Article(id=1322909499694121771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, issueId=1322909380756243363, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715356800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793335803196, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335803196, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335803196, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335803196, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322909380756243363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='288', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793335774840, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793335774840, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=257, endPage=265, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322909499954168620, articleId=1322909499694121771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=EN, title=Study on Desulphurization and Desilication of High-Sulfur and High-Silicon Bauxite Mine by Reverse Flotation in Guizhou, columnId=null, journalTitle=Mining Research and Development, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A high-sulfur and high-silicon bauxite mine in Guizhou was treated with reverse flotation for desulphurization and desilication.The effects of grinding fineness, pH adjuster, activator, collector, foaming agent and inhibitor on flotation desulphurization and desilication were analyzed, and the optimal experimental conditions for flotation desulphurization and desilication of the bauxite mine were determined. The research results show that when the grinding fineness of the raw ore is-0.074 mm accounting for 75.00%, the dosage of sodium carbonate is 1 500 g/t, the dosage of copper sulfate is 100 g/t, the dosage of mixed collector is 300 g/t, and the dosage of foaming agent is 84 g/t, the raw ore is subjected to a closed-circuit test of reverse flotation desulphurization with “one coarse, one fine and two sweeps”, and the desulphurized aluminum concentrate with a yield of 79.27%, a desulphurization rate of 85.58% and a sulfur content of 0.31% is obtained. When the grinding fineness of desulphurized aluminum concentrate is-0.074 mm accounting for 88.00%, the dosage of sodium carbonate is 600 g/t, the dosage of soluble starch is 200 g/t, and the dosage of Y28 collector is 525 g/t, the reverse flotation desilication closed-circuit test of “one coarse, one fine and two sweeps” is carried out, and the aluminum concentrate yield is 64.21%, the Al2O3 recovery rate is 68.46%, the Al2O3 grade is 59.37%, the aluminum silicon ratio is 5.83, and the sulfur content is 0.32%.

, authors=Leihong PENG1, 2, Zhengbin DENG1, Yun TANG1, Hongyan LI1, authorsList=Leihong PENG, Zhengbin DENG, Yun TANG, Hongyan LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhengbin DENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322909504559514438, articleId=1322909499694121771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, language=CN, title=贵州高硫高硅铝土矿反浮选脱硫脱硅研究, columnId=1226462297560892399, journalTitle=矿业研究与开发, columnName=选矿与资源综合利用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

贵州某高硫高硅铝土矿采用反浮选进行脱硫脱硅,分析了磨矿细度、pH调整剂、活化剂、捕收剂、起泡剂和抑制剂等对浮选脱硫脱硅效果的影响,确定了该铝土矿浮选脱硫脱硅的最佳试验条件。研究结果表明:原矿在磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为75.00%、碳酸钠用量为1 500 g/t、硫酸铜用量为100 g/t、混合捕收剂用量为300 g/t、起泡剂用量为84 g/t时,原矿经过“一粗一精两扫”的反浮选脱硫闭路试验处理,得到产率为79.27%、脱硫率为85.58%、含硫量为0.31%的脱硫铝精矿;脱硫铝精矿在磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为88.00%、碳酸钠用量为600 g/t、可溶性淀粉用量为200 g/t、捕收剂Y28用量为525 g/t时,经过“一粗一精两扫”的反浮选脱硅闭路试验处理,得到的铝精矿产率为64.21%、Al2O3回收率为68.46%、Al2O3品位为59.37%、铝硅比为5.83、含硫量为0.32%。

, authors=彭磊红1, 2, 邓政斌1, 唐云1, 李红妍1, authorsList=彭磊红, 邓政斌, 唐云, 李红妍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邓政斌, authorNote=

彭磊红(1995—),男,贵州遵义人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿产综合利用。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
邓政斌(1986—),男,贵州清镇人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为浮选理论与矿产综合利用。E-mail:
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2.浙江友山新材料科技有限公司长沙研究院,湖南 长沙 410221, bio={"content":"

