷道最低平均速度和最高平均速度差值的Pearson相关性系数为：矿车行驶速度0.673，巷道进口风速－0.577，阻塞比0.332，可知矿车行驶速度对巷道风速变化的影响程度最大，巷道进口风速次之，阻塞比影响程度最小。
综上，采用线性逐步回归分析方法得到的数学模型假设成立，并在统计学中存在意义，运用SPSS软件处理数据与单因素试验不相同的是前者同时考虑了各因素相互作用对巷道平均速度的影响，最终得到4个因素对巷道风速的影响程度从强到弱依次是矿车行驶速度、巷道进口风速、阻塞比、矿车长度。
4　结论
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（1）巷道进口风速与矿车行驶速度的差值越大，行驶中的矿车对巷道内平均风速的影响程度越大；不同矿车长度下行驶矿车对巷道内的风速变化基本没有影响；阻塞比越大，行驶矿车对横断面平均风速的影响程度越大。
（2）巷道进口风速与矿车行驶速度的差值越大，行驶中的矿车对巷道上游风流扰动距离的影响越大，对巷道下游风流扰动距离的影响较小；不同矿车长度下行驶矿车对巷道上游和下游风流扰动距离的影响基本相同；不同阻塞比下行驶矿车对巷道上游和下游风流扰动距离的影响较小。
（3）运用SPSS软件中的逐步线性回归分析方法得到各因素对巷道风速的影响程度从强到弱依次为矿车行驶速度、巷道进口风速、阻塞比、矿车长度。因此，在不影响矿井生产的前提下，适当减小巷道进口风速与矿车行驶速度有助于提升通风效果，改善井下作业环境。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974232)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间：2024-05-28
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-05-28
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974232)
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    西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院，陕西　西安　710054

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张京兆（1976—），男，河南渑池人，副教授，主要从事矿井通风与粉尘防治方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:
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