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彭磊红(1995—),男,贵州遵义人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿产综合利用。E-mail:

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ArticleFig(id=1322909510209241985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=CN, label=图12, caption=闭路试验流程, figureFileSmall=ZA13/Ee+740hHHQajnzrgg==, figureFileBig=9QAPTQFWtcWSdJy5hOW6aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322909510418957186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of chemical multi-element analysis of raw ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Al2O3SiO2SK2OMgOTiO2CaOBaONa2OFe2O3灼减
55.6914.271.712.341.692.752.000.180.075.6813.62
), ArticleFig(id=1322909510507037571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

原矿化学多元素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Al2O3SiO2SK2OMgOTiO2CaOBaONa2OFe2O3灼减
55.6914.271.712.341.692.752.000.180.075.6813.62
), ArticleFig(id=1322909510569952132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis results of mineral composition of raw ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一水硬铝石白云母高岭石白云石锐钛矿金红石黄铁矿
54.0022.266.509.602.200.703.64
), ArticleFig(id=1322909510712558469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

原矿主要矿物组成分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一水硬铝石白云母高岭石白云石锐钛矿金红石黄铁矿
54.0022.266.509.602.200.703.64
), ArticleFig(id=1322909510783861638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of collector type and dosage on flotation desulphurization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
捕收剂种类用量/(g/t)含硫量/%脱硫率/%
乙基黄药3000.6863.90
丁基黄药3000.4974.20
戊基黄药3000.8156.58
丁铵黑药3000.4777.36
丁基黄药+丁铵黑药2250.5174.45
丁基黄药+丁铵黑药3000.4279.23
丁基黄药+丁铵黑药3750.5174.77
), ArticleFig(id=1322909510867747719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

捕收剂种类及用量对浮选脱硫的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
捕收剂种类用量/(g/t)含硫量/%脱硫率/%
乙基黄药3000.6863.90
丁基黄药3000.4974.20
戊基黄药3000.8156.58
丁铵黑药3000.4777.36
丁基黄药+丁铵黑药2250.5174.45
丁基黄药+丁铵黑药3000.4279.23
丁基黄药+丁铵黑药3750.5174.77
), ArticleFig(id=1322909510934856584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of desulphurization open circuit test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率/%品位/%铝硅比回收率/%
Al2O3SSiO2Al2O3SSiO2
脱硫铝精矿79.2757.530.3112.894.4681.9014.4271.61
中矿14.7753.282.0818.812.834.425.806.28
中矿21.6551.681.6815.623.311.581.621.81
中矿35.5251.691.5232.791.585.1214.6312.68
硫尾矿8.7944.2514.2512.363.586.9863.537.62
原矿100.0055.691.7114.273.90100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322909511018742665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

脱硫开路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率/%品位/%铝硅比回收率/%
Al2O3SSiO2Al2O3SSiO2
脱硫铝精矿79.2757.530.3112.894.4681.9014.4271.61
中矿14.7753.282.0818.812.834.425.806.28
中矿21.6551.681.6815.623.311.581.621.81
中矿35.5251.691.5232.791.585.1214.6312.68
硫尾矿8.7944.2514.2512.363.586.9863.537.62
原矿100.0055.691.7114.273.90100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322909511094240138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of desilication open circuit test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率/%品位/%铝硅比回收率/%
Al2O3SSiO2Al2O3SSiO2
铝精矿48.5262.040.329.866.2954.079.0733.55
中矿14.7753.282.0818.812.834.425.806.28
中矿21.6551.681.6815.623.311.581.621.81
中矿35.5251.691.5232.791.585.1214.6312.68
中矿49.6752.120.039.065.759.070.156.14
中矿59.3349.280.3216.842.938.251.7511.00
中矿62.6248.590.2714.233.412.280.412.61
硫尾矿8.7944.2514.2512.363.586.9863.537.62
硅尾矿9.1350.240.5728.641.758.233.0418.31
原矿100.0055.691.7114.273.90100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322909512784544651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

脱硅开路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率/%品位/%铝硅比回收率/%
Al2O3SSiO2Al2O3SSiO2
铝精矿48.5262.040.329.866.2954.079.0733.55
中矿14.7753.282.0818.812.834.425.806.28
中矿21.6551.681.6815.623.311.581.621.81
中矿35.5251.691.5232.791.585.1214.6312.68
中矿49.6752.120.039.065.759.070.156.14
中矿59.3349.280.3216.842.938.251.7511.00
中矿62.6248.590.2714.233.412.280.412.61
硫尾矿8.7944.2514.2512.363.586.9863.537.62
硅尾矿9.1350.240.5728.641.758.233.0418.31
原矿100.0055.691.7114.273.90100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322909512864236429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of closed circuit test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率/%品位/%铝硅比回收率/%
Al2O3SSiO2Al2O3SSiO2
铝精矿64.2159.370.3210.195.8368.4611.9145.85
硫尾矿11.1446.8311.8914.883.159.3677.4211.61
硅尾矿24.6550.100.7424.621.0322.1810.6742.54
合计100.0055.691.7114.273.90100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322909512948122510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225396423026438145, articleId=1322909499694121771, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

闭路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率/%品位/%铝硅比回收率/%
Al2O3SSiO2Al2O3SSiO2
铝精矿64.2159.370.3210.195.8368.4611.9145.85
硫尾矿11.1446.8311.8914.883.159.3677.4211.61
硅尾矿24.6550.100.7424.621.0322.1810.6742.54
合计100.0055.691.7114.273.90100.00100.00100.00
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贵州高硫高硅铝土矿反浮选脱硫脱硅研究
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彭磊红 1, 2 , 邓政斌 1 , 唐云 1 , 李红妍 1
矿业研究与开发 | 选矿与资源综合利用 2025,45(4): 257-265
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矿业研究与开发 |选矿与资源综合利用 2025 , 45 (4) : 257 -265
贵州高硫高硅铝土矿反浮选脱硫脱硅研究
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彭磊红1, 2 , 邓政斌1 , 唐云1, 李红妍1
作者信息
  • 1.贵州大学 矿业学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 2.浙江友山新材料科技有限公司长沙研究院,湖南 长沙 410221
通讯作者:
邓政斌(1986—),男,贵州清镇人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为浮选理论与矿产综合利用。E-mail:
作者简介:

彭磊红(1995—),男,贵州遵义人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为矿产综合利用。E-mail:

Study on Desulphurization and Desilication of High-Sulfur and High-Silicon Bauxite Mine by Reverse Flotation in Guizhou
Leihong PENG1, 2 , Zhengbin DENG1 , Yun TANG1, Hongyan LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.Mining College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
  • 2.Changsha Research Institute, Zhejiang Youshan New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410221, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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贵州某高硫高硅铝土矿采用反浮选进行脱硫脱硅,分析了磨矿细度、pH调整剂、活化剂、捕收剂、起泡剂和抑制剂等对浮选脱硫脱硅效果的影响,确定了该铝土矿浮选脱硫脱硅的最佳试验条件。研究结果表明:原矿在磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为75.00%、碳酸钠用量为1 500 g/t、硫酸铜用量为100 g/t、混合捕收剂用量为300 g/t、起泡剂用量为84 g/t时,原矿经过“一粗一精两扫”的反浮选脱硫闭路试验处理,得到产率为79.27%、脱硫率为85.58%、含硫量为0.31%的脱硫铝精矿;脱硫铝精矿在磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为88.00%、碳酸钠用量为600 g/t、可溶性淀粉用量为200 g/t、捕收剂Y28用量为525 g/t时,经过“一粗一精两扫”的反浮选脱硅闭路试验处理,得到的铝精矿产率为64.21%、Al2O3回收率为68.46%、Al2O3品位为59.37%、铝硅比为5.83、含硫量为0.32%。

高硫高硅铝土矿  /  反浮选  /  脱硫  /  脱硅

A high-sulfur and high-silicon bauxite mine in Guizhou was treated with reverse flotation for desulphurization and desilication.The effects of grinding fineness, pH adjuster, activator, collector, foaming agent and inhibitor on flotation desulphurization and desilication were analyzed, and the optimal experimental conditions for flotation desulphurization and desilication of the bauxite mine were determined. The research results show that when the grinding fineness of the raw ore is-0.074 mm accounting for 75.00%, the dosage of sodium carbonate is 1 500 g/t, the dosage of copper sulfate is 100 g/t, the dosage of mixed collector is 300 g/t, and the dosage of foaming agent is 84 g/t, the raw ore is subjected to a closed-circuit test of reverse flotation desulphurization with “one coarse, one fine and two sweeps”, and the desulphurized aluminum concentrate with a yield of 79.27%, a desulphurization rate of 85.58% and a sulfur content of 0.31% is obtained. When the grinding fineness of desulphurized aluminum concentrate is-0.074 mm accounting for 88.00%, the dosage of sodium carbonate is 600 g/t, the dosage of soluble starch is 200 g/t, and the dosage of Y28 collector is 525 g/t, the reverse flotation desilication closed-circuit test of “one coarse, one fine and two sweeps” is carried out, and the aluminum concentrate yield is 64.21%, the Al2O3 recovery rate is 68.46%, the Al2O3 grade is 59.37%, the aluminum silicon ratio is 5.83, and the sulfur content is 0.32%.

High-sulfur and high-silicon bauxite mine  /  Reverse flotation  /  Desulphurization  /  Desilication
彭磊红, 邓政斌, 唐云, 李红妍. 贵州高硫高硅铝土矿反浮选脱硫脱硅研究. 矿业研究与开发, 2025 , 45 (4) : 257 -265 .
Leihong PENG, Zhengbin DENG, Yun TANG, Hongyan LI. Study on Desulphurization and Desilication of High-Sulfur and High-Silicon Bauxite Mine by Reverse Flotation in Guizhou[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2025 , 45 (4) : 257 -265 .
我国铝土矿储量占世界铝土矿储量的3%,属于铝资源相对缺乏的国家[1-2],对外依存度较高[3-4]。我国铝土矿主要分布在山西、广西、贵州、河南,主要特点为储量少、质量差、加工难度大。铝土矿硫含量和硅含量过高会降低氧化铝产品质量,增加碱耗[5],缩短设备寿命,堵塞管道,以及降低赤泥沉降性能[6-9]。高硫高硅铝土矿生产氧化铝时需要进行脱硫脱硅处理。
目前,铝土矿脱硫技术主要有焙烧法脱硫[10]、添加脱硫剂法脱硫[11]、微生物法脱硫[12]、浮选法脱硫[13]。焙烧法脱硫存在能耗高和产生污染气体的缺点,添加脱硫剂会增大生产成本,同时影响产品质量;微生物法脱硫存在选择菌株困难、驯化时间长、浸出脱硫效率低等问题。铝土矿脱硅方法主要有化学法脱硅[14]、生物法脱硅[15]和浮选法脱硅[16],化学法脱硅能耗高、碱耗量较大,生物法脱硅菌株筛选困难、培养周期长。浮选法脱硫脱硅具有工艺简单、高效环保、成本低廉的特点[17-18]。在铝土矿浮选脱硫和脱硅研究中,以浮选工艺和药剂的研究为重点。铝土矿中的含硫矿物主要是黄铁矿,黄铁矿的天然可浮性较好,所以浮选法脱硫的浮选工艺以反浮选法为主,捕收剂主要是黄药,同时研发出了较多效果良好的新型脱硫药剂,如ZBD[6]、BKS-1[19]、NCs[20]、PG-20[21]、BA-1[22]。在浮选脱硅研究中主要采用正浮选,捕收剂主要包括油酸、塔尔油、中性油、十二烷基苯磺酸钠等[23],反浮选捕收剂主要有伯胺、酰胺和季胺等[24]。正浮选脱硅时浮选药剂用量大、选择性差,精矿上浮量较大,后期压滤脱水困难,不符合浮选中“浮少抑多”的选矿原则,高硫高硅铝土矿采用反浮选脱硫脱硅的研究较少。本文针对贵州某高硫高硅铝土矿采用反浮选进行脱硫脱硅,并对影响浮选脱硫脱硅效果的各因素进行优化,确定了适合该铝土矿的浮选脱硫脱硅条件,为实现高硫高硅铝土矿资源利用提供参考。
对原矿进行化学多元素分析和主要矿物组成分析,分析结果分别见表1和表2。
由表1结果可知,原矿中的主要成分Al2O3含量为55.69%、SiO2含量为14.27%,铝硅比为3.90, S含量为1.71%,属于高硫高硅铝土矿。由表2结果可知,原矿中的主要矿物成分有一水硬铝石、白云母、白云石、高岭石和黄铁矿,同时还有少量的锐钛矿和金红石。其中主要的含铝矿物为一水硬铝石,硫矿物为黄铁矿,含硅矿物为白云母和高岭石。
取矿样200.00 g,磨矿后使用浮选机进行浮选,浮选流程见图1。矿浆加入浮选槽后依次加入调整剂、捕收剂、起泡剂,浮选脱硫脱硅的泡沫产品分别为硫尾矿和硅尾矿,将浮选产品压滤、烘干、称量、制样后分析其含量,计算浮选产品的回收率和品位。
磨矿细度直接影响矿物之间的单体解离度,矿物的单体解离是实现矿物分离的重要条件,故磨矿细度直接决定矿物分离效果[25]。为了探索出最佳的磨矿细度,进行磨矿细度试验,试验条件:捕收剂丁基黄药用量为300 g/t,活化剂硫酸铜用量为200 g/t,起泡剂松醇油用量为84 g/t,考察磨矿细度对脱硫效果的影响,结果见图2。
随着磨矿细度(-0.074 mm含量)的增加,脱硫铝精矿中的含硫量变化趋势是先减小后增大,脱硫率先增大后减小。其主要原因是在磨矿细度较粗时,一水硬铝石与黄铁矿单体解离度不断增加,矿物比表面积较大,有利于捕收剂与矿浆中的黄铁矿发生吸附,这对于黄铁矿的浮选有利;磨矿细度较细时,细粒级含量增加,矿泥会吸附在黄铁矿表面,导致浮选药剂很难捕捉到黄铁矿,从而造成脱硫效果差。综上所述,磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为75.00%时脱硫效果最佳,此时脱硫铝精矿脱硫率为59.03%,含硫量为0.75%。
试验中采用碳酸钠为矿浆pH调整剂,设置磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为75.00%,捕收剂丁基黄药用量为300 g/t,活化剂硫酸铜用量为200 g/t,起泡剂松醇油用量为84 g/t,考察了碳酸钠用量对浮选脱硫的影响,结果见图3。
随着碳酸钠用量增加,含硫量变化趋势是先降低后升高,脱硫率则先升高后降低,其原因可能为:碳酸钠可以为铝土矿脱硫提供碱性的选矿环境,对矿泥有分散作用[26],减小矿石中高岭石、白云母等黏土矿物对脱硫的影响。综合考虑,确定碳酸钠用量为1 500 g/t,此时矿浆溶液pH为9.12,脱硫铝精矿脱硫率为71.74%,含硫量为0.53%。
设置磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为75.00%,pH调整剂碳酸钠用量为1 500 g/t,捕收剂丁基黄药用量为300 g/t,起泡剂松醇油用量为84 g/t,考察了活化剂硫酸铜用量对浮选脱硫的影响,结果见图4。
随着硫酸铜用量的增加,脱硫铝精矿含硫量先降低后升高,脱硫率先升高后降低。随着硫酸铜用量逐渐增加,黄铁矿表面活性不断增强,从而强化捕收剂对黄铁矿的捕收能力;但是当硫酸铜用量过高时,会消耗大量的捕收剂,导致黄铁矿脱出率降低[27]。综合考虑,确定硫酸铜用量为100 g/t时脱硫效果最佳,脱硫铝精矿脱硫率为74.20%,含硫量为0.49%。
设置磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为75.00%,pH调整剂碳酸钠用量为1 500 g/t,活化剂硫酸铜用量为100 g/t,起泡剂松醇油用量为84 g/t,分别以乙基黄药、丁基黄药、戊基黄药、丁铵黑药、丁基黄药与丁铵黑药(8:2)的混合捕收剂为脱硫捕收剂开展试验,考察捕收剂种类及用量对浮选脱硫的影响,试验结果见表3。
根据表3可知,丁基黄药与丁铵黑药的混合捕收剂相较于4种单一捕收剂的脱硫效果更好,这是因为不同捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附位点不同,而混合捕收剂可以增加其吸附位点,加强矿物的上浮率[28]。随着混合捕收剂的用量不断增加,脱硫铝精矿的含硫量变化趋势是先减少后增加,脱硫率先增加再减少,综上,混合捕收剂的用量为300 g/t时脱硫效果最好。此时脱硫铝精矿的脱硫率为79.23%含硫量为0.42%。
设置磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为75.00%,pH调整剂碳酸钠用量为1 500 g/t,活化剂硫酸铜用量为100 g/t,混合捕收剂用量为300 g/t,探究起泡剂松醇油用量对脱硫效果的影响,试验结果见图5。
由图5可知,松醇油的用量超过84 g/t后,脱硫铝精矿的含硫量和脱硫率变化较小。其原因为:随着松醇油的用量不断增加,矿浆中产生的泡沫也在不断增加,气泡夹带作用增强,同时还会增加矿物的疏水性,导致脱硫铝精矿的产率不断下降,含硫量增加,脱硫率减小。综合考虑,起泡剂松醇油的用量为84 g/t时脱硫效果最佳,此时脱硫铝精矿的脱硫率为79.23%,含硫量为0.42%。
在脱硫的最佳试验条件下进行开路试验,试验流程及药剂制度见图6,结果见表4。由表4可知,经过“一粗一精两扫”的开路试验得到的脱硫铝精矿产率为79.27%,脱硫率为85.58%,含硫量为0.31%,脱硫效果显著。
为探究脱硫铝精矿在浮选时的磨矿细度对浮选脱硅的影响,进行磨矿细度试验,设置胺类捕收剂Y28为250 g/t,试验结果见图7。
由图7可知,随着磨矿细度的不断增加,粗铝精矿的Al2O3回收率逐渐减小,铝硅比先增加后减小。综合考虑,磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为88.00%最适宜,在此条件下粗铝精矿的铝硅比为4.92, Al2O3的回收率为61.38%。
为探索矿浆pH对浮选效果的影响,进行矿浆pH调整剂用量试验,试验条件:磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为88.00%、捕收剂Y28为250 g/t,考察了碳酸钠用量对浮选脱硅效果的影响,结果见图8。
由图8可知,随着碳酸钠用量不断增加,粗铝精矿的产率和Al2O3回收率不断增加,铝硅比先增加后减小。综合考虑,碳酸钠的用量为600 g/t时最适宜,在此条件下粗铝精矿的铝硅比为5.00, Al2O3的回收率为65.55%。
在试验中发现,丁基黄药与丁铵黑药混合捕收剂在选矿过程中具有较好的起泡性能,用量大时选择性较差,同时脱硫过程中加入松醇油带来的夹带影响和矿浆泥化导致Al2O3的回收率降低。试验中通过添加抑制剂来减轻这种情况,进行抑制剂(可溶性淀粉)用量试验,试验条件:磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为88.00%、碳酸钠用量为600 g/t、捕收剂用量为250 g/t,结果见图9。
由图9可知,随着可溶性淀粉用量的不断增加,粗铝精矿的产率和Al2O3回收率不断增加,铝硅比先增加后减小。综合考虑,可溶性淀粉的用量为200 g/t时最适宜,在此条件下粗铝精矿的铝硅比为5.25, Al2O3的回收率为65.72%。
为考察捕收剂(Y28)用量对浮选脱硅效果的影响,进行捕收剂用量试验,试验条件:磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为88.00%、碳酸钠用量为600 g/t,可溶性淀粉用量为200 g/t,结果见图10。
由图10可知,随着捕收剂用量的不断增加,粗铝精矿的产率和Al2O3回收率不断减小,铝硅比先增加后减小。因而捕收剂的用量为375 g/t时最适宜,在此条件下粗铝精矿的铝硅比为5.35, Al2O3的回收率为64.60%。
经过前期的条件试验可知,该药剂对于矿石的脱硅效果较为显著。在脱硅的最佳试验条件下进行开路试验,试验流程及药剂制度见图11,结果见表5。
对脱硫铝精矿进行如图11所示的开路试验,可以得到产率为48.52%、含硫量为0.32%、Al2O3品位为62.04%、铝硅比为6.29、Al2O3回收率为54.07%的铝精矿,浮选效果较好。
脱硫和脱硅的浮选方法均为反浮选,对原矿进行如图12所示的闭路流程试验,试验结果见表6。
由图12和表6可知,原矿在磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为75.00%、碳酸钠用量为1 500 g/t、活化剂硫酸铜用量为100 g/t、混合捕收剂用量为300 g/t、起泡剂用量为84 g/t时,在“一粗一精两扫”的闭路流程条件下得到脱硫铝精矿;对脱硫铝精矿再磨至-0.074 mm占比88.00%、碳酸钠用量为600 g/t、可溶性淀粉用量为200 g/t、捕收剂Y28用量为525 g/t时,在“一粗一精两扫”的闭路流程条件下,得到的铝精矿产率为64.21%、Al2O3回收率为68.46%、Al2O3品位为59.37%、铝硅比为5.83、含硫量为0.32%。
本文考察了浮选脱硫过程中磨矿细度、碳酸钠和硫酸铜用量、捕收剂种类和用量、起泡剂用量及脱硫工艺流程对铝土矿脱硫的影响。在浮选脱硅过程中考察了磨矿细度、碳酸钠用量、抑制剂用量、捕收剂用量及脱硅工艺流程对铝土矿脱硅的影响。
(1)原矿在磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为75.00%、碳酸钠用量为1 500 g/t、活化剂硫酸铜用量为100 g/t、混合捕收剂丁基黄药:丁铵黑药(8∶2)用量为300 g/t、起泡剂用量为84 g/t时,采用“一粗一精两扫”的闭路流程,可得到产率为79.27%、脱硫率为85.58%、含硫量为0.31%的脱硫铝精矿。
(2)脱硫铝精矿在磨矿细度-0.074 mm占比为88.00%、碳酸钠用量为600 g/t、可溶性淀粉用量为200 g/t、捕收剂Y28用量为525 g/t时,采用“一粗一精两扫”的闭路流程,得到的铝精矿产率为64.21%、Al2O3回收率为68.46%、Al2O3品位为59.37%、铝硅比为5.83、含硫量为0.32%。
  • 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-〔2024〕青年140)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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  • 接收时间:2024-05-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-11
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贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-〔2024〕青年140)
作者信息
    1.贵州大学 矿业学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.浙江友山新材料科技有限公司长沙研究院,湖南 长沙 410221

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邓政斌(1986—),男,贵州清镇人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为浮选理论与矿产综合利用。E-mail:
